CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>山 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"803879d7-cabe-4c72-9c0b-c9585c4a9f07","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"山","wgTitle":"山","wgCurRevisionId":84847037,"wgRevisionId":84847037,"wgArticleId":19550,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面","自2024年11月带有失效链接的条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目","包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目","山","地理术语","地球地壳"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh", "wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"山","wgRelevantArticleId":19550,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8502", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/1200px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/800px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/640px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="山 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-山 rootpage-山 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B1%B1&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B1%B1&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B1%B1&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B1%B1&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-成因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>成因</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理学上的山" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理学上的山"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地理学上的山</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理学上的山-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>特徵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>生態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>種類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-種類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关種類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-火山種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#火山種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>火山種類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-火山種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-岩石種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#岩石種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>岩石種類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-岩石種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-世界高山" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界高山"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>世界高山</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世界高山-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-腳註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#腳註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>腳註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-腳註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">山</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。210种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-210" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">210种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunong" title="Gunong – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Gunong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg" title="Berg – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Berg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg" title="Berg – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Berg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AB" title="ተራራ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ተራራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanya" title="Montanya – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Montanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beorg" title="Beorg – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Beorg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogoon%CC%84" title="Ogoon̄ – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ogoon̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جبل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جبل – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4" title="পৰ্বত – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্বত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte" title="Monte – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC" title="पहाड़ – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पहाड़" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C4%9F" title="Dağ – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dağ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="داغ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داغ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Тау – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beag" title="Beag – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Beag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalns" title="Kalns – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kalns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid" title="Bukid – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bukid" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud" title="Belud – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Belud" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гара – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гара – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Планина – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Планина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC" title="पहाड़ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पहाड़" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကောင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4" title="পর্বত – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্বত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE" title="মোন্টানহা – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মোন্টানহা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menez" title="Menez – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planina" title="Planina – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Planina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntanya" title="Muntanya – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muntanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83ng" title="Săng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Săng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Лам – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid" title="Bukid – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bukid" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A3%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%A2" title="ᎣᏓᎸᎢ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎣᏓᎸᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8E%D9%88" title="کێو – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntagna" title="Muntagna – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Muntagna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archives/%E1%90%A7%E1%90%8A%E1%94%92" title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐧᐊᔒ – 克里语" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐧᐊᔒ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="克里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C4%9F" title="Dağ – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dağ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora" title="Hora – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hora" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83" title="Ту – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ту" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynydd" title="Mynydd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerg" title="Bjerg – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bjerg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoli" title="Zoli – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zoli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg" title="Berg – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Berg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%8Ba" title="Taŋa – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Taŋa" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko" title="Ko – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ko" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%8C" title="Βουνό – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουνό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munt%C3%A2gna" title="Muntâgna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Muntâgna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mountain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monto" title="Monto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monta%C3%B1a" title="Montaña – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montaña" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4gi" title="Mägi – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mägi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendi" title="Mendi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87" title="کوه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuori" title="Vuori – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vuori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulunivanua" title="Ulunivanua – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ulunivanua" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjall" title="Fjall – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fjall" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagne" title="Montagne – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Montagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagne" title="Montagne – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Montagne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berag" title="Berag – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Berag" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berch" title="Berch – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Berch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliabh" title="Sliabh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sliabh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="山" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montangn" title="Montangn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Montangn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinn" title="Beinn – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beinn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monta%C3%B1a" title="Montaña – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Montaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyty" title="Yvyty – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongor" title="Dongor – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Dongor" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%27idu" title="Hu'idu – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Hu'idu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4" title="પર્વત – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પર્વત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slieau" title="Slieau – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Slieau" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsauni" title="Tsauni – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsauni" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n" title="Sân – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sân" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8" title="הר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="पर्वत – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्वत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahaarr" title="Pahaarr – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pahaarr" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planina" title="Planina – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Planina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2n" title="Mòn – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegy" title="Hegy – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hegy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%BC" title="Լեռ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեռ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Սար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montania" title="Montania – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Montania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ii mw-list-item"><a href="https://ii.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%81%A7" title="ꁧ – 四川彝语" lang="ii" hreflang="ii" data-title="ꁧ" data-language-autonym="ꆇꉙ" data-language-local-name="四川彝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꆇꉙ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%A1%C4%A1i" title="Iġġi – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Iġġi" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantay" title="Bantay – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bantay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Лоам – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лоам" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monto" title="Monto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Monto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjall" title="Fjall – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagna" title="Montagna – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Montagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="山" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountn" title="Mountn – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mountn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cmana" title="cmana – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cmana" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90" title="მთა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taw" title="Taw – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Taw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrar_(ademkal)" title="Adrar (ademkal) – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adrar (ademkal)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1fan" title="A̱fan – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱fan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Тау – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%86" title="ភ្នំ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភ្នំ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4" title="ಪರ್ವತ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರ್ವತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0" title="산 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91" title="پَہاڑ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پَہاڑ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87iya" title="Çiya – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çiya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kus mw-list-item"><a href="https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuor" title="Zuor – Kusaal" lang="kus" hreflang="kus" data-title="Zuor" data-language-autonym="Kʋsaal" data-language-local-name="Kusaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kʋsaal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menydh" title="Menydh – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Menydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Тоо – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons" title="Mons – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mons" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bierg" title="Bierg – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bierg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83" title="Зунтту – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Зунтту" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Сув – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сув" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte" title="Monte – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Monte" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg_(geologie)" title="Berg (geologie) – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Berg (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ABp" title="Crëp – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Crëp" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntagna" title="Muntagna – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muntagna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B3mb%C3%A1" title="Ngómbá – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ngómbá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnas" title="Kalnas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalns" title="Kalns – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendrombohitra" title="Tendrombohitra – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tendrombohitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunuang" title="Gunuang – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gunuang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Планина – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Планина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="പർവ്വതം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പർവ്വതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Уул – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E" title="ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯎ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯤꯡꯆꯥꯎ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="पर्वत – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्वत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="တောင် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="گَر – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گَر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepetl" title="Tepetl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tepetl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barg" title="Barg – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Barg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barg" title="Barg – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Barg" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="हिमाल – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिमाल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82" title="च्वापुगुं – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="च्वापुगुं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg_(landvorm)" title="Berg (landvorm) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Berg (landvorm)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjell" title="Fjell – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fjell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjell" title="Fjell – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fjell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montangne" title="Montangne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Montangne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaba" title="Thaba – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thaba" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82" title="Dził – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dził" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanha" title="Montanha – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Montanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaara" title="Gaara – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gaara" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C" title="ਪਹਾੜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਹਾੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seru" title="Seru – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Seru" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B" title="पब्बतो – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पब्बतो" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3ra" title="Góra – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Góra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91" title="پہاڑ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پہاڑ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="غر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanha" title="Montanha – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urqu" title="Urqu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urqu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntogna" title="Muntogna – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Muntogna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxro" title="Paxro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Paxro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munte" title="Munte – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Munte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munti" title="Munti – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Munti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundagne" title="Mundagne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mundagne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гора – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гора" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гора – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гора" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umusozi" title="Umusozi – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umusozi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="पर्वताः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पर्वताः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Хайа – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хайа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntagna" title="Muntagna – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Muntagna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moontain" title="Moontain – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Moontain" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جبل – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جبل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1rri" title="Várri – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Várri" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planina" title="Planina – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Planina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrar" title="Adrar – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Adrar" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86" title="လွႆ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လွႆ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mountain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrch_(vyv%C3%BD%C5%A1enina)" title="Vrch (vyvýšenina) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vrch (vyvýšenina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gora" title="Gora – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gora" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomo" title="Gomo – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gomo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buur" title="Buur – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Buur" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_(gjeografi)" title="Mali (gjeografi) – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mali (gjeografi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Планина – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Планина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gunung" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg" title="Berg – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Berg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlima" title="Mlima – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mlima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8Dra" title="Gōra – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gōra" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/buyu%27" title="buyu' – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="buyu'" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="மலை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="పర్వతం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పర్వతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%AF%D2%B3" title="Кӯҳ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кӯҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2" title="ภูเขา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูเขา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dag" title="Dag – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Dag" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundok" title="Bundok – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bundok" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C4%9F" title="Dağ – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Тау – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiri" title="Phiri – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Phiri" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гора – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91" title="پہاڑ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پہاڑ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tog%CA%BBlar" title="Togʻlar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Togʻlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanja" title="Montanja – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Montanja" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4gi" title="Mägi – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mägi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAi" title="Núi – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Núi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg" title="Berg – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Berg" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel" title="Bel – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montinne" title="Montinne – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Montinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid" title="Bukid – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bukid" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangor" title="Tangor – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tangor" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intaba" title="Intaba – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Intaba" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="გვალა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გვალა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D6%B7%D7%A8%D7%92" title="באַרג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באַרג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bya" title="Bya – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bya" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="山" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soa%E2%81%BF" title="Soaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intaba" title="Intaba – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Intaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8502#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B1%B1" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%B1%B1" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%B1%B1" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%B1%B1" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&oldid=84847037" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%B1%B1&id=84847037&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh%2F%25E5%25B1%25B1"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh%2F%25E5%25B1%25B1"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%B1%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mountains" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8502" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-8001d968" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-8001d968" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:安第斯; zh-hk:安第斯; zh-tw:安地斯;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:珠穆朗玛峰; zh-cn:珠穆朗玛峰; zh-hant:額菲爾士峰; zh-tw:聖母峰;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:米; zh-hk:米; zh-tw:公尺;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:里; zh-tw:裡; zh-hk:裏;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于与「<b>山</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="山 (消歧義)">山 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>岳</b>」重定向至此。關於商族的先祖，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3_(%E5%95%86%E6%97%8F%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="岳 (商族先公)">岳 (商族先公)</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/220px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/330px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg/440px-Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%91%AA%E5%B3%B0" title="珠穆朗瑪峰">珠穆朗瑪峰</a>，地球海拔最高的山</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damavand_in_winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Damavand_in_winter.jpg/240px-Damavand_in_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Damavand_in_winter.jpg/360px-Damavand_in_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Damavand_in_winter.jpg/480px-Damavand_in_winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%B3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="德馬峰">德馬峰</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_Beshbarmag,_Azerbaijan,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mountain_Beshbarmag%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_2007.jpg/240px-Mountain_Beshbarmag%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mountain_Beshbarmag%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_2007.jpg/360px-Mountain_Beshbarmag%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mountain_Beshbarmag%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_2007.jpg/480px-Mountain_Beshbarmag%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="亞塞拜然">亞塞拜然</a>的五指山</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo,_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo%2C_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg/240px-Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo%2C_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo%2C_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg/360px-Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo%2C_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo%2C_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg/480px-Volc%C3%A1n_Chimborazo%2C_%22El_Taita_Chimborazo%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="厄瓜多">厄瓜多</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%8D%9A%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1" title="钦博拉索山">钦博拉索山</a>，離地球中心最遠點，為<b>最接近外太空的地方</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpamayo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alpamayo.jpg/240px-Alpamayo.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alpamayo.jpg/360px-Alpamayo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alpamayo.jpg/480px-Alpamayo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>安第斯山脉的山峰是秘鲁很多河流的源头</figcaption></figure> <p><b>山</b>是地面上被<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="平地">平地</a>所围绕的具有较大的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绝对高度（页面不存在）">绝对高度</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="相对高度">相对高度</a>而凸起的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌区（页面不存在）">地貌区</a>。山离地面高度通常在海拔600米以上，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="低山">低山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6)" title="中山 (地貌学)">中山</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="高山">高山</a>，是否被稱作山取決於當地人。海拔低于600米的地形则称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>。 </p><p>山一般是因<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="板塊構造論">板塊碰撞</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="火山作用">火山作用</a>而產生。山會因<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>、氣候作用或是<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河">冰河</a>而慢慢侵蝕。有些山會形成單獨的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B6%E5%B3%B0" title="顶峰">頂峰</a>，不過大部份的山會连在一起形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="山脉">山脉</a>。 </p><p>高山上因為高海拔而出現<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="高山气候">高山气候</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氣溫">氣溫</a>會比海平面低，因此會影響高山的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系">生態系</a>。不同的高度會有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海拔區劃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="altitudinal zonation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海拔區劃（页面不存在）">不同的動植物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/altitudinal_zonation" class="extiw" title="en:altitudinal zonation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">altitudinal zonation</span></a></span>）</span></span>，由於其氣候及環境較不適宜居住，高山上的農業較平地少。有些休閒娛樂和高山有關，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="爬山">爬山</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="滑雪">滑雪</a>。 </p><p>地球上最高的山是在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喜馬拉雅山">喜馬拉雅山</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%91%AA%E5%B3%B0" title="珠穆朗瑪峰">珠穆朗瑪峰</a>，距<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="海平面">海平面</a>的高度為8848公尺<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。太陽系中最高的山是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1_(%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F)" title="奧林帕斯山 (火星)">奧林帕斯山</a>，高度是21229公尺<sup id="cite_ref-I-2782_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I-2782-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>世界各大陆山地分布面积近3,600万平方公里, 约占全球<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0" title="陆地">陆地</a>面积的24%<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="成因"><span id=".E6.88.90.E5.9B.A0"></span>成因</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：成因"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>山的形成</b>，是經歷過<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="火山作用">火山作用</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%BC%82%E7%A7%BB%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="大陆漂移说">大陸漂移</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="板塊構造論">板塊碰撞</a>）而產生，而引起<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%B6%E7%9A%B1" title="褶皱">褶皺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">斷裂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="造山運動">隆起雞雞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="堆積作用">沉積</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蝕</a>等地理因素。如<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="喜馬拉雅山脈">喜馬拉雅山脈</a>，就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" title="歐亞大陸板塊">歐亞大陸板塊</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" title="印度-澳洲板塊">印度-澳洲板塊</a>兩個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸板塊">大陸板塊</a>之間互相碰撞對方而產生的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="造山運動">板塊擠壓運動</a>；而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>東海岸的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%91%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="阿帕拉契山脈">阿帕拉契山脈</a>就屬於古大陸地形，後遭侵蝕作用後形成現貌。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理学上的山"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E5.B1.B1"></span>地理学上的山</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：地理学上的山"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>山的外侧陡峻且比<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>要高。沒有普遍接受的於對山的定義。高度、體積、坡度、和其他山的間隔及連續生都曾用來作為定義山的方式<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="牛津英文字典">牛津英文字典</a>中，山的定義是「地表的自然高度，相較於周圍地勢，有突然的昇高，而且其高度和鄰近的高度相比，有顯著的昇高。」<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>一座山是否被稱作山取決於當地人。美國加利福尼亞州舊金山的最高點被稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戴維森山" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mount Davidson (California)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E7%B6%AD%E6%A3%AE%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戴維森山（页面不存在）">戴維森山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Davidson_(California)" class="extiw" title="en:Mount Davidson (California)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mount Davidson (California)</span></a></span>）</span></span>，雖然它只有300公尺。而俄克拉何马州<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E9%A1%BF_(%E4%BF%84%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%BD%95%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%9E)" title="劳顿 (俄克拉何马州)">劳顿</a>附近的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史考特山 (俄克拉何马州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mount Scott (Oklahoma)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%80%83%E7%89%B9%E5%B1%B1_(%E4%BF%84%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%BD%95%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史考特山 (俄克拉何马州)（页面不存在）">史考特山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Scott_(Oklahoma)" class="extiw" title="en:Mount Scott (Oklahoma)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mount Scott (Oklahoma)</span></a></span>）</span></span>從周圍到山頂的高度是251公尺。Whittow的自然地理詞典<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>提到「有些作者認為超過600公尺才是山，較低的只能視為丘陵。」 </p><p>其他對山的定義包括<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>最高點高於底部至少2500米</li> <li>最高點高於底部1500米-2500米，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%BA%A6" title="坡度">坡度</a>大於2度</li> <li>最高點高於底部1000米-1500米坡度大於5度</li> <li>當地（半徑7公里）海拔大於300米，300-1000米</li></ul> <p>按照這個定義，山覆蓋歐亞大陸的33%，南美的19%，北美的24%，非洲的14%<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlyth200214_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlyth200214-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。作為一個整體，地球24%的面積是山地，10%的人類生活在山區。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>世界上大多數河源來自山，半數的人依賴於源自山的水。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>地球上最高的50座山脈都在亞洲。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="行星地質學">行星地質學</a>涉及行星的山區，在這個科學裏山通常稱作<i>montes</i> （單數 <i>mons</i>）。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>裏最高的山是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1_(%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F)" title="奧林帕斯山 (火星)">奧林帕斯山</a>，海拔21229米。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特徵"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B5"></span>特徵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：特徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般的高山，或是接近<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">地極</a>區域的山會達到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣層">大氣層</a>較高的地方，故<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氣溫">氣溫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="氣壓">氣壓</a>都會較平地低。通常這些山會發生冰川作用，同時亦會在冰凍時導致<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蝕作用</a>，這些作用就會形成了各種不同形狀的山峰。有些高山會有<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>融化而形成的冰川湖，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>就大約有三千多個<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E6%B9%96" class="mw-redirect" title="冰川湖">冰川湖</a>。山在長久時間的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="風化">風化</a>或侵蝕下，就會造成山的各種外貌和特徵，故在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a>的影響下，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>中不同地區的山也會有各種不同的形態。 </p><p>雖然山的高度會造成與太陽的距離接近，但山區的氣溫仍會較平地低。原因和太陽照射地球，使溫度昇高的方式有關<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。太陽直接照射地面，使地面溫暖，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="溫室效應">溫室效應</a>的影響會將熱再反射到地球，使得低海拔的空氣比較溫暖。當高度提高時，溫室效應的影響下降，因此溫度也隨之下降<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在一般的情況下，最接近地面的氣溫都是最高的，而海拔高度每上升一百八十公尺，氣溫就會降低<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="攝氏">攝氏</a>1度<sup id="cite_ref-王秀芝2013_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-王秀芝2013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg/220px-%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg/330px-%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg/440px-%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%AF%E5%8C%BA_Mount_Siguniang_Scenic_Area_45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a><figcaption>四川的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1" title="四姑娘山">四姑娘山</a>幺妹峰</figcaption></figure> <p>山對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a>的居住來說，較不適合，故大多數的人類偏向習慣居住於平坦的地面（除非必要性），因為山區的氣候通常較惡劣，且在受到地形的限制下，無法發展成較大的都市，但是坡度較緩的山區仍適合<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2" class="mw-disambig" title="農">耕種</a>。在高海拔地區，由於較缺乏<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氧氣">氧氣</a>和較容易受到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>傷害的關係，所以居住的人更是稀少。另外，四成至五成以上生活於低海拔地區的人一旦待在三千五百公尺以上的海拔高度超過數小時後都會造成<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E7%97%87" title="高山症">高山症</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（一種人體在高海拔地區由於氧氣濃度過低而出現的疾病）。 </p><p>在現代，山主要的用途是提供人類休閒或娛樂，而其它小用途有包括了伐木業、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A1%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="採礦業">採礦業</a>或放牧。有些山的山峰提供了美妙的景觀，能夠吸引觀光客前去參觀。而山峰之到達的可能性則受到了其高度、坡度、緯度、地形以及氣候等多種因素影響。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="路">公路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%9C%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="纜車">纜車</a>是使山峰之到達更為方便的常見設施。而山區提供給人類的娛樂包括了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%92%E6%AD%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="徒步">徒步</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="登山">登山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="露營">露營</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%80%E5%B2%A9" title="攀岩">攀岩</a>、攀冰、滑草、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="滑雪">滑雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%9D%BF%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="單板滑雪">單板滑雪</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生態"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.85.8B"></span>生態</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：生態"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="山地生態">山地生態</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GlarusAlps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GlarusAlps.jpg/220px-GlarusAlps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GlarusAlps.jpg/330px-GlarusAlps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GlarusAlps.jpg/440px-GlarusAlps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾卑斯山">阿爾卑斯山</a>上的沼澤濕地</figcaption></figure> <p>山腳和山頂的高度落差很大的山往往會有多樣的生態環境。從山腳下到山頂會因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>高度的不同而有不同的生態景觀或生物圈。其形成主要是因為在一特定高度範圍內的動植物群無法生活在該區域之上或之下（原因為氣候之不適應），導致該生物群僅出現在一座山的特定高度。總的來說，這就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="微氣候">微氣候</a>所造成的結果。 </p><p>山上較冷的氣候會影響居住在高山上的動植物，特定的動物植物一般會趨向生長在某一特定的氣候環境下，因此隨著海拔及氣候的不同，會出現不同的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系">生態系</a>，稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海拔區劃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Altitudinal_zonation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海拔區劃（页面不存在）">海拔區劃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation" class="extiw" title="en:Altitudinal zonation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Altitudinal_zonation</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在一些乾燥氣候的區域，山上的降雨較多及溫度較低，也加強了海拔區劃的情形<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlyth2002_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlyth2002-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merriam_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>有些海拔區劃中的植物及動物會只出現在某一區域中，因為海拔較高及較低的地區不適合動植物的遷徙及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物擴散" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biological dispersa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物擴散（页面不存在）">生物擴散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_dispersa" class="extiw" title="en:Biological dispersa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biological dispersa</span></a></span>）</span></span>l生長。這様的情形一般會稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="天空島">天空島</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>海拔區劃一般會有固定的形式。海拔最高的區域，樹木無法生長，不論是否有其他生命，這個區塊是阿爾卑斯氣候，土壤為<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="凍土層">凍土層</a><sup id="cite_ref-Merriam_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在樹木線下方是副阿爾卑斯氣候，會有耐寒耐乾的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9F%8F%E9%96%80" title="松柏門">松柏門</a>植物<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。海拔再低的區域有山地森林，一般仍以松柏門為主，但在熱帶地區，則會有<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="開花植物">開花植物</a>甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97" title="雨林">雨林</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="種類"><span id=".E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>山可以受到自然界中各種影響而有不同的外貌。有些山是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a>，其外貌受到其<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%BC%BF" title="岩漿">岩漿</a>的影響；有些受到其<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>作用的影響；有些則會受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="板塊">板塊</a>碰撞的影響。到最後，經過種種因素而形成不同的山依據其組成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>種類可以分成許多類型（以下舉出其中幾個例子）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="火山種類"><span id=".E7.81.AB.E5.B1.B1.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>火山種類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：火山種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="破火山口">破火山口</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="超級火山">超級火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%A3%E9%8C%90" title="火山渣錐">火山渣錐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E5%B9%B3%E9%A0%82%E5%B1%B1" title="海底平頂山">海底平頂山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰火山">冰火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A9%B9%E4%B8%98" title="火山穹丘">火山穹丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="泥火山">泥火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="盾狀火山">盾狀火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%82%E7%8A%B6%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="层状火山">层状火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="海底火山">海底火山</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="岩石種類"><span id=".E5.B2.A9.E7.9F.B3.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>岩石種類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：岩石種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%BC%BF%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="岩漿岩">岩漿岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E8%B3%AA%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="變質岩">變質岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A9%8D%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="沉積岩">沉積岩</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="世界高山"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E9.AB.98.E5.B1.B1"></span>世界高山</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：世界高山"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="山峰列表">山峰列表</a></div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="width:40em;"> <caption><b>地球上的高山</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>排名</th> <th><b>山名</b></th> <th><b>洲</b></th> <th><b>山脈</b></th> <th><b>海拔（m）</b></th> <th><b>所在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%8E%9B%E5%B3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="珠穆朗玛峰">珠穆朗玛峰</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="喜馬拉雅山脈">喜馬拉雅山脈</a></td> <td align="right">8,848<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B0" title="喬戈里峰">喬戈里峰</a>（K2）</td> <td>亞洲</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E5%B4%91%E5%B4%99%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="喀喇崑崙山脈">喀喇崑崙山脈</a></td> <td align="right">8,611<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E5%9F%8E%E7%AB%A0%E5%98%89%E5%B3%B0" title="干城章嘉峰">干城章嘉峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,586<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>/尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="洛子峰">洛子峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,516<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>中國/尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8D%A1%E9%AD%AF%E5%B3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="馬卡魯峰">馬卡魯峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,463</td> <td>中國/尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%93%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%8B%E5%B3%B0" title="卓奥友峰">卓奧友峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,201</td> <td>中國/尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B0" title="道拉吉里峰">道拉吉里峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,167</td> <td>尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%9B%A7%E5%B3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="馬納斯盧峰">馬納斯盧峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,163</td> <td>尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%BF%A6%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B0" title="南迦帕尔巴特峰">南迦帕爾巴特峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,125</td> <td>巴基斯坦 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%B3%B0" title="安纳布尔纳峰">安納布爾納峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,091</td> <td>尼泊爾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%88%92%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8I%E5%B3%B0" title="加舒尔布鲁木I峰">加舒爾布魯木I峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喀喇崑崙山脈</td> <td align="right">8,068</td> <td>中國/巴基斯坦 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B0" title="布洛阿特峰">布洛阿特峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喀喇崑崙山脈</td> <td align="right">8,047</td> <td>中國/巴基斯坦 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%88%92%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8II%E5%B3%B0" title="加舒尔布鲁木II峰">加舒爾布魯木II峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喀喇崑崙山脈</td> <td align="right">8,035</td> <td>巴基斯坦 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A4%8F%E9%82%A6%E9%A6%AC%E5%B3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="希夏邦馬峰">希夏邦馬峰</a>（高僧贊峰）</td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喜馬拉雅山脈</td> <td align="right">8,013</td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%88%92%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%9C%A8III%E5%B3%B0" title="加舒爾布魯木III峰">加舒爾布魯木III峰</a></td> <td>亞洲</td> <td>喀喇崑崙山脈</td> <td align="right">7,952</td> <td>巴基斯坦 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="腳註"><span id=".E8.85.B3.E8.A8.BB"></span>腳註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：腳註"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9428163">The 'Highest' Spot on Earth</a>. npr.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-11-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6EKscr9Tt?url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9428163">存档</a>于2013-02-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=The+%27Highest%27+Spot+on+Earth&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=npr.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D9428163&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">依1995年及2005年針對山頂的調查，是包括積雪的高度</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I-2782-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-I-2782_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2782/">Topographic Map of Mars | USGS I Map 2782</a>. Pubs.usgs.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428103144/http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2782/">存档</a>于2014-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=Topographic+Map+of+Mars+%26%23124%3B+USGS+I+Map+2782&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pubs.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fimap%2Fi2782%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zu, Kuiling; Wang, Zhiheng. Research progress on the elevational distribution of mountain species in response to climate change. Biodiversity Science. 2022-05-20, <b>30</b> (5): 21451. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17520%2Fbiods.2021451"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.17520/biods.2021451</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Research+progress+on+the+elevational+distribution+of+mountain+species+in+response+to+climate+change&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhiheng&rft.aufirst=Kuiling&rft.aulast=Zu&rft.date=2022-05-20&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+Science&rft.pages=21451&rft.volume=30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17520%2Fbiods.2021451&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerrard1990_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGerrard1990">Gerrard 1990</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFGerrard1990 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Whittow, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000whit_b9d8">Dictionary of Physical Geography</a>. London: Penguin. 1984: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000whit_b9d8/page/352">352</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-14-051094-X" title="Special:网络书源/0-14-051094-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-14-051094-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Whittow&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Physical+Geography&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-14-051094-X&rft.pages=352&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpenguindictionar0000whit_b9d8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Blyth, S., Groombridge, B., Lysenko, I., Miles, L. & Newton, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226124321/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf">Mountain Watch</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-02-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2009-02-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.au=Blyth%2C+S.%2C+Groombridge%2C+B.%2C+Lysenko%2C+I.%2C+Miles%2C+L.+%26+Newton%2C+A.&rft.btitle=Mountain+Watch&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNEP+World+Conservation+Monitoring+Centre%2C+Cambridge%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep-wcmc.org%2Fmountains%2Fmountain_watch%2Fpdfs%2FWholeReport.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlyth200214-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlyth200214_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlyth2002">Blyth 2002</a>，第14頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBlyth2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Panos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panos.org.uk/?lid=278">High Stakes</a>. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-02-17</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.au=Panos&rft.btitle=High+Stakes&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panos.org.uk%2F%3Flid%3D278&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007104411/http://www.wateryear2003.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D3903%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">International Year of Freshwater 2003</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wateryear2003.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3903&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">原始内容</a>存档于2006-10-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=International+Year+of+Freshwater+2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wateryear2003.org%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D3903%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709060421/http://www.mountain.org/mountains/whymtns.cfm?slidepage=water">The Mountain Institute</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountain.org/mountains/whymtns.cfm?slidepage=water">原始内容</a>存档于2006-07-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=The+Mountain+Institute&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountain.org%2Fmountains%2Fwhymtns.cfm%3Fslidepage%3Dwater&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lazaridis, Mihalis. First Principles of Meteorology and Air Pollution. Springer. 2010: 70. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9400701618" title="Special:网络书源/978-9400701618"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-9400701618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=Mihalis&rft.aulast=Lazaridis&rft.btitle=First+Principles+of+Meteorology+and+Air+Pollution&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-9400701618&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lutgens, Frederick K.; Tarbuck, Edward J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atmosphereintrod0000lutg_q2e6">The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology</a>. Prentice Hall. 1998: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atmosphereintrod0000lutg_q2e6/page/15">15</a>–17, 30–35, 38–40. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-13-742974-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-13-742974-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-13-742974-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.au=Tarbuck%2C+Edward+J.&rft.aufirst=Frederick+K.&rft.aulast=Lutgens&rft.btitle=The+Atmosphere%3A+An+Introduction+to+Meteorology&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-13-742974-6&rft.pages=15-17%2C+30-35%2C+38-40&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatmosphereintrod0000lutg_q2e6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-王秀芝2013-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-王秀芝2013_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">王秀芝. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_AAwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT34">植物百科（中国儿童课外必读）</a>. Green Apple Data Center. 27 November 2013: 34– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-29</span>]</span>. GGKEY:4D9UJETK56B. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705125437/http://books.google.com/books?id=_AAwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT34">存档</a>于2014-07-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E7%A7%80%E8%8A%9D&rft.btitle=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E8%AF%BE%E5%A4%96%E5%BF%85%E8%AF%BB%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=34-&rft.pub=Green+Apple+Data+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_AAwAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT34&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/8/17/n1424737.htm">高地旅遊藏風險 7成2山難因高山症</a>. Epochtimes.com. 2006-08-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184229/http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/8/17/n1424737.htm">存档</a>于2014-04-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E8%97%8F%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA+7%E6%88%902%E5%B1%B1%E9%9B%A3%E5%9B%A0%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E7%97%87&rft.date=2006-08-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Epochtimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epochtimes.com%2Fb5%2F6%2F8%2F17%2Fn1424737.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Daubenmire, R.F. Vegetational Zonation in the Rocky Mountains. Botanical Review. June 1943, <b>9</b> (6): 325–393. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02872481"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/BF02872481</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Vegetational+Zonation+in+the+Rocky+Mountains&rft.aufirst=R.F.&rft.aulast=Daubenmire&rft.date=1943-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Review&rft.pages=325-393&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02872481&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlyth2002-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlyth2002_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlyth2002">Blyth 2002</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBlyth2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merriam-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6EBRUtV6A?url=http://cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/merriam.htm">Biotic Communities of the Colorado Plateau: C. Hart Merriam and the Life Zones Concept</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/merriam.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013年2月4日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.btitle=Biotic+Communities+of+the+Colorado+Plateau%3A+C.+Hart+Merriam+and+the+Life+Zones+Concept&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpluhna.nau.edu%2FBiota%2Fmerriam.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tweit, Susan J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatsouthwestna0000twei">The Great Southwest Nature Factbook</a>. Alaska Northwest Books. 1992: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatsouthwestna0000twei/page/209">209</a>–210. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-88240-434-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-88240-434-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-88240-434-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=Susan+J.&rft.aulast=Tweit&rft.btitle=The+Great+Southwest+Nature+Factbook&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-88240-434-2&rft.pages=209-210&rft.pub=Alaska+Northwest+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatsouthwestna0000twei&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Tree. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003. Microsoft Corporation. 2002 [1993]. 60210-442-1635445-74407.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Tree&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Encarta+Reference+Library+2003&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Microsoft+Corporation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8608913.stm">Nepal and China agree on Mount Everest's height</a>. BBC News. 8 April 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303133522/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8608913.stm">存档</a>于2012-03-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Nepal+and+China+agree+on+Mount+Everest%27s+height&rft.date=2010-04-08&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F8608913.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/309107/K2">K2</a>. Britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503165158/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/309107/K2">存档</a>于2015-05-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=K2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F309107%2FK2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">干城章嘉峰高度的資訊隨資料來源而不同，常見的有8,598米（28,209英尺）及8,586米（28,169英尺）。在尼泊爾官方的1:50,000地圖上，列出較低的高度，因此這裡也比照處理</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">有時會列8,501公尺，但中國及尼泊爾的官方地圖都列8,516 m</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031006111652/http://home.comcast.net/~igpl/Mountains.html">Mountains of the Earth</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBlythGroombridge,_B.Lysenko,_I.Miles,_L.2002" class="citation web">Blyth, S.; Groombridge, B.; Lysenko, I.; Miles, L.; Newton, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226124321/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf">Mountain Watch</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK. 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2009]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2009年2月26日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B1%B1&rft.au=Groombridge%2C+B.&rft.au=Lysenko%2C+I.&rft.au=Miles%2C+L.&rft.au=Newton%2C+A.&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.aulast=Blyth&rft.btitle=Mountain+Watch&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNEP+World+Conservation+Monitoring+Centre%2C+Cambridge%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep-wcmc.org%2Fmountains%2Fmountain_watch%2Fpdfs%2FWholeReport.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="selfreference"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95/%E5%B1%B1" title="Special:前缀索引/山">名稱以「山」開頭的所有条目</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="山脉列表">山脉列表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8502" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q8502"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E6%96%B9%E8%BC%BF%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%85%B8/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%BD%E9%83%A8#山" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/方輿彙編/山川典/山川總部">欽定古今圖書集成·方輿彙編·山川典·山川總部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E6%96%B9%E8%BC%BF%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%85%B8/%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%BD%E9%83%A8#山" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/方輿彙編/山川典/山總部">欽定古今圖書集成·方輿彙編·山川典·山總部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地形" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="Template:地形"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="Template talk:地形"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地形"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地形" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地形</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">陸地地形</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="高原">高原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0" title="台地">台地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="盆地">盆地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="山地 (地形)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="山地"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山地 (地形)（页面不存在）">山地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:山地"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">山地</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98" title="丘">丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">海底地形</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%9E%B6" title="大陆架">大陸架</a>（大陸坡）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%8B%E8%84%8A" title="中洋脊">中洋脊</a>（大洋中脊）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%86" title="海盆">海盆</a>（海洋盆地）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B2%9F" title="海沟">海溝</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a>（地形学）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地貌学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A6FFCC;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:地貌学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:地貌学（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地貌学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地貌学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">学科与分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F5F5F5;">根据<b>形成地表起伏形态</b>的<b>主导营力</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="气候地貌学">气候地貌学</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="构造地貌学">构造地貌学</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F5F5F5;">根据<b>研究对象</b>及其<b>应用范围</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="动力地貌学">动力地貌学</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="应用地貌学">应用地貌学</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">历史与<b>发展</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">古代（《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E6%BA%AA%E7%AC%94%E8%B0%88" title="梦溪笔谈">梦溪笔谈</a>》）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 近代（<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="板块构造论">板块构造论</a></b>）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 现代（<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="板块构造论">板块构造论</a></b>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">主体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌体（页面不存在）">地貌体</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地貌形体</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地形</a>）</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">/</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地貌形体</a><b>空间单元</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星形地貌形体（页面不存在）">星形地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨地貌形体（页面不存在）">巨地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大地貌形体（页面不存在）">大地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中地貌形体（页面不存在）">中地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小地貌形体（页面不存在）">小地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微地貌形体（页面不存在）">微地貌形体</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">地貌<b>形体要素</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌面（页面不存在）">地貌面</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌线（页面不存在）">地貌线</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌点（页面不存在）">地貌点</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌形体表述（页面不存在）">地貌形体表述</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">文学表述，数字参数表述</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">地貌形体的<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="地图">地图</a>表示</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%9B%BE" title="地形图">地形图</a></b>表示，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E9%97%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专门地貌图（页面不存在）">专门地貌图</a></b>的地貌表示</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">类型与结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌类型（页面不存在）">地貌类型</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌结构（页面不存在）">地貌结构</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">研究对象与内容</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">是研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="地球表面">地球表面</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理景观（页面不存在）">地理景观</a>的形体特征，形成这些形体的内外动力作用及过程，组成这些形体的物质的理化性质及其与动力的协作关系，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="地貌">地貌</a><br />随时间推移的演变规律，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌内部结构（页面不存在）">地貌内部结构</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E8%A7%84%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌空间分布规律（页面不存在）">地貌空间分布规律</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">發育作用力</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内动力作用（页面不存在）">内动力作用</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">地球内部<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%BD" title="热能">热能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="化学能">化学能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="重力能">重力能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="地球自转">地球自转</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="地球公转">地球公转</a>）产生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="作用力">作用力</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外动力作用（页面不存在）">外动力作用</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="风化">风化</a></b>（物理•化学•生物），<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="剥蚀">剥蚀</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="沉积">沉积</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">人类行为与活动影响（第三地貌动力）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">作用方式<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 干预方式</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内外地貌动力动力相互作用（页面不存在）">内外地貌动力动力相互作用</a>之情况</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">/</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">影响因素</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="气候">气候</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="构造运动">构造运动</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>影响</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>地貌</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%82%E8%B4%A8%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砂质岩石（页面不存在）">砂质岩石</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%9C%9E%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" title="丹霞地貌">丹霞地貌</a></b>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1%E7%A0%82%E5%B2%A9%E5%B3%B0%E6%9E%97%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石英砂岩峰林地貌（页面不存在）">石英砂岩峰林地貌</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%97%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="花岗岩">花岗岩</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%97%E5%B2%A9%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花岗岩地貌（页面不存在）">花岗岩地貌</a>（花岗岩峰林，花岗岩丘陵），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武岩地貌（页面不存在）">玄武岩地貌</a>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E6%9F%B1%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武岩石柱林（页面不存在）">玄武岩石柱林</a>（如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="巨人之路">巨人之路</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南定岛（页面不存在）">南定岛</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武岩台地（页面不存在）">玄武岩台地</a> ]</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%BA%B6%E6%80%A7%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可溶性岩石（页面不存在）">可溶性岩石</a>地貌</b>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="岩溶地貌">岩溶地貌</a></b>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%8A%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石芽（页面不存在）">石芽</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶沟（页面不存在）">溶沟</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E6%B0%B4%E6%B4%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="落水洞">落水洞</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B2%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盲谷（页面不存在）">盲谷</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="干谷">干谷</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E6%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶斗（页面不存在）">溶斗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E6%B4%BC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩溶洼地（页面不存在）">岩溶洼地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩溶盆地（页面不存在）">岩溶盆地</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E4%B8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰丛（页面不存在）">峰丛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰林（页面不存在）">峰林</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A4%E5%B3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孤峰（页面不存在）">孤峰</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩溶丘陵（页面不存在）">岩溶丘陵</a>；<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9E%E7%A9%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洞穴地貌（页面不存在）">洞穴地貌</a></b>；<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%99%E5%8D%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钙华地貌（页面不存在）">钙华地貌</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD%E5%B2%A9" title="碳酸鹽岩">碳酸盐岩</a>景观（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪纳瑞克山区（页面不存在）">迪纳瑞克山区</a>），岩溶洞穴通道系统（如：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%8A%B8%E6%B4%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猛犸洞">猛犸洞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83" title="尼亚加拉瀑布">尼亚加拉瀑布</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" title="黄土地貌">黄土地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">（如：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="黄土高原">黄土高原</a>）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%A1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土塬（页面不存在）">黄土塬</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%A2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土墚（页面不存在）">黄土墚</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%B3%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土峁（页面不存在）">黄土峁</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%9D%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土坪（页面不存在）">黄土坪</a>；<i>地貌形体</i>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切沟（页面不存在）">切沟</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E6%B2%9F" title="冲沟">冲沟</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干沟（页面不存在）">干沟</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河沟（页面不存在）">河沟</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%A2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土墹（页面不存在）">黄土墹</a>；<i><b>空间组合</b>类型</i>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土山地（页面不存在）">黄土山地</a>、丘陵与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%BD%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宽谷（页面不存在）">宽谷</a>、丘陵与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%B7%E4%B8%AD%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谷中谷（页面不存在）">谷中谷</a>、丘陵与<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9D%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="溝谷">沟谷</a>、黄土塬与沟谷</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">生物岩地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B8%E7%A4%81" title="岸礁">岸礁</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A1%E7%A4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="堡礁">堡礁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%A4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="环礁">环礁</a>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E7%A4%81" title="珊瑚礁">珊瑚礁</a></b>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内动力地貌（页面不存在）">内动力地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><b>大陆裂谷</b>与<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造山系（页面不存在）">构造山系</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球构造山系（页面不存在）">全球构造山系</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%A3%82%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大陆裂谷（页面不存在）">大陆裂谷</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水平构造地貌（页面不存在）">水平构造地貌</a></b>与<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单斜构造地貌（页面不存在）">单斜构造地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">水平：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="方山">方山</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%8C%E7%8A%B6%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桌状台地（页面不存在）">桌状台地</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%A1%B6%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平顶高地（页面不存在）">平顶高地</a>；单斜：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%82%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩层三角面（页面不存在）">岩层三角面</a>（另有：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%82%E6%A2%AF%E5%BD%A2%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩层梯形面（页面不存在）">岩层梯形面</a>、三角面）与<a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E9%99%A1%E5%B4%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V字形陡崖（页面不存在）">V字形陡崖</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%B1%B1" title="單面山">单面山</a>地貌（另有：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造台地（页面不存在）">构造台地</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E8%83%8C%E5%B2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="猪背岭">猪背岭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%90%91%E5%9D%A1" title="順向坡">顺向坡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单斜谷（页面不存在）">单斜谷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逆向坡（页面不存在）">逆向坡</a>）；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%8A%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格状河系（页面不存在）">格状河系</a>（谷地系统）（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%BA%E5%90%91%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顺向河（页面不存在）">顺向河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%90%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次成河（页面不存在）">次成河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逆向河（页面不存在）">逆向河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%8D%E9%A1%BA%E5%90%91%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="再顺向河（页面不存在）">再顺向河</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;">褶皱构造地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%A4%B6%E6%9B%B2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原生褶曲构造地貌（页面不存在）">原生褶曲构造地貌</a></b>[长轴褶皱平行岭谷；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%92%E7%BD%AE%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倒置地貌（页面不存在）">倒置地貌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%96%9C%E8%B0%B7" title="向斜谷">向斜谷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%8C%E6%96%9C%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="背斜谷（页面不存在）">背斜谷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%90%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次成山（页面不存在）">次成山</a>）]，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%AD%E8%BD%B4%E8%A4%B6%E6%9B%B2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="短轴褶曲构造地貌形体（页面不存在）">短轴褶曲构造地貌形体</a></b>{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%BE%E4%BC%8F%E8%83%8C%E6%96%9C%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倾伏背斜山（页面不存在）">倾伏背斜山</a>（如<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B1%B1" title="庐山">庐山</a>北部的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%88%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大月山（页面不存在）">大月山</a>），倾伏褶曲山岭，倒置地貌[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%B9%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="船形山（页面不存在）">船形山</a>（类似<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="方山">方山</a>）]}，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E8%BD%B4%EF%BC%88%E7%A9%B9%E7%AA%BF%EF%BC%89%E8%A4%B6%E6%9B%B2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等轴（穹窿）褶曲构造地貌（页面不存在）">等轴（穹窿）褶曲构造地貌</a></b>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%99%B6%E7%9B%90%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结晶盐山丛（页面不存在）">结晶盐山丛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E7%8E%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单斜环形山岭（页面不存在）">单斜环形山岭</a>和谷地）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">断层</a>构造地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E5%B4%96%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断层崖地貌（页面不存在）">断层崖地貌</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断层谷地貌（页面不存在）">断层谷地貌</a></b>（如：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A0%91%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地堑谷（页面不存在）">地堑谷</a>），<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%9D%97%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断块山地地貌（页面不存在）">断块山地地貌</a></b>（如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B1%B1" title="庐山">庐山</a>局部）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩浆活动构造地貌（页面不存在）">岩浆活动构造地貌</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="火山活動">火山活动</a>构造地貌形体（<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%8C%90" title="火山錐">火山锥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="火山口">火山口</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;">活动构造地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新构造运动（页面不存在）">新构造运动</a>；</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外动力地貌（页面不存在）">外动力地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流水地貌（页面不存在）">流水地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#87CEEB;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4" title="流水">流水</a>作用</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="侵蚀">侵蚀</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%90%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="运移（页面不存在）">运移</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="沉积">沉积</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#87CEEB;">地貌类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9D%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="溝谷">沟谷</a>流水地貌</b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="河谷">河谷</a>流水地貌</b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a>地区地貌</b>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a></b>），<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B0%B7%EF%BC%89%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河（谷）系（页面不存在）">河（谷）系</a>的发育</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB" title="水系">水系</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="坡地">坡地</a>重力地貌</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F4A460;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="坡地">坡地</a>系统</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="坡地">坡地</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F4A460;">地貌类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="崩塌">崩塌</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="滑坡">滑坡</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%A9" title="山崩">山崩</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%99%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="错落（页面不存在）">错落</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0%E8%A0%95%E5%8A%A8" title="坡地蠕动">坡地蠕动</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰川作用（页面不存在）">冰川作用</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%BA%AA%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="第四纪冰期">第四纪冰期</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">冰川的分类与类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%B3%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山岳冰川（页面不存在）">山岳冰川</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%B0%B7%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="山谷冰川">山谷冰川</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%AC%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悬冰川（页面不存在）">悬冰川</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%96%97%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰斗冰川">冰斗冰川</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%A1%B6%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平顶冰川（页面不存在）">平顶冰川</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E9%BA%93%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山麓冰川（页面不存在）">山麓冰川</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸冰川">大陆冰川</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">冰川作用与地貌形体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰蚀作用（页面不存在）">冰蚀作用</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E8%9A%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰蚀地貌（页面不存在）">冰蚀地貌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%96%97" title="冰斗">冰斗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%B3%B0" title="角峰">角峰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%83%E8%84%8A" title="刃脊">刃脊</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰川谷（页面不存在）">冰川谷</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E7%A2%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰碛地貌（页面不存在）">冰碛地貌</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻土</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻土</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻融作用</a>（均参见“<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻土</a>”），<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冻土地貌形体（页面不存在）">冻土地貌形体</a></b>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石海（页面不存在）">石海</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="石河">石河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造土（页面不存在）">构造土</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%A0%B8%E4%B8%98" title="冰核丘">冰核丘</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E4%B8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰丘（页面不存在）">冰丘</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E8%9E%8D%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热融地貌（页面不存在）">热融地貌</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%B2%99" title="風沙">风沙</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀地貌（页面不存在）">风蚀地貌</a>形体（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E6%B4%BC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀洼地（页面不存在）">风蚀洼地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E8%98%91%E8%8F%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀蘑菇（页面不存在）">风蚀蘑菇</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀柱（页面不存在）">风蚀柱</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀城堡（页面不存在）">风蚀城堡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀谷（页面不存在）">风蚀谷</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E4%B8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀丘（页面不存在）">风蚀丘</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀雅丹（页面不存在）">风蚀雅丹</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E7%A7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风积地貌（页面不存在）">风积地貌</a>形体（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙丘地貌（页面不存在）">沙丘地貌</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风力作用（页面不存在）">风力作用</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀作用（页面不存在）">风蚀作用</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E7%A7%AF%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风积作用（页面不存在）">风积作用</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%92%E6%BC%A0" title="荒漠">荒漠</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海岸">海岸</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">海岸地貌（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%A0%86%E7%A7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸堆积地貌（页面不存在）">海岸堆积地貌</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海岸">海岸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="沙洲">沙洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="潟湖">潟湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%A0%91%E6%9E%97" title="红树林">红树林</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A" title="珊瑚">珊瑚</a>海岸</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="人工">人工</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0" title="梯田">梯田</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%9F%BA%E9%B1%BC%E5%A1%98" title="桑基鱼塘">桑基鱼塘</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%AB%E6%B5%B7(%E6%B9%96)%E9%80%A0%E9%99%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="填海(湖)造陆（页面不存在）">填海(湖)造陆</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="填海">填海</a>)，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水库">水库</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E6%B7%A4%E6%B3%A5%E5%9D%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土淤泥坝（页面不存在）">黄土淤泥坝</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地外动力地貌（页面不存在）">地外动力地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="隕石坑">隕石坑</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隕石平原（页面不存在）">隕石平原</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%B1%B1" title="隕石山">隕石山</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="電離">電離</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> </b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> </b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="射线">射線</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> </b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="区域地貌（页面不存在）">区域地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">山地</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><b>山地</b></i>：单元（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">山峰</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山岭（页面不存在）">山岭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="山脉">山脉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%9F" title="山原">山原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%B3%BB" title="山系">山系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="山地地区">山地地区</a>）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>结构</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%A0%82" class="mw-disambig" title="山頂">山顶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="山坡">山坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%BA%93" title="山麓">山麓</a>）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 要素<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>特征</b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>形成与发展</b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 分类[按<br /><b>高度和形态</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="低山">低山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6)" title="中山 (地貌学)">中山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="高山">高山</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极高山（页面不存在）">极高山</a>；按<b>成因</b>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造山地（页面不存在）">构造山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩浆活动山地（页面不存在）">岩浆活动山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侵蚀切割山地（页面不存在）">侵蚀切割山地</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%A5%E8%9A%80%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剥蚀山地（页面不存在）">剥蚀山地</a>）；按<b>组成物质</b>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩浆岩山地（页面不存在）">岩浆岩山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉积岩山地（页面不存在）">沉积岩山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E8%B4%A8%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="变质岩山地（页面不存在）">变质岩山地</a>）/<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">形态分类：（据<b>高度和形态指标</b>分类）<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="高平原">高平原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="低平原">低平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洼地平原（页面不存在）">洼地平原</a>，（据<b>表面起伏形态</b>分类）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%A6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平坦平原（页面不存在）">平坦平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%8A%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波状平原（页面不存在）">波状平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%BE%E6%96%9C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倾斜平原（页面不存在）">倾斜平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B8%E7%8A%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凸状平原（页面不存在）">凸状平原</a>；成因分类：（按照<b>内动力对地壳作用的强度和性质，及外营力相应作用效果和持久时间</b>划分）构造面平原、缓慢上升剥蚀型平原、缓慢下沉补偿型平原、不等量上升与下沉共建的平原；外动力作用分类：<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖成平原（页面不存在）">湖成平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海成平原（页面不存在）">海成平原</a>、冰川及冰水作用形成的平原、沙丘覆盖的平原</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="高原">高原</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">据地貌形体；据空间位置：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E9%97%B4%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山间高原（页面不存在）">山间高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E8%BE%B9%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山边高原（页面不存在）">山边高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%8C%E7%8A%B6%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桌状高原（页面不存在）">桌状高原</a>；据内外力和岩性：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%86%E8%B5%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隆起高原（页面不存在）">隆起高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%94%E5%B2%A9%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熔岩高原（页面不存在）">熔岩高原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="黄土高原">黄土高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%AA%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰雪高原（页面不存在）">冰雪高原</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="盆地">盆地</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="塔里木盆地">塔里木盆地</a>地貌、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="刚果盆地">刚果盆地</a>地貌等</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98" class="mw-redirect" title="大陆边缘">大陆边缘</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%9E%B6" title="大陆架">大陆架</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9D%A1" title="大陆坡">大陆坡</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%B2%9B" title="大陆岛">大陆岛</a>（冲蚀岛、构造岛），<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9F%BA" title="大陆基">大陆基</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%8B%E5%BA%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洋底（页面不存在）">洋底</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">形体：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B2%9F" title="海沟">海沟</a>地貌，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%9B%E5%AD%A4%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岛孤地貌（页面不存在）">岛孤地貌</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%86" title="海盆">海盆</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中央海岭（页面不存在）">中央海岭</a>，平顶山峰；各大洋底地貌</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">分支学科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="冻土学">冻土学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤地理学">土壤地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="旅游地理学">旅游地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6" title="地图学">地图学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="地名学">地名学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论地理学">理论地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="区域地理学">区域地理学</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8502#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8502#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8502#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Berg"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4144619-7">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548306605171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mountains"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85087823">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000059492&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="hory"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120812&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300008795">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=31246">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10647488">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=山&oldid=84847037">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=山&oldid=84847037</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B1%B1" title="Category:山">山</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="Category:地理术语">地理术语</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="Category:地球地壳">地球地壳</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2024%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2024年11月带有失效链接的条目">自2024年11月带有失效链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABEMU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目">包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNARA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月4日 (星期一) 08:15。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1&variant=zh&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-dgj66","wgBackendResponseTime":208,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.614","walltime":"0.782","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3526,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":184997,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1660,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":48815,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":15,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 618.744 1 -total"," 25.30% 156.535 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.61% 108.933 1 Template:Wikisource_further_reading"," 15.07% 93.237 2 Template:Navbox"," 10.14% 62.728 1 Template:地形"," 10.02% 62.006 10 Template:Cite_web"," 10.00% 61.872 2 Template:Hatnote"," 9.13% 56.508 1 Template:Otheruses"," 8.25% 51.032 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.53% 34.230 1 Template:NoteTA"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.352","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8345868,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBlyth,_S.,_Groombridge,_B.,_Lysenko,_I.,_Miles,_L._\u0026amp;_Newton,_A.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlythGroombridge,_B.Lysenko,_I.Miles,_L.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaubenmire1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaridis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutgensTarbuck1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPanos2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTweit1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittow1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZuWang2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF王秀芝2013\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"-\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 10,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Link-en\"] = 5,\n [\"Lookfrom\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"NoteTA\"] = 1,\n [\"Otheruses\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Wikisource further reading\"] = 1,\n [\"地形\"] = 1,\n [\"地貌学\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-7gpqk","timestamp":"20241127131337","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u5c71","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B1%B1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8502","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8502","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-28T02:57:23Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T08:15:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e7\/Everest_North_Face_toward_Base_Camp_Tibet_Luca_Galuzzi_2006.jpg","headline":"\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5730\u5f62\u9661\u5ced\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5730\u8c8c"}</script> </body> </html>