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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Post U.S.-Iraq War construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_U.S.-Iraq_War_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Material_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Material culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Material_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Balawat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بلاوات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلاوات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imgur-Enlil_(Balawat)" title="Imgur-Enlil (Balawat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Imgur-Enlil (Balawat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بلاوات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلاوات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%AA" title="בלאוואת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלאוואת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بلاوات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلاوات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="バラワット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バラワット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بەلاوات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەلاوات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat" title="Balawat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balawat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بلاوات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلاوات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balawat,_Muddebihal" 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Balawat&params=36_13_46_N_43_24_12_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°13′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">43°24′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.22944°N 43.40333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.22944; 43.40333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Assyrian archaeological site in Iraq</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Balawat</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">ܒܝܬ ܠܒܬ</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Villes_assyriennes.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Villes_assyriennes.PNG/250px-Villes_assyriennes.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Villes_assyriennes.PNG/330px-Villes_assyriennes.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Villes_assyriennes.PNG/500px-Villes_assyriennes.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="807" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balawat is located in Iraq"><img alt="Balawat is located in Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/250px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/375px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/500px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.812%;left:47.651%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Balawat"><img alt="Balawat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Iraq</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label">Northern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Balawat&params=36_13_46_N_43_24_12_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°13′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">43°24′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.22944°N 43.40333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.22944; 43.40333</span></span></span></a></span></span> on</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Excavation dates</th><td class="infobox-data">1878, 1956, 1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archaeologists</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hormuzd_Rassam" title="Hormuzd Rassam">Hormuzd Rassam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Mallowan" title="Max Mallowan">M. Mallowan</a>, D.J. Tucker</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Balawat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Syriac_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Syriac language">Classical Syriac</a>: <span lang="syc" dir="rtl">ܒܝܬ ܠܒܬ</span>, <i><span title="Classical Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syc-Latn">beṯ labat</i></span></i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological site</a> of the ancient Assyrian city of Imgur-Enlil, and modern village in <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineveh Province">Nineveh Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>). It lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast from the city of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south of the modern <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Bakhdida" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhdida">Bakhdida</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_name">Ancient name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balawat is the site of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> city of Imgur-Enlil. The meaning of Imgur-Enlil is "Enlil agreed". Note that there was also a wall in ancient <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> named Imgur-Enlil.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_archaeological_research">History of archaeological research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of archaeological research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png/220px-Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png/330px-Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png/440px-Balawat_Excavation_Plan_1882.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Balawat Excavation Plan 1882</figcaption></figure> <p>The site was excavated in 1878 by archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Hormuzd_Rassam" title="Hormuzd Rassam">Hormuzd Rassam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site was again excavated by <a href="/wiki/Max_Mallowan" title="Max Mallowan">Max Mallowan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/British_School_of_Archaeology_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="British School of Archaeology in Iraq">British School of Archaeology in Iraq</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A surface survey was conducted by D. J. Tucker in 1989 for the British Museum. The town walls enclosed an area of around 64 hectares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupation_history">Occupation history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occupation history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Imgur-Enlil was founded by the Neo-Assyrian king <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a> (884-859 BC). It lay 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) up the Derrah river from the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, where the city of <a href="/wiki/Kalhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalhu">Kalhu</a> (Biblical <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calah" class="mw-redirect" title="Calah">Calah</a>) was situated. Imgur-Enlil lay between the major Neo-Assyrian cities of <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrapha" title="Arrapha">Arrapha</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>) in the southeast along the royal Neo-Assyrian road. Ashurnasirpal II had already transferred the capital from <a href="/wiki/Assur" title="Assur">Assur</a> to Kalhu, and the foundation of Imgur-Enlil may have been a further step to knit up the Neo-Assyrian empire. Construction at the site continued under Ashurnasirpal II's son <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a>. The city existed for about two and a half centuries but was, like most Neo-Assyrian cities, sacked and destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonians">Babylonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> during the fall of the Neo-Assyrian empire 614-605 BC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_U.S.-Iraq_War_construction">Post U.S.-Iraq War construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post U.S.-Iraq War construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2004, the village had roads constructed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, which connected the modern Assyrian village to the ancient Assyrian city of <a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Kalhu</a> and the village of <a href="/wiki/Bakhdida" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhdida">Bakhdida</a> (Al Hamdaniyah.) The project was dubbed "Ninewa Village Roads Project" and was funded by the U.S. government. The contract to build the roads was given to the Ashour General Construction Contracting Company and cost $1,120,000.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Material_culture">Material culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Material culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg/250px-Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg/330px-Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg/500px-Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a> fragments of the Balawat Gates. (Top) Syrian porters in long robes and conical hats carry tribute to the Assyrian camp. (Bottom) Assyrian soldiers carry logs as they march through a hilly, forested landscape.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aside from temples and palace buildings, the most important artifacts discovered there were the so-called <a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a>. The gates measured about 20 feet in height and belonged to the temple of Mamu, the god of dreams. These were made up of bronze bands attached through nails to two wooden gates of the palace. The bronze bands depict a sacrifice and war scenes from the campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian king <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a> (859-824 BC), and were the first depictions of landscape elements (such as trees and mountains) in Assyrian art.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="List of cities of the ancient Near East">List of cities of the ancient Near East</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAl-Rawi1985" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Rawi, Farouk N. H. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200228">"Nabopolassar's Restoration Work on the Wall "Imgur-Enlil" at Babylon"</a>. <i>Iraq</i>. <b>47</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4200228">10.2307/4200228</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-0889">0021-0889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200228">4200228</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191498691">191498691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.atitle=Nabopolassar%27s+Restoration+Work+on+the+Wall+%22Imgur-Enlil%22+at+Babylon&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1985&rft.issn=0021-0889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191498691%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200228%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4200228&rft.aulast=Al-Rawi&rft.aufirst=Farouk+N.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalawat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/transactionssoc03nashgoog">[1]</a>Hormuzd Rassam, "Excavations and discoveries in Assyria", In: Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. 7, pp. 37-58, 1882</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/transactionssoc03nashgoog">[2]</a>Theophilus G. Pinches, " The bronze gates discovered by Mr. Rassam at Balawat", In: Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. 7, pp. 83-118, 1882</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/asshurlandofnimr00rass">[3]</a>Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers, Asshur and the land of Nimrod, Curts & Jennings, 1897</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOates1974" class="citation journal cs1">Oates, David (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4199984">"Balawat (Imgur Enlil): The Site and Its Buildings"</a>. <i>Iraq</i>. <b>36</b> (1/2): <span class="nowrap">173–</span>178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4199984">10.2307/4199984</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-0889">0021-0889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4199984">4199984</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192082396">192082396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.atitle=Balawat+%28Imgur+Enlil%29%3A+The+Site+and+Its+Buildings&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.date=1974&rft.issn=0021-0889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192082396%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4199984%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4199984&rft.aulast=Oates&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4199984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalawat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516230337/http://www.sigir.mil/reports/pdf/assessments/PA-06-035_Ninewa_Village_Roads.pdf">"Ninewa Village RoadsProject"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigir.mil/reports/pdf/assessments/PA-06-035_Ninewa_Village_Roads.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ninewa+Village+RoadsProject&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigir.mil%2Freports%2Fpdf%2Fassessments%2FPA-06-035_Ninewa_Village_Roads.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalawat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTucker1994" class="citation journal cs1">Tucker, D. J. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200388">"Representations of Imgur-Enlil on the Balawat Gates"</a>. <i>Iraq</i>. <b>56</b>: <span class="nowrap">107–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4200388">10.2307/4200388</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-0889">0021-0889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200388">4200388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.atitle=Representations+of+Imgur-Enlil+on+the+Balawat+Gates&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0021-0889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200388%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4200388&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalawat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Billerbeck, A./Delitzsch, F., "Die Palasttore Salmanassars II von Balawat", Erklärung ihrerBilder und Inschriften, BA 6/1, Leipzig, 1908</li> <li>J.E. Curtis et al., "The Balawat Gates of Ashurnasirpal II", British Museum Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-1166-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-1166-7">978-0-7141-1166-7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/zumbronzetorvonb00unge">[4]</a>Unger, Eckhard, "Zum Bronzetor von Balawat, Beiträge zur Erklärung und Deutung der assyrischen Inschriften und Reliefs Salmanassars III", Leipzig, Pfeiffer, 1913</li> <li>Léonard W. King, "Bronze Reliefs from the Gates of Shalmanezer. King of Assyria BC 860-825", Longman's & Company, 1915</li> <li>Seton Lloyd, "Foundations in the Dust", 1947 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500050385" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500050385">978-0500050385</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/id?1524508">[5]</a> Theophilus G Pinches and Walter de Gray Birch, The bronze ornaments of the palace gates of Balawat (Shalmaneser II, B.C. 859-825) edited, with an introduction by Walter de Gray Birch ; with descriptions and translations by Theophilus G. Pinches, Society of Great Russell Street, 1902</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-20559732">[6]</a>Theophilus G Pinches, "The Balawat Gates and Their Relation to Assyrian Art", The American Art Review, vol. 1, pp. 527-535, 1880</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balawat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/38041/fragments-of-bands-from-a-gate/">Bronze relief fragment at the Walters Art Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nineveh_Plains" title="Template:Nineveh Plains"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nineveh_Plains" title="Template talk:Nineveh Plains"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nineveh_Plains" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nineveh Plains"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nineveh_Plains_in_Nineveh_Governorate,_northern_Iraq123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh Governorate</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamdaniya_District" title="Al-Hamdaniya District">Al-Hamdaniya District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh" title="Qaraqosh">Qaraqosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartella" title="Bartella">Bartella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamlesh" title="Karamlesh">Karamlesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashiqa" title="Bashiqa">Bashiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahzani" title="Bahzani">Bahzani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Kaif_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Kaif District">Tel Kaif District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Keppe" title="Tel Keppe">Tel Keppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alqosh" title="Alqosh">Alqosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batnaya" title="Batnaya">Batnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesqopa" title="Tesqopa">Tesqopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqofah" title="Baqofah">Baqofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafiya" title="Sharafiya">Sharafiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozan,_Iraq" title="Bozan, Iraq">Bozan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatarah" title="Khatarah">Khatarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shekhan_District" title="Shekhan District">Shekhan District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Sifni" title="Ain Sifni">Ain Sifni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashqotan" title="Dashqotan">Dashqotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasrok,_Iraq" title="Qasrok, Iraq">Qasrok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27adra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'adra">Ba'adra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg/250px-Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg/330px-Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg/500px-Nineveh_Plains_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="1249" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Christian68" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_and_monasteries_in_Nineveh" title="List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabban_Hormizd_Monastery" title="Rabban Hormizd Monastery">Rabban Hormizd Monastery</a> (640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Oraha_Monastery" title="Mar Oraha Monastery">Mar Oraha Monastery</a> (6th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum#Tomb" title="Nahum">Tomb of Prophet Nahum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Behnam_Monastery" title="Mar Behnam Monastery">Mar Behnam Monastery</a> (4th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Mattai_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Mattai Monastery">Mar Mattai Monastery</a> (363)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_John_of_Dailam" title="Monastery of Saint John of Dailam">Monastery of Saint John of Dailam</a> (7th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lalish" title="Lalish">Lalish</a> (1414)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibaniba" title="Shibaniba">Shibaniba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrud" title="Nimrud">Nimrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dur-Sharrukin" title="Dur-Sharrukin">Dur-Sharrukin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Arpachiyah" title="Tell Arpachiyah">Tell Arpachiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Gawra" title="Tepe Gawra">Tepe Gawra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Forces" title="Nineveh Plain Forces">Nineveh Plain Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh_Protection_Committee" title="Qaraqosh Protection Committee">Qaraqosh Protection Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwekh_Nawsha" title="Dwekh Nawsha">Dwekh Nawsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659846#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659846#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659846#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15658872x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15658872x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Imgur-Enlil (zaniklé město)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge756919&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Balāwāt (Iraq)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1219985&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/90032637">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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