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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure of mahr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_mahr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_and_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_and_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Differences and issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_and_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_in_Islamic_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_Islamic_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References in Islamic texts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_in_Islamic_texts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References in Islamic texts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_in_Islamic_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_purposes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_purposes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Modern purposes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_purposes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="صداق (إسلام) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صداق (إسلام)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%B0" title="দেনমোহৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দেনমোহৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0" title="মহর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мәһәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәһәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehr" title="Mehr – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mehr" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brautgabe" title="Brautgabe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brautgabe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="مهریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="महर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC" title="മഹർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഹർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="صداق (اسلام) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صداق (اسلام)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas_kahwin" title="Mas kahwin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mas kahwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BA" title="မဟရ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဟရ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB" title="マフル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マフル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mahr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80" title="Махр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Махр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C_(%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="مارەیی (ئیسلام) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مارەیی (ئیسلام)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4h%C3%A4r" title="Mähär – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Mähär" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehir" title="Mehir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mehir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4hr" title="Mähr – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mähr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%81%D8%B1" title="مہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E4%BA%A5%E7%88%BE" title="麥亥爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥亥爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q902443#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Category:Islamic jurisprudence">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence<br />(<i>fiqh</i>)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ALFiqh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/125px-ALFiqh.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/188px-ALFiqh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/250px-ALFiqh.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ibadah" title="Ibadah">Ritual</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakat">Raka'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah_prayer" title="Sunnah prayer">Sunnah prayer</a></i> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahajjud" title="Tahajjud">Tahajjud</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nafl_prayer" title="Nafl prayer">Nafl prayer</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Sawm</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ihram_clothing" title="Ihram clothing">clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj"><i>Mut'ah</i></a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaf">Tawaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj">and <i>Hajj</i></a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Islamic leadership</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">Majlis-ash-Shura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Wilayat al-faqih</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aman_(Islam)" title="Aman (Islam)">Aman</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Marriage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Contract</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahr</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misyar_marriage" title="Misyar marriage">Misyar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_halala" title="Nikah halala">Halala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_%27urfi" title="Nikah 'urfi">Urfi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Mut‘ah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam" title="Polygyny in Islam">Polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khula" class="mw-redirect" title="Khula">Khula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihar" title="Zihar">Zihar</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iddah" title="Iddah">Iddah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafa%27ah" title="Kafa'ah">Kafa'ah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_adoptional_jurisprudence" title="Islamic adoptional jurisprudence">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_Islam" title="Breastfeeding in Islam">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexual</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Islam">Abortion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam#Purification_and_hygiene" title="Sexuality in Islam">Hygiene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Islamic_law" title="Rape in Islamic law">Rape</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_masturbation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and masturbation">Masturbation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir"><i>Maisir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(gambling)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina"><i>Zina</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(illicit sex)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah"><i>Hirabah</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(unlawful warfare and banditry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad"><i>Fasad</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("mischief")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofsed-e-filarz" title="Mofsed-e-filarz">Mofsed-e-filarz</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("spreading corruption")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("sedition")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajm"><i>Rajm</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(stoning)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tazir" title="Tazir"><i>Tazir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(discretionary)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas"><i>Qisas</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(retaliation)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diya (Islam)"><i>Diya</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(compensation)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Adab</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purdah" title="Purdah">Purdah</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">History</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">Nisab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a></i>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-mal" title="Bayt al-mal">Bayt al-mal</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam#Hygienical_Jurisprudence" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Hygiene</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual hygienical jurisprudence">Sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Taharah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masah" title="Masah">Masah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Dietary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabihah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Pork" title="Islamic dietary laws">Pork</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Islamic_and_Jewish_dietary_laws" title="Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws">Comparison with <i>kashrut</i></a></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghanimah" title="Ghanimah">Ghanimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudna" title="Hudna">Hudna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istijarah" title="Istijarah"><i>Istijarah</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(asylum)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_prisoners_of_war" title="Islamic views on prisoners of war">Prisoners of war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fiqh" title="Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fiqh" title="Template talk:Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Islam, a <b>mahr</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:مهر">مهر</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مهريه</span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">mehir</i>; <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: <i lang="sw">mahari</i>; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">mahar</i>; also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">transliterated</a> <i><b>mehr</b></i>, <i><b>meher</b></i>, <i><b>mehrieh</b></i>, or <i><b>mahriyeh</b></i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Bride_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bride wealth">bride wealth</a> obligation, in the form of money, possessions or teaching of verses from the Quran<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the groom, to the bride in connection with an <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Islamic wedding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <i>mahr</i> is often money, it can also be anything agreed upon by the bride such as jewelry, home goods, furniture, a dwelling or some land. Mahr is typically specified in the marriage contract signed upon marriage. </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">Dower</a>" is the English translation that comes closest to Islamic meaning of mahr, as "dower" refers to the payment from the husband or his family to the wife, especially to support her in the event of his death, although subsequent to marriage the wife also acquires inheritance rights. However, mahr is distinct from dower in two ways: 1) mahr is legally required for all Islamic marriages while dower is optional, and 2) mahr is required to be specified at the time of marriage (when a certain amount is promised, if not paid immediately), while dower is not paid until the death of the husband. Mahr also can be classified as a form of "bridewealth", described by anthropologists as payments made from the kin of the groom to the kin of the bride; however, mahr is paid directly to the bride and not her parents.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, as her legal property, mahr establishes the bride's financial independence from her parents and in many cases from her husband, who has no legal claims to his wife's mahr. </p><p>The terms "<a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Bride_price" title="Bride price">bride price</a>" are sometimes incorrectly used to translate <i>mahr</i>, but mahr differs from dowries in many other cultures. A dowry traditionally refers to money or possessions a woman brings forth to the marriage, usually provided by her parents or family; bride price refers to money or property paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman (but not to the woman herself) upon the marriage. </p><p>In the event the marriage contract does not contain an exact, specified mahr, the husband must still pay the wife an equitable sum.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The requirement of a mahr is mentioned several times in the Quran and hadith.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mahr is often paid to the bride in parts. The <i>mahr</i> amount given to the bride at the signing of the marriage contract is called a <i>muajjal</i> (معجل) (which is paid at time of marriage (nikah), and the portion that is promised but deferred is called a ghaire <i>mu'ajjal</i> (غیر معجل) (which is paid after completion of marriage). A deferred promise to pay does not make the full amount of the mahr any less legally required.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are differences between the nature of <i>mahr</i>, definition of proper contract and conditions of enforceability depending on the regional <i><a href="/wiki/Usul_al-fiqh" class="mw-redirect" title="Usul al-fiqh">fiqh</a></i> and school of Islamic jurisprudence.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_history">Etymology and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Mahr</i> is related to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> word “Mohar” and the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> word "Mahrā", meaning “bridal gift”, which originally meant “purchase-money”. The word implies a gift given voluntarily and not as a result of a contract, but in Muslim religious law it was declared a gift which the bridegroom has to give the bride when the contract of marriage is made and which becomes the property of the wife.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among pre-Islamic Arabs, a <i>bride price</i> called <i>Mahr</i> was an essential condition for a legal marriage. The <i>Mahr</i> was given to the guardian (<i>Wali</i>) of the bride, such as her father, brother or another relative. In earlier times, the bride received no portion of the <i>Mahr</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars believe that in the period shortly before Muhammad, the <i>Mahr</i>, or at least a part of it, was already given to the bride.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few others regard its transformation into wife's property as a "revolutionary" Quranic innovation,<sup id="cite_ref-EoQ-281_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoQ-281-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, this is pre-dated by a similar historical transition of the equivalent Jewish “mohar.” </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">book of Deuteronomy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, a betrothed couple became accountable to the law against <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>, a concept known as <a href="/wiki/Erusin" title="Erusin">erusin</a>, violation of which was also punishable by death though not fully considering them as married.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One view is that the betrothal was effected simply by purchasing the girl from her father (or guardian). This price paid for her is known by the Hebrew term <i>mohar</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מוהר</span>‎).<sup id="cite_ref-Genesis3412_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis3412-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was customary in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical times">biblical times</a> for the Jewish bride and her father to be given parts of the <i>mohar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-JewEncMar_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewEncMar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradually, as in Islam, it lost its original meaning, and the custom arose of giving the <i>mohar</i> entirely to the bride rather than her father. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_mahr">Structure of mahr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure of mahr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A mahr is part of many Muslim marriage contracts. The mahr may be separated into two parts. First, there is the <i>muqaddam</i>, or the prompt mahr, which the wife must receive at or immediately after the marriage ceremony. The second part of the mahr, called the <i>mu'akhar</i>, is a deferred and promised amount, payable at any agreed upon date following the consummation of the marriage. Often the deferred amount is larger than the amount paid at marriage. In theory, the deferred amount is supposed to provide the wife with a means of support, and is associated with the death or divorce of the husband, however this is a more traditional rather than Islamic stance on the matter. The <i>mu'akhar</i> should be viewed as importantly as the initial dower payment as it is an obligation to be fulfilled by the husband and is considered debt if it is not given to the wife within the timeframe agreed upon between the couple.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mahr in any Islamic marriage contract is a fundamental religious right of the wife, and the husband may not reduce the mahr. Even upon the husband's death, the deferred mahr is paid from his estate before all other debts, because it is a religious requirement. </p><p>According to a hadith, the Muslim Prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> stated the mahr should be "one gold piece",<sup id="cite_ref-WahhabiIslam_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WahhabiIslam-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the mahr amount is often negotiated between the parents or guardians of the bride and groom (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">wali</a></i>), and the parties often draft mahr agreements by filling in the blanks of form contracts that employ standard boilerplate terms. The typical mahr containing marriage contract consists of the names of the parties, the amount of the mahr, a cleric's signature, the signature of two male witnesses, and a disclaimer that Islamic law will govern the marriage contract.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Islamic marriages, assets brought into the union by the wife may only be accepted by the husband after the mahr has been paid by him to her.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Arabian world, there are varying interpretations of <i>mahr</i> containing marriage contracts, highlighting the differences between Maliki, Hanbali, Hanafi, Shafi, and Jafari <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools of Islamic jurisprudence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Hanafi School holds that if the woman initiates the divorce (<a href="/wiki/Khul%27" title="Khul'">khulʿ</a>) she cannot receive her mahr regardless of whether the husband is or is not at fault, while the Maliki School holds that when the husband is at fault for the divorce, the wife does not forfeit her right to the mahr even if she initiates the divorce. The schools also differ over the requisite number of witnesses to the contract. The Hanafi School requires two witnesses on the document for a mahr containing contract to be valid, while the Maliki School holds that witnesses are only needed at marriage's publication but not the document.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_and_issues">Differences and issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Differences and issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahr is similar in legal enforceability to <i><a href="/wiki/Donatio_propter_nuptias" class="mw-redirect" title="Donatio propter nuptias">donatio propter nuptias</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Eastern Roman law</a>, except some critical differences.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Donatio propter nuptias</i> was optional and voluntary, while mahr is mandatory and required for all Muslim marriages. Mahr is not an optional gift.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other difference was that <i>donatio propter nuptias</i> was a security the groom delivered to bride or registered in her name, at the time of marriage, in exchange for <i>dos</i> (dowry) that came with the bride.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahr is a religious requirement according to <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>. </p><p>Under Islamic law, there is no concept of marital property. In Islam, marriage is a contract between a man and his wife. A Muslim man and woman do not merge their legal identity upon marriage. The assets of the man before the marriage, and earned after the marriage, remain his during marriage, and in case of a divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A divorce under Islamic law does not require redistribution of property. Rather, each spouse walks away from the marriage with his or her individual property. Divorcing Muslim women who did not work outside their home after marriage, except for the deferred mahr, are left with little or no claim on the collective wealth of the couple. The deferred mahr is considered a debt owed by the man to the woman, and is owed even if he has no assets.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Divorce under Islamic law may take many forms. If a woman wishes to divorce her husband she has two options: seek a <i>tafriq</i>, or seek a <i><a href="/wiki/Khul%27" title="Khul'">khulʿ</a></i>. A <i>tafriq</i> is a divorce for certain allowable reasons, such as abuse or abandonment. This divorce is granted by a <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">qadi</a></i>, a religious judge. If a tafriq is granted, the marriage is dissolved and the husband is obligated to pay the wife the deferred mahr specified in their marriage contract. The second method, <i>khulʿ</i> is a divorce without cause, by mutual consent. This divorce requires a husband's consent and it must be supported by consideration that passes from the wife to the husband. Often, this consideration consists of the wife relinquishing her claim to the deferred mahr. In contrast to allowable methods of divorce to a woman, a husband may unilaterally divorce his wife, as <i><a href="/wiki/Talaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaq">talaq</a></i>, however, if he does it for no reason and no explanation, it is not allowed. However, upon talaq, the husband must pay the wife her deferred mahr.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western courts have treated mahr provisions in a manner similar to pre-marital contracts. However, in many cases the courts have considered the validity of the marriage contract in cases such as where proper disclosures were not made at the time of marriage, the bride and groom did not separately consent without duress, and in case the bride or both spouses entered into a <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">child marriage</a> prior to legal age of consent.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_in_Islamic_texts">References in Islamic texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References in Islamic texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>'s entry on <i>mahr</i> states: "According to a tradition in <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Bukhari</a>, the mahr is an essential condition for the legality of the marriage: 'Every marriage without mahr is null and void'."<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma1987_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma1987-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Islamic teachings in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (sayings of Muhammad), <i>mahr</i> is the amount to be paid by the groom to the bride at the time of marriage, some of which may be delayed according to what is agreed upon by the spouses. The mahr is for her to spend as she wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be cash, jewellery or any other valuable gift. In some cases, per <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a> (Volume 7, Book 62, Number 72), even an iron ring can be mahr.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sura 4.4, 4.19, 4.20, 4.24, 60.10 and 60.11 of Qur'an require a groom to give a dower to a bride.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_purposes">Modern purposes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern purposes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Rubya Mehdi published an article in which the culture of <i>mahr</i> among Muslims was thoroughly reviewed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahr is a means of sustenance in case of a sudden death, divorce or other emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">Dower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">Dowry</a> (an overlapping concept)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Islamic marital jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Women and Islam">Women and Islam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHussain2011" class="citation book cs1">Hussain, Jamila (2011-09-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1d5r_t7Ev7sC"><i>Islam</i></a>. Federation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-819-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-819-8"><bdi>978-1-86287-819-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-819-8&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Jamila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1d5r_t7Ev7sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpies,_O.2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Spies, O. (2012). "Mahr". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Vol. 6 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 78–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_4806">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mahr&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=78-79&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_4806&rft.au=Spies%2C+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodyTambiah1973" class="citation book cs1">Goody, Jack; Tambiah, Stanley (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bridewealthdowry0000good"><i>Bridewealth and Dowry</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bridewealthdowry0000good/page/1">1</a>–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521201698" title="Special:BookSources/9780521201698"><bdi>9780521201698</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridewealth+and+Dowry&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780521201698&rft.aulast=Goody&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Tambiah%2C+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbridewealthdowry0000good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Pearl & Werner Menski, Muslim Family Law ¶ 7-10, at 178–81 (3d ed. 1998)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qurano.com/en/4-an-nisa/verse-4/">"Surah An-Nisa' Verse 4 | 4:4 النساء - Quran O"</a>. <i>qurano.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=qurano.com&rft.atitle=Surah+An-Nisa%27+Verse+4+%7C+4%3A4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1+-+Quran+O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqurano.com%2Fen%2F4-an-nisa%2Fverse-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamswomen.com/marriage/fiqh_of_marriage_6.php">"Islams Women - Fiqh of Marriage - Dowry"</a>. islamswomen.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islams+Women+-+Fiqh+of+Marriage+-+Dowry&rft.pub=islamswomen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamswomen.com%2Fmarriage%2Ffiqh_of_marriage_6.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeland" class="citation web cs1">Freeland, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.gonzaga.edu/academic-program/Files/GJIL/Volume4/Vol4-TheIslamicInstitution.pdf">"The Islamic Institution of Mahr and American Law"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Gonzaga University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Institution+of+Mahr+and+American+Law&rft.pub=Gonzaga+University&rft.aulast=Freeland&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.gonzaga.edu%2Facademic-program%2FFiles%2FGJIL%2FVolume4%2FVol4-TheIslamicInstitution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsey_E._Blenkhorn_2002_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsey E. Blenkhorn, Note, "Islamic Marriage Contracts in American Courts: Interpreting Mahr Agreements as Prenuptials and Their Effect on Muslim Women", 76 <i>S. CAL. L. REV.</i> 189, 210–11 (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoQ-281-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoQ-281_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarald_Motzki2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Harald Motzki (2006). "Marriage and divorce". In Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān</i>. Vol. 3. Brill. p. 281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marriage+and+divorce&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Harald+Motzki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0522.htm#23">Deuteronomy 22:23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis3412-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Genesis3412_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0134.htm#12">Genesis 34:12</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0222.htm#16">Exodus 22:16–17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0520.htm#7">Deuteronomy 20:7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0522.htm#29">Deuteronomy 22:29</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1302.htm#19">Hosea 2:19–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewEncMar-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JewEncMar_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al., eds. (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=M&artid=213">"marriage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=marriage&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fletter%3DM%26artid%3D213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tracie Rogalin Siddiqui, Interpretation of Islamic Marriage Contracts by American Courts, 41 FAM. L.Q. 639, 639 (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WahhabiIslam-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WahhabiIslam_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeLong-Bas2004" class="citation book cs1">DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wahhabiislamfrom0000delo"><i>Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad</i></a></span> (First ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, USA. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wahhabiislamfrom0000delo/page/159">159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516991-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516991-1"><bdi>978-0-19-516991-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wahhabi+Islam%3A+From+Revival+and+Reform+to+Global+Jihad&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=159&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516991-1&rft.aulast=DeLong-Bas&rft.aufirst=Natana+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwahhabiislamfrom0000delo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mona Rafeeq, Rethinking Islamic Law Arbitration Tribunals: Are They Compatible with Traditional American Notions of Justice?, 28 WIS. INT‟L Law Journal, 108, 138–39 (2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Personal Law of the Mahommedans: According to All the Schools, Syed Ameer Ali, WH Allen & Company, London, pp. 299-300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kecia Ali, "Marriage in Classical Islamic Jurisprudence: A Survey of Doctrines", in <i>The Islamic Marriage Contract: Case Studies in Islamic Family Law</i> 11, 19 (Asifa Quraishi & Frank E. Vogel eds., 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legaldictionary.lawin.org/donatio-propter-nuptias/">"Donatio Propter Nuptias"</a>. legaldictionary.lawin.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donatio+Propter+Nuptias&rft.pub=legaldictionary.lawin.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegaldictionary.lawin.org%2Fdonatio-propter-nuptias%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong" class="citation web cs1">Long, Georg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Donatio_propter_Nuptias.html">"Donatio propter Nuptias in William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donatio+propter+Nuptias+in+William+Smith%2C+A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities%2C+John+Murray%2C+London%2C+1875&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2Fsecondary%2FSMIGRA%2A%2FDonatio_propter_Nuptias.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ortolan, Explication Historique des Instituts, vol. I, page 478-480</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmad v. Ahmad, No. L-00-1391, 2001 WL 1518116 (Ohio Ct. App. Nov. 30, 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamal Nasir, <i>The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation</i>, 3d edition, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sameena Nazir and Leigh Tomppert, Ed., Women’s Rights in the Middle East and North Africa, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wael B. Hallaq, Sharia: Theory, Practice, Transformations, p. 271 (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/1126">Bargaining in the Shadow of God's Law: Islamic Mahr Contracts and the Perils of Legal Specialization</a>, Nathan B. Oman, William & Mary Law School (2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freeland, Richard (2000), Islamic Institution of Mahr and American Law, The. Gonz. Journal Int'l Law, 4, 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houtsma1987-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma1987_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Th_Houtsma1987" class="citation book cs1">M. Th Houtsma (31 December 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iJQ3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA137"><i>E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936</i></a>. BRILL. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08265-6"><bdi>978-90-04-08265-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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H. (2007). Submission and dissent: Some observations on children’s rights within the Islamic edifice’. The given child: The religions’ contribution to children’s citizenship, pages 51-70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/verses/004-qmt.php">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501064500/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/verses/004-qmt.php">Archived</a> 2015-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> University of Southern California, AN-NISA (WOMEN)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehdi,_R2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mehdi, R (2014). "Danish law and the practice of mahr among Muslim Pakistanis in Denmark". <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Law</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 115–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijsl.2003.02.002">10.1016/j.ijsl.2003.02.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Law&rft.atitle=Danish+law+and+the+practice+of+mahr+among+Muslim+Pakistanis+in+Denmark&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-129&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijsl.2003.02.002&rft.au=Mehdi%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504021133/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1390">"Mahr"</a>. oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1390">the original</a> on May 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mahr&rft.pub=oxfordislamicstudies.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe1390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L-Moriscos - Page 137, M. Th. Houtsma</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Asian_wedding" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_wedding" title="Template:Indian wedding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_wedding" title="Template talk:Indian wedding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_wedding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian wedding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Asian_wedding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asian wedding</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_marriage" title="Baháʼí marriage">Bahá'í</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_view_of_marriage" title="Buddhist view of marriage">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices#India" title="Islamic marital practices">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region or culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panche_baja" title="Panche baja">Arunachal Pradesh (Panchai baja)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengal (Muslim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengal (Hindu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_marriage" title="Hajong marriage">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettu_Kalyanam" title="Kettu Kalyanam">Kerala (Kettu Kalyanam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_wedding_traditions" title="Punjabi wedding traditions">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people#Wedding_practices" title="Limbu people">Sikkim (Limbu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyer_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyer wedding">Tamil (Iyer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_wedding_ceremony" title="Telugu wedding ceremony">Telugu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh#Weddings" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaha">India (Hindu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihi" title="Ihi">Nepal (Ihi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Sri Lanka (Buddhist)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent">Arranged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-caste_marriages_in_India" title="Inter-caste marriages in India">Inter-caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_marriage" title="Love marriage">Love</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baraat" title="Baraat">Baraat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_system_in_India" title="Dowry system in India">Dahej (dowry)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahr (dower)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Nikah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyadana" title="Kanyadana">Kanyadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balle_Mallarada_Puje" title="Balle Mallarada Puje">Balle Mallarada Puje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadhu_Pravesha" title="Vadhu Pravesha">Vadhu Pravesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou_Bhat" title="Bou Bhat">Bou Bhaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauna" title="Gauna">Gauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaye_holud" title="Gaye holud">Gaye holud (Bengali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankana_Dharane" title="Kankana Dharane">Kankana Dharane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangala_Ashtaka" title="Mangala Ashtaka">Mangala Ashtaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parikrama" title="Parikrama">Parikrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saptapadi" title="Saptapadi">Saptapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Satphere">Satphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakunamanojaya" title="Shakunamanojaya">Shakunamanojaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayian" title="Mayian">Mayian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(dye)" title="Alta (dye)">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangle" title="Bangle">Bangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangala_sutra" title="Mangala sutra">Mangala sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nose_piercing" title="Nose piercing">Nose ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India#Palanquin" title="Transport in India">Palki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheta" title="Pheta">Pheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)" title="Sehra (headdress)">Sehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindur">Sindur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topor_(headgear)" title="Topor (headgear)">Topor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varamala" title="Varamala">Varamala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandapa" title="Wedding mandapa">Wedding mandapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_sari" title="Wedding sari">Wedding sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wedding_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian wedding card">Invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wedding_photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian wedding photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_wedding_songs" title="Hindi wedding songs">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_website#In_India" title="Matrimonial website">Websites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bangladeshi_wedding" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bangladeshi_wedding" title="Template:Bangladeshi wedding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bangladeshi_wedding" title="Template talk:Bangladeshi wedding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladeshi_wedding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladeshi wedding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bangladeshi_wedding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bangladeshi wedding</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bangladeshi marriage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_view_of_marriage" title="Buddhist view of marriage">Buddhist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent">Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_marriage" title="Love marriage">Love marriage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_by_country#Bengali_wedding_customs" title="Wedding customs by country">Bengali wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry#In_Asia" title="Dowry">Dowry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groomsman#In_various_cultures" title="Groomsman">Stealing shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bou_Bhat" title="Bou Bhat">Bou Bhaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaye_holud" title="Gaye holud">Gaye holud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_badal" title="Mala badal">Mala badal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items and outfit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamdani" title="Jamdani">Jamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)#Indian_Subcontinent" title="Litter (vehicle)">Palki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangle" title="Bangle">Bangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churidar" title="Churidar">Churidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Wedding shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutti" title="Jutti">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehenga" title="Lehenga">Lehenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehenga-style_saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehenga-style saree">Lehenga-style saree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)" title="Sehra (headdress)">Sehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwani" title="Sherwani">Sherwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topor_(headgear)" title="Topor (headgear)">Topor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagri_(turban)" title="Pagri (turban)">Pagri (turban)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Bangladesh" title="Polygamy in Bangladesh">Polygamy in Bangladesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_wedding_card" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian wedding card">Wedding card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_and_Urdu_wedding_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi and Urdu wedding songs">Wedding songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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