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id="toc-Panic_disorder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panic_disorder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Panic disorder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panic_disorder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_anxiety_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_anxiety_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Other anxiety disorders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_anxiety_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_indications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_indications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Other indications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_indications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contraindications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraindications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Contraindications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraindications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Side effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Side_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Side effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Side_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sexual </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Suicide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overdose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overdose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Overdose </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overdose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Interactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Pharmacology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pharmacology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pharmacodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Pharmacodynamics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacodynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Pharmacokinetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Absorption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absorption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Absorption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absorption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Distribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Metabolism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.4 Elimination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacogenomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacogenomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Pharmacogenomics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacogenomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Society and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Society and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generic_availability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generic_availability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Generic availability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generic_availability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Brand names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interest_during_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interest_during_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Interest during COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interest_during_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Other uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sertraline</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" > 44 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سيرترالين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيرترالين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سرترالین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سرترالین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sertraline" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Σερτραλίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σερτραλίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سرترالین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرترالین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sertraline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%84%EB%A6%B0" title="설트랄린 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="설트랄린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="סרטרלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרטרלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сертралин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сертралин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralinum" title="Sertralinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sertralinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertral%C4%ABns" title="Sertralīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sertralīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralinas" title="Sertralinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sertralinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szertralin" title="Szertralin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szertralin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sertraline" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="セルトラリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルトラリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ସେର୍ଟ୍ରାଲିନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସେର୍ଟ୍ରାଲିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralina" title="Sertralina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sertralina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin%C4%83" title="Sertralină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sertralină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сертралин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сертралин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sertraline" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraliini" title="Sertraliini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sertraliini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertralin" title="Sertralin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sertralin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Antidepressant (SSRI class) medication</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lustral" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lustral_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lustral (disambiguation)">Lustral (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Sertraline</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sertraline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sertraline.svg/220px-Sertraline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sertraline.svg/330px-Sertraline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sertraline.svg/440px-Sertraline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="403" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png/220px-Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png/330px-Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png/440px-Sertraline-A-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="684" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɜːrtrəˌliːn/</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zoloft, Lustral, Setrona, others<a href="#cite_note-Brand2015-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sertraline-hydrochloride.html">Monograph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a697048.html">a697048</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Sertraline">Sertraline</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: C<a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-2">[2]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Addiction" title="Addiction">Addiction liability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None<a href="#cite_note-Hub2001-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SSRI)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N06" title="ATC code N06">N06AB06</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N06AB06">WHO</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Brazil">BR</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Class_C1" title="Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act">Class C1</a> (Other controlled substances)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="New Zealand">NZ</abbr>: Prescription only</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a></li> <li>In general: ℞ (Prescription only)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">44%[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">98.5%[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a> (primarily N-<a href="/wiki/Demethylation" title="Demethylation">demethylation</a> mainly by <a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">CYP2B6</a>; also metabolism by <a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">CYP2C19</a>, others)<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15547048-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">Metabolites</a></th><td class="infobox-data">• <a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">Desmethylsertraline</a> • Others (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylation" title="Hydroxylation">hydroxylated</a> <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucuronide" title="Glucuronide">glucuronide</a> <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (biochemistry)">conjugates</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination half-life</a></th><td class="infobox-data">• Sertraline: 26 hours (32 hours in females, 22 hours in males; range 13–45 hours)<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GG-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid16192315-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12452737-8">[8]</a> • Desmethylsertraline: 62–104 hours<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">Urine</a> (40–45%)<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">Feces</a> (40–45%)<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=79617-96-2">79617-96-2</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/68617">68617</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4798">4798</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01104">DB01104</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.61881.html">61881</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/QUC7NX6WMB">QUC7NX6WMB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02360">D02360</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li><li>as HCl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00825">D00825</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:9123">CHEBI:9123</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL809">ChEMBL809</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> (<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6023577">DTXSID6023577</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407617#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C17H17Cl2N</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">306.23 g·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=ClC1%3DCC%3DC%28%5BC%40H%5D2C3%3DC%28%5BC%40H%5D%28CC2%29NC%29C%3DCC%3DC3%29C%3DC1Cl">Interactive image</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">ClC1=CC=C([C@H]2C3=C([C@H](CC2)NC)C=CC=C3)C=C1Cl</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C17H17NCl2/c1-20-17-9-7-12(13-4-2-3-5-14(13)17)11-6-8-15(18)16(19)10-11/h2-6,8,10,12,17,20H,7,9H2,1H3/t12-,17-/m0/s1 <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=464389436&page2=Sertraline">(verify)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Sertraline, sold under the brand name Zoloft among others, is an <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant medication</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SSRI) class<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-10">[10]</a> used to treat <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder" title="Generalized anxiety disorder">generalized anxiety disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder" title="Social anxiety disorder">social anxiety disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">obsessive–compulsive disorder</a> (OCD), <a href="/wiki/Panic_disorder" title="Panic disorder">panic disorder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder" title="Premenstrual dysphoric disorder">premenstrual dysphoric disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Although also having approval for <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD), findings indicate it leads to only modest improvements in symptoms associated with this condition.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25644881-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid27126398-13">[13]</a> The drug shares the common <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contraindication" title="Contraindication">contraindications</a> of other SSRIs, with high rates of <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>, mild <a href="/wiki/Somnolence" title="Somnolence">sedation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dry_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry mouth">dry mouth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">sexual dysfunction</a>, but it appears not to lead to much <a href="/wiki/Weight_gain" title="Weight gain">weight gain</a>, and its effects on <a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">cognitive performance</a> are mild. Similar to other antidepressants, the use of sertraline for depression may be associated with a mildly elevated rate of <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_thoughts" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicidal thoughts">suicidal thoughts</a> in people under the age of 25 years old. It should not be used together with <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a> (MAOIs): this combination may cause <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">serotonin syndrome</a>, which can be life-threatening in some cases. Sertraline taken during pregnancy is associated with an increase in <a href="/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect" title="Congenital heart defect">congenital heart defects</a> in newborns.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30415641-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid33354752-15">[15]</a> Sertraline was developed by scientists at <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> and approved for medical use in the United States in 1991. It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO23rd-16">[16]</a> and available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2018-10">[10]</a> In 2016, sertraline was the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-PsychCentral2-17">[17]</a> It was also the eleventh most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 39 million prescriptions in 2022,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and sertraline ranks among the top 10 most prescribed medications in Australia between 2017 and 2023.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> For alleviating the symptoms of depression and anxiety, the drug is usually second in potency to another SSRI, <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a>. Sertraline's <a href="/wiki/Effectiveness" title="Effectiveness">effectiveness</a> is similar to that of other antidepressants in its class, such as <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>, which are also considered first-line treatments and are better tolerated than the older <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants">tricyclic antidepressants</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline has been approved for <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">obsessive–compulsive disorder</a> (OCD), <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD), <a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder" title="Premenstrual dysphoric disorder">premenstrual dysphoric disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panic_disorder" title="Panic disorder">panic disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder" title="Social anxiety disorder">social anxiety disorder</a> (SAD), and <a href="/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder" title="Generalized anxiety disorder">generalized anxiety disorder</a> (GAD). Sertraline is approved for use in children with OCD.<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depression">Depression</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Depression">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a>, sertraline displays similar efficacy to other SSRI antidepressants, with an <a href="/wiki/Odds_ratio" title="Odds ratio">odds ratio</a> for response in clinical depression of between 1.44 and 1.67.<a href="#cite_note-Jakobsen2017-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-CiprianiFurukawa2018-23">[23]</a> However, as with other antidepressants, the nature and clinical significance of this effect remain disputed.<a href="#cite_note-Moncrieff2018-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-BMJ2019-25">[25]</a> A major study of sertraline in a broad primary care population found improvements in general mental health, quality of life, and anxiety.<a href="#cite_note-Lewis2019-26">[26]</a> However, it failed to find significant effects on depression in either the mildly or severely depressed, and the clinical relevance and accuracy of the positive effects found have been questioned.<a href="#cite_note-Hengartner2020-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paludan202020-28">[28]</a> In several <a href="/wiki/Double-blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-blind">double-blind</a> studies, sertraline was consistently more effective than <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dysthymia" title="Dysthymia">dysthymia</a>, a more chronic variety of depression, and comparable to <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a> in that respect. Sertraline also improves the functional impairments of dysthymia to a similar degree whether group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is undergone or not.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21456103-29">[29]</a> Limited pediatric data also demonstrates a reduction in depressive symptoms in the pediatric population though remains a second-line therapy after fluoxetine.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comparison_with_other_antidepressants">Comparison with other antidepressants</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comparison with other antidepressants">edit</a>]</div> In general, sertraline efficacy is similar to that of other antidepressants.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11420570-32">[32]</a> For example, a meta-analysis of 12 new-generation antidepressants showed that sertraline and <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a> are the best in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the acute-phase treatment of adults with depression.<a href="#cite_note-cipriani-33">[33]</a> Comparative clinical trials demonstrated that sertraline is similar in efficacy against depression to <a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">moclobemide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pmid17168253-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">nefazodone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pmid8626364-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">bupropion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pmid9448656-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">citalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">fluvoxamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cipriani-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">venlafaxine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pmid16870212-37">[37]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16172440-38">[38]</a> Sertraline may be more efficacious for the treatment of depression in the acute phase (first four weeks) than <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> There are differences between sertraline and some other antidepressants in their efficacy in the treatment of different subtypes of depression and in their adverse effects. For severe depression, sertraline is as good as <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a> but is better tolerated.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16870212-37">[37]</a> Sertraline appears to work better in <a href="/wiki/Melancholic_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Melancholic depression">melancholic depression</a> than fluoxetine, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">mianserin</a> and is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants">tricyclic antidepressants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11420570-32">[32]</a> In the treatment of depression accompanied by <a href="/wiki/OCD" class="mw-redirect" title="OCD">OCD</a>, sertraline performs significantly better than <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a> on the measures of both OCD and depression.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21456103-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25969470-40">[40]</a> Sertraline is equivalent to imipramine for the treatment of depression with co-morbid panic disorder, but it is better tolerated.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12516310-41">[41]</a> Compared with amitriptyline, sertraline offered a greater overall improvement in <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> of depressed patients.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11420570-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Depression_in_elderly">Depression in elderly</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Depression in elderly">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline used for the treatment of depression in elderly (older than 60) patients is superior to placebo and comparable to another SSRI fluoxetine, and <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants">tricyclic antidepressants</a> (TCAs) amitriptyline, <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>. Sertraline has much lower rates of adverse effects than these TCAs, with the exception of nausea, which occurs more frequently with sertraline. In addition, sertraline appears to be more effective than fluoxetine or nortriptyline in the older-than-70 subgroup.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12093324-42">[42]</a> Accordingly, a meta-analysis of antidepressants in older adults found that sertraline, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">duloxetine</a> were better than placebo.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> However, in a 2003 trial the <a href="/wiki/Effect_size" title="Effect size">effect size</a> was modest, and there was no improvement in <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> as compared to <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12832242-44">[44]</a> With depression in dementia, there is no benefit of sertraline treatment compared to either placebo or <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Banerjee2013-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obsessive–compulsive_disorder">Obsessive–compulsive disorder</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Obsessive–compulsive disorder">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is effective for the treatment of OCD in adults,<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> adolescents and children.<a href="#cite_note-NIHR_Evidence_2022-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boaden_2020-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Correll_2021-48">[48]</a> It was better tolerated and, based on <a href="/wiki/Intention-to-treat_analysis" title="Intention-to-treat analysis">intention-to-treat analysis</a>, performed better than the gold standard of OCD treatment <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid9393392-49">[49]</a> Continuing sertraline treatment helps prevent relapses of OCD with long-term data supporting its use for up to 24 months.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25081580-50">[50]</a> The sertraline dosages necessary for the effective treatment of OCD are higher than the usual dosage for depression.<a href="#cite_note-medscape-51">[51]</a> The onset of action is also slower for OCD than for depression. The treatment recommendation is to start treatment with half of the maximal recommended dose for at least two months. After that, the dose can be raised to the maximal recommended in the cases of unsatisfactory response.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16838823-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">Cognitive behavioral therapy</a> alone is not more effective than sertraline in adolescents and children; however, a combination of these treatments is effective.<a href="#cite_note-Correll_2021-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panic_disorder">Panic disorder</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Panic disorder">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is superior to placebo for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Panic_disorder" title="Panic disorder">panic disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> The response rate was independent of the dose. In addition to decreasing the frequency of panic attacks by about 80% (vs. 45% for placebo) and decreasing general anxiety, sertraline resulted in an improvement in quality of life on most parameters. The patients rated as "improved" on sertraline reported better quality of life than the ones who "improved" on placebo. The authors of the study argued that the improvement achieved with sertraline is different and of a better quality than the improvement achieved with a placebo.<a href="#cite_note-pmid10945134-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid16292466-54">[54]</a> Sertraline is equally effective for men and women,<a href="#cite_note-pmid16292466-54">[54]</a> and for patients with or without agoraphobia.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11206597-55">[55]</a> Previous unsuccessful treatment with <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepines" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodiazepines">benzodiazepines</a> does not diminish its efficacy.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11199932-56">[56]</a> However, the response rate was lower for the patients with more severe panic.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11206597-55">[55]</a> Starting treatment simultaneously with sertraline and <a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">clonazepam</a>, with subsequent gradual discontinuation of clonazepam, may accelerate the response.<a href="#cite_note-Amrein-57">[57]</a> Double-blind comparative studies found sertraline to have the same effect on panic disorder as <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21342080-58">[58]</a> While imprecise, comparison of the results of trials of sertraline with separate trials of other anti-panic agents (<a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, clonazepam, <a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">alprazolam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">fluvoxamine</a>) indicates approximate equivalence of these medications.<a href="#cite_note-pmid10945134-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_anxiety_disorders">Other anxiety disorders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other anxiety disorders">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline has been successfully used for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder" title="Social anxiety disorder">social anxiety disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid17092192-60">[60]</a> All three major domains of the disorder (fear, avoidance, and physiological symptoms) respond to sertraline.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21456103-29">[29]</a> Maintenance treatment, after the response is achieved, prevents the return of the symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-pmid18374843-61">[61]</a> The improvement is greater among the patients with later, adult onset of the disorder.<a href="#cite_note-pmid17963189-62">[62]</a> In a comparison trial, sertraline was superior to <a href="/wiki/Exposure_therapy" title="Exposure therapy">exposure therapy</a>, but patients treated with the psychological intervention continued to improve during a year-long follow-up, while those treated with sertraline deteriorated after treatment termination.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16318597-63">[63]</a> The combination of sertraline and <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">cognitive behavioral therapy</a> appears to be more effective in children and young people than either treatment alone.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23834458-64">[64]</a> Sertraline has not been approved for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder" title="Generalized anxiety disorder">generalized anxiety disorder</a>; however, several guidelines recommend it as a first-line medication referring to good quality controlled clinical trials.<a href="#cite_note-nice-gad-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12516310-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25081580-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder">Premenstrual dysphoric disorder</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is effective in alleviating the symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder" title="Premenstrual dysphoric disorder">premenstrual dysphoric disorder</a>, a severe form of <a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome" title="Premenstrual syndrome">premenstrual syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jespersen_2024-66">[66]</a> Significant improvement was observed in 50–60% of cases treated with sertraline vs. 20–30% of cases on placebo. The improvement began during the first week of treatment, and in addition to mood, irritability, and anxiety, improvement was reflected in better family functioning, social activity, and general quality of life. Work functioning and physical symptoms, such as swelling, bloating, and breast tenderness, were less responsive to sertraline.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12215058-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11972726-68">[68]</a> Taking sertraline only during the <a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">luteal phase</a>, that is, the 12–14 days before menses is not as effective as continuous treatment.<a href="#cite_note-Jespersen_2024-66">[66]</a> Continuous treatment with sub-therapeutic doses of sertraline (25 mg vs. usual 50–100 mg) is also effective.<a href="#cite_note-pmid26377947-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_indications">Other indications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other indications">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is approved for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD).<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Clinical_Excellence" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute for Clinical Excellence">National Institute for Clinical Excellence</a> recommends it for patients who prefer drug treatment to a psychological one.<a href="#cite_note-NICE-PTSD-70">[70]</a> Other guidelines also suggest sertraline as a first-line option for <a href="/wiki/Pharmacological_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacological therapy">pharmacological therapy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16734498-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12516310-41">[41]</a> When necessary, long-term pharmacotherapy can be beneficial.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16734498-71">[71]</a> There are both negative and positive clinical trial results for sertraline, which may be explained by the types of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_trauma" title="Psychological trauma">psychological traumas</a>, symptoms, and <a href="/wiki/Comorbidity" title="Comorbidity">comorbidities</a> included in the various studies.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25081580-50">[50]</a> Positive results were obtained in trials that included predominantly women (75%) with a majority (60%) having physical or sexual assault as the traumatic event.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16734498-71">[71]</a> Somewhat contrary to the above suggestions, a meta-analysis of sertraline clinical trials for PTSD found it to be statistically superior to placebo in the reduction of PTSD symptoms but the effect size was small.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25644881-12">[12]</a> Another meta-analysis relegated sertraline to the second line, proposing <a href="/wiki/Trauma_focused_cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy">trauma focused psychotherapy</a> as a first-line intervention. The authors noted that <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> had declined to submit the results of a negative trial for inclusion in the meta-analysis making the results unreliable.<a href="#cite_note-pmid27126398-13">[13]</a> Sertraline, when taken daily, can be useful for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Premature_ejaculation" title="Premature ejaculation">premature ejaculation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> A disadvantage of sertraline is that it requires continuous daily treatment to delay ejaculation significantly.<a href="#cite_note-pmid17983899-73">[73]</a> A 2019 <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> suggested that sertraline may be a good way to control <a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">anger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irritability" title="Irritability">irritability</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hostility" title="Hostility">hostility</a> in depressed patients and patients with other comorbidities.<a href="#cite_note-pmid31126061-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Contraindications">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is contraindicated in individuals taking <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a> or the antipsychotic <a href="/wiki/Pimozide" title="Pimozide">pimozide</a>. Sertraline concentrate contains <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol (medicine)">ethanol</a> and is therefore contraindicated with <a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">disulfiram</a>. The prescribing information recommends that treatment of the elderly and patients with liver impairment "must be approached with caution". Due to the slower elimination of sertraline in these groups, their exposure to sertraline may be as high as three times the average exposure for the same dose.<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Side effects">edit</a>]</div> Nausea, ejaculation failure, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, somnolence, dizziness, tremor, headache, excessive sweating, fatigue, <a href="/wiki/Restless_legs_syndrome" title="Restless legs syndrome">restless legs syndrome</a> and decreased <a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">libido</a> are the common adverse effects associated with sertraline with the greatest difference from <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a>. Those that most often result in interruption of the treatment are nausea, diarrhea, and insomnia.<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> The incidence of diarrhea is higher with sertraline – especially when prescribed at higher doses – in comparison with other <a href="/wiki/SSRIs" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRIs">SSRIs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICP2014-75">[75]</a> Over more than six months of sertraline therapy for depression, people showed no significant weight increase.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11105740-76">[76]</a> A 30-month-long treatment with sertraline for OCD also resulted in no significant weight gain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15491240-77">[77]</a> Although the difference did not reach <a href="/wiki/Statistical_significance" title="Statistical significance">statistical significance</a>, the average weight gain was lower for <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a> (1%) but higher for <a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">citalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">fluvoxamine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a> (2.5%). Of the sertraline group, 4.5% gained a large amount of weight (defined as more than 7% gain). This result compares favorably with placebo, where, according to the literature, 3–6% of patients gained more than 7% of their initial weight. The large weight gain was observed only among female members of the sertraline group; the significance of this finding is unclear because of the small size of the group.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15491240-77">[77]</a> Over a two-week treatment of healthy volunteers, sertraline slightly improved verbal <a href="/wiki/Fluency" title="Fluency">fluency</a> but did not affect word learning, <a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">short-term memory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alertness" title="Alertness">vigilance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flicker_fusion_threshold" title="Flicker fusion threshold">flicker fusion time</a>, choice <a href="/wiki/Reaction_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaction time">reaction time</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_span" title="Memory span">memory span</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Motor_coordination" title="Motor coordination">psychomotor coordination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11565624-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12692706-79">[79]</a> In spite of lower subjective rating, that is, feeling that they performed worse, no clinically relevant differences were observed in the objective cognitive performance in a group of people treated for depression with sertraline for 1.5 years as compared to healthy controls.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16485140-80">[80]</a> In children and adolescents taking sertraline for six weeks for anxiety disorders, 18 out of 20 measures of memory, attention, and alertness stayed unchanged. <a href="/wiki/Attention#Clinical_model" title="Attention">Divided attention</a> was improved and verbal memory under <a href="/wiki/Interference_theory#Proactive_interference" title="Interference theory">interference conditions</a> decreased marginally. Because of the large number of measures taken, it is possible that these changes were still due to chance.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16190792-81">[81]</a> The unique effect of sertraline on <a href="/wiki/Dopaminergic" title="Dopaminergic">dopaminergic</a> <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmission" title="Neurotransmission">neurotransmission</a> may be related to these effects on cognition and vigilance.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Sertraline has a low level of exposure of an infant through the breast milk and is recommended as the preferred option for the antidepressant therapy of breast-feeding mothers.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid28440103-85">[85]</a> There is 29–42% increase in <a href="/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect" title="Congenital heart defect">congenital heart defects</a> among children whose mothers were prescribed sertraline during pregnancy,<a href="#cite_note-pmid30415641-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid33354752-15">[15]</a> with sertraline use in the first trimester associated with 2.7-fold increase in <a href="/wiki/Heart_septal_defect" title="Heart septal defect">septal heart defects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30415641-14">[14]</a> Abrupt interruption of sertraline treatment may result in <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant_discontinuation_syndrome" title="Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome">withdrawal or discontinuation syndrome</a>. Dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, agitation, and irritability are common symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23596418-86">[86]</a> It typically occurs within a few days from drug discontinuation and lasts a few weeks.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25721705-87">[87]</a> The withdrawal symptoms for sertraline are less severe and frequent than for paroxetine, and more frequent than for <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23596418-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25721705-87">[87]</a> In most cases symptoms are mild, short-lived, and resolve without treatment. More severe cases are often successfully treated by temporary reintroduction of the drug with a slower tapering-off rate.<a href="#cite_note-WarnerAFP-88">[88]</a> Sertraline and SSRI antidepressants in general may be associated with <a href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">bruxism</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Movement_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement disorders">movement disorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid32546134-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Sertraline appears to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Microscopic_colitis" title="Microscopic colitis">microscopic colitis</a>, a rare condition of unknown <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid30881078-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual">Sexual</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sexual">edit</a>]</div> Like other SSRIs, sertraline is associated with sexual side effects, including <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal_disorder" title="Sexual arousal disorder">sexual arousal disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">erectile dysfunction</a> and difficulty achieving <a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">orgasm</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">nefazodone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">bupropion</a> do not have negative effects on sexual functioning, 67% of men on sertraline experienced ejaculation difficulties versus 18% before the treatment.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11229450-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a> disorder, defined as "inadequate lubrication and swelling for women and erectile difficulties for men", occurred in 12% of people on sertraline as compared with 1% of patients on placebo. The mood improvement resulting from the treatment with sertraline sometimes counteracted these side effects, so that <a href="/wiki/Sexual_desire" title="Sexual desire">sexual desire</a> and overall satisfaction with sex stayed the same as before the sertraline treatment. However, under the action of placebo the desire and satisfaction slightly improved.<a href="#cite_note-pmid10363731-93">[93]</a> Some people continue experiencing sexual side effects after they stop taking SSRIs.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suicide">Suicide</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Suicide">edit</a>]</div> The US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) requires all antidepressants, including sertraline, to carry a <a href="/wiki/Boxed_warning" title="Boxed warning">boxed warning</a> stating that antidepressants increase the risk of suicide in persons younger than 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> This warning is based on statistical analyses conducted by two independent groups of FDA experts that found a 100% increase of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children and adolescents, and a 50% increase in the 18–24 age group.<a href="#cite_note-FDA-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA2-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA3-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_ideation" title="Suicidal ideation">Suicidal ideation</a> and behavior in clinical trials are rare. For the above analysis, the FDA combined the results of 295 trials of 11 antidepressants for psychiatric indications to obtain <a href="/wiki/Statistically_significant" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistically significant">statistically significant</a> results. Considered separately, sertraline use in adults decreased the odds of suicidal behavior with a marginal statistical significance of 37%<a href="#cite_note-FDA3-100">[100]</a> or 50%<a href="#cite_note-FDA2-99">[99]</a> depending on the statistical technique used. The authors of the FDA analysis note that "given the large number of comparisons made in this review, chance is a very plausible explanation for this difference".<a href="#cite_note-FDA2-99">[99]</a> The more complete data submitted later by the sertraline manufacturer Pfizer indicated increased suicidal behavior.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Similarly, the analysis conducted by the UK <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">MHRA</a> found a 50% increase of odds of suicide-related events, not reaching statistical significance, in the patients on sertraline as compared to the ones on placebo.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15718537-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overdose">Overdose</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Overdose">edit</a>]</div> Acute overdosage is often manifested by <a href="/wiki/Emesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesis">emesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">lethargy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">ataxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">tachycardia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">seizures</a>. Plasma, serum or blood concentrations of sertraline and norsertraline, its major <a href="/wiki/Active_metabolite" title="Active metabolite">active metabolite</a>, may be measured to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to aid in the medicolegal investigation of fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> As with most other SSRIs its toxicity in overdose is considered relatively low.<a href="#cite_note-Maudsley-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Interactions">edit</a>]</div> As with other SSRIs, sertraline may increase the risk of bleeding with <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">NSAIDs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">naproxen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">mefenamic acid</a>), <a href="/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug" title="Antiplatelet drug">antiplatelet drugs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3 fatty acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, and garlic <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">supplements</a> due to sertraline's inhibitory effects on <a href="/wiki/Platelet_aggregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelet aggregation">platelet aggregation</a> via blocking <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter">serotonin transporters</a> on platelets.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Sertraline, in particular, may potentially diminish the efficacy of <a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">levothyroxine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Sertraline is a moderate <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitor</a> of <a href="/wiki/CYP2D6" title="CYP2D6">CYP2D6</a> and <a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">CYP2B6</a> <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16192315-7">[7]</a> Accordingly, in human trials it caused increased blood levels of CYP2D6 <a href="/wiki/Substrate_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substrate (biochemistry)">substrates</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Metoprolol" title="Metoprolol">metoprolol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">dextromethorphan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a>/CYP2D6 substrate <a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">haloperidol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid9472843-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid10211917-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid10631623-111">[111]</a> This effect is dose-dependent; for example, co-administration with 50 mg of sertraline resulted in 20% greater exposure to desipramine, while 150 mg of sertraline led to a 70% increase.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12452737-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid17224709-112">[112]</a> In a placebo-controlled study, the concomitant administration of sertraline and <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a> caused a 40% increase in blood levels of the latter, which is primarily metabolized by CYP2B6.<a href="#cite_note-pmid10914294-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a> is metabolized by CYP2B6, which is inhibited by sertraline, and this may result in an interaction between sertraline and bupropion.<a href="#cite_note-TurpeinenZanger2012-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-SchatzbergHemeroff2024-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-MolnariHassanMyers2012-116">[116]</a> Sertraline had a slight inhibitory effect on the metabolism of <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolbutamide" title="Tolbutamide">tolbutamide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/CYP2C9" title="CYP2C9">CYP2C9</a> or <a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">CYP2C19</a> substrates; the clinical relevance of this effect was unclear.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12452737-8">[8]</a> As expected from in vitro data, sertraline did not alter the human metabolism of the CYP3A4 substrates <a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">erythromycin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">alprazolam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">carbamazepine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">clonazepam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terfenadine" title="Terfenadine">terfenadine</a>; neither did it affect metabolism of the <a href="/wiki/CYP1A2" title="CYP1A2">CYP1A2</a> substrate <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12452737-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid14709940-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid16192315-7">[7]</a> Sertraline did not affect the actions of <a href="/wiki/Digoxin" title="Digoxin">digoxin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atenolol" title="Atenolol">atenolol</a>, which are not metabolized in the liver.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Case_report" title="Case report">Case reports</a> suggest that taking sertraline with <a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">phenytoin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zolpidem" title="Zolpidem">zolpidem</a> may induce sertraline metabolism and decrease its efficacy,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and that taking sertraline with <a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">lamotrigine</a> may increase the blood level of lamotrigine, possibly by inhibition of glucuronidation.<a href="#cite_note-pmid9627209-120">[120]</a> CYP2C19 inhibitor <a href="/wiki/Esomeprazole" title="Esomeprazole">esomeprazole</a> increased sertraline concentrations in blood plasma by approximately 40%.<a href="#cite_note-pmid24887634-121">[121]</a> Clinical reports indicate that interaction between sertraline and the <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">MAOIs</a> <a href="/wiki/Isocarboxazid" title="Isocarboxazid">isocarboxazid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">tranylcypromine</a> may cause <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">serotonin syndrome</a>. In a placebo-controlled study in which sertraline was co-administered with <a href="/wiki/Lithium_pharmacology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium pharmacology">lithium</a>, 35% of the subjects experienced tremors, while none of those taking placebo did.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12452737-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pharmacology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable" style="font-size:small;"> <caption>Molecular targets of sertraline<a href="#cite_note-PDSP-122">[122]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th data-sort-type="number">Site</th> <th>Ki (nM)</th> <th>Species</th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter"><abbr title="Serotonin transporter">SERT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin transporter</td> <td>0.15–3.3</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid9537821-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9400006-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11543737-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter" title="Norepinephrine transporter"><abbr title="Norepinephrine transporter">NET</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine transporter</td> <td>420–925</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid9537821-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9400006-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11543737-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter"><abbr title="Dopamine transporter">DAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dopamine transporter</td> <td>22–315</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid9537821-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9400006-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11543737-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor" title="5-HT1A receptor">5-HT1A</a></td> <td>35000+</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid7855217-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT2A_receptor" title="5-HT2A receptor">5-HT2A</a></td> <td>2207</td> <td>Rat</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid11543737-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-HT2C_receptor" title="5-HT2C receptor">5-HT2C</a></td> <td>2298</td> <td>Pig</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid11543737-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1A_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor">α1A</a></td> <td>1900</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid32608144-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1B_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor">α1B</a></td> <td>3500</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid32608144-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1D_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor">α1D</a></td> <td>2500</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid32608144-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor">α2</a></td> <td>477–4100</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid9400006-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid7855217-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D2_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="D2 receptor">D2</a></td> <td>10700</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid7855217-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H1_receptor" title="Histamine H1 receptor">H1</a></td> <td>24000</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid7855217-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"><abbr title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors">mACh</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</td> <td>427–2100</td> <td>Human</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid11543737-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid7855217-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid8100134-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigma-1_receptor" title="Sigma-1 receptor">σ1</a></td> <td>32–57</td> <td>Rat</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AlbayrakHashimoto2017-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid20373470-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigma-2_receptor" title="Sigma-2 receptor">σ2</a></td> <td>5297</td> <td>Rat</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-pmid20373470-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="5" style="width: 1px;">Values are Ki (nM), unless otherwise noted. The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug binds to or inhibits the site. </td></tr></tbody></table> Sertraline is a <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SSRI). By binding to the <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter">serotonin transporter</a> (SERT) it inhibits neuronal <a href="/wiki/Reuptake" title="Reuptake">reuptake</a> of <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> and potentiates <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonergic</a> activity in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> Over time, this leads to a downregulation of pre-synaptic <a href="/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor" title="5-HT1A receptor">5-HT1A</a> receptors, which is associated with an improvement in passive stress tolerance, and delayed downstream increase in expression of <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">brain-derived neurotrophic factor</a> (BDNF), which may contribute to a reduction in negative affective biases.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> It does not significantly affect <a href="/wiki/Histamine_receptor" title="Histamine receptor">histamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor" title="Acetylcholine receptor">acetylcholine</a>, <a href="/wiki/GABA_receptor" title="GABA receptor">GABA</a> or <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepine</a> receptors.<a href="#cite_note-DailyMed-21">[21]</a> Sertraline also shows relatively high activity as an inhibitor of the <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter">dopamine transporter</a> (DAT) occupying ~20% of DAT receptors at doses 200mg and above, <a href="#cite_note-pmid9537821-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid11357798-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-HemmingsEgan2012-134">[134]</a> and antagonist of the <a href="/wiki/Sigma_receptor" title="Sigma receptor">sigma</a> <a href="/wiki/Sigma-1_receptor" title="Sigma-1 receptor">σ1 receptor</a> (but not the <a href="/wiki/Sigma-2_receptor" title="Sigma-2 receptor">σ2 receptor</a>).<a href="#cite_note-AlbayrakHashimoto2017-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid20373470-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid20021354-135">[135]</a> However, sertraline affinity for its main target (SERT) is much greater than its affinity for σ1 receptor and DAT.<a href="#cite_note-PDSP-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9537821-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid20373470-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-AlbayrakHashimoto2017-129">[129]</a> Although there could be a role for the σ1 receptor in the <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">pharmacology</a> of sertraline, the significance of this receptor in its actions is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-pmid11420570-32">[32]</a> Similarly, the clinical relevance of sertraline's blockade of the dopamine transporter is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-pmid9537821-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg/250px-Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg/375px-Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg/500px-Desmethylsertraline_skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">Desmethylsertraline</a>, the major <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a> of sertaline</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Absorption">Absorption</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Absorption">edit</a>]</div> Following a single oral dose of sertraline, mean peak blood levels of sertraline occur between 4.5 and 8.4 hours.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a> is likely linear and dose-proportional over a dose range of 150 to 200 mg.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> Concomitant intake of sertraline with food slightly increases sertraline peak levels and total exposure.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> There is an approximate 2-fold accumulation of sertraline with continuous administration and <a href="/wiki/Steady_state_(pharmacokinetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steady state (pharmacokinetics)">steady-state levels</a> are reached within one week.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Distribution">Distribution</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is highly <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">plasma protein bound</a> (98.5%) across a concentration range of 20 to 500 ng/mL.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> Despite the high plasma protein binding, sertraline and its <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a> <a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">desmethylsertraline</a> at respective tested concentrations of 300 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL were found not to interfere with the plasma protein binding of <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Propranolol" title="Propranolol">propranolol</a>, two other highly plasma protein-bound drugs.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Metabolism">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline is subject to extensive <a href="/wiki/First-pass_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="First-pass metabolism">first-pass metabolism</a>, as indicated by a small study of <a href="/wiki/Radiolabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiolabel">radiolabeled</a> sertraline in which less than 5% of plasma <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactivity</a> was unchanged sertraline in two males.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> The principal <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">metabolic pathway</a> for sertraline is <a href="/wiki/Demethylation" title="Demethylation">N-demethylation</a> into <a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">desmethylsertraline</a> (N-desmethylsertraline) mainly by <a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">CYP2B6</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15547048-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">Reduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroxylation" title="Hydroxylation">hydroxylation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glucuronidation" title="Glucuronidation">glucuronide</a> <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (biochemistry)">conjugation</a> of both sertraline and desmethylsertraline also occur.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> Desmethylsertraline, while <a href="/wiki/Pharmacologically_active" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacologically active">pharmacologically active</a>, is substantially (50-fold) weaker than sertraline as a <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Serotonin reuptake inhibitor">serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> and its influence on the clinical effects of sertraline is thought to be negligible.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9400006-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-In_Vivo_SERT_binding-136">[136]</a> Based on <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a> studies, sertraline is <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolized</a> by multiple <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_450" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytochrome 450">cytochrome 450</a> <a href="/wiki/Isoenzyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoenzyme">isoforms</a>;<a href="#cite_note-pmid15547048-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid10383917-137">[137]</a> however, it appears that in the human body <a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">CYP2C19</a> plays the most important role, followed by <a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">CYP2B6</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29136336-138">[138]</a> In addition to the cytochrome P450 system, sertraline can be <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidatively</a> <a href="/wiki/Deamination" title="Deamination">deaminated</a> <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a> by <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase" title="Monoamine oxidase">monoamine oxidases</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> however, this <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">metabolic pathway</a> has never been studied <a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid15547048-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elimination">Elimination</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Elimination">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Elimination_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination half-life">elimination half-life</a> of sertraline is on average 26 hours, with a range of 13 to 45 hours.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid12452737-8">[8]</a> The elimination half-life of desmethylsertraline is 62 to 104 hours.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> In a small study of two males, sertraline was <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excreted</a> to similar degrees in <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> (40 to 45% each within 9 days).<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> Unchanged sertraline was not detectable in urine, whereas 12 to 14% of unchanged sertraline was present in feces.<a href="#cite_note-FDALabel-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacogenomics">Pharmacogenomics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pharmacogenomics">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/CYP2C19" title="CYP2C19">CYP2C19</a> and <a href="/wiki/CYP2B6" title="CYP2B6">CYP2B6</a> are thought to be the key <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">cytochrome P450</a> <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> involved in the <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> of sertraline.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29136336-138">[138]</a> Relative to CYP2C19 <a href="/wiki/Extensive_metabolizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensive metabolizer">normal (extensive) metabolizers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poor_metabolizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor metabolizer">poor metabolizers</a> have 2.7-fold higher levels of sertraline<a href="#cite_note-pmid31649299-139">[139]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_metabolizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate metabolizer">intermediate metabolizers</a> have 1.4-fold higher levels.<a href="#cite_note-pmid33237321-140">[140]</a> In contrast, CYP2B6 poor metabolizers have 1.6-fold higher levels of sertraline and intermediate metabolizers have 1.2-fold higher levels.<a href="#cite_note-pmid29136336-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sertraline_precursors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sertraline_precursors.svg/330px-Sertraline_precursors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sertraline_precursors.svg/495px-Sertraline_precursors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sertraline_precursors.svg/660px-Sertraline_precursors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula" title="Skeletal formula">Skeletal formulae</a> of thiothixene, lometraline and tametraline, from which sertraline was derived. Commonalities to the structure of sertraline are highlighted in red.</figcaption></figure> The history of sertraline dates back to the early 1970s when <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> chemist Reinhard Sarges invented a novel series of psychoactive compounds, including <a href="/wiki/Lometraline" title="Lometraline">lometraline</a>, based on the structures of the neuroleptics <a href="/wiki/Thiothixene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiothixene">thiothixene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinoxepin" title="Pinoxepin">pinoxepin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Welch-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Further work on these compounds led to <a href="/wiki/Tametraline" title="Tametraline">tametraline</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor">norepinephrine</a> and weaker <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitor">dopamine reuptake inhibitor</a>. Development of tametraline was soon stopped because of undesired <a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">stimulant</a> effects observed in animals. A few years later, in 1977, pharmacologist <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Koe" title="Kenneth Koe">Kenneth Koe</a>, after comparing the structural features of a variety of reuptake inhibitors, became interested in the tametraline series. He asked another Pfizer chemist, Willard Welch, to synthesize some previously unexplored tametraline derivatives. Welch generated several potent norepinephrine and <a href="/wiki/Serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor">triple reuptake</a> inhibitors, but to the surprise of the scientists, one representative of the generally inactive <a href="/wiki/Cis-trans_isomerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cis-trans isomerism">cis-analogs</a> was a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Welch then prepared <a href="/wiki/Stereoisomerism" title="Stereoisomerism">stereoisomers</a> of this compound, which were tested <a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a> by animal <a href="/wiki/Behavioural_sciences" title="Behavioural sciences">behavioral scientist</a> Albert Weissman. The most potent and selective (+)-isomer was taken into further development and eventually named sertraline. Weissman and Koe recalled that the group did not set up to produce an antidepressant of the SSRI type—in that sense their inquiry was not "very goal driven", and the invention of the sertraline molecule was <a href="/wiki/Serendipity#Pharmacology" title="Serendipity">serendipitous</a>. According to Welch, they worked outside the mainstream at Pfizer, and even "did not have a formal project team". The group had to overcome initial bureaucratic reluctance to pursue sertraline development, as Pfizer was considering licensing an antidepressant candidate from another company.<a href="#cite_note-Welch-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Sertraline was approved by the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) in 1991 based on the recommendation of the Psychopharmacological Drugs Advisory Committee; it had already become available in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-He168-145">[145]</a> The FDA committee achieved a consensus that sertraline was safe and effective for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depression</a>. During the discussion, Paul Leber, the director of the FDA Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products, noted that granting approval was a "tough decision", since the treatment effect on <a href="/wiki/Patient#Outpatient_vs_inpatientOutpatients_and_inpatients" title="Patient">outpatients</a> with depression had been "modest to minimal". Other experts emphasized that the drug's effect on inpatients had not differed from <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a> and criticized the poor design of the clinical trials by Pfizer.<a href="#cite_note-pdac-146">[146]</a> For example, 40% of participants dropped out of the trials, significantly decreasing their <a href="/wiki/Validity_(statistics)" title="Validity (statistics)">validity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid8573661-147">[147]</a> Until 2002, sertraline was only approved for use in adults ages 18 and over; that year, it was approved by the FDA for use in treating children aged 6 or older with severe OCD. In 2003, the UK <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a> issued guidance that, apart from <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a> (Prozac), SSRIs are not suitable for the treatment of depression in patients under 18.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> However, sertraline can still be used in the UK for the treatment of OCD in children and adolescents.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In 2005, the FDA added a <a href="/wiki/Boxed_warning" title="Boxed warning">boxed warning</a> concerning pediatric suicidal behavior to all <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressants</a>, including sertraline. In 2007, labeling was again changed to add a warning regarding suicidal behavior in young adults ages 18 to 24.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generic_availability">Generic availability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Generic availability">edit</a>]</div> The US patent for Zoloft expired in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> and sertraline is available in <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic</a> form and is marketed under many brand names worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-Brand2015-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_names">Brand names</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Brand names">edit</a>]</div> In the US, Zoloft is marketed by <a href="/wiki/Viatris" title="Viatris">Viatris</a> after Upjohn was spun off from Pfizer.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interest_during_COVID-19_pandemic">Interest during COVID-19 pandemic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Interest during COVID-19 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline has been the most sought-after antidepressant worldwide before, during, and after the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Google_Trends" title="Google Trends">Google Trends</a> data. The pandemic has led to an increase in searches for antidepressants, with sertraline, <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">duloxetine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">venlafaxine</a> showing the highest search volumes, whereas searches of <a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">citalopram</a> decreased during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-pmid37731683-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other uses">edit</a>]</div> Sertraline may be useful to treat <a href="/wiki/Murine_Zaire_ebolavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Murine Zaire ebolavirus">murine Zaire ebolavirus</a> (murine EBOV).<a href="#cite_note-Ebola-treatment-157">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) considers this a promising area of research.<a href="#cite_note-Ebola-treatment-157">[157]</a> Lass-Flörl et al., 2003 finds it significantly inhibits <a href="/wiki/Phospholipase_B" title="Phospholipase B">phospholipase B</a> in the fungal genus <a href="/wiki/Candida_(fungus)" title="Candida (fungus)">Candida</a>, reducing <a href="/wiki/Virulence" title="Virulence">virulence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Phospholipase-B-158">[158]</a> Sertraline is also a very effective leishmanicide.<a href="#cite_note-Chamber-of-Secrets-159">[159]</a> Specifically, Palit & Ali 2008 find that sertraline kills almost all <a href="/wiki/Promastigote" class="mw-redirect" title="Promastigote">promastigotes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leishmania_donovani" title="Leishmania donovani">Leishmania donovani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chamber-of-Secrets-159">[159]</a> Sertraline is strongly <a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">antibacterial</a> against some species.<a href="#cite_note-Chamber-of-Secrets-159">[159]</a> It is also known to act as a <a href="/wiki/Photosensitizer" title="Photosensitizer">photosensitizer</a> of bacterial surfaces.<a href="#cite_note-Photosensitizers-160">[160]</a> In combination with antibacterials its photosensitization effect reverses <a href="/wiki/Antibacterial_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial resistance">antibacterial resistance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Photosensitizers-160">[160]</a> As such sertraline shows promise for <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">food preservation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Photosensitizers-160">[160]</a> Lass-Flörl et al., 2003 finds this compound acts as a <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicide</a> against <a href="/wiki/Candida_parapsilosis" title="Candida parapsilosis">Candida parapsilosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Immunomodulation-161">[161]</a> Its anti-Cp effect is indeed due to its <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonergic</a> activity and not its other effects.<a href="#cite_note-Immunomodulation-161">[161]</a> Sertraline is a promising <a href="/wiki/Trypanocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypanocide">trypanocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tcruz-162">[162]</a> It acts at several different <a href="/wiki/Trypanosoma#Hosts,_life_cycle_and_morphologies" title="Trypanosoma">life stages</a> and against several <a href="/wiki/Strain_(biology)" title="Strain (biology)">strains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tcruz-162">[162]</a> Sertraline's trypanocidal <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanism of action</a> is by way of interference with <a href="/wiki/Bioenergetics" title="Bioenergetics">bioenergetics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tcruz-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_antidepressants" title="List of antidepressants">List of antidepressants</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brand2015-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brand2015_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brand2015_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/international/sertraline.html">"Sertraline international"</a>. 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Neuropsychopharmacology. 45 (3): 570–576. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41386-019-0554-x">10.1038/s41386-019-0554-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6969041">6969041</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31649299">31649299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+CYP2C19+genotype+on+sertraline+exposure+in+1200+Scandinavian+patients&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E570-%3C%2Fspan%3E576&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6969041%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31649299&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41386-019-0554-x&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A5ten&rft.aufirst=LS&rft.au=Haslemo%2C+T&rft.au=Jukic%2C+MM&rft.au=Ingelman-Sundberg%2C+M&rft.au=Molden%2C+E&rft.au=Kringen%2C+MK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6969041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid33237321-140"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid33237321_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilosavljevicBukvicPavlovicMiljevic2020" class="citation journal cs1">Milosavljevic F, Bukvic N, Pavlovic Z, Miljevic C, Pešic V, Molden E, et al. (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7702196">"Association of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Poor and Intermediate Metabolizer Status With Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"</a>. JAMA Psychiatry. 78 (3): 270–280. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2020.3643">10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3643</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7702196">7702196</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33237321">33237321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Association+of+CYP2C19+and+CYP2D6+Poor+and+Intermediate+Metabolizer+Status+With+Antidepressant+and+Antipsychotic+Exposure%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-analysis&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E270-%3C%2Fspan%3E280&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7702196%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33237321&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2020.3643&rft.aulast=Milosavljevic&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Bukvic%2C+N&rft.au=Pavlovic%2C+Z&rft.au=Miljevic%2C+C&rft.au=Pe%C5%A1ic%2C+V&rft.au=Molden%2C+E&rft.au=Ingelman-Sundberg%2C+M&rft.au=Leucht%2C+S&rft.au=Jukic%2C+MM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7702196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welch-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Welch_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welch_141-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelch1995" class="citation book cs1">Welch WM (1995). Discovery and Development of Sertraline. Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 3. pp. 113–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1067-5698%2806%2980005-2">10.1016/S1067-5698(06)80005-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55938-798-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55938-798-9"><bdi>978-1-55938-798-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+and+Development+of+Sertraline&rft.series=Advances+in+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1067-5698%2806%2980005-2&rft.isbn=978-1-55938-798-9&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=WM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargesTretterTenenWeissman1973" class="citation journal cs1">Sarges R, Tretter JR, Tenen SS, Weissman A (September 1973). "5,8-Disubstituted 1-aminotetralins. A class of compounds with a novel profile of central nervous system activity". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 16 (9): 1003–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjm00267a010">10.1021/jm00267a010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4795663">4795663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=5%2C8-Disubstituted+1-aminotetralins.+A+class+of+compounds+with+a+novel+profile+of+central+nervous+system+activity&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1003-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=1973-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjm00267a010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4795663&rft.aulast=Sarges&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Tretter%2C+JR&rft.au=Tenen%2C+SS&rft.au=Weissman%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullin2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mullin R (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v084n010.p045">"ACS Award for Team Innovation"</a>. Chemical & Engineering News. 84 (5): 45–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v084n010.p045">10.1021/cen-v084n010.p045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=ACS+Award+for+Team+Innovation&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcen-v084n010.p045&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%252Fcen-v084n010.p045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> A short blurb on the history of sertraline, see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouzin2005" class="citation journal cs1">Couzin J (July 2005). "The brains behind blockbusters". Science. 309 (5735): 728. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.309.5735.728">10.1126/science.309.5735.728</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16051786">16051786</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45532935">45532935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+brains+behind+blockbusters&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=5735&rft.pages=728&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45532935%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16051786&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.309.5735.728&rft.aulast=Couzin&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-He168-145"><a href="#cite_ref-He168_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Healy_(psychiatrist)" title="David Healy (psychiatrist)">Healy D</a> (1999). The Antidepressant Era. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03958-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03958-2"><bdi>978-0-674-03958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antidepressant+Era&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03958-2&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdac-146"><a href="#cite_ref-pdac_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healyprozac.com/PDAC/PDAC-Zoloft%20Nov%2090.pdf">"Minutes of the 33rd Meeting of Psychopharmacological Drugs Advisory Committee on November 19, 1990"</a> (PDF). FDA. 1990. Retrieved 11 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+the+33rd+Meeting+of+Psychopharmacological+Drugs+Advisory+Committee+on+November+19%2C+1990&rft.pub=FDA&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healyprozac.com%2FPDAC%2FPDAC-Zoloft%2520Nov%252090.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8573661-147"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8573661_147-0">^</a> See also:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabreAbuzzahabAminClaghorn1995" class="citation journal cs1">Fabre LF, Abuzzahab FS, Amin M, Claghorn JL, Mendels J, Petrie WM, et al. (November 1995). "Sertraline safety and efficacy in major depression: a double-blind fixed-dose comparison with placebo". Biological Psychiatry. 38 (9): 592–602. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0006-3223%2895%2900178-8">10.1016/0006-3223(95)00178-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8573661">8573661</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27253073">27253073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Sertraline+safety+and+efficacy+in+major+depression%3A+a+double-blind+fixed-dose+comparison+with+placebo&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E592-%3C%2Fspan%3E602&rft.date=1995-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27253073%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8573661&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0006-3223%2895%2900178-8&rft.aulast=Fabre&rft.aufirst=LF&rft.au=Abuzzahab%2C+FS&rft.au=Amin%2C+M&rft.au=Claghorn%2C+JL&rft.au=Mendels%2C+J&rft.au=Petrie%2C+WM&rft.au=Dub%C3%A9%2C+S&rft.au=Small%2C+JG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080616231154/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON002045">"Safety review of antidepressants used by children completed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">MHRA</a>. 10 December 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON002045">the original</a> on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Safety+review+of+antidepressants+used+by+children+completed&rft.pub=MHRA&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhra.gov.uk%2FNewsCentre%2FPressreleases%2FCON002045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoseley2003" class="citation news cs1">Boseley S (10 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,1103563,00.html">"Drugs for depressed children banned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 19 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Drugs+for+depressed+children+banned&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft.aulast=Boseley&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C1103563%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080802183642/http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Safetyinformation/Safetywarningsalertsandrecalls/Safetywarningsandmessagesformedicines/CON019494">"Overview of regulatory status and CSM advice relating to major depressive disorder in children and adolescents"</a>. MHRA. 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Retrieved 17 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+regulatory+status+and+CSM+advice+relating+to+major+depressive+disorder+in+children+and+adolescents&rft.pub=MHRA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhra.gov.uk%2FSafetyinformation%2FSafetywarningsalertsandrecalls%2FSafetywarningsandmessagesformedicines%2FCON019494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFood_and_Drug_Administration2007" class="citation web cs1">Food and Drug Administration (2 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01624.html">"FDA Proposes New Warnings About Suicidal Thinking, Behavior in Young Adults Who Take Antidepressant Medications"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Psychotropics+and+the+Microbiome%3A+a+Chamber+of+Secrets...&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1411-%3C%2Fspan%3E1432&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6598948%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71145305%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30806744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00213-019-5185-8&rft.aulast=Cussotto&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Clarke%2C+G&rft.au=Dinan%2C+TG&rft.au=Cryan%2C+JF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6598948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chamber-of-Secrets-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chamber-of-Secrets_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chamber-of-Secrets_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chamber-of-Secrets_159-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCussottoClarkeDinanCryan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Cussotto S, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6598948">"Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets..."</a> Psychopharmacology. 236 (5). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_and_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science and Business Media">Springer Science and Business Media</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Behavioural_Pharmacology_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (page does not exist)">European Behavioural Pharmacology Society</a> (EBPS)): 1411–1432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00213-019-5185-8">10.1007/s00213-019-5185-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6598948">6598948</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806744">30806744</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71145305">71145305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Psychotropics+and+the+Microbiome%3A+a+Chamber+of+Secrets...&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1411-%3C%2Fspan%3E1432&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6598948%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71145305%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30806744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00213-019-5185-8&rft.aulast=Cussotto&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Clarke%2C+G&rft.au=Dinan%2C+TG&rft.au=Cryan%2C+JF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6598948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Photosensitizers-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Photosensitizers_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Photosensitizers_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Photosensitizers_160-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaldonado-CarmonaOukCalvetePereira2020" class="citation journal cs1">Maldonado-Carmona N, Ouk TS, Calvete MJ, Pereira MM, Villandier N, Leroy-Lhez S (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FC9PP00398C">"Conjugating biomaterials with photosensitizers: advances and perspectives for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy"</a>. Paper. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 19 (4). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (RSC): 445–461. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PhPhS..19..445M">2020PhPhS..19..445M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FC9PP00398C">10.1039/C9PP00398C</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32104827">32104827</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211537822">211537822</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemical+%26+Photobiological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Conjugating+biomaterials+with+photosensitizers%3A+advances+and+perspectives+for+photodynamic+antimicrobial+chemotherapy&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E445-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FC9PP00398C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211537822%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32104827&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PhPhS..19..445M&rft.aulast=Maldonado-Carmona&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Ouk%2C+TS&rft.au=Calvete%2C+MJ&rft.au=Pereira%2C+MM&rft.au=Villandier%2C+N&rft.au=Leroy-Lhez%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1039%252FC9PP00398C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Immunomodulation-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Immunomodulation_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Immunomodulation_161-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArreolaBecerril-VillanuevaCruz-FuentesVelasco-Velázquez2015" class="citation journal cs1">Arreola R, Becerril-Villanueva E, Cruz-Fuentes C, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Garcés-Alvarez ME, Hurtado-Alvarado G, et al. 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Journal of Immunology Research. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Hindawi_Publishing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindawi Publishing Corporation">Hindawi Publishing Corporation</a>: 354957. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2015%2F354957">10.1155/2015/354957</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417587">4417587</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25961058">25961058</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17202427">17202427</a>. 354957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology+Research&rft.atitle=Immunomodulatory+effects+mediated+by+serotonin&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=354957&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4417587%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17202427%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25961058&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2015%2F354957&rft.aulast=Arreola&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Becerril-Villanueva%2C+E&rft.au=Cruz-Fuentes%2C+C&rft.au=Velasco-Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C+MA&rft.au=Garc%C3%A9s-Alvarez%2C+ME&rft.au=Hurtado-Alvarado%2C+G&rft.au=Quintero-Fabian%2C+S&rft.au=Pav%C3%B3n%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4417587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tcruz-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tcruz_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tcruz_162-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tcruz_162-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassanzadehAtyabiDinarvand2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hassanzadeh P, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R (2019). "The significance of artificial intelligence in drug delivery system design". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 151–152. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_BV" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier BV">Elsevier BV</a>: 169–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.addr.2019.05.001">10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31071378">31071378</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149445737">149445737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Drug+Delivery+Reviews&rft.atitle=The+significance+of+artificial+intelligence+in+drug+delivery+system+design&rft.volume=151-152&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E190&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149445737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31071378&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.addr.2019.05.001&rft.aulast=Hassanzadeh&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Atyabi%2C+F&rft.au=Dinarvand%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> This review cites this study: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreiraMesquitada_Costa_SilvaRomanelli2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ferreira DD, Mesquita JT, da Costa Silva TA, Romanelli MM, da Gama Jaen Batista D, da Silva CF, et al. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208092">"Efficacy of sertraline against Trypanosoma cruzi: an in vitro and in silico study"</a>. The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 24 (1). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_and_Business_Media_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science and Business Media LLC">Springer Science and Business Media LLC</a>: 30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40409-018-0165-8">10.1186/s40409-018-0165-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208092">6208092</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30450114">30450114</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53114045">53114045</a>. CEVAP/UNESP - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_de_Estudos_de_Venenos_e_Animais_Pe%C3%A7onhentos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (page does not exist)">Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos</a> São Paulo State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Venomous+Animals+and+Toxins+Including+Tropical+Diseases&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+sertraline+against+Trypanosoma+cruzi%3A+an+in+vitro+and+in+silico+study&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6208092%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53114045%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30450114&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40409-018-0165-8&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+JT&rft.au=da+Costa+Silva%2C+TA&rft.au=Romanelli%2C+MM&rft.au=da+Gama+Jaen+Batista%2C+D&rft.au=da+Silva%2C+CF&rft.au=da+Gama%2C+AN&rft.au=Neves%2C+BJ&rft.au=Melo-Filho%2C+CC&rft.au=Correia+Soeiro%2C+MN&rft.au=Andrade%2C+CH&rft.au=Tempone%2C+AG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6208092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASertraline" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertraline&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antidepressants_(N06A)246" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antidepressants" title="Template:Antidepressants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antidepressants" title="Template talk:Antidepressants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antidepressants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antidepressants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antidepressants_(N06A)246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06A" title="ATC code N06">N06A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Specific_reuptake_inhibitors_and/or_receptor_modulators246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Specific <a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">reuptake inhibitors</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">receptor modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">Citalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">Escitalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">Fluvoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indalpine" title="Indalpine">Indalpine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">Paroxetine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimelidine" title="Zimelidine">Zimelidine</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin%E2%80%93norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">SNRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desvenlafaxine" title="Desvenlafaxine">Desvenlafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">Duloxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomilnacipran" title="Levomilnacipran">Levomilnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnacipran" title="Milnacipran">Milnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofenacin" title="Tofenacin">Tofenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">NRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomoxetine" title="Atomoxetine">Atomoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboxetine" title="Reboxetine">Reboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viloxazine" title="Viloxazine">Viloxazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine%E2%80%93dopamine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors">NDRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomifensine" title="Nomifensine">Nomifensine</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noradrenergic_and_specific_serotonergic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants"><abbr title="Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants">NaSSAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiptiline" title="Setiptiline">Setiptiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_antagonist_and_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors">SARIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etoperidone" title="Etoperidone">Etoperidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">Trazodone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_modulator_and_stimulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin modulator and stimulators"><abbr title="Serotonin modulator and stimulators">SMS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin modulator and stimulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilazodone" title="Vilazodone">Vilazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortioxetine" title="Vortioxetine">Vortioxetine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agomelatine" title="Agomelatine">Agomelatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amisulpride" title="Amisulpride">Amisulpride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan/bupropion" title="Dextromethorphan/bupropion">Dextromethorphan/bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">Esketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Ethyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ethyltryptamine">Etryptamine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepirone" title="Gepirone">Gepirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeloxazine" title="Indeloxazine">Indeloxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupentixol" title="Flupentixol">Flupentixol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medifoxamine" title="Medifoxamine">Medifoxamine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methyltryptamine">Metryptamine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaflozane" title="Oxaflozane">Oxaflozane</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivagabine" title="Pivagabine">Pivagabine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandospirone" title="Tandospirone">Tandospirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teniloxazine" title="Teniloxazine">Teniloxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine">Tianeptine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tricyclic_and_tetracyclic_antidepressants246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic" title="Tricyclic">Tricyclic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">tetracyclic antidepressants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tricyclic antidepressants">TCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptylinoxide" title="Amitriptylinoxide">Amitriptylinoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">Butriptyline</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demexiptiline" title="Demexiptiline">Demexiptiline</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibenzepin" title="Dibenzepin">Dibenzepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetacrine" title="Dimetacrine">Dimetacrine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">Dosulepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">Doxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipraminoxide" title="Imipraminoxide">Imipraminoxide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iprindole" title="Iprindole">Iprindole</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">Lofepramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melitracen" title="Melitracen">Melitracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapramine" title="Metapramine">Metapramine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxazepine" title="Nitroxazepine">Nitroxazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">Nortriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noxiptiline" title="Noxiptiline">Noxiptiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipofezine" title="Pipofezine">Pipofezine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propizepine" title="Propizepine">Propizepine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">Protriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinupramine" title="Quinupramine">Quinupramine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">Trimipramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tetracyclic antidepressants">TeCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">Maprotiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">Mirtazapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiptiline" title="Setiptiline">Setiptiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiazesim" title="Tiazesim">Tiazesim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">Monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-selective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Irreversible: <a href="/wiki/Benmoxin" title="Benmoxin">Benmoxin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproclozide" title="Iproclozide">Iproclozide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproniazid" title="Iproniazid">Iproniazid</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocarboxazid" title="Isocarboxazid">Isocarboxazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">Isoniazid</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid">Linezolid</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebanazine" title="Mebanazine">Mebanazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nialamide" title="Nialamide">Nialamide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamoxin" title="Octamoxin">Octamoxin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenelzine" title="Phenelzine">Phenelzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheniprazine" title="Pheniprazine">Pheniprazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoxypropazine" title="Phenoxypropazine">Phenoxypropazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivhydrazine" title="Pivhydrazine">Pivhydrazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safrazine" title="Safrazine">Safrazine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedizolid" title="Tedizolid">Tedizolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Reversible: <a href="/wiki/Caroxazone" title="Caroxazone">Caroxazone</a>‡</li></ul> <ul><li>Mixed: <a href="/wiki/Bifemelane" title="Bifemelane">Bifemelane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_A" title="Monoamine oxidase A"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase A">MAOA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase A-selective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reversible: <a href="/wiki/Eprobemide" title="Eprobemide">Eprobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metralindole" title="Metralindole">Metralindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaprine" title="Minaprine">Minaprine</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">Moclobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirlindole" title="Pirlindole">Pirlindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrindole" title="Tetrindole">Tetrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toloxatone" title="Toloxatone">Toloxatone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_B" title="Monoamine oxidase B"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase B">MAOB</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase B-selective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Irreversible: <a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adjunctive_therapies246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy" title="Adjuvant therapy">Adjunctive therapies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexpiprazole" title="Brexpiprazole">brexpiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lurasidone" title="Lurasidone">lurasidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">Buspirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">Lithium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lithium_carbonate" title="Lithium carbonate">lithium carbonate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithium_citrate" title="Lithium citrate">lithium citrate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone">Thyroid hormones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triiodothyronine" title="Triiodothyronine">triiodothyronine</a> (T3), <a href="/wiki/Levothyroxine" title="Levothyroxine">levothyroxine</a> (T4))</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Miscellaneous246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ademetionine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ademetionine">Ademetionine (<abbr title="S-adenosyl-L-methionine">SAMe</abbr>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator" title="GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator">GABAkine</a> <a href="/wiki/Neurosteroid" title="Neurosteroid">neurosteroids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">brexanolone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuranolone" title="Zuranolone">zuranolone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitriptan" title="Oxitriptan">Oxitriptan (<abbr title="5-hydroxytryptophan">5-HTP</abbr>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_chloride" title="Rubidium chloride">Rubidium chloride (RbCl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anxiolytics_(N05B)1695" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anxiolytics" title="Template:Anxiolytics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anxiolytics" title="Template talk:Anxiolytics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anxiolytics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anxiolytics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anxiolytics_(N05B)1695" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">Anxiolytics</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N05#N05B" title="ATC code N05">N05B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor" title="5-HT1A receptor"><abbr title="5-HT1A receptor">5-HT1AR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip 5-HT1A receptor <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">Buspirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepirone" title="Gepirone">Gepirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandospirone" title="Tandospirone">Tandospirone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor"><abbr title="GABAA receptor">GABAAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip GABAA receptor <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulators"><abbr title="positive allosteric modulators">PAMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip positive allosteric modulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adinazolam" title="Adinazolam">Adinazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">Alprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazepam" title="Bromazepam">Bromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camazepam" title="Camazepam">Camazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobazam" title="Clobazam">Clobazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">Clonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorazepate" title="Clorazepate">Clorazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotiazepam" title="Clotiazepam">Clotiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxazolam" title="Cloxazolam">Cloxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_loflazepate" title="Ethyl loflazepate">Ethyl loflazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etizolam" title="Etizolam">Etizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludiazepam" title="Fludiazepam">Fludiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halazepam" title="Halazepam">Halazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketazolam" title="Ketazolam">Ketazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medazepam" title="Medazepam">Medazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordazepam" title="Nordazepam">Nordazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazepam" title="Oxazepam">Oxazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinazepam" title="Pinazepam">Pinazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prazepam" title="Prazepam">Prazepam</a>; Others: <a href="/wiki/Alpidem" title="Alpidem">Alpidem</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">phenobarbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Meprobamate" title="Meprobamate">meprobamate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carisoprodol" title="Carisoprodol">Carisoprodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormezanone" title="Chlormezanone">Chlormezanone</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etifoxine" title="Etifoxine">Etifoxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hypnotic" title="Hypnotic">Hypnotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zopiclone" title="Zopiclone">Zopiclone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Gabapentinoid" title="Gabapentinoid">Gabapentinoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel#.CE.B12.CE.B4_Subunit" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel"><abbr title="alpha2delta subunit">α2δ</abbr> <abbr title="voltage-dependent calcium channel">VDCC</abbr></a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_blocker" title="Channel blocker">blockers</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">Gabapentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin_enacarbil" title="Gabapentin enacarbil">Gabapentin enacarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">Pregabalin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin-norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">SNRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">duloxetine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_antagonist_and_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors">SARIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">trazodone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tricyclic antidepressants">TCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>#)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tetracyclic antidepressants">TeCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitors"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitors">MAOIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phenelzine" title="Phenelzine">phenelzine</a>); Others: <a href="/wiki/Agomelatine" title="Agomelatine">Agomelatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianeptine" title="Tianeptine">Tianeptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilazodone" title="Vilazodone">Vilazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortioxetine" title="Vortioxetine">Vortioxetine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">Quetiapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupentixol" title="Flupentixol">Flupentixol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sympatholytic" title="Sympatholytic">Sympatholytics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antiadrenergic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiadrenergic">Antiadrenergics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1_blocker" title="Alpha-1 blocker">Alpha-1 blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Prazosin" title="Prazosin">prazosin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-2 agonist">Alpha-2 agonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">clonidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dexmedetomidine" title="Dexmedetomidine">dexmedetomidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanfacine" title="Guanfacine">guanfacine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">Beta blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Propranolol" title="Propranolol">propranolol</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoctamine" title="Benzoctamine">Benzoctamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycloserine" title="Cycloserine">Cycloserine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabomotizole" title="Fabomotizole">Fabomotizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">Hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorpiprazole" title="Lorpiprazole">Lorpiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebicar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mebicar">Mebicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepiprazole" title="Mepiprazole">Mepiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaflozane" title="Oxaflozane">Oxaflozane</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenaglycodol" title="Phenaglycodol">Phenaglycodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picamilon" title="Picamilon">Picamilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selank" title="Selank">Selank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiagabine" title="Tiagabine">Tiagabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofisopam" title="Tofisopam">Tofisopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validolum" class="mw-redirect" title="Validolum">Validolum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="OCD_pharmacotherapies152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OCD_pharmacotherapies" title="Template:OCD pharmacotherapies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OCD_pharmacotherapies" title="Template talk:OCD pharmacotherapies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OCD_pharmacotherapies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OCD pharmacotherapies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="OCD_pharmacotherapies152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder#Medication" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder"><abbr title="Obsessive-compulsive disorder">OCD</abbr> pharmacotherapies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (<a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">citalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">escitalopram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">fluoxetine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">fluvoxamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">sertraline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin-norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">SNRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (<a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">venlafaxine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricyclic antidepressants"><abbr title="Tricyclic antidepressants">TCAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants (<a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">haloperidol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">risperidone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors3413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template talk:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors3413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Monoamine reuptake inhibitor">Monoamine reuptake inhibitors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter"><abbr title="Dopamine transporter">DAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dopamine transporter (<a href="/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitors">DRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dopamine reuptake inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Piperazines: <a href="/wiki/DBL-583" title="DBL-583">DBL-583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-12783" title="GBR-12783">GBR-12783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-12935" title="GBR-12935">GBR-12935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-13069" title="GBR-13069">GBR-13069</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-13098" title="GBR-13098">GBR-13098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JJC8-088" title="JJC8-088">JJC8-088</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanoxerine" title="Vanoxerine">Vanoxerine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Piperidines: <a href="/wiki/4-Fluoropethidine" title="4-Fluoropethidine">4-Fluoropethidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benocyclidine" title="Benocyclidine">Benocyclidine (BTCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoxypipradrol" title="Desoxypipradrol">Desoxypipradrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexmethylphenidate" title="Dexmethylphenidate">Dexmethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difemetorex" title="Difemetorex">Difemetorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylphenidate" title="Ethylphenidate">Ethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMP-28" title="HDMP-28">HDMP-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine (meperidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">Phencyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipradrol" title="Pipradrol">Pipradrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdexmethylphenidate" title="Serdexmethylphenidate">Serdexmethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenocyclidine" title="Tenocyclidine">Tenocyclidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pyrrolidines: <a href="/wiki/Diphenylprolinol" title="Diphenylprolinol">Diphenylprolinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxypyrovalerone" title="Methylenedioxypyrovalerone">MDPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphyrone" title="Naphyrone">Naphyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolintane" title="Prolintane">Prolintane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrovalerone" title="Pyrovalerone">Pyrovalerone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tropanes: <a href="/wiki/Altropane" title="Altropane">Altropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzatropine" title="Benzatropine">Benzatropine (benztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasofensine" title="Brasofensine">Brasofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_35428" class="mw-redirect" title="WIN 35428">CFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloropane" title="Dichloropane">Dichloropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluoropine" title="Difluoropine">Difluoropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etybenzatropine" title="Etybenzatropine">Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FE-%CE%B2-CPPIT" title="FE-β-CPPIT">FE-β-CPPIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FP-%CE%B2-CPPIT" title="FP-β-CPPIT">FP-β-CPPIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioflupane_(123I)" title="Ioflupane (123I)">Ioflupane (123I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-55" title="RTI-55">RTI-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-112" title="RTI-112">RTI-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-113" title="RTI-113">RTI-113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-121" title="RTI-121">RTI-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-126" title="RTI-126">RTI-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-150" title="RTI-150">RTI-150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-177" title="RTI-177">RTI-177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-229" title="RTI-229">RTI-229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(-)-2%CE%B2-(3-(4-Methylphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3%CE%B2-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane" class="mw-redirect" title="(-)-2β-(3-(4-Methylphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane">RTI-336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesofensine" title="Tesofensine">Tesofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparil" title="Troparil">Troparil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropoxane" title="Tropoxane">Tropoxane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%CE%B2-Propanoyl-3%CE%B2-(4-tolyl)-tropane" title="2β-Propanoyl-3β-(4-tolyl)-tropane">WF-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%CE%B2-Propanoyl-3%CE%B2-(2-naphthyl)-tropane" title="2β-Propanoyl-3β-(2-naphthyl)-tropane">WF-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Propanoyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-tropane" title="2-Propanoyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-tropane">WF-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%CE%B1-(Propanoyl)-3%CE%B2-(2-(6-methoxynaphthyl))-tropane" title="2α-(Propanoyl)-3β-(2-(6-methoxynaphthyl))-tropane">WF-33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/wiki/Adrafinil" title="Adrafinil">Adrafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amifitadine" class="mw-redirect" title="Amifitadine">Amifitadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armodafinil" title="Armodafinil">Armodafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfonelic_acid" title="Amfonelic acid">Amfonelic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansofaxine" title="Ansofaxine">Ansofaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyltolylquinuclidine" title="Butyltolylquinuclidine">BTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTS_74,398" title="BTS 74,398">BTS 74,398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaenomeles_speciosa" title="Chaenomeles speciosa">Chaenomeles speciosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclazindol" title="Ciclazindol">Ciclazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasotraline" title="Dasotraline">Dasotraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">Desmethylsertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsibutramine" title="Desmethylsibutramine">Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofensine" title="Diclofensine">Diclofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didesmethylsibutramine" title="Didesmethylsibutramine">Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethocaine" title="Dimethocaine">Dimethocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenylpyraline" title="Diphenylpyraline">Diphenylpyraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizocilpine" title="Dizocilpine">Dizocilpine (MK-801)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOV-102,677" title="DOV-102,677">DOV-102,677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOV-216,303" title="DOV-216,303">DOV-216,303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephenidine" title="Ephenidine">Ephenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">Esketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXP-561" title="EXP-561">EXP-561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamfamin" title="Fencamfamin">Fencamfamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezolamine" title="Fezolamine">Fezolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorenol" title="Fluorenol">Fluorenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYKI-52895" class="mw-redirect" title="GYKI-52895">GYKI-52895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxybupropion" title="Hydroxybupropion">Hydroxybupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indatraline" title="Indatraline">Indatraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafadofensine" title="Lafadofensine">Lafadofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefetamine" title="Lefetamine">Lefetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levophacetoperane" title="Levophacetoperane">Levophacetoperane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liafensine" title="Liafensine">Liafensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-5182" title="LR-5182">LR-5182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifaxine" title="Manifaxine">Manifaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazindol" title="Mazindol">Mazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medifoxamine" title="Medifoxamine">Medifoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesocarb" title="Mesocarb">Mesocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphit" title="Metaphit">Metaphit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIN-117" title="MIN-117">MIN-117 (WF-516)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modafinil" title="Modafinil">Modafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomifensine" title="Nomifensine">Nomifensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-2359" title="NS-2359">NS-2359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2172" title="O-2172">O-2172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroxylin_A" title="Oroxylin A">Oroxylin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perafensine" title="Perafensine">Perafensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridefine" title="Pridefine">Pridefine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radafaxine" title="Radafaxine">Radafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimcazole" title="Rimcazole">Rimcazole</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibutramine" title="Sibutramine">Sibutramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solriamfetol" title="Solriamfetol">Solriamfetol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tametraline" title="Tametraline">Tametraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedatioxetine" title="Tedatioxetine">Tedatioxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threohydrobupropion" title="Threohydrobupropion">Threohydrobupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripelennamine" title="Tripelennamine">Tripelennamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter" title="Norepinephrine transporter"><abbr title="Norepinephrine transporter">NET</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine transporter (<a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors">NRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Amedalin" title="Amedalin">Amedalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseroxylon" title="Alseroxylon">Alseroxylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclazindol" title="Ciclazindol">Ciclazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daledalin" title="Daledalin">Daledalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edivoxetine" title="Edivoxetine">Edivoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esreboxetine" title="Esreboxetine">Esreboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lortalamine" title="Lortalamine">Lortalamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazindol" title="Mazindol">Mazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoxetine" title="Nisoxetine">Nisoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboxetine" title="Reboxetine">Reboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talopram" title="Talopram">Talopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talsupram" title="Talsupram">Talsupram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandamine" title="Tandamine">Tandamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teniloxazine" title="Teniloxazine">Teniloxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viloxazine" title="Viloxazine">Viloxazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamine" title="Fencamine">Fencamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamfamin" title="Fencamfamin">Fencamfamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxybupropion" title="Hydroxybupropion">Hydroxybupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefetamine" title="Lefetamine">Lefetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levophacetoperane" title="Levophacetoperane">Levophacetoperane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-5182" title="LR-5182">LR-5182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifaxine" title="Manifaxine">Manifaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomifensine" title="Nomifensine">Nomifensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2172" title="O-2172">O-2172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radafaxine" title="Radafaxine">Radafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdexmethylphenidate" title="Serdexmethylphenidate">Serdexmethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solriamfetol" title="Solriamfetol">Solriamfetol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Atomoxetine" title="Atomoxetine">Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP-39,332" title="CP-39,332">CP-39,332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desvenlafaxine" title="Desvenlafaxine">Desvenlafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">Duloxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclanamine" title="Eclanamine">Eclanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomilnacipran" title="Levomilnacipran">Levomilnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McN5652" title="McN5652">McN5652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnacipran" title="Milnacipran">Milnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methyl-PPPA" title="N-Methyl-PPPA">N-Methyl-PPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nafenodone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nafenodone (page does not exist)">Nafenodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPPA_(drug)" title="PPPA (drug)">PPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofenacin" title="Tofenacin">Tofenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine" title="3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine">3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amifitadine" class="mw-redirect" title="Amifitadine">Amifitadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansofaxine" title="Ansofaxine">Ansofaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicifadine" title="Bicifadine">Bicifadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasofensine" title="Brasofensine">Brasofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centanafadine" title="Centanafadine">Centanafadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasotraline" title="Dasotraline">Dasotraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">Desmethylsertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsibutramine" title="Desmethylsibutramine">Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofensine" title="Diclofensine">Diclofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didesmethylsibutramine" title="Didesmethylsibutramine">Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOV-102677" class="mw-redirect" title="DOV-102677">DOV-102677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOV-216303" class="mw-redirect" title="DOV-216303">DOV-216303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXP-561" title="EXP-561">EXP-561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezolamine" title="Fezolamine">Fezolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMP-28" title="HDMP-28">HDMP-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-505" title="HP-505">HP-505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indatraline" title="Indatraline">Indatraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-7925476" title="JNJ-7925476">JNJ-7925476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZ-IV-10" title="JZ-IV-10">JZ-IV-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafadofensine" title="Lafadofensine">Lafadofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liafensine" title="Liafensine">Liafensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazindol" title="Mazindol">Mazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphyrone" title="Naphyrone">Naphyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-2359" title="NS-2359">NS-2359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perafensine" title="Perafensine">Perafensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRC200" class="mw-redirect" title="PRC200">PRC200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridefine" title="Pridefine">Pridefine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEP-228431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEP-228431 (page does not exist)">SEP-228431</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEP-228432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEP-228432 (page does not exist)">SEP-228432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibutramine" title="Sibutramine">Sibutramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedatioxetine" title="Tedatioxetine">Tedatioxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesofensine" title="Tesofensine">Tesofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threohydrobupropion" title="Threohydrobupropion">Threohydrobupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropane" title="Tropane">Tropanes</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tricyclic antidepressants: <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">Butriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cianopramine" title="Cianopramine">Cianopramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">Dosulepin (dothiepin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">Doxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">Lofepramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melitracen" title="Melitracen">Melitracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">Nortriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">Protriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">Trimipramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tetracyclic antidepressants: <a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">Maprotiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">Mianserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprotiline" title="Oxaprotiline">Oxaprotiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setiptiline" title="Setiptiline">Setiptiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/wiki/Histamine_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Histamine antagonist">Antihistamines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Brompheniramine" title="Brompheniramine">brompheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">chlorphenamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheniramine" title="Pheniramine">pheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripelennamine" title="Tripelennamine">tripelennamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziprasidone" title="Ziprasidone">ziprasidone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arylcyclohexylamine" title="Arylcyclohexylamine">Arylcyclohexylamines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">ketamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">phencyclidine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopexamine" title="Dopexamine">Dopexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephenidine" title="Ephenidine">Ephenidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo biloba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeloxazine" title="Indeloxazine">Indeloxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Desmetramadol" title="Desmetramadol">desmetramadol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">pethidine (meperidine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapentadol" title="Tapentadol">tapentadol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">tramadol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">levorphanol</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter"><abbr title="Serotonin transporter">SERT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin transporter (<a href="/wiki/Serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin reuptake inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/6-Nitroquipazine" title="6-Nitroquipazine">6-Nitroquipazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaproclate" title="Alaproclate">Alaproclate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centpropazine" title="Centpropazine">Centpropazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cericlamine" title="Cericlamine">Cericlamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">Citalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapoxetine" title="Dapoxetine">Dapoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylcitalopram" title="Desmethylcitalopram">Desmethylcitalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didesmethylcitalopram" title="Didesmethylcitalopram">Didesmethylcitalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">Escitalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femoxetine" title="Femoxetine">Femoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">Fluvoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indalpine" title="Indalpine">Indalpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifoxetine" title="Ifoxetine">Ifoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfluoxetine" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfluoxetine">Norfluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omiloxetine" title="Omiloxetine">Omiloxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panuramine" title="Panuramine">Panuramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">Paroxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIM-35" title="PIM-35">PIM-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirandamine" title="Pirandamine">Pirandamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-353" title="RTI-353">RTI-353</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seproxetine" title="Seproxetine">Seproxetine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimelidine" title="Zimelidine">Zimelidine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin receptor modulators: <a href="/wiki/Etoperidone" title="Etoperidone">Etoperidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litoxetine" title="Litoxetine">Litoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubazodone" title="Lubazodone">Lubazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-393558" title="LY-393558">LY-393558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quipazine" title="Quipazine">Quipazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-649915" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-649915">SB-649915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGBA01AD" title="TGBA01AD">TGBA01AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trazodone" title="Trazodone">Trazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilazodone" title="Vilazodone">Vilazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortioxetine" title="Vortioxetine">Vortioxetine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Atomoxetine" title="Atomoxetine">Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicifadine" title="Bicifadine">Bicifadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-39332&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-39332 (page does not exist)">CP-39332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desvenlafaxine" title="Desvenlafaxine">Desvenlafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">Duloxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclanamine" title="Eclanamine">Eclanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomilnacipran" title="Levomilnacipran">Levomilnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McN5652" title="McN5652">McN5652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnacipran" title="Milnacipran">Milnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methyl-PPPA" title="N-Methyl-PPPA">N-Methyl-PPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPPA_(drug)" title="PPPA (drug)">PPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofenacin" title="Tofenacin">Tofenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine" title="3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine">3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amifitadine" class="mw-redirect" title="Amifitadine">Amifitadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansofaxine" title="Ansofaxine">Ansofaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicifadine" title="Bicifadine">Bicifadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasofensine" title="Brasofensine">Brasofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centanafadine" title="Centanafadine">Centanafadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasotraline" title="Dasotraline">Dasotraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsertraline" title="Desmethylsertraline">Desmethylsertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylsibutramine" title="Desmethylsibutramine">Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofensine" title="Diclofensine">Diclofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didesmethylsibutramine" title="Didesmethylsibutramine">Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOV-102677" class="mw-redirect" title="DOV-102677">DOV-102677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOV-216303" class="mw-redirect" title="DOV-216303">DOV-216303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXP-561" title="EXP-561">EXP-561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezolamine" title="Fezolamine">Fezolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMP-28" title="HDMP-28">HDMP-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-505" title="HP-505">HP-505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indatraline" title="Indatraline">Indatraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-7925476" title="JNJ-7925476">JNJ-7925476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZ-IV-10" title="JZ-IV-10">JZ-IV-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafadofensine" title="Lafadofensine">Lafadofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liafensine" title="Liafensine">Liafensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazindol" title="Mazindol">Mazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphyrone" title="Naphyrone">Naphyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefazodone" title="Nefazodone">Nefazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-2359" title="NS-2359">NS-2359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perafensine" title="Perafensine">Perafensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRC200" class="mw-redirect" title="PRC200">PRC200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridefine" title="Pridefine">Pridefine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEP-228431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEP-228431 (page does not exist)">SEP-228431</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEP-228432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEP-228432 (page does not exist)">SEP-228432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibutramine" title="Sibutramine">Sibutramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedatioxetine" title="Tedatioxetine">Tedatioxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesofensine" title="Tesofensine">Tesofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threohydrobupropion" title="Threohydrobupropion">Threohydrobupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropane" title="Tropane">Tropanes</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tricyclic antidepressants: <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cianopramine" title="Cianopramine">Cianopramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanodothiepin" title="Cyanodothiepin">Cyanodothiepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">Dosulepin (dothiepin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">Doxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">Lofepramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">Nortriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipofezine" title="Pipofezine">Pipofezine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">Protriptyline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/w/index.php?title=A-80426&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-80426 (page does not exist)">A-80426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihistamine" title="Antihistamine">Antihistamines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Brompheniramine" title="Brompheniramine">brompheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">chlorphenamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">dimenhydrinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mepyramine" title="Mepyramine">mepyramine (pyrilamine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheniramine" title="Pheniramine">pheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripelennamine" title="Tripelennamine">tripelennamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziprasidone" title="Ziprasidone">ziprasidone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arylcyclohexylamine" title="Arylcyclohexylamine">Arylcyclohexylamines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/3-MeO-PCP" title="3-MeO-PCP">3-MeO-PCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">esketamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">ketamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methoxetamine" title="Methoxetamine">methoxetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">phencyclidine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delucemine" title="Delucemine">Delucemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextrorphan" title="Dextrorphan">Dextrorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypidone" title="Hypidone">Hypidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medifoxamine" title="Medifoxamine">Medifoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesembrine" title="Mesembrine">Mesembrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIN-117" title="MIN-117">MIN-117 (WF-516)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylserotonin" title="N-Methylserotonin">N-Me-5-HT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">dextropropoxyphene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">methadone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">pethidine (meperidine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">levorphanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapentadol" title="Tapentadol">tapentadol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">tramadol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxindole" title="Roxindole">Roxindole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_monoamine_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesicular monoamine transporters"><abbr title="Vesicular monoamine transporters">VMATs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Vesicular monoamine transporters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substituted_amphetamine" title="Substituted amphetamine">Amphetamines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Amino-2-phenylpropene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Amino-2-phenylpropene (page does not exist)">APP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7-Azido-8-iodoketanserin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-Azido-8-iodoketanserin (page does not exist)">AZIK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bietaserpine" title="Bietaserpine">Bietaserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserpidine" title="Deserpidine">Deserpidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutetrabenazine" title="Deutetrabenazine">Deutetrabenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrotetrabenazine" title="Dihydrotetrabenazine">Dihydrotetrabenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-12935" title="GBR-12935">GBR-12935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-793A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-793A (page does not exist)">GZ-793A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanserin" title="Ketanserin">Ketanserin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobeline" title="Lobeline">Lobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methoxytetrabenazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methoxytetrabenazine (page does not exist)">Methoxytetrabenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserpine" title="Reserpine">Reserpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_bengal" title="Rose bengal">Rose bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrabenazine" title="Tetrabenazine">Tetrabenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valbenazine" title="Valbenazine">Valbenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanoxerine" title="Vanoxerine">Vanoxerine (GBR-12909)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Unsorted: <a href="/wiki/Cendifensine" title="Cendifensine">Cendifensine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>DAT enhancers: <a href="/wiki/Luteolin" title="Luteolin">Luteolin</a></li></ul> <ul><li>DAT modulators: Agonist-like: <a href="/wiki/SoRI-9804" title="SoRI-9804">SoRI-9804</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SoRI-20040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SoRI-20040 (page does not exist)">SoRI-20040</a>; Antagonist-like: <a href="/wiki/SoRI-20041" title="SoRI-20041">SoRI-20041</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_releasing_agents" title="Template:Monoamine releasing agents">Monoamine releasing agents</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Adrenergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Adrenergics">Adrenergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Dopaminergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Dopaminergics">Dopaminergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Serotonergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Serotonergics">Serotonergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators">Monoamine metabolism modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_neurotoxins" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Monoamine neurotoxins">Monoamine neurotoxins</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sigma_receptor_modulators212" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sigma_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Sigma receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sigma_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Sigma receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sigma_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sigma receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sigma_receptor_modulators212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sigma_receptor" title="Sigma receptor">Sigma receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sigma-1_receptor" title="Sigma-1 receptor">σ1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/3-PPP" title="3-PPP">3-PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-PPBP" title="4-PPBP">4-PPBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-DMT" title="5-MeO-DMT">5-MeO-DMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alazocine" title="Alazocine">Alazocine (SKF-10047)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantadine" title="Amantadine">Amantadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arketamine" title="Arketamine">Arketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BD-737&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BD-737 (page does not exist)">BD-737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1052" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1052">BD-1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarcamesine" title="Blarcamesine">Blarcamesine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captodiame" title="Captodiame">Captodiame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citalopram" title="Citalopram">Citalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide" title="Calcitonin gene-related peptide"><abbr title="Calcitonin gene-related peptide">CGRP</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Calcitonin gene-related peptide</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloperastine" title="Cloperastine">Cloperastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutamesine" title="Cutamesine">Cutamesine (SA-4503)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclazocine" title="Cyclazocine">Cyclazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">prasterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone_sulfate" title="Prasterone sulfate">prasterone sulfate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextrallorphan" title="Dextrallorphan">Dextrallorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan (DXM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextrorphan" title="Dextrorphan">Dextrorphan (DXO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimemorfan" title="Dimemorfan">Dimemorfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethyltryptamine">Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditolylguanidine" title="Ditolylguanidine">Ditolylguanidine (DTG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donepezil" title="Donepezil">Donepezil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliprodil" title="Eliprodil">Eliprodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escitalopram" title="Escitalopram">Escitalopram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabomotizole" title="Fabomotizole">Fabomotizole (afobazole)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvoxamine" title="Fluvoxamine">Fluvoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifenprodil" title="Ifenprodil">Ifenprodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igmesine" title="Igmesine">Igmesine (JO-1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPAB_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPAB (drug) (page does not exist)">IPAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-687384" class="mw-redirect" title="L-687384">L-687384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA"><abbr title="Methylenedioxymethamphetamine">MDMA</abbr> (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memantine" title="Memantine">Memantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxetamine" title="Methoxetamine">Methoxetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepinalone" title="Nepinalone">Nepinalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide_Y" title="Neuropeptide Y">Neuropeptide Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noscapine" title="Noscapine">Noscapine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPC-14523&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPC-14523 (page does not exist)">OPC-14523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoxyverine" title="Pentoxyverine">Pentoxyverine (carbetapentane)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRE-084" title="PRE-084">PRE-084</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridopidine" title="Pridopidine">Pridopidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemethorphan" class="mw-redirect" title="Racemethorphan">Racemethorphan (methorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemorphan" title="Racemorphan">Racemorphan (morphanol)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-23 (page does not exist)">UMB-23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-82 (page does not exist)">UMB-82</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/wiki/3-PPP" title="3-PPP">3-PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC-927" class="mw-redirect" title="AC-927">AC-927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1008" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1008">BD-1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1031" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1031">BD-1031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1047" title="BD-1047">BD-1047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1060" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1060">BD-1060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1063" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1063">BD-1063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1067" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1067">BD-1067</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMY-14802" title="BMY-14802">BMY-14802 (BMS-181100)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM-156" class="mw-redirect" title="CM-156">CM-156</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dup-734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dup-734 (page does not exist)">Dup-734</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E-5842&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-5842 (page does not exist)">E-5842</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-52862" title="E-52862">E-52862 (S1RA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">Haloperidol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LR-132&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LR-132 (page does not exist)">LR-132</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LR-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LR-172 (page does not exist)">LR-172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-377" title="MS-377">MS-377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NE-100" title="NE-100">NE-100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPC-16377&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NPC-16377 (page does not exist)">NPC-16377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamesine" title="Panamesine">Panamesine (EMD-57455)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-144418&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-144418 (page does not exist)">PD-144418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimcazole" title="Rimcazole">Rimcazole (BW-234U)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sertraline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-31742A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-31742A (page does not exist)">SR-31742A</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Allosteric modulators: <a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a>; Positive: <a href="/wiki/Methylphenylpiracetam" title="Methylphenylpiracetam">Methylphenylpiracetam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOMCL-668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOMCL-668 (page does not exist)">SOMCL-668</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Unknown/unsorted: <a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Methoxydextrallorphan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Methoxydextrallorphan (page does not exist)">3-Methoxydextrallorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-MeO-PCP" title="3-MeO-PCP">3-MeO-PCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4C-T-2" title="4C-T-2">4C-T-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-IBP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-IBP (page does not exist)">4-IBP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-IPBS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-IPBS (page does not exist)">4-IPBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-MeO-PCP" title="4-MeO-PCP">4-MeO-PCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-DALT" title="5-MeO-DALT">5-MeO-DALT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-DiPT" title="5-MeO-DiPT">5-MeO-DiPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azidopamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azidopamil (page does not exist)">Azidopamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">Clemastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">Clomipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorgiline" title="Clorgiline">Clorgiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl">D-Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine"><abbr title="N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine">DiPT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dipropyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N,N-Dipropyltryptamine"><abbr title="N,N-Dipropyltryptamine">DPT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KCR-12-83.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KCR-12-83.1 (page does not exist)">KCR-12-83.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemonapride" title="Nemonapride">Nemonapride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noribogaine" title="Noribogaine">Noribogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RHL-033&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RHL-033 (page does not exist)">RHL-033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-67,333" title="RS-67,333">RS-67,333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-55" title="RTI-55">RTI-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safinamide" title="Safinamide">Safinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spipethiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spipethiane (page does not exist)">Spipethiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoperazine" title="Trifluoperazine">Trifluoperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-18_(drug)" title="W-18 (drug)">W-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YKP10A" class="mw-redirect" title="YKP10A">YKP10A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sigma-2_receptor" title="Sigma-2 receptor">σ2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/3-PPP" title="3-PPP">3-PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arketamine" title="Arketamine">Arketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1047" title="BD-1047">BD-1047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD1063" title="BD1063">BD1063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditolylguanidine" title="Ditolylguanidine">Ditolylguanidine (DTG)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DKR-1005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DKR-1005 (page does not exist)">DKR-1005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DKR-1051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DKR-1051 (page does not exist)">DKR-1051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">Haloperidol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifenprodil" title="Ifenprodil">Ifenprodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA"><abbr title="Methylenedioxymethamphetamine">MDMA</abbr> (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPC-14523&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPC-14523 (page does not exist)">OPC-14523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opipramol" title="Opipramol">Opipramol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PB-28" title="PB-28">PB-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">Phencyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siramesine" title="Siramesine">Siramesine (Lu 28-179)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UKH-1114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UKH-1114 (page does not exist)">UKH-1114</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/wiki/AC-927" class="mw-redirect" title="AC-927">AC-927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1008" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1008">BD-1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-1067" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-1067">BD-1067</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM-156" class="mw-redirect" title="CM-156">CM-156</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CT-1812&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CT-1812 (page does not exist)">CT-1812</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LR-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LR-172 (page does not exist)">LR-172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIN-101" class="mw-redirect" title="MIN-101">MIN-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamesine" title="Panamesine">Panamesine (EMD-57455)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAS-0132&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAS-0132 (page does not exist)">SAS-0132</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Unknown/unsorted: <a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Methoxydextrallorphan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Methoxydextrallorphan (page does not exist)">3-Methoxydextrallorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-MeO-PCE" title="3-MeO-PCE">3-MeO-PCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-MeO-PCP" title="4-MeO-PCP">4-MeO-PCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-DALT" title="5-MeO-DALT">5-MeO-DALT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-DiPT" title="5-MeO-DiPT">5-MeO-DiPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">Clemastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine"><abbr title="N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine">DiPT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dipropyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N,N-Dipropyltryptamine"><abbr title="N,N-Dipropyltryptamine">DPT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_29-252" title="Lu 29-252">Lu 29-252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemonapride" title="Nemonapride">Nemonapride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepinalone" title="Nepinalone">Nepinalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noribogaine" title="Noribogaine">Noribogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-67,333" title="RS-67,333">RS-67,333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safinamide" title="Safinamide">Safinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine" title="3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine"><abbr title="3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine">TMA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-23 (page does not exist)">UMB-23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-82 (page does not exist)">UMB-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-18_(drug)" title="W-18 (drug)">W-18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agonists: <a href="/wiki/Berberine" title="Berberine">Berberine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylketazocine" title="Ethylketazocine">Ethylketazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourphit" title="Fourphit">Fourphit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphit" title="Metaphit">Metaphit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naluzotan" title="Naluzotan">Naluzotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapentadol" title="Tapentadol">Tapentadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenocyclidine" title="Tenocyclidine">Tenocyclidine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Antagonists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=AHD1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AHD1 (page does not exist)">AHD1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZ66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZ66 (page does not exist)">AZ66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">Lamotrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SM-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SM-21 (page does not exist)">SM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-100 (page does not exist)">UMB-100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-101 (page does not exist)">UMB-101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-103 (page does not exist)">UMB-103</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB-116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB-116 (page does not exist)">UMB-116</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YZ-011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YZ-011 (page does not exist)">YZ-011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YZ-069&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YZ-069 (page does not exist)">YZ-069</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YZ-185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YZ-185 (page does not exist)">YZ-185</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Allosteric modulators: <a href="/wiki/SKF-83959" class="mw-redirect" title="SKF-83959">SKF-83959</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Unknown/unsorted: <a href="/wiki/18-Methoxycoronaridine" title="18-Methoxycoronaridine">18-Methoxycoronaridine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMY-13980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMY-13980 (page does not exist)">BMY-13980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butaclamol" title="Butaclamol">Butaclamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramiphen" title="Caramiphen">Caramiphen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carvotroline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carvotroline (page does not exist)">Carvotroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">Cinnarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinuperone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinuperone (page does not exist)">Cinuperone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocapramine" title="Clocapramine">Clocapramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezocine" title="Dezocine">Dezocine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EMD-59983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMD-59983 (page does not exist)">EMD-59983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericin" title="Hypericin">Hypericin</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_wort" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's wort">St. John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluphenazine" title="Fluphenazine">Fluphenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevotroline" title="Gevotroline">Gevotroline (WY-47384)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepyramine" title="Mepyramine">Mepyramine (pyrilamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molindone" title="Molindone">Molindone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perphenazine" title="Perphenazine">Perphenazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimozide" title="Pimozide">Pimozide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proadifen" title="Proadifen">Proadifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">Promethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propranolol" title="Propranolol">Propranolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remoxipride" title="Remoxipride">Remoxipride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SL_82.0715&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SL 82.0715 (page does not exist)">SL 82.0715</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-31747A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-31747A (page does not exist)">SR-31747A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiospirone" title="Tiospirone">Tiospirone (BMY-13859)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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