Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance

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[{"p":1,"t":9159},{"p":3,"t":276526},{"p":2,"t":261780},{"p":1,"t":347452},{"p":1,"t":380873},{"p":5,"t":219315},{"p":1,"t":600675},{"p":5,"t":617597},{"p":1,"t":592441},{"p":1,"t":562720}], "sequence": 1, "topics": {} }); </script> <article class="article-content container-lg qa-content px-0 pt-0 pb-40 py-lg-20 content md-expanded" data-topic-id="9159"> <div class="grid gx-0"> <div class="col-auto"> <div class="topic-left-rail md-article-drawer position-relative d-flex border-right-sm border-left-sm open"> <div class="drawer d-flex flex-column open"> <div class="left-rail-section-content"> <div class="topic-left-rail-header text-truncate bg-gray-50 position-relative text-right d-flex align-items-center"> <div class="tlr-title px-20 py-15 text-left"> <em class="material-icons text-gray-400 d-lg-none" data-icon="toc"></em> <a class="font-serif font-weight-bold text-black link-blue" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> </div> <button aria-label="Close" class="js-sections-close-button btn-link btn-sm btn d-lg-none position-absolute top-0 p-10 right-0" > <em class="material-icons font-26" data-icon="close"></em> </button> </div> <div class="section-content pl-10 pr-20 pl-sm-50 pr-sm-60 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-10 pt-10 pt-lg-0 bg-gray-50 clear-catfish-ad"> <div class="toc mb-20"> <div class="font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-15 mb-15 mt-20"> Table of Contents </div> <ul class="list-unstyled my-0" data-level="h1"><li data-target="#ref1"><div class="pl-25"><a class="link-gray-900 w-100" href="/event/Battle-of-Agincourt">Introduction</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li><li data-target="#ref343652"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><div class="ml-25"></div><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/event/Battle-of-Agincourt#ref343652">Henry V and the resumption of the Hundred Years’ War</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li><li data-target="#ref343653"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><div class="ml-25"></div><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/event/Battle-of-Agincourt#ref343653">“That fought with us upon Saint Crispin’s day”</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li><li data-target="#ref343654"><div class="d-flex align-items-center"><div class="ml-25"></div><a class="w-100 link-gray-900" href="/event/Battle-of-Agincourt#ref343654">Significance and legacy of Agincourt</a></div><div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li></ul> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Agincourt/additional-info">References & Edit History</a> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="/facts/Battle-of-Agincourt">Quick Facts & Related Topics</a> </div> <div class="tlr-media-slider pb-10 mb-30"> <a class="section-header link-gray-900 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mb-10 mx-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Agincourt/images-videos">Images</a> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 "> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex overflow-hidden text-nowrap ml-15"> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/172519-050-F3B2578B/Battle-of-Agincourt.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/202532" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/172519-004-5C2003B3/Battle-of-Agincourt.jpg" alt="Battle of Agincourt" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/1238-050-3C6DE392/Henry-V-artist-National-Portrait-Gallery-London.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/11542" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/1238-004-406374D1/Henry-V-artist-National-Portrait-Gallery-London.jpg" alt="Henry V" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/161240-050-EAF7994E/Battle-of-Agincourt-Henry-V-victory-Hundred-Oct-25-1415.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/195690" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/161240-004-3DE35D57/Battle-of-Agincourt-Henry-V-victory-Hundred-Oct-25-1415.jpg" alt="Battle of Agincourt" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/6837-004-ED31B9D4/Kenneth-Branagh-title-role-Henry-V.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/9036" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/6837-004-ED31B9D4/Kenneth-Branagh-title-role-Henry-V.jpg" alt="Henry V" height="50" /> </a> </div> <button disabled class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Previous"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span> </button> <button disabled class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Next"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span> 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Introduction (PDF)</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Agincourt/" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">World History Encyclopedia - Battle of Agincourt</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.britishbattles.com/one-hundred-years-war/battle-of-agincourt/" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">BritishBattles.com - Battle of Agincourt</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/agincourt.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">Luminarium - The Battle of Agincourt (October 25, 1415)</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/battle_agincourt.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">English Monarchs - The Battle of Agincourt</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.historynet.com/hallowed-ground-agincourt-france/" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">HistoryNet - Hallowed Ground: Agincourt, France</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p004y25q" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">BBC Sounds - In Our Time - Agincourt</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/26/agincourt-600th-anniversary-how-french-remember-it" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">The Guardian - Agincourt was a battle like no other … but how do the French remember it?</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbattleo00nico" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">Internet Archive - "History of the Battle of Agincourt"</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/battle-agincourt-0013534/" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">Ancient Origins - The Battle of Agincourt: The Muddy Massacre of the Hundred Years’ War</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/miracle-in-the-mud-the-hundred-years-wars-battle-of-agincourt/" target="_blank" rel="noopener ">Warfare History Network - Miracle in the Mud: The Hundred Years' War's Battle of Agincourt</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="md-websites-ebk-title">Britannica Websites</div> <div class="md-websites-ebk-subtitle">Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.</div> <ul class="list-unstyled bps-topic-web-sites lh-lg"> <li><a class="external" href="https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Battle-of-Agincourt/272751" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Battle of Agincourt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="toc-header-marker"></div> <button class="ai-ask-button btn btn-sm border-2 btn-outline-red-400 border-red-400 d-none mr-0 mr-lg-10 ml-5 ml-sm-10 ml-lg-0 p-10 px-sm-5 px-md-10 js-header-ai-ask-button"> Ask the Chatbot a Question </button> <div class="md-byline module-spacing "> <div class="font-serif font-12"> <span class="written-by text-gray-700"> Written by </span> <div class="editor-popover popover p-0"> <a class="d-block p-20 qa-editor-popup gtm-byline font-12 byline-contributor" href="/contributor/Julia-Martinez/12489079" > <div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold">Julia Martinez</div> <div class="editor-description font-12 font-serif mt-5 clamp-description text-black">Julia Martinez was an Editorial Intern at Encyclopaedia Britannica. She graduated from the University of Chicago in 2019 with bachelor's degrees in English Language and Literature and Medieval Studies.</div> </a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link gtm-byline font-12 byline-contributor text-decoration-underline"> Julia Martinez</span></div> <div class="font-serif font-12 text-gray-700"> <span class="qa-fact-checked-by">Fact-checked by</span> <div class="editor-popover popover p-0"> <a class="d-block p-20 qa-editor-popup font-12" href="/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419" > <div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</div> <div class="editor-description font-12 font-serif mt-5 text-black">Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.</div> </a> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <span class="btn btn-link editor-link p-0 qa-byline-link font-12 "> The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</span></div> <div class="last-updated font-12 font-serif"> <a class="byline-edit-history" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Agincourt/additional-info#history" rel="nofollow">Article History</a> </div></div> </div> <button class="d-flex d-lg-none btn btn-outline-blue border rounded-sm shadow-sm mobile-toc-button gtm-mobile-toc-inline-button d-none d-sm-block js-sections-inline-button module-spacing btn d-lg-none"> <em class="material-icons mr-5 ml-n10 my-n5 md-icon" data-icon="toc"></em> Table of Contents </button> <div class="d-flex d-sm-none flex-row"> <button class="d-flex d-lg-none btn btn-outline-blue border rounded-sm shadow-sm mobile-toc-button gtm-mobile-toc-inline-button js-sections-inline-button module-spacing"> <em class="material-icons mr-5 ml-n10 my-n5 md-icon" data-icon="toc"></em> Table of Contents </button> <button class="ai-ask-button btn btn-sm border-2 btn-outline-red-400 border-red-400 module-spacing js-inline-ai-ask-button p-10 ml-5"> Ask the Chatbot </button> </div> <div class="js-qf-module qf-module px-40 px-sm-20 py-15 mx-auto module-spacing font-14 bg-gray-50 rounded"> <div class="qf-title font-weight-bold font-14 mb-10 text-center"> Quick Facts</div> <div class="facts-list mt-10"> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Date: </dt> <dd>October 25, 1415 </dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Location: </dt> <dd><a href="/place/France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/place/Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Participants: </dt> <dd><a href="/place/France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/place/England">England</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Context: </dt> <dd><a href="/event/Hundred-Years-War">Hundred Years’ War</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Key People: </dt> <dd><a href="/biography/Jean-II-le-Meingre-Boucicaut">Jean II le Meingre Boucicaut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/biography/Henry-V-king-of-England">Henry V</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class="facts-item-none d-none"> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>On the Web: </dt> <dd><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p004y25q" target="_blank">BBC Sounds - In Our Time - Agincourt</a> (Mar. 17, 2025)</dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-link p-0" href="/facts/Battle-of-Agincourt"> See all related content </a> </div> </div> </div> <button class="facts-list-show-more-btn mt-15 p-0 mx-auto btn font-14 d-block font-weight-normal"> <span class="material-icons" data-icon="expand_more"></span> <span class="show-more-label">Show More</span> </button> </div><span class="marker before-article"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref1"><span class="marker PREMOD1 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph"><strong><span id="ref1273804"></span>Battle of Agincourt</strong>, (October 25, 1415), decisive battle in the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) that resulted in the victory of the English over the French. The English army, led by <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prince-Hal" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">King Henry V</a>, famously achieved victory in spite of the numerical superiority of its opponent. The battle repeated other English successes in the Hundred Years’ War, such as the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Crecy" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Battle of Crécy</a> (1346) and the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Poitiers-French-history-1356" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Battle of Poitiers</a> (1356), and made possible <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/England" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">England’s</a> subsequent conquest of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Normandy" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Normandy</a> and the Treaty of Troyes (1420), which named Henry V heir to the French crown.</p><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="marker h2"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref343652"><h2 class="h1"><span id="ref1273805"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-V-king-of-England" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Henry V</a> and the resumption of the <span id="ref1273806"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Hundred-Years-War" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Hundred Years’ War</a></h2> <span class="marker PREMOD2 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies"><div class="w-100 assembly-container"><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="11542" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/1238-050-3C6DE392/Henry-V-artist-National-Portrait-Gallery-London.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/9159/11542"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/1238-050-3C6DE392/Henry-V-artist-National-Portrait-Gallery-London.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/1238-050-3C6DE392/Henry-V-artist-National-Portrait-Gallery-London.jpg?w=300" alt="Henry V" data-width="1146" data-height="1600" loading="eager"></picture><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/1238-050-3C6DE392/Henry-V-artist-National-Portrait-Gallery-London.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/11542">Henry V</a><span>Henry V, painting by an unknown artist; in the National Portrait Gallery, London.</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div><p class="topic-paragraph">The Hundred Years’ War was a discontinuous conflict between England and <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/France" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">France</a> that spanned two centuries. At issue was the question of the <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="legitimate" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legitimate" data-type="MW">legitimate</a> succession to the French crown as well as the ownership of several French territories. The struggle began in 1337 when King <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-III-king-of-England" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Edward III</a> of England claimed the title “King of France” over <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-VI" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Philip VI</a> and invaded <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Flanders-medieval-principality-and-historical-region-Europe" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Flanders</a>. It continued as a series of battles, sieges, and disputes throughout the 14th century, with both the French and the English variously taking advantage. When Henry V acceded to the English throne in 1413, there had been a long <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="hiatus" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hiatus" data-type="MW">hiatus</a> in the fighting. A truce had been formally declared in 1396 that was meant to last 28 years, sealed by the marriage of the French king <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VI-king-of-France" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Charles VI</a>’s daughter to King <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-II-king-of-England" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Richard II</a> of England. However, a need to reassert his authority at home (as well as his own ambition and a sense of justice) led Henry V to renew English claims in France. England had been fraught with political <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="discord" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discord" data-type="MW">discord</a> since <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-England" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Henry IV</a> of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/house-of-Lancaster" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">house of Lancaster</a> (father of Henry V) had usurped the throne from <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-II-king-of-England" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Richard II</a> in 1399. Since then there had been tension between the nobility and the royal house, widespread lawlessness throughout the kingdom, and several attempts on Henry V’s life. The situation in England, coupled with the fact that France was weakened by its own political crisis—the insanity of Charles VI had resulted in a fight for power among the nobility—made it an ideal moment for Henry to press his claims.</p><span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD3 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">When the French rejected Henry’s substantial territorial demands, he arrived in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Normandy" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Normandy</a> in August 1415 with a force of about 12,000 men and laid siege to the city of <span id="ref1273809"></span>Harfleur. The city <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="capitulated" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitulated" data-type="MW">capitulated</a> within six weeks, but the siege was costly. It lasted longer than Henry had anticipated, and his numbers were significantly diminished as a result of casualties, desertions, and disease. Departing from Harfleur on October 8, Henry marched northward toward the English-held port of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Calais-France" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Calais</a>, where he would disembark for England, with a force of 1,000 knights and men-at-arms and 5,000 archers. Unable to cross the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Somme-River" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Somme River</a> because of French defenses, he was forced to take a detour inland and cross farther upstream. The <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="delay" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/delay" data-type="EB">delay</a> allowed a large French force, led by the constable <span id="ref1273807"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-I-dAlbret" class="md-crosslink ">Charles d’Albret</a> and the marshal <span id="ref1273808"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-II-le-Meingre-Boucicaut" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Jean II le Meingre</a> (called Boucicaut), to intercept him near the village of Agincourt on October 24. The English were not in an ideal condition to fight a battle. They had been weakened by the siege at Harfleur and had marched over 200 miles (more than 320 km), and many among them were suffering from <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/dysentery" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">dysentery</a>.</p><div class="md-timeline module-spacing"> <div class="timeline-title text-blue-dark text-uppercase font-weight-bold ml-20 my-15">Hundred Years’ War Events</div> <div class="slick-timeline"> <div class="grid"> <div class="col-auto d-flex align-items-center align-self-center hidden-xs"> <button class="slick-timeline--arrow slick-timeline--arrow-prev material-icons">keyboard_arrow_left</button> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="timeline-slides py-10"> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/topic/Battle-of-Sluys" title="Battle of Sluys"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/65/115265-004-0E06CEC0/Battle-of-Sluys-Hundred-Years-War-Chronicles.jpg?w=500&h=500" alt="The Battle of Sluys, 1340" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Sluys</div> <div class="text-black">June 24, 1340</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Battle-of-Crecy" title="Battle of Crécy"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/28/187128-050-4361971B/Battle-of-Crecy-Image-Philip-VI-England-August-26-1346.jpg?w=500&h=500" alt="The Battle of Crécy" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Crécy</div> <div class="text-black">August 26, 1346</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Battle-of-Nevilles-Cross" title="Battle of Neville’s Cross"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default-rectangle.jpg?v=3.134.26" class="default " alt="default image" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Neville’s Cross</div> <div class="text-black">October 17, 1346</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Combat-of-the-Thirty" title="Combat of the Thirty"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/50/255450-050-651DED52/The-Battle-of-Thirty.jpg?w=500&h=500" alt="The Combat of the Thirty" /> </div> <div class="title">Combat of the Thirty</div> <div class="text-black">March 27, 1351</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Battle-of-Poitiers-French-history-1356" title="Battle of Poitiers"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/31/226731-050-B57893A1/Battle-of-Poitiers-1356-French-Manuscript-Illumination.jpg?w=500&h=500" alt="Battle of Poitiers" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Poitiers</div> <div class="text-black">September 19, 1356</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Jacquerie" title="Jacquerie"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default-rectangle.jpg?v=3.134.26" class="default " alt="default image" /> </div> <div class="title">Jacquerie</div> <div class="text-black">May 21, 1358 - June 10, 1358</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide selected " href="/event/Battle-of-Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/172519-050-F3B2578B/Battle-of-Agincourt.jpg?w=500&h=500" alt="Battle of Agincourt" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Agincourt</div> <div class="text-black">October 25, 1415</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/topic/siege-of-Rouen-1418" title="Siege of Rouen"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/28/231328-050-1D4D126C/Siege-of-Rouen-1418-1419.jpg?w=500&h=500" alt="The Siege of Rouen (1418–1419)" /> </div> <div class="title">Siege of Rouen</div> <div class="text-black">July 31, 1418 - January 19, 1419</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Siege-of-Orleans" title="Siege of Orléans"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default-rectangle.jpg?v=3.134.26" class="default " alt="default image" /> </div> <div class="title">Siege of Orléans</div> <div class="text-black">October 12, 1428 - May 8, 1429</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Battle-of-Formigny" title="Battle of Formigny"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default-rectangle.jpg?v=3.134.26" class="default " alt="default image" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Formigny</div> <div class="text-black">April 15, 1450</div> </a> <a class="timeline-slide " href="/event/Battle-of-Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon"> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default-rectangle.jpg?v=3.134.26" class="default " alt="default image" /> </div> <div class="title">Battle of Castillon</div> <div class="text-black">July 17, 1453</div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto d-flex align-items-center align-self-center hidden-xs"> <button class="slick-timeline--arrow slick-timeline--arrow-next material-icons">keyboard_arrow_right</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slick-timeline--dots mb-10"></div> </div><span class="marker MOD3 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD4 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">By most contemporary accounts, the French army was also significantly larger than the English, though the exact degree of their numerical superiority is disputed. Common estimates place the English army at about 6,000, while the French army probably consisted of 20,000 to 30,000 men. This suggests that the French could have outnumbered the English 5 to 1. At least one scholar puts the French army at no more than 12,000, indicating that the English were outnumbered 2 to 1. It seems clear, however, that the English were at a decided numerical disadvantage.</p><span class="marker MOD4 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="marker h3"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref343653"><h2 class="h1">“That fought with us upon Saint Crispin’s day”</h2> <blockquote class="poetry "><span>And Crispin Crispian shall ne’er go by,<br> From this day to the ending of the world,<br> But we in it shall be remember’d<br> <footer>(William Shakespeare, <em>Henry V</em>, Act IV, scene 3)</footer></span></blockquote> <span class="marker PREMOD5 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies"><div class="w-100 assembly-container"><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="195690" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/161240-050-EAF7994E/Battle-of-Agincourt-Henry-V-victory-Hundred-Oct-25-1415.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/9159/195690"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/161240-050-EAF7994E/Battle-of-Agincourt-Henry-V-victory-Hundred-Oct-25-1415.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/161240-050-EAF7994E/Battle-of-Agincourt-Henry-V-victory-Hundred-Oct-25-1415.jpg?w=300" alt="Battle of Agincourt" data-width="1118" data-height="1600" loading="eager"></picture><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/161240-050-EAF7994E/Battle-of-Agincourt-Henry-V-victory-Hundred-Oct-25-1415.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/195690">Battle of Agincourt</a><span>Battle of Agincourt, October 25, 1415, during the Hundred Years' War. </span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div><p class="topic-paragraph">Early in the morning on October 25 (the feast day of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Crispin" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">St. Crispin</a>), 1415, Henry positioned his army for battle on a recently <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="plowed" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/plowed" data-type="EB">plowed</a> field bounded by woods. His men-at-arms were stationed in the centre, flanked by wedges of archers who carried <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/longbow" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">longbows</a> that had an effective range of 250 yards (229 metres). The terrain favoured Henry’s army and disadvantaged its opponent, as it reduced the numerical advantage of the French army by narrowing the front. This would prevent maneuvers that might overwhelm the English ranks.</p><span class="marker MOD5 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD6 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Fighting commenced at 11:00 <span class="text-smallcaps">am</span>, as the English brought their longbows within killing range and the first line of French <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/knight-cavalryman" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">knights</a> advanced, led by <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/cavalry" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">cavalry</a>. The field that the French had to cross to meet their enemy was muddy after a week of rain and slowed their progress, during which time they endured <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="casualties" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/casualties" data-type="EB">casualties</a> from English arrows. When the first French line reached the English front, the cavalry were unable to overwhelm the archers, who had driven sharpened stakes into the ground at an angle before themselves. This was an innovative technique that the English had not used in the Battles of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Crecy" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Crécy</a> and <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Poitiers-French-history-1356" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Poitiers</a>. Eventually the archers abandoned their longbows and began fighting hand-to-hand with swords and axes alongside the men-at-arms.</p><span class="marker MOD6 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD7 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">The next line of French knights that poured in found themselves so tightly packed (the field narrowed at the English end) that they were unable to use their weapons effectively, and the tide of the battle began to turn toward the English. As the English were collecting prisoners, a band of French peasants led by local noblemen began <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="plundering" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/plundering" data-type="EB">plundering</a> Henry’s baggage behind the lines. Thinking it was an attack from the rear, Henry had the French nobles he was holding prisoner killed. The third line of the French army, recoiling at the pile of corpses before them and unable to make an effective charge, was then massacred swiftly.</p><div class="module-spacing"> <DIV class="marketing-INLINE_SUBSCRIPTION marketing-content" data-marketing-id="INLINE_SUBSCRIPTION"><style> .student-promo-banner-wrapper { container-type: inline-size; margin-bottom: 15px; } @container (min-width: 475px) { .student-promo-banner { flex-direction: row; } .student-promo-banner-img-wrapper { margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; } .student-promo-banner-text-wrapper { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; } .student-promo-banner-button-wrapper { margin-right: 0; } }</style> <div class="student-promo-banner-wrapper"> <div class="student-promo-banner d-flex flex-column align-items-center bg-blue rounded p-20"> <div class="student-promo-banner-img-wrapper mb-20 mr-0 d-flex justify-content-center"> <img class="rounded" style="max-width: 100px; min-width: 80px" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/BlueThistle.webp" /> </div> <div class="student-promo-banner-text-wrapper ml-0 mb-10 text-center text-white"> <div class="h2 mb-10">Get Unlimited Access</div> <div class="h4 font-weight-semi-bold">Try Britannica Premium for free and discover more.</div> </div> <div class="student-promo-banner-button-wrapper d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center ml-auto mr-auto"> <a class="btn btn-m btn-orange" href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=inline-cta&utm_campaign=august-2024">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </div> </DIV></div><span class="marker MOD7 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD8 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">The battle probably lasted no longer than three hours and was perhaps as short as half an hour, according to some estimates. While the precise number of casualties is unknown, it is estimated that English losses amounted to about 400 and French losses to about 6,000, many of whom were noblemen.</p><span class="marker MOD8 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="marker h4"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref343654"><h2 class="h1">Significance and legacy of Agincourt</h2> <span class="marker PREMOD9 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">After the victory, Henry continued his march to Calais and arrived back in England in November to an outpouring of nationalistic <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="sentiment" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sentiment" data-type="MW">sentiment</a>. Contemporary accounts describe the triumphal pageantry with which the king was received in London on November 23, with elaborate displays and choirs attending his passage to <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Paul-Minnesota" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">St. Paul’s</a> Cathedral. The <em>Agincourt Carol</em>, dating from around this time and possibly written for Henry’s reception in London, is a rousing celebration of the might of the English. The effect of the victory on national morale was powerful. Agincourt came on the back of half a century of military failure and gave the English a success that repeated victories such as Crécy and Poitiers. Moreover, with this outcome Henry V strengthened his position in his own kingdom; it legitimized his claim to the <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="crown" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/crown" data-type="EB">crown</a>, which had been under threat after his accession.</p><span class="marker MOD9 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD10 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Most importantly, the battle was a significant military blow to France and paved the way for further English conquests and successes. The French nobility, weakened by the defeat and divided among themselves, were unable to meet new attacks with effective resistance. Henry managed to subjugate Normandy in 1419, a victory that was followed by the <span id="ref1273811"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Treaty-of-Troyes" class="md-crosslink ">Treaty of Troyes</a> in 1420, which betrothed Henry to King Charles VI’s daughter Catherine and named him heir to the French crown.</p><div class="one-good-fact-module"> </div><span class="marker MOD10 mod-inline"></span> <span class="marker PREMOD11 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies"><div class="w-100 assembly-container"><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="9036" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/6837-004-ED31B9D4/Kenneth-Branagh-title-role-Henry-V.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/9159/9036"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/6837-004-ED31B9D4/Kenneth-Branagh-title-role-Henry-V.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/6837-004-ED31B9D4/Kenneth-Branagh-title-role-Henry-V.jpg?w=300" alt="Henry V" data-width="197" data-height="300" loading="eager"></picture><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/37/6837-004-ED31B9D4/Kenneth-Branagh-title-role-Henry-V.jpg" data-href="/media/1/9159/9036">Henry V</a><span>Kenneth Branagh in the title role of <em>Henry V</em> (1989).</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div><p class="topic-paragraph">The Battle of Agincourt was immortalized by <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Shakespeare" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">William Shakespeare</a> in his play <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Henry-V-by-Shakespeare" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true"><em>Henry V</em></a>.</p><span class="marker MOD11 mod-inline"></span><span class="md-signature font-12"><a href="/contributor/Julia-Martinez/12489079">Julia Martinez</a></span> </section> <span class="marker end-of-content"></span><span class="marker after-article"></span></div> <div id="chatbot-simplify-root"></div> <div id="chatbot-root"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ai-dialog-placeholder"></div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-da-320"></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; 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Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica