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<span>Free body diagrams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_body_diagrams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belt_and_pulley_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belt_and_pulley_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belt and pulley systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belt_and_pulley_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulley</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrol" title="Katrol – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katrol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%AB" title="በከራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="በከራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="घिरनी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="घिरनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="بكرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بكرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrucha" title="Carrucha – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carrucha" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polea" title="Polea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Polea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blok_(mexanika)" title="Blok (mexanika) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Blok (mexanika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2" title="কপিকল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কপিকল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takal" title="Takal – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Takal" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka-lak" title="Ka-lak – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ka-lak" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Блок (механіка) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блок (механіка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Блёк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Блёк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moton" title="Moton – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Moton" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Макара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Макара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekrk" title="Čekrk – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čekrk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriola" title="Corriola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corriola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Шăлтăрма – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шăлтăрма" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kladka" title="Kladka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kladka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwli" title="Pwli – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwli" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talje_(gearing)" title="Talje (gearing) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Talje (gearing)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolle_(Physik)" title="Rolle (Physik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rolle (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihmaratas" title="Rihmaratas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rihmaratas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τροχαλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τροχαλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polea" title="Polea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulio" title="Pulio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pulio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polea" title="Polea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="قرقره (مکانیک) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قرقره (مکانیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulie" title="Poulie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poulie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ul%C3%B3g" title="Ulóg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ulóg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polea" title="Polea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguruta" title="Nguruta – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Nguruta" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%9E%98" title="도르래 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도르래" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF_(%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4)" title="Ճախարակ (պարզ մեխանիզմ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճախարակ (պարզ մեխանիզմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="घिरनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घिरनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolotura" title="Kolotura – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolotura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulio" title="Pulio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pulio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrol" title="Katrol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katrol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal%C3%ADa" title="Talía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrucola" title="Carrucola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carrucola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="גלגלת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלגלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ರಾಟೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Шкив – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шкив" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennros" title="Tennros – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tennros" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouli" title="Pouli – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pouli" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea" title="Trochlea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Trochlea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%ABsis" title="Trīsis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trīsis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skridinys" title="Skridinys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skridinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taggia_(macchina)" title="Taggia (macchina) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Taggia (macchina)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csiga_(g%C3%A9p)" title="Csiga (gép) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csiga (gép)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чекрек – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чекрек" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="കപ്പി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കപ്പി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapi" title="Kapi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="စက်သီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက်သီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrol" title="Katrol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katrol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="घिर्नी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घिर्नी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="घिर्नी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="घिर्नी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E8%BB%8A" title="滑車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="滑車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinse" title="Trinse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trinse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinse" title="Trinse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trinse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr%C3%A8la" title="Carrèla – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carrèla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribduu" title="Ribduu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ribduu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਭੌਣੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puli" title="Puli – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puli" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj%C3%B2la" title="Tajòla – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tajòla" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielokr%C4%85%C5%BCek_zwyk%C5%82y" title="Wielokrążek zwykły – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielokrążek zwykły" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polia" title="Polia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripete" title="Scripete – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scripete" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiruru" title="Phiruru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Phiruru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Блок (механика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блок (механика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Куолун – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куолун" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B9rrula" title="Cùrrula – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cùrrula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulley" title="Pulley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pulley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kladka" title="Kladka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kladka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kripec" title="Škripec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Škripec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%95" title="خلۆکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خلۆکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Чекрк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чекрк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekrk" title="Čekrk – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čekrk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talja" title="Talja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Talja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_(enkel_maskin)" title="Block (enkel maskin) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Block (enkel maskin)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalo" title="Kalo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="கப்பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95_(%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80)" title="గిలక (పుల్లీ) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గిలక (పుల్లీ)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="รอก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ರಾಟೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಾಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makara" title="Makara – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Makara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Блок (механіка) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Блок (механіка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B2ng_r%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ròng rọc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ròng rọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E8%BC%AA" title="滑輪 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="滑輪" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mut%C3%B3n" title="Mutón – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mutón" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E8%BD%AE" title="滑轮 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="滑轮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%A4%E8%BD%86" title="轤轆 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="轤轆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wheel to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mechanical concept and device. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pulley_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pulley (disambiguation)">Pulley (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Pulley</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PulleyShip.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PulleyShip.JPG/250px-PulleyShip.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PulleyShip.JPG/330px-PulleyShip.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PulleyShip.JPG/500px-PulleyShip.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pulleys on a ship. In this context, pulleys are normally known as <a href="/wiki/Block_(sailing)" title="Block (sailing)">blocks</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Simple_machine" title="Simple machine">Simple machine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data">Construction, transportation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wheels</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Axles</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png/250px-Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png/330px-Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png/500px-Trissa_linhjul_utan_rep_sheave_pulley_wheel_without_rope.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sheave without a rope</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pulley</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheel</a> on an <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shaft_(mechanical_engineering)" title="Shaft (mechanical engineering)">shaft</a> enabling a taut cable or <a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)" title="Belt (mechanical)">belt</a> passing over the wheel to move and change direction, or transfer power between itself and a shaft. A <b>sheave</b> or <b>pulley wheel</b> is a pulley using an axle supported by a frame or shell (<b>block</b>) to guide a cable or exert force. </p><p>A pulley may have a <a href="/wiki/Groove_(machining)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groove (machining)">groove</a> or grooves between <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flanges</a> around its <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a> to locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">rope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wire_rope" title="Wire rope">cable</a>, belt, or <a href="/wiki/Chain" title="Chain">chain</a>. </p><p>The earliest evidence of pulleys dates back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a> (1991–1802 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> in the early 2nd millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Alexandria" title="Hero of Alexandria">Hero of Alexandria</a> (c. 10–70 AD) identified the pulley as one of six <a href="/wiki/Simple_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple machines">simple machines</a> used to lift weights.<sup id="cite_ref-Usher_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usher-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pulleys are assembled to form a <a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">block and tackle</a> in order to provide <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_advantage" title="Mechanical advantage">mechanical advantage</a> to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of <a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)" title="Belt (mechanical)">belt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chain_drive" title="Chain drive">chain drives</a> in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lives" title="Parallel Lives">Parallel Lives</a></i> recounts a scene where <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> proved the effectiveness of compound pulleys and the block-and-tackle system by using one to pull a fully laden ship towards him as if it was gliding through water.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Block_and_tackle">Block and tackle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Block and tackle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tackles.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tackles.png/500px-Tackles.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tackles.png/540px-Tackles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tackles.png/720px-Tackles.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Various ways of rigging a tackle<sup id="cite_ref-advantage_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advantage-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A block is a set of pulleys (wheels) assembled so that each pulley rotates independently from every other pulley. Two blocks with a rope attached to one of the blocks and threaded through the two sets of pulleys form a <a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">block and tackle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">block and tackle</a> is assembled so one block is attached to the fixed mounting point and the other is attached to the moving load. The <a href="/wiki/Ideal_mechanical_advantage" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideal mechanical advantage">ideal mechanical advantage</a> of the block and tackle is equal to the number of sections of the rope that support the moving block. </p><p>In the diagram on the right, the ideal mechanical advantage of each of the block and tackle assemblies<sup id="cite_ref-advantage_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advantage-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shown is as follows: </p> <ul><li>Gun tackle: 2</li> <li>Luff tackle: 3</li> <li>Double tackle: 4</li> <li>Gyn tackle: 5</li> <li>Threefold purchase: 6</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rope_and_pulley_systems">Rope and pulley systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rope and pulley systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley_in_Oil_Well.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pulley_in_Oil_Well.jpg/170px-Pulley_in_Oil_Well.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Pulley_in_Oil_Well.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Pulley in oil derrick</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crane_pulley_4x.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Crane_pulley_4x.jpg/250px-Crane_pulley_4x.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Crane_pulley_4x.jpg/330px-Crane_pulley_4x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Crane_pulley_4x.jpg/500px-Crane_pulley_4x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A hoist using the compound pulley system yielding an advantage of 4. The single fixed pulley is installed on the <a href="/wiki/Hoist_(device)" title="Hoist (device)">hoist</a>. The two movable pulleys (joined) are attached to the <a href="/wiki/Lifting_hook" title="Lifting hook">hook</a>. One end of the rope is attached to the crane frame, another to the winch.</figcaption></figure> <p>A rope and pulley system—that is, a <a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">block and tackle</a>—is characterised by the use of a single continuous rope to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys to lift or move a load—the rope may be a light line or a strong cable. This system is included in the list of <a href="/wiki/Simple_machine" title="Simple machine">simple machines</a> identified by Renaissance scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowser_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowser-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the rope and pulley system does not dissipate or store energy, then its <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_advantage" title="Mechanical advantage">mechanical advantage</a> is the number of parts of the rope that act on the load. This can be shown as follows. </p><p>Consider the set of pulleys that form the moving block and the parts of the rope that support this block. If there are <i>p</i> of these parts of the rope supporting the load <i>W,</i> then a force balance on the moving block shows that the tension in each of the parts of the rope must be <i>W/p.</i> This means the input force on the rope is <i>T</i>=<i>W/p.</i> Thus, the block and tackle reduces the input force by the factor <i>p.</i> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polispasto2B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A gun tackle has a single pulley in both the fixed and moving blocks with two rope parts supporting the load W."><img alt="A gun tackle has a single pulley in both the fixed and moving blocks with two rope parts supporting the load W." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Polispasto2B.jpg/68px-Polispasto2B.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Polispasto2B.jpg/102px-Polispasto2B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Polispasto2B.jpg/136px-Polispasto2B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="659" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A gun tackle has a single pulley in both the fixed and moving blocks with two rope parts supporting the load <i>W.</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley1a.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Separation of the pulleys in the gun tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of W/2."><img alt="Separation of the pulleys in the gun tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of W/2." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pulley1a.svg/120px-Pulley1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pulley1a.svg/250px-Pulley1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Separation of the pulleys in the gun tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of <i>W/2.</i> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polispasto4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A double tackle has two pulleys in both the fixed and moving blocks with four rope parts supporting the load W."><img alt="A double tackle has two pulleys in both the fixed and moving blocks with four rope parts supporting the load W." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Polispasto4.jpg/120px-Polispasto4.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Polispasto4.jpg/250px-Polispasto4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A double tackle has two pulleys in both the fixed and moving blocks with four rope parts supporting the load <i>W.</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley3a.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Separation of the pulleys in the double tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of W/4."><img alt="Separation of the pulleys in the double tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of W/4." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pulley3a.svg/107px-Pulley3a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pulley3a.svg/160px-Pulley3a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pulley3a.svg/214px-Pulley3a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="881" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Separation of the pulleys in the double tackle show the force balance that results in a rope tension of <i>W/4.</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Method_of_operation">Method of operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Method of operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The simplest theory of operation for a pulley system assumes that the pulleys and lines are weightless and that there is no energy loss due to friction. It is also assumed that the lines do not stretch. </p><p>In equilibrium, the forces on the moving block must sum to zero. In addition the tension in the rope must be the same for each of its parts. This means that the two parts of the rope supporting the moving block must each support half the load. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polea-simple-fija.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fixed pulley"><img alt="Fixed pulley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Polea-simple-fija.jpg/120px-Polea-simple-fija.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Polea-simple-fija.jpg/250px-Polea-simple-fija.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fixed pulley</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram 1: The load F on the moving pulley is balanced by the tension in two parts of the rope supporting the pulley."><img alt="Diagram 1: The load F on the moving pulley is balanced by the tension in two parts of the rope supporting the pulley." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pulley0.svg/63px-Pulley0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pulley0.svg/94px-Pulley0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pulley0.svg/126px-Pulley0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram 1: The load <i>F</i> on the moving pulley is balanced by the tension in two parts of the rope supporting the pulley.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polea-simple-movil2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Movable pulley"><img alt="Movable pulley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Polea-simple-movil2.jpg/69px-Polea-simple-movil2.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Polea-simple-movil2.jpg/103px-Polea-simple-movil2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Polea-simple-movil2.jpg/137px-Polea-simple-movil2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Movable pulley</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram 2: A movable pulley lifting the load W is supported by two rope parts with tension W/2."><img alt="Diagram 2: A movable pulley lifting the load W is supported by two rope parts with tension W/2." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pulley1.svg/80px-Pulley1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pulley1.svg/120px-Pulley1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pulley1.svg/160px-Pulley1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram 2: A movable pulley lifting the load <i>W</i> is supported by two rope parts with tension <i>W/2.</i></div> </li> </ul> <p>These are different types of pulley systems: </p> <ul><li><b>Fixed:</b> A <i>fixed</i> pulley has an axle mounted in bearings attached to a supporting structure. A fixed pulley changes the direction of the force on a rope or belt that moves along its circumference. Mechanical advantage is gained by combining a fixed pulley with a movable pulley or another fixed pulley of a different diameter.</li> <li><b>Movable:</b> A <i>movable</i> pulley has an axle in a movable block. A single movable pulley is supported by two parts of the same rope and has a mechanical advantage of two.</li> <li><b>Compound:</b> A combination of fixed and movable pulleys forms a <a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">block and tackle</a>. A <i>block and tackle</i> can have several pulleys mounted on the fixed and moving axles, further increasing the mechanical advantage.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram 3: The gun tackle "rove to advantage" has the rope attached to the moving pulley. The tension in the rope is W/3 yielding an advantage of three."><img alt="Diagram 3: The gun tackle "rove to advantage" has the rope attached to the moving pulley. The tension in the rope is W/3 yielding an advantage of three." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pulley2.svg/80px-Pulley2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pulley2.svg/120px-Pulley2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pulley2.svg/160px-Pulley2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram 3: The gun tackle "rove to advantage" has the rope attached to the moving pulley. The tension in the rope is <i>W/3</i> yielding an advantage of three.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulley2a.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram 3a: The Luff tackle adds a fixed pulley "rove to disadvantage." The tension in the rope remains W/3 yielding an advantage of three."><img alt="Diagram 3a: The Luff tackle adds a fixed pulley "rove to disadvantage." The tension in the rope remains W/3 yielding an advantage of three." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pulley2a.svg/120px-Pulley2a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pulley2a.svg/250px-Pulley2a.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram 3a: The Luff tackle adds a fixed pulley "rove to disadvantage." The tension in the rope remains <i>W/3</i> yielding an advantage of three.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The mechanical advantage of the gun tackle can be increased by interchanging the fixed and moving blocks so the rope is attached to the moving block and the rope is pulled in the direction of the lifted load. In this case the <a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">block and tackle</a> is said to be "rove to advantage."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diagram 3 shows that now three rope parts support the load <i>W</i> which means the tension in the rope is <i>W/3</i>. Thus, the mechanical advantage is three. </p><p>By adding a pulley to the fixed block of a gun tackle the direction of the pulling force is reversed though the mechanical advantage remains the same, Diagram 3a. This is an example of the Luff tackle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_body_diagrams">Free body diagrams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Free body diagrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_advantage" title="Mechanical advantage">mechanical advantage</a> of a pulley system can be analysed using <a href="/wiki/Free_body_diagram" title="Free body diagram">free body diagrams</a> which balance the <a href="/wiki/Tension_(physics)" title="Tension (physics)">tension force</a> in the rope with the <a href="/wiki/Force_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Force of gravity">force of gravity</a> on the load. In an ideal system, the massless and frictionless pulleys do not dissipate energy and allow for a change of direction of a rope that does not stretch or wear. In this case, a force balance on a free body that includes the load, <i>W</i>, and <i>n</i> supporting sections of a rope with tension <i>T</i>, yields: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle nT-W=0.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle nT-W=0.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/facaff0e4834fb00385fe88c1bbb9a99a3490364" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.214ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle nT-W=0.}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>The ratio of the load to the input tension force is the mechanical advantage <i>MA</i> of the pulley system,<sup id="cite_ref-Tiner_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiner-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle MA={\frac {W}{T}}=n.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>W</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle MA={\frac {W}{T}}=n.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f6a3cb352972f30bf5d3a1df4c8a59412fc47d6c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.695ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle MA={\frac {W}{T}}=n.}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Thus, the mechanical advantage of the system is equal to the number of sections of rope supporting the load. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belt_and_pulley_systems">Belt and pulley systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Belt and pulley systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flachriemen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flachriemen.png/220px-Flachriemen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flachriemen.png/330px-Flachriemen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flachriemen.png/440px-Flachriemen.png 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Flat belt on a belt pulley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keilriemen-V-Belt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Keilriemen-V-Belt.png/250px-Keilriemen-V-Belt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Keilriemen-V-Belt.png/330px-Keilriemen-V-Belt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Keilriemen-V-Belt.png/500px-Keilriemen-V-Belt.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Belt and pulley system</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg/220px-PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg/330px-PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg/440px-PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Cone pulley driven from above by a <a href="/wiki/Line_shaft" title="Line shaft">line shaft</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A belt and pulley system is characterized by two or more pulleys in common to a <a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)" title="Belt (mechanical)">belt</a>. This allows for <a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">mechanical power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">speed</a> to be transmitted across axles. If the pulleys are of differing diameters, a mechanical advantage is realized. </p><p>A belt drive is analogous to that of a <a href="/wiki/Chain_drive" title="Chain drive">chain drive</a>; however, a belt sheave may be smooth (devoid of discrete interlocking members as would be found on a chain sprocket, <a href="/wiki/Spur_gear#Spur" title="Spur gear">spur gear</a>, or timing belt) so that the mechanical advantage is approximately given by the ratio of the pitch diameter of the sheaves only, not fixed exactly by the ratio of teeth as with gears and sprockets. </p><p>In the case of a drum-style pulley, without a groove or flanges, the pulley often is slightly convex to keep the <a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)#Flat_belts" title="Belt (mechanical)">flat belt</a> centered. It is sometimes referred to as a crowned pulley. Though once widely used on factory <a href="/wiki/Line_shaft" title="Line shaft">line shafts</a>, this type of pulley is still found driving the rotating brush in upright <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">vacuum cleaners</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Belt_sander" title="Belt sander">belt sanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">bandsaws</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agricultural <a href="/wiki/Tractors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tractors">tractors</a> built up to the early 1950s generally had a belt pulley for a flat belt (which is what <i><a href="/wiki/Belt_Pulley" title="Belt Pulley">Belt Pulley</a></i> magazine was named after). It has been replaced by other mechanisms with more flexibility in methods of use, such as <a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">power take-off</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">hydraulics</a>. </p><p>Just as the diameters of <a href="/wiki/Gear" title="Gear">gears</a> (and, correspondingly, their number of teeth) determine a <a href="/wiki/Gear_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gear ratio">gear ratio</a> and thus the speed increases or reductions and the <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_advantage" title="Mechanical advantage">mechanical advantage</a> that they can deliver, the diameters of pulleys determine those same factors. <a href="/wiki/File:PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg" title="File:PutnamLatheHagley01.jpg">Cone pulleys</a> and step pulleys (which operate on the same principle, although the names tend to be applied to flat belt versions and <a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)#V_belts" title="Belt (mechanical)">V-belt</a> versions, respectively) are a way to provide multiple drive ratios in a belt-and-pulley system that can be shifted as needed, just as a <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a> provides this function with a <a href="/wiki/Gear_train" title="Gear train">gear train</a> that can be shifted. V-belt step pulleys are the most common way that <a href="/wiki/Drill#Drill_press" title="Drill">drill presses</a> deliver a range of spindle speeds. </p><p>With belts and pulleys, friction is one of the most important forces. Some uses for belts and pulleys involve peculiar angles (leading to bad belt tracking and possibly slipping the belt off the pulley) or low belt-tension environments, causing unnecessary slippage of the belt and hence extra wear to the belt. To solve this, pulleys are sometimes lagged. Lagging is the term used to describe the application of a coating, cover or wearing surface with various textured patterns which is sometimes applied to pulley shells. Lagging is often applied in order to extend the life of the shell by providing a replaceable wearing surface or to improve the friction between the belt and the pulley. Notably drive pulleys are often rubber lagged (coated with a rubber friction layer) for exactly this reason.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applying powdered <a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">rosin</a> to the belt may increase the friction temporarily, but may shorten the life of the belt.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Block_and_tackle" title="Block and tackle">Block and tackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(sailing)" title="Block (sailing)">Block (sailing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_pulley" title="Conveyor pulley">Conveyor pulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadeye" title="Deadeye">Deadeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulley" title="Differential pulley">Differential pulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_(mechanism)" title="Eccentric (mechanism)">Eccentric (mechanism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoist_(device)" title="Hoist (device)">Hoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Block_Mills" title="Portsmouth Block Mills">Portsmouth Block Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reel" title="Reel">Reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slickline" title="Slickline">Slickline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-belt" class="mw-redirect" title="V-belt">V-belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireline_(cabling)" title="Wireline (cabling)">Wireline (cabling)</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArnold1991" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Dieter (1991). <i>Building in Egypt: Pharaonic Stone Masonry</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195113747" title="Special:BookSources/9780195113747"><bdi>9780195113747</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+in+Egypt%3A+Pharaonic+Stone+Masonry&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780195113747&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoorey1999" class="citation book cs1">Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientmesopotam00moor"><i>Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence</i></a></span>. Eisenbrauns. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientmesopotam00moor/page/n12">4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781575060422" title="Special:BookSources/9781575060422"><bdi>9781575060422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Mesopotamian+Materials+and+Industries%3A+The+Archaeological+Evidence&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781575060422&rft.aulast=Moorey&rft.aufirst=Peter+Roger+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientmesopotam00moor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Usher-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Usher_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUsher1988" class="citation book cs1">Usher, Abbott Payson (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xuDDqqa8FlwC&q=wedge+and+screw&pg=PA196"><i>A History of Mechanical Inventions</i></a>. USA: Courier Dover Publications. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-25593-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-25593-X"><bdi>0-486-25593-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mechanical+Inventions&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-486-25593-X&rft.aulast=Usher&rft.aufirst=Abbott+Payson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxuDDqqa8FlwC%26q%3Dwedge%2Band%2Bscrew%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUickerPennockShigley2010" class="citation book cs1">Uicker, John; Pennock, Gordon; Shigley, Joseph (2010). <i>Theory of Machines and Mechanisms</i> (4th ed.). Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537123-9"><bdi>978-0-19-537123-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Machines+and+Mechanisms&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-537123-9&rft.aulast=Uicker&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Pennock%2C+Gordon&rft.au=Shigley%2C+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul1979" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Burton (1979). <i>Kinematics and dynamics of planar machinery</i> (illustrated ed.). Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-516062-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-516062-6"><bdi>978-0-13-516062-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinematics+and+dynamics+of+planar+machinery&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-13-516062-6&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRorres2017" class="citation book cs1">Rorres, Chris (2017). <i>Archimedes in the 21st Century</i>. Springer International Publishing. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319580593" title="Special:BookSources/9783319580593"><bdi>9783319580593</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archimedes+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319580593&rft.aulast=Rorres&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-advantage-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-advantage_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-advantage_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2008" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Joseph A (14 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q86UKqYui-0C"><i>Handbook of Rigging: For Construction and Industrial Operations</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-149301-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-149301-7"><bdi>978-0-07-149301-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Rigging%3A+For+Construction+and+Industrial+Operations&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=2008-06-14&rft.isbn=978-0-07-149301-7&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ86UKqYui-0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrater1994" class="citation web cs1">Prater, Edward L. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionknowledge.net/public_domain_documents/Div_1_General/Basic_Skills/Basic%20Machines%20NAVEDTRA%2014037%201994.pdf">"Basic Machines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, NAVEDTRA 14037.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Machines&rft.pub=Naval+Education+and+Training+Professional+Development+and+Technology+Center%2C+NAVEDTRA+14037&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Prater&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionknowledge.net%2Fpublic_domain_documents%2FDiv_1_General%2FBasic_Skills%2FBasic%2520Machines%2520NAVEDTRA%252014037%25201994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Naval_Personnel1971" class="citation book cs1">Bureau of Naval Personnel (1971) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160922221747/http://www.webpal.org/SAFE/aaarecovery/5_simple_technology/basic_machines.pdf"><i>Basic Machines and How They Work</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-21709-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-21709-4"><bdi>0-486-21709-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webpal.org/SAFE/aaarecovery/5_simple_technology/basic_machines.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Machines+and+How+They+Work&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-486-21709-4&rft.au=Bureau+of+Naval+Personnel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webpal.org%2FSAFE%2Faaarecovery%2F5_simple_technology%2Fbasic_machines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAvery1878" class="citation book cs1">Avery, Elroy (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementaryphysi01avergoog"><i>Elementary physics</i></a>. Sheldon and company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementaryphysi01avergoog/page/n471">459</a>. <q>wheel and axle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementary+physics&rft.pages=459&rft.pub=Sheldon+and+company&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=Elroy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementaryphysi01avergoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowser-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowser_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowser1890" class="citation book cs1">Bowser, Edward (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UdM3AAAAMAAJ&q=simple+machine&pg=PR9"><i>An elementary treatise on analytic mechanics: With numerous examples</i></a> (5 ed.). D. Van Nostrand company. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+elementary+treatise+on+analytic+mechanics%3A+With+numerous+examples&rft.pages=180&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrand+company&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Bowser&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUdM3AAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dsimple%2Bmachine%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sccheadquarters.com/Data/Sites/1/media/Training/TrainingInstructions/seamanship/Chapter%205%20-%20General%20Rigging.pdf">"Seamanship Reference, Chapter 5, General Rigging"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. sccheadquarters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seamanship+Reference%2C+Chapter+5%2C+General+Rigging&rft.pub=sccheadquarters.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sccheadquarters.com%2FData%2FSites%2F1%2Fmedia%2FTraining%2FTrainingInstructions%2Fseamanship%2FChapter%25205%2520-%2520General%2520Rigging.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiner-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tiner_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTiner2006" class="citation book cs1">Tiner, John Hudson (2006-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892430550"><i>Exploring the world of physics : from simple machines to nuclear energy</i></a>. Green Forest, AR: <a href="/wiki/New_Leaf_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="New Leaf Publishing Group">New Leaf Publishing Group</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61458-156-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61458-156-7"><bdi>978-1-61458-156-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2005936557">2005936557</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/892430550">892430550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+world+of+physics+%3A+from+simple+machines+to+nuclear+energy&rft.place=Green+Forest%2C+AR&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=New+Leaf+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F892430550&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2005936557&rft.isbn=978-1-61458-156-7&rft.aulast=Tiner&rft.aufirst=John+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F892430550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://woodgears.ca/bandsaw/crowned_pulleys.html">"How crowned pulleys keep a flat belt tracking"</a>. Wood Gears.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+crowned+pulleys+keep+a+flat+belt+tracking&rft.pub=Wood+Gears&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwoodgears.ca%2Fbandsaw%2Fcrowned_pulleys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ckit.co.za/secure/conveyor/troughed/pulleys/pulley_lagging.htm">"Pulley Lagging"</a>. CKIT<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pulley+Lagging&rft.pub=CKIT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ckit.co.za%2Fsecure%2Fconveyor%2Ftroughed%2Fpulleys%2Fpulley_lagging.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=80E_AQAAMAAJ&dq=drive+belt+rosin&pg=RA1-PA278">"Leather and cotton belts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Mechanic_and_World_of_Science" title="The English Mechanic and World of Science">The English Mechanic and World of Science</a></i>. No. 1236. London. 30 November 1888. p. 278.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Mechanic+and+World+of+Science&rft.atitle=Leather+and+cotton+belts&rft.issue=1236&rft.pages=278&rft.date=1888-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D80E_AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3Ddrive%2Bbelt%2Brosin%26pg%3DRA1-PA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APulley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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