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quadrature</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: rational quadrature"> <meta name="keywords" content="rational quadrature"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="rational quadrature"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 536</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: rational quadrature</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">536</span> Improvement of the Numerical Integration's Quality in Meshless Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlem%20Mougaida">Ahlem Mougaida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedi%20Bel%20Hadj%20Salah"> Hedi Bel Hadj Salah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several methods are suggested to improve the numerical integration in Galerkin weak form for Meshless methods. In fact, integrating without taking into account the characteristics of the shape functions reproduced by Meshless methods (rational functions, with compact support etc.), causes a large integration error that influences the PDE’s approximate solution. Comparisons between different methods of numerical integration for rational functions are discussed and compared. The algorithms are implemented in Matlab. Finally, numerical results were presented to prove the efficiency of our algorithms in improving results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20methods" title="adaptive methods">adaptive methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meshless" title=" meshless"> meshless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20integration" title=" numerical integration"> numerical integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20quadrature" title=" rational quadrature"> rational quadrature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46442/improvement-of-the-numerical-integrations-quality-in-meshless-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">535</span> Using Derivative Free Method to Improve the Error Estimation of Numerical Quadrature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Yun%20Chen">Chin-Yun Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical integration is an essential tool for deriving different physical quantities in engineering and science. The effectiveness of a numerical integrator depends on different factors, where the crucial one is the error estimation. This work presents an error estimator that combines a derivative free method to improve the performance of verified numerical quadrature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20quadrature" title="numerical quadrature">numerical quadrature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20estimation" title=" error estimation"> error estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derivative%20free%20method" title=" derivative free method"> derivative free method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20computation" title=" interval computation "> interval computation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17210/using-derivative-free-method-to-improve-the-error-estimation-of-numerical-quadrature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">534</span> Numerical Solution of Integral Equations by Using Discrete GHM Multiwavelet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archit%20Yajnik">Archit Yajnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rustam%20Ali"> Rustam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, numerical method based on discrete GHM multiwavelets is presented for solving the Fredholm integral equations of second kind. There is hardly any article available in the literature in which the integral equations are numerically solved using discrete GHM multiwavelet. A number of examples are demonstrated to justify the applicability of the method. In GHM multiwavelets, the values of scaling and wavelet functions are calculated only at t = 0, 0.5 and 1. The numerical solution obtained by the present approach is compared with the traditional Quadrature method. It is observed that the present approach is more accurate and computationally efficient as compared to quadrature method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHM%20multiwavelet" title="GHM multiwavelet">GHM multiwavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fredholm%20integral%20equations" title=" fredholm integral equations"> fredholm integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20method" title=" quadrature method"> quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function%20approximation" title=" function approximation"> function approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36311/numerical-solution-of-integral-equations-by-using-discrete-ghm-multiwavelet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">533</span> The Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Rational Numbers in Primary School Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Kashim">R. M. Kashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates the conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational number in primary school teachers, specifically, the primary school teachers level of conceptual knowledge about rational number and the primary school teachers level of procedural knowledge about rational numbers. The study was carried out in Bauchi metropolis in Bauchi state of Nigeria. A Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge Test was used as the instrument for data collection, 54 mathematics teachers in Bauchi primary schools were involved in the study. The collections were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the primary school mathematics teachers in Bauchi metropolis posses a low level of conceptual knowledge of rational number and also possess a high level of Procedural knowledge of rational number. It is therefore recommended that to be effective, teachers teaching mathematics most posses a deep understanding of both conceptual and procedural knowledge. That way the most knowledgeable teachers in mathematics deliver highly effective rational number instructions. Teachers should not ignore the mathematical concept aspect of rational number teaching. This is because only the procedural aspect of Rational number is highlighted during instructions; this often leads to rote - learning of procedures without understanding the meanings. It is necessary for teachers to learn rational numbers teaching method that focus on both conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge teaching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20knowledge" title="conceptual knowledge">conceptual knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20teachers" title=" primary school teachers"> primary school teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedural%20knowledge" title=" procedural knowledge"> procedural knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20numbers" title=" rational numbers"> rational numbers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44950/the-conceptual-and-procedural-knowledge-of-rational-numbers-in-primary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">532</span> Primary School Teachers’ Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Rational Number and Its Effects on Pupils’ Achievement in Rational Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Kashim">R. M. Kashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated primary school teachers’ conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers and its effects on pupil’s achievement in rational numbers. Specifically, primary school teachers’ level of conceptual knowledge about rational numbers, primary school teachers’ level of procedural knowledge about rational numbers, and the effects of teachers conceptual and procedural knowledge on their pupils understanding of rational numbers in primary schools is investigated. The study was carried out in Bauchi metropolis in the Bauchi state of Nigeria. The design of the study was a multi-stage design. The first stage was a descriptive design. The second stage involves a pre-test, post-test only quasi-experimental design. Two instruments were used for the data collection in the study. These were Conceptual and Procedural knowledge test (CPKT) and Rational number achievement test (RAT), the population of the study comprises of three (3) mathematics teachers’ holders of Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) teaching primary six and 210 pupils in their intact classes were used for the study. The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and t- test. The findings indicated that the pupils taught rational number by a teacher that has high conceptual and procedural knowledge understand and perform better than the pupil taught by a teacher who has low conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational number. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers in primary schools should be encouraged to enrich their conceptual knowledge of rational numbers. Also, the superiority performance of teachers in procedural knowledge in rational number should not become an obstruction of understanding. Teachers Conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers should be balanced so that primary school pupils will have a view of better teaching and learning of rational number in our contemporary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual" title="conceptual">conceptual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedural%20knowledge" title=" procedural knowledge"> procedural knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20number" title=" rational number"> rational number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pupils" title=" pupils"> pupils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24016/primary-school-teachers-conceptual-and-procedural-knowledge-of-rational-number-and-its-effects-on-pupils-achievement-in-rational-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">531</span> Primary School Teachers’ Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Rational Numbers and Its Effects on Pupils Achievement of Rational Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raliatu%20Mohammed%20Kashim">Raliatu Mohammed Kashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated primary school teachers conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers to determine how it effects on pupil’s achievement on rational number. Specifically, primary school teachers’ level of conceptual and procedural knowledge about rational number and its effects on their pupils understanding of rational number in primary school was explored. The study was carried out in Bauchi state of Nigeria, Using a multistage design. The first stage was a descriptive design. The second stage involves a pre-test post-test only quasi experiment design. The population of the study comprises of six mathematics teachers holding the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) teaching primary six and their two hundred and ten pupils in intact class. Two instrument namely Conceptual and Procedural knowledge Test (CPKT) and Rational number Achievement Test (RAT) were used for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using ANCOVA and Scheffe’s Test. The result revealed a significant differences between pupils taught by teachers with high conceptual and procedural knowledge and those target by teachers with low conceptual and procedural knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20knowledge" title="conceptual knowledge">conceptual knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedural%20knowledge" title=" procedural knowledge"> procedural knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20numbers" title=" rational numbers"> rational numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multistage%20design" title=" multistage design "> multistage design </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12443/primary-school-teachers-conceptual-and-procedural-knowledge-of-rational-numbers-and-its-effects-on-pupils-achievement-of-rational-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">530</span> Free Vibration Analysis of Pinned-Pinned and Clamped-Clamped Equal Strength Columns under Self-Weight and Tip Force Using Differential Quadrature Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Waffo%20Tchuimmo">F. Waffo Tchuimmo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20S.%20Kwandio%20Dongoua"> G. S. Kwandio Dongoua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20U.%20Yves%20Mbono%20Samba"> C. U. Yves Mbono Samba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Dafounansou"> O. Dafounansou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Nana"> L. Nana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The strength criterion is an important condition of great interest to guarantee the stability of the structural elements. The present work is based on the study of the free vibration of Euler’s Bernoulli column of equal strength in compression while considering its own weight and the axial load in compression and tension subjected to symmetrical boundary conditions. We use the differential quadrature method to investigate the first fifth naturals frequencies parameters of the column according to the different forms of geometrical sections. The results of this work give help in making a judicious choice of type of cross-section and a better boundary condition to guarantee good stability of this type of column in civil constructions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title="free vibration">free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equal%20strength" title=" equal strength"> equal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-weight" title=" self-weight"> self-weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tip%20force" title=" tip force"> tip force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20quadrature%20method" title=" differential quadrature method"> differential quadrature method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152024/free-vibration-analysis-of-pinned-pinned-and-clamped-clamped-equal-strength-columns-under-self-weight-and-tip-force-using-differential-quadrature-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">529</span> Monotone Rational Trigonometric Interpolation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzma%20Bashir">Uzma Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20Md.%20Ali"> Jamaludin Md. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the visualization of monotone data using a piece-wise C1 rational trigonometric interpolating scheme. Four positive shape parameters are incorporated in the structure of rational trigonometric spline. Conditions on two of these parameters are derived to attain the monotonicity of monotone data and other two are left-free. Figures are used widely to exhibit that the proposed scheme produces graphically smooth monotone curves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric%20splines" title="trigonometric splines">trigonometric splines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monotone%20data" title=" monotone data"> monotone data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20preserving" title=" shape preserving"> shape preserving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C1%20monotone%20interpolant" title=" C1 monotone interpolant"> C1 monotone interpolant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5079/monotone-rational-trigonometric-interpolation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">528</span> Simple Multipath Compensation for Frequency Modulated Signals: A Case of Radio Frequency vs. Quadrature Baseband</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusungu%20Ndovi">Lusungu Ndovi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radio propagation from point-to-point is affected by the physical channel in many ways. A signal arriving at a destination travels through a number of different paths which are referred to as multi-paths. Research in this area of wireless communications has progressed well over the years with the research taking different angles of focus. By this is meant that some researchers focus on ways of reducing or eluding Multipath effects whilst others focus on ways of mitigating the effects of Multipath through compensation schemes. Baseband processing is seen as one field of signal processing that is cardinal to the advancement of software-defined radio technology. This has led to wide research into the carrying out certain algorithms at baseband. This paper considers compensating for Multipath for Frequency Modulated signals. The compensation process is carried out at Radio frequency (RF) and at Quadrature baseband (QBB) and the results are compared. Simulations are carried out using MatLab so as to show the benefits of working at lower QBB frequencies than at RF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20baseband" title="quadrature baseband">quadrature baseband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qadio%20frequency" title=" qadio frequency"> qadio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qultipath%20compensation" title=" qultipath compensation"> qultipath compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20qodulation" title=" frequency qodulation"> frequency qodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28979/simple-multipath-compensation-for-frequency-modulated-signals-a-case-of-radio-frequency-vs-quadrature-baseband" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">527</span> Quadrature Mirror Filter Bank Design Using Population Based Stochastic Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Chen%20Chung"> Ding-Chen Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the optimal design of two-channel linear-phase (LP) quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks using a metaheuristic based optimization technique. Based on the theory of two-channel QMF banks using two recursive digital all-pass filters (DAFs), the design problem is appropriately formulated to result in an objective function which is a weighted sum of the group delay error of the designed QMF bank and the magnitude response error of the designed low-pass analysis filter. Through a frequency sampling and a weighted least squares approach, the optimization problem of the objective function can be solved by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The resulting two-channel QMF banks can possess approximately LP response without magnitude distortion. Simulation results are presented for illustration and comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20mirror%20filter%20bank" title="quadrature mirror filter bank">quadrature mirror filter bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20all-pass%20filter" title=" digital all-pass filter"> digital all-pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20least%20squares%20algorithm" title=" weighted least squares algorithm"> weighted least squares algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6051/quadrature-mirror-filter-bank-design-using-population-based-stochastic-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">526</span> Finding the Elastic Field in an Arbitrary Anisotropic Media by Implementing Accurate Generalized Gaussian Quadrature Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Kabir">Hossein Kabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hossein%20Hassanpour%20Mati-Kolaie"> Amir Hossein Hassanpour Mati-Kolaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, the elastic field in an anisotropic elastic media is determined by implementing a general semi-analytical method. In this specific methodology, the displacement field is computed as a sum of finite functions with unknown coefficients. These aforementioned functions satisfy exactly both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous boundary conditions in the proposed media. It is worth mentioning that the unknown coefficients are determined by implementing the principle of minimum potential energy. The numerical integration is implemented by employing the Generalized Gaussian Quadrature solution. Furthermore, with the aid of the calculated unknown coefficients, the displacement field, as well as the other parameters of the elastic field, are obtainable as well. Finally, the comparison of the previous analytical method with the current semi-analytical method proposes the efficacy of the present methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20elastic%20media" title="anisotropic elastic media">anisotropic elastic media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-analytical%20method" title=" semi-analytical method"> semi-analytical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20field" title=" elastic field"> elastic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20gaussian%20quadrature%20solution" title=" generalized gaussian quadrature solution"> generalized gaussian quadrature solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74780/finding-the-elastic-field-in-an-arbitrary-anisotropic-media-by-implementing-accurate-generalized-gaussian-quadrature-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">525</span> Generating Arabic Fonts Using Rational Cubic Ball Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakharuddin%20Ibrahim">Fakharuddin Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20Md.%20Ali"> Jamaludin Md. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ramli"> Ahmad Ramli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we will discuss about the data interpolation by using the rational cubic Ball curve. To generate a curve with a better and satisfactory smoothness, the curve segments must be connected with a certain amount of continuity. The continuity that we will consider is of type G<sup>1</sup> continuity. The conditions considered are known as the G<sup>1</sup> Hermite condition. A simple application of the proposed method is to generate an Arabic font satisfying the required continuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20interpolation" title="data interpolation">data interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20ball%20curve" title=" rational ball curve"> rational ball curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hermite%20condition" title=" hermite condition"> hermite condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuity" title=" continuity"> continuity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202/generating-arabic-fonts-using-rational-cubic-ball-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Superconvergence of the Iterated Discrete Legendre Galerkin Method for Fredholm-Hammerstein Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payel%20Das">Payel Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gnaneshwar%20Nelakanti"> Gnaneshwar Nelakanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we analyse the iterated discrete Legendre Galerkin method for Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations with smooth kernel. Using sufficiently accurate numerical quadrature rule, we obtain superconvergence rates for the iterated discrete Legendre Galerkin solutions in both infinity and $L^2$-norm. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hammerstein%20integral%20equations" title="hammerstein integral equations">hammerstein integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20method" title=" spectral method"> spectral method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20galerkin" title=" discrete galerkin"> discrete galerkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%0D%0Aquadrature" title=" numerical quadrature"> numerical quadrature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconvergence" title=" superconvergence"> superconvergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22260/superconvergence-of-the-iterated-discrete-legendre-galerkin-method-for-fredholm-hammerstein-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> An Application of Sinc Function to Approximate Quadrature Integrals in Generalized Linear Mixed Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altaf%20H.%20Khan">Altaf H. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Stenger"> Frank Stenger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Hussein"> Mohammed A. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reaz%20A.%20Chaudhuri"> Reaz A. Chaudhuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameera%20Asif"> Sameera Asif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a novel approach to approximate quadrature integrals that arise in the estimation of likelihood parameters for the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) as well as Bayesian methodology also requires computation of multidimensional integrals with respect to the posterior distributions in which computation are not only tedious and cumbersome rather in some situations impossible to find solutions because of singularities, irregular domains, etc. An attempt has been made in this work to apply Sinc function based quadrature rules to approximate intractable integrals, as there are several advantages of using Sinc based methods, for example: order of convergence is exponential, works very well in the neighborhood of singularities, in general quite stable and provide high accurate and double precisions estimates. The Sinc function based approach seems to be utilized first time in statistical domain to our knowledge, and it's viability and future scopes have been discussed to apply in the estimation of parameters for GLMM models as well as some other statistical areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20linear%20mixed%20model" title="generalized linear mixed model">generalized linear mixed model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=likelihood%20parameters" title=" likelihood parameters"> likelihood parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qudarature" title=" qudarature"> qudarature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinc%20function" title=" Sinc function"> Sinc function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39637/an-application-of-sinc-function-to-approximate-quadrature-integrals-in-generalized-linear-mixed-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Nonlinear Static Analysis of Laminated Composite Hollow Beams with Super-Elliptic Cross-Sections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Akgun">G. Akgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Algul"> I. Algul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kurtaran"> H. Kurtaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper geometrically nonlinear static behavior of laminated composite hollow super-elliptic beams is investigated using generalized differential quadrature method. Super-elliptic beam can have both oval and elliptic cross-sections by adjusting parameters in super-ellipse formulation (also known as Lamé curves). Equilibrium equations of super-elliptic beam are obtained using the virtual work principle. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into account using von-Kármán nonlinear strain-displacement relations. Spatial derivatives in strains are expressed with the generalized differential quadrature method. Transverse shear effect is considered through the first-order shear deformation theory. Static equilibrium equations are solved using Newton-Raphson method. Several composite super-elliptic beam problems are solved with the proposed method. Effects of layer orientations of composite material, boundary conditions, ovality and ellipticity on bending behavior are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20differential%20quadrature" title="generalized differential quadrature">generalized differential quadrature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20nonlinearity" title=" geometric nonlinearity"> geometric nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20composite" title=" laminated composite"> laminated composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-elliptic%20cross-section" title=" super-elliptic cross-section"> super-elliptic cross-section</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74966/nonlinear-static-analysis-of-laminated-composite-hollow-beams-with-super-elliptic-cross-sections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> Cryptography Over Sextic Extension with Cubic Subfield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chillali">A. Chillali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sahmoudi"> M. Sahmoudi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will give a method for encoding the elements of the ring of integers of sextic extension, namely L = Q(a,b) which is a rational quadratic over cubic field K =Q(a) where a^{2} is a rational square free integer and b is a root of irreducible polynomiale of degree 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coding" title="coding">coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20bases" title=" integral bases"> integral bases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sextic" title=" sextic"> sextic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic" title=" quadratic"> quadratic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24264/cryptography-over-sextic-extension-with-cubic-subfield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> Transverse Vibration of Non-Homogeneous Rectangular Plates of Variable Thickness Using GDQ</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Saini">R. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Lal"> R. Lal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of non-homogeneity on the free transverse vibration of thin rectangular plates of bilinearly varying thickness has been analyzed using generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method. The non-homogeneity of the plate material is assumed to arise due to linear variations in Young’s modulus and density of the plate material with the in-plane coordinates x and y. Numerical results have been computed for fully clamped and fully simply supported boundary conditions. The solution procedure by means of GDQ method has been implemented in a MATLAB code. The effect of various plate parameters has been investigated for the first three modes of vibration. A comparison of results with those available in literature has been presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular" title="rectangular">rectangular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-homogeneous" title=" non-homogeneous"> non-homogeneous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20thickness" title=" bilinear thickness"> bilinear thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20differential%20quadrature%20%28GDQ%29" title=" generalized differential quadrature (GDQ)"> generalized differential quadrature (GDQ)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9802/transverse-vibration-of-non-homogeneous-rectangular-plates-of-variable-thickness-using-gdq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> The Principle of Methodological Rationality and Security of Organisations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Franciszek%20Jacko">Jan Franciszek Jacko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation presents the principle of methodological rationality of decision making and discusses the impact of an organisation's members' methodologically rational or irrational decisions on its security. This study formulates and partially justifies some research hypotheses regarding the impact. The thinking experiment is used according to Max Weber's ideal types method. Two idealised situations("models") are compared: Model A, whereall decision-makers follow methodologically rational decision-making procedures. Model B, in which these agents follow methodologically irrational decision-making practices. Analysing and comparing the two models will allow the formulation of some research hypotheses regarding the impact of methodologically rational and irrational attitudes of members of an organisation on its security. In addition to the method, phenomenological analyses of rationality and irrationality are applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodological%20rationality" title="methodological rationality">methodological rationality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20decisions" title=" rational decisions"> rational decisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20of%20organisations" title=" security of organisations"> security of organisations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20economics" title=" philosophy of economics"> philosophy of economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145587/the-principle-of-methodological-rationality-and-security-of-organisations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Vibration of Nonhomogeneous Timoshenko Nanobeam Resting on Winkler-Pasternak Foundation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somnath%20Karmakar">Somnath Karmakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chakraverty"> S. Chakraverty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigates the vibration of nonhomogeneous Timoshenko nanobeam resting on the Winkler-Pasternak foundation. Eringen’s nonlocal theory has been used to investigate small-scale effects. The Differential Quadrature method is used to obtain the frequency parameters with various classical boundary conditions. The nonhomogeneous beam model has been considered, where Young’s modulus and density of the beam material vary linearly and quadratically. Convergence of frequency parameters is also discussed. The influence of mechanical properties and scaling parameters on vibration frequencies are investigated for different boundary conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timoshenko%20beam" title="Timoshenko beam">Timoshenko beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eringen%27s%20nonlocal%20theory" title=" Eringen's nonlocal theory"> Eringen's nonlocal theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20quadrature%20method" title=" differential quadrature method"> differential quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonhomogeneous%20nanobeam" title=" nonhomogeneous nanobeam"> nonhomogeneous nanobeam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153025/vibration-of-nonhomogeneous-timoshenko-nanobeam-resting-on-winkler-pasternak-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Rational Bureaucracy and E-Government: A Philosophical Study of Universality of E-Government</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Jamali">Akbar Jamali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hegel is the first great political philosopher who specifically contemplates on bureaucracy. For Hegel bureaucracy is the function of the state. Since state, essentially is a rational organization, its function; namely, bureaucracy must be rational. Since, what is rational is universal; Hegel had to explain how the bureaucracy could be understood as universal. Hegel discusses bureaucracy in his treatment of ‘executive power’. He analyses modern bureaucracy as a form of political organization, its constituent members, and its relation to the social environment. Therefore, the essence of bureaucracy in Hegel’s philosophy is the implementation of law and rules. Hegel argues that unlike the other social classes that are particular because they look for their own private interest, bureaucracy as a class is a ‘universal’ because their orientation is the interest of the state. State for Hegel is essentially rational and universal. It is the actualization of ‘objective Spirit’. Marx criticizes Hegel’s argument on the universality of state and bureaucracy. For Marx state is equal to bureaucracy, it constitutes a social class that based on the interest of bourgeois class that dominates the society and exploits proletarian class. Therefore, the main disagreement between these political philosophers is: whether the state (bureaucracy) is universal or particular. Growing e-government in modern state as an important aspect of development leads us to contemplate on the particularity and universality of e-government. In this article, we will argue that e-government essentially is universal. E-government, in itself, is impartial; therefore, it cannot be particular. The development of e-government eliminates many side effects of the private, personal or particular interest of the individuals who work as bureaucracy. Finally, we will argue that more a state is developed more it is universal. Therefore, development of e-government makes the state a more universal and affects the modern philosophical debate on the particularity or universality of bureaucracy and state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particularity" title="particularity">particularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universality" title=" universality"> universality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20bureaucracy" title=" rational bureaucracy"> rational bureaucracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impartiality" title=" impartiality"> impartiality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45591/rational-bureaucracy-and-e-government-a-philosophical-study-of-universality-of-e-government" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> Bit Error Rate Monitoring for Automatic Bias Control of Quadrature Amplitude Modulators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naji%20Ali%20Albakay">Naji Ali Albakay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Alothaim"> Abdulrahman Alothaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Barshushi"> Isa Barshushi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most common quadrature amplitude modulator (QAM) applies two Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZM) and one phase shifter to generate high order modulation format. The bias of MZM changes over time due to temperature, vibration, and aging factors. The change in the biasing causes distortion to the generated QAM signal which leads to deterioration of bit error rate (BER) performance. Therefore, it is critical to be able to lock MZM’s Q point to the required operating point for good performance. We propose a technique for automatic bias control (ABC) of QAM transmitter using BER measurements and gradient descent optimization algorithm. The proposed technique is attractive because it uses the pertinent metric, BER, which compensates for bias drifting independently from other system variations such as laser source output power. The proposed scheme performance and its operating principles are simulated using OptiSystem simulation software for 4-QAM and 16-QAM transmitters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20bias%20control" title="automatic bias control">automatic bias control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber%20communication" title=" optical fiber communication"> optical fiber communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20modulation" title=" optical modulation"> optical modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20devices" title=" optical devices"> optical devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137442/bit-error-rate-monitoring-for-automatic-bias-control-of-quadrature-amplitude-modulators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Dynamic Analysis of Composite Doubly Curved Panels with Variable Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Algul">I. Algul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Akgun"> G. Akgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kurtaran"> H. Kurtaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic analysis of composite doubly curved panels with variable thickness subjected to different pulse types using Generalized Differential Quadrature method (GDQ) is presented in this study. Panels with variable thickness are used in the construction of aerospace and marine industry. Giving variable thickness to panels can allow the designer to get optimum structural efficiency. For this reason, estimating the response of variable thickness panels is very important to design more reliable structures under dynamic loads. Dynamic equations for composite panels with variable thickness are obtained using virtual work principle. Partial derivatives in the equation of motion are expressed with GDQ and Newmark average acceleration scheme is used for temporal discretization. Several examples are used to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are compared with finite element method. Effects of taper ratios, boundary conditions and loading type on the response of composite panel are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20quadrature%20method" title="differential quadrature method">differential quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20curved%20panels" title=" doubly curved panels"> doubly curved panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20composite%20materials" title=" laminated composite materials"> laminated composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20displacement" title=" small displacement"> small displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965/dynamic-analysis-of-composite-doubly-curved-panels-with-variable-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Rational Thinking and Forgiveness in Pakistan: The Role of Democratic Values and Mass Media Attitude</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shoaib">Muhammad Shoaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every society has a set of beliefs, norms, values, folkways, mores and laws. All the principles, customs, traditions and procedures of societies are directly or indirectly related to the religion of the society and changed with the passage of time by the mediation of democratic values attitudes and mass media influence. The main objective of the present study is to examine the effects of rational thinking values on forgiveness attitude by the mediation of democratic values and mass media attitude among family members. As many other developing settings, Pakistani society is undergoing a rapid and multifaceted social change, in which traditional thinking coexists and often clashes with modern thinking. Rational thinking attitude has great effects on the forgiveness attitude among family members as well as all the members of Pakistani society. For the present study 520 respondents were sampled from two urban areas of Punjab province; Lahore and Faisalabad, through proportionate random sampling technique. A survey method was used as a technique of data collection and an interview schedule was administered to collect information from the respondents. The results support that the net of other factors, favorable democratic values attitudes are positively associated rational thinking attitudes. The results also provide support that all other things equal, mass media attitudes also have a significant positive effect on rational thinking attitudes. Favorable democratic values attitudes have a significant net positive effect and the effect of mass media attitudes is positive and statistically highly significant. It shows that the effects of both democratic values attitudes and mass media attitudes diminish in magnitude when the rational thinking attitudes scale is included. However, the effect of democratic values remains highly significant. In comparison, the effect of mass media attitudes is only marginally significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationality" title="rationality">rationality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forgiveness" title=" forgiveness"> forgiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20values" title=" democratic values"> democratic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20media" title=" mass media"> mass media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan "> Pakistan </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14002/rational-thinking-and-forgiveness-in-pakistan-the-role-of-democratic-values-and-mass-media-attitude" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Existence of Rational Primitive Normal Pairs with Prescribed Norm and Trace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soniya%20Takshak">Soniya Takshak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Sharma"> R. K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let q and n be positive integers, then Fᵩ denotes the finite field of q elements, and Fqn denotes the extension of Fᵩ of degree n. Also, Fᵩ* represents the multiplicative group of non-zero elements of Fᵩ, and the generators of Fᵩ* are called primitive elements. A normal element α of a finite field Fᵩⁿ is such that {α, αᵠ, . . . , αᵠⁿ⁻¹} forms a basis for Fᵩⁿ over Fᵩ. Primitive normal elements have several applications in coding theory and cryptography. So, establishing the existence of primitive normal elements under certain conditions is both theoretically important and a natural issue. In this article, we provide a sufficient condition for the existence of a primitive normal element α in Fᵩⁿ of a prescribed primitive norm and non-zero trace over Fᵩ such that f(α) is also primitive, where f(x) ∈ Fᵩⁿ(x) is a rational function of degree sum m. Particularly, we investigated the rational functions of degree sum 4 over Fᵩⁿ, where q = 11ᵏ and demonstrated that there are only 3 exceptional pairs (q, n), n ≥ 7 for which such kind of primitive normal elements may not exist. In general, we show that such elements always exist except for finitely many choices of (q, n). To arrive to our conclusion, we used additive and multiplicative character sums. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20field" title="finite field">finite field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primitive%20element" title=" primitive element"> primitive element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20element" title=" normal element"> normal element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=norm" title=" norm"> norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace" title=" trace"> trace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character" title=" character"> character</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149587/existence-of-rational-primitive-normal-pairs-with-prescribed-norm-and-trace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Competence-Based Human Resources Selection and Training: Making Decisions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Starineca">O. Starineca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Voronchuk"> I. Voronchuk </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Resources (HR) selection and training have various implementation possibilities depending on an organization’s abilities and peculiarities. We propose to base HR selection and training decisions about on a competence-based approach. HR selection and training of employees are topical as there is room for improvement in this field; therefore, the aim of the research is to propose rational decision-making approaches for an organization HR selection and training choice. Our proposals are based on the training development and competence-based selection approaches created within previous researches i.e. Analytic-Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Linear Programming. Literature review on non-formal education, competence-based selection, AHP form our theoretical background. Some educational service providers in Latvia offer employees training, e.g. motivation, computer skills, accounting, law, ethics, stress management, etc. that are topical for Public Administration. Competence-based approach is a rational base for rational decision-making in both HR selection and considering HR training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competence-based%20selection" title="competence-based selection">competence-based selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title=" human resource"> human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31400/competence-based-human-resources-selection-and-training-making-decisions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> A Guide to the Implementation of Ambisonics Super Stereo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessio%20Mastrorillo">Alessio Mastrorillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giuseppe%20Silvi"> Giuseppe Silvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Scagliola"> Francesco Scagliola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we introduce an Ambisonics decoder with an implementation of the C-format, also called Super Stereo. This format is an alternative to conventional stereo and binaural decoding. Unlike those, this format conveys audio information from the horizontal plane and works with stereo speakers and headphones. The two C-format channels can also return a reconstructed planar B-format. This work provides an open-source implementation for this format. We implement an all-pass filter for signal quadrature, as required by the decoding equations. This filter works with six Biquads in a cascade configuration, with values for control frequency and quality factor discovered experimentally. The phase response of the filter delivers a small error in the 20-14.000Hz range. The decoder has been tested with audio sources up to 192kHz sample rate, returning pristine sound quality and detailed stereo image. It has been included in the Envelop for Live suite and is available as an open-source repository. This decoder has applications in Virtual Reality and 360° audio productions, music composition, and online streaming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambisonics" title="ambisonics">ambisonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHJ" title=" UHJ"> UHJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20filter" title=" quadrature filter"> quadrature filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerzon" title=" Gerzon"> Gerzon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoder" title=" decoder"> decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereo" title=" stereo"> stereo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binaural" title=" binaural"> binaural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biquad" title=" biquad"> biquad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158051/a-guide-to-the-implementation-of-ambisonics-super-stereo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Design of Two-Channel Quincunx Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks Using Digital All-Pass Lattice Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong-Jia%20Ciou"> Chong-Jia Ciou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of two-dimensional (2-D) recursive two-channel quincunx quadrature mirror filter (QQMF) banks design. The analysis and synthesis filters of the 2-D recursive QQMF bank are composed of 2-D recursive digital allpass lattice filters (DALFs) with symmetric half-plane (SHP) support regions. Using the 2-D doubly complementary half-band (DC-HB) property possessed by the analysis and synthesis filters, we facilitate the design of the proposed QQMF bank. For finding the coefficients of the 2-D recursive SHP DALFs, we present a structure of 2-D recursive digital allpass filters by using 2-D SHP recursive digital all-pass lattice filters (DALFs). The novelty of using 2-D SHP recursive DALFs to construct a 2-D recursive QQMF bank is that the resulting 2-D recursive QQMF bank provides better performance than the existing 2-D recursive QQMF banks. Simulation results are also presented for illustration and comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-pass%20digital%20filter" title="all-pass digital filter">all-pass digital filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20structure" title=" lattice structure"> lattice structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quincunx%20QMF%20bank" title=" quincunx QMF bank"> quincunx QMF bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20half-plane%20digital%20filter" title=" symmetric half-plane digital filter"> symmetric half-plane digital filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58323/design-of-two-channel-quincunx-quadrature-mirror-filter-banks-using-digital-all-pass-lattice-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Comparative Analysis: Modulation Formats and Channel Spacings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fayad">A. Fayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Alqhazaly"> Q. Alqhazaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Cinkler"> T. Cinkler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In light of the substantial increase in end-user requirements and the incessant need of network operators to upgrade the capabilities of access networks, in this paper, the performance of the different modulation formats on eight-channels Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) transmission system has been examined and compared. Limitations and features of modulation formats have been determined to outline the most suitable design to enhance the data rate and transmission reach to obtain the best performance of the network. The considered modulation formats are On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ-OOK), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ), Duo Binary (DB), Modified Duo Binary (MODB), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). The performance has been analyzed by varying transmission distances and bit rates under different channel spacing. Furthermore, the system is evaluated in terms of minimum Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality factor (Qf) without applying any dispersion compensation technique, or any optical amplifier. Optisystem software was used for simulation purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title="BER">BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DuoBinary" title=" DuoBinary"> DuoBinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NRZ-OOK" title=" NRZ-OOK"> NRZ-OOK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TWDM-PON" title=" TWDM-PON"> TWDM-PON</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136771/time-and-wavelength-division-multiplexing-passive-optical-network-comparative-analysis-modulation-formats-and-channel-spacings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Numerical Evolution Methods of Rational Form for Diffusion Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Algarni">Said Algarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to investigate selected numerical methods that demonstrate good performance in solving PDEs. We adapted alternative method that involve rational polynomials. Padé time stepping (PTS) method, which is highly stable for the purposes of the present application and is associated with lower computational costs, was applied. Furthermore, PTS was modified for our study which focused on diffusion equations. Numerical runs were conducted to obtain the optimal local error control threshold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pad%C3%A9%20time%20stepping" title="Padé time stepping">Padé time stepping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference" title=" finite difference"> finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20diffusion%20equation" title=" reaction diffusion equation"> reaction diffusion equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDEs" title=" PDEs"> PDEs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7176/numerical-evolution-methods-of-rational-form-for-diffusion-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> An Evaluation of Rational Approach to Management by Objectives in Construction Contracting Organisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakir%20H.%20Shaik">Zakir H. Shaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punam%20L.%20Vartak"> Punam L. Vartak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Management By Objectives (MBO) is a management technique in which objectives of an organisation are conveyed to the employees to establish the individual goals. These objectives and goals are then monitored and assessed jointly by management and the employee time to time. This tool can be used for planning, monitoring as well as for performance appraisal. The success of an organisation is largely dependent on its’s Vision. Thus, it is of paramount importance to achieve the realm of vision through a mission which is well crafted within the organisation to address the objectives. The success of the mission depends upon how realistic and action oriented philosophical approach, an organisation caters to; and how the individual goals are set to track and meet the objectives. Thus, focused and passionate efforts of the team, assigned for the mission, are an absolute obligation for achieving the vision of any organisation. Any construction site is generally a controlled disorder having huge investments, resources and logistics involved. The Construction progression is time-consuming with many isolated as well as interconnected activities. Traditional MBO approach can be unsuccessful if planning and control is non-realistic and inflexible. Moreover, the Construction Industry is far behind understanding these concepts. It is important to address the employee engagement in defining and creating awareness to achieve the targets. Besides, current economic environment and competitive world demands refined management tools to achieve profit, growth and survival of the business. Therefore, the necessity of rational MBO becomes vital part towards the success of an organisation. This paper details about the philosophical assumptions to develop the grounded theory in lieu of achieving objectives through RATIONAL MBO approach in Construction Contracting Organisations. The goals and objectives of the Construction Contracting Organisations can be achieved efficiently by adopting this RATIONAL MBO approach, as those are based on realistic, logical and balanced assumptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title="growth">growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20by%20objectives" title=" management by objectives"> management by objectives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Management%20By%20Objectives%20%28MBO%29" title=" Management By Objectives (MBO)"> Management By Objectives (MBO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit" title=" profit"> profit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational" title=" rational"> rational</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92775/an-evaluation-of-rational-approach-to-management-by-objectives-in-construction-contracting-organisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20quadrature&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20quadrature&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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