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Toggle History, 1789–1909 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History,_1789–1909-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Washington's_bow_window" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington's_bow_window"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Washington's bow window </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington's_bow_window-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 White House </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 West Wing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taft_Oval_Office:_1909–1933" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taft_Oval_Office:_1909–1933"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Taft Oval Office: 1909–1933 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taft_Oval_Office:_1909–1933-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Modern Oval Office: 1934–present </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Modern Oval Office: 1934–present subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Decoration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Desks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Desks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Artwork </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Paintings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redecoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redecoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Redecoration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redecoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alterations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alterations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Alterations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alterations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Dimensions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oval Office</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" > 42 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="المكتب البيضاوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المكتب البيضاوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_kabinet" title="Oval kabinet – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oval kabinet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Авальны кабінет – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авальны кабінет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Овален кабинет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Овален кабинет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oval Office" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despatx_Oval" title="Despatx Oval – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Despatx Oval" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ov%C3%A1ln%C3%A1_pracovna" title="Oválná pracovna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oválná pracovna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_ovale_kontor" title="Det ovale kontor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det ovale kontor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oval Office" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_Oval" title="Oficina Oval – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oficina Oval" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovala_Oficejo" title="Ovala Oficejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ovala Oficejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulego_obala" title="Bulego obala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bulego obala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="دفتر بیضی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دفتر بیضی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_ovale" title="Bureau ovale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bureau ovale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oifig_Ubhchruthach_na_St%C3%A1t_Aontaithe" title="Oifig Ubhchruthach na Stát Aontaithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oifig Ubhchruthach na Stát Aontaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%B2%8C_%EC%98%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="오벌 오피스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오벌 오피스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B1%D6%87_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Օվալաձև աշխատասենյակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օվալաձև աշխատասենյակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantor_Oval" title="Kantor Oval – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kantor Oval" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_Ovale" title="Studio Ovale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Studio Ovale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C" title="החדר הסגלגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="החדר הסגלגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancellaria_Oblonga" title="Cancellaria Oblonga – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cancellaria Oblonga" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ov%C3%A1lis_Iroda" title="Ovális Iroda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ovális Iroda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pejabat_Bujur" title="Pejabat Bujur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pejabat Bujur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oval Office" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_ovale_kontor" title="Det ovale kontor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det ovale kontor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_ovale_kontoret" title="Det ovale kontoret – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det ovale kontoret" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B3" title="اوول آفس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوول آفس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabinet_Owalny" title="Gabinet Owalny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gabinet Owalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%C3%A3o_Oval" title="Salão Oval – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salão Oval" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biroul_Oval" title="Biroul Oval – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biroul Oval" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Овальный кабинет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Овальный кабинет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oval Office" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نووسینگەی ھێلکەیی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نووسینگەی ھێلکەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Овална соба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Овална соба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oval Office" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovala_rummet" title="Ovala rummet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ovala rummet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நீள்வட்ட அலுவலகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீள்வட்ட அலுவலகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88" title="ห้องทำงานรูปไข่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ห้องทำงานรูปไข่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Ofis" title="Oval Ofis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oval Ofis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Овальний кабінет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Овальний кабінет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B2ng_B%E1%BA%A7u_d%E1%BB%A5c" title="Phòng Bầu dục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phòng Bầu dục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oval_Office&params=38.8974_N_77.0374_W_region:US-DC_type:landmark">38°53′51″N 77°02′15″W / 38.8974°N 77.0374°W / 38.8974; -77.0374</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Office of the President of the United States in the White House</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:006-P20210120AS-6280_(51144256872).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/006-P20210120AS-6280_%2851144256872%29.jpg/250px-006-P20210120AS-6280_%2851144256872%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/006-P20210120AS-6280_%2851144256872%29.jpg/375px-006-P20210120AS-6280_%2851144256872%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/006-P20210120AS-6280_%2851144256872%29.jpg/500px-006-P20210120AS-6280_%2851144256872%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on the night of his inauguration, 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20210412AS-0908_(51224728613).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/P20210412AS-0908_%2851224728613%29.jpg/250px-P20210412AS-0908_%2851224728613%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/P20210412AS-0908_%2851224728613%29.jpg/375px-P20210412AS-0908_%2851224728613%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/P20210412AS-0908_%2851224728613%29.jpg/500px-P20210412AS-0908_%2851224728613%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>President Joe Biden and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in the Oval Office, 2021</figcaption></figure> The Oval Office is the formal <a href="/wiki/Office" title="Office">working space</a> of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a>, it is in the <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> The oval room has three large <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a>-facing windows, in front of which the president's desk traditionally stands, and a fireplace at the north end. Two built-in bookcases are recessed in the western wall. There are four doors: the east door opens to the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a>; the west door leads to a <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Study" title="Oval Office Study">private study</a> and dining room; the northwest door opens onto the main corridor of the West Wing; and the northeast door opens to the office of the president's secretary. The room takes inspiration from the bow oval rooms in the main residence of the White House. The west wing oval office was created when the wing was expanded in the early 1900s, a few years after the wing was built. Presidents generally decorate the office to suit their own personal tastes, choosing furniture and drapery and often commissioning oval carpets. Artwork is selected from the White House collection, or borrowed from museums for the president's term. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_history">Cultural history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cultural history">edit</a>]</div> The Oval Office has become associated in Americans' minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy, Jr.">John F. Kennedy, Jr.</a> peering through the front panel of his father's desk, President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> speaking by telephone with the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> astronauts during their moonwalk, and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy Carter</a> bringing her <a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese cat</a> Misty Malarky Ying Yang to brighten her father President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s day. Several presidents have <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Oval Office address">addressed the nation</a> from the Oval Office on occasion. Examples include Kennedy presenting news of the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> (1962), Nixon <a href="/wiki/SP_3-125:_Richard_Nixon%27s_address_announcing_his_intention_to_resign_the_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="SP 3-125: Richard Nixon's address announcing his intention to resign the presidency">announcing his resignation from office</a> (1974),<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_Disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a> (1986),<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> (2001).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History,_1789–1909">History, 1789–1909</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History, 1789–1909">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg/200px-PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg/300px-PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg/400px-PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="President's House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">President's House</a>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. George Washington's bow window (not depicted) is echoed in the shape of the Oval Office.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington's_bow_window">Washington's bow window</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Washington's bow window">edit</a>]</div> The White House was not ready for occupancy until 1800. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> never occupied the White House. He spent most of his presidency in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, which served as the temporary national capital for 10 years, from 1790 to 1800, while <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, a new city, was under construction. In 1790, Washington built a large, two-story, semi-circular addition to the rear of the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="President's House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">President's House in Philadelphia</a>, creating a ceremonial space in which the public would meet the president.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Standing before the three windows of this <a href="/wiki/Bow_window" title="Bow window">bow window</a>, he formally received guests for his Tuesday afternoon <a href="/wiki/Audience_(meeting)" title="Audience (meeting)">audiences</a>, delegations from Congress and foreign dignitaries, and the general public at open houses on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_of_July" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth of July">Fourth of July</a>, and his birthday. <blockquote>Washington received his guests, standing between the windows in his back drawing-room. The company, entering a front room and passing through an unfolding door, made their salutations to the President, and turning off, stood on one side.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></blockquote> President <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> occupied the Philadelphia mansion from March 1797, and used the bow window in the same manner as had his predecessor.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Curved foundations of Washington's bow window were uncovered during archaeological excavation of the site of the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="President's House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">President's House</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> They are exhibited under glass at the President's House Commemoration, next to the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Bell Center">Liberty Bell Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_House">White House</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: White House">edit</a>]</div> Architect <a href="/wiki/James_Hoban" title="James Hoban">James Hoban</a> visited President Washington in Philadelphia in June 1792, and probably saw the bow window.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The next month, Hoban won the design competition for the White House. The elliptic salon at the center of the White House was the outstanding feature of Hoban's original plan. Oval rooms became common in <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical architecture</a> early in the 19th century. In November 1800, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> became the first president to occupy the White House. He and his successor, President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, used Hoban's oval rooms as Washington had used his bow window salon, standing before the three windows at the south end to receive guests.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In the 19th century, some presidents used the White House's second-floor <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Oval_Room_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Oval Room (White House)">Yellow Oval Room</a> as their private offices and libraries. This cultural association, between the president and an oval room, was more fully expressed in the Taft Oval Office (1909) in the West Wing. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:WH2Yellow.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Yellow Oval Room on the second floor of the White House. A number of presidents used this as their private office or library."><img alt="Location of the Yellow Oval Room on the second floor of the White House. A number of presidents used this as their private office or library." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WH2Yellow.png/120px-WH2Yellow.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WH2Yellow.png/180px-WH2Yellow.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WH2Yellow.png/240px-WH2Yellow.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="361" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Location of the Yellow Oval Room on the second floor of the White House. A number of presidents used this as their private office or library.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Yellow Oval Room about 1868 used as President Andrew Johnson's private office"><img alt="The Yellow Oval Room about 1868 used as President Andrew Johnson's private office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg/120px-Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg/180px-Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg/240px-Yellow-oval-room-c1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="299" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Yellow Oval Room about 1868 used as President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>'s private office</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Yellow Oval Room as President Grover Cleveland's private office, 1886. The Resolute desk stands before the windows."><img alt="The Yellow Oval Room as President Grover Cleveland's private office, 1886. The Resolute desk stands before the windows." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg/120px-Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg/180px-Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg/240px-Yellow_Oval_Room_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5308" data-file-height="4551" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Yellow Oval Room as President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>'s private office, 1886. The <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Resolute Desk">Resolute desk</a> stands before the windows.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_presents_regatta_cup.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="The Yellow Oval Room as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's private office, 1933"><img alt="The Yellow Oval Room as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's private office, 1933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/President_presents_regatta_cup.tif/lossy-page1-120px-President_presents_regatta_cup.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/President_presents_regatta_cup.tif/lossy-page1-180px-President_presents_regatta_cup.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/President_presents_regatta_cup.tif/lossy-page1-240px-President_presents_regatta_cup.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10008" data-file-height="7752" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Yellow Oval Room as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's private office, 1933</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Wing">West Wing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: West Wing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg/220px-The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg/330px-The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg/440px-The_President%27s_office_by_Detroit_Photographic_Company.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6160" data-file-height="4973" /></a><figcaption>Theodore Roosevelt Executive Office and Cabinet Room, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1904</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a> was the idea of President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, brought about by his wife's opinion that the second floor of the White House, then shared between bedrooms and offices, should be solely a domestic space. Completed in 1902, the one-story Executive Office Building was intended to be a temporary structure, for use until a permanent building was erected there or elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Sitting the building west of the White House allowed the removal of a vast, dilapidated set of pre–<a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> greenhouses, which had been erected by President <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Roosevelt moved the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> into the newly constructed wing in 1902. His workspace was a two-room suite of Executive Office and Cabinet Room, occupying the eastern third of the building. Its furniture, including the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">president's desk</a>, was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Charles_Follen_McKim" title="Charles Follen McKim">Charles Follen McKim</a>, and executed by <a href="/wiki/A._H._Davenport_and_Company" title="A. H. Davenport and Company">A. H. Davenport and Company</a>, both of Boston.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Now much altered, the 1902 Executive Office survives as the Roosevelt Room, a windowless interior meeting room situated diagonally from the Oval Office. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taft_Oval_Office:_1909–1933">Taft Oval Office: 1909–1933</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taft Oval Office: 1909–1933">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House,_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/White_House%2C_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg/220px-White_House%2C_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/White_House%2C_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg/330px-White_House%2C_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/White_House%2C_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg/440px-White_House%2C_President%27s_Office_LOC14832v_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption>Taft Oval Office, completed 1909. Nearly identical in size to the modern office, it was damaged by fire in 1929 and demolished in 1933.</figcaption></figure> President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> made the West Wing a permanent building, doubling its size by expanding it southward, and building the first Oval Office.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_C._Wyeth" title="Nathan C. Wyeth">Nathan C. Wyeth</a> and completed in 1909, the office was centered on the building's south facade, much as the oval rooms in the White House are. Taft wanted to be more involved with the day-to-day operation of his presidency, and intended the office to be the hub of his administration. The Taft Oval Office had ample natural light from its three windows and skylight. It featured a white marble mantel, simple Georgian Revival woodwork, and twin glass-doored bookcases. It also was likely the most colorful presidential office in history; its walls were covered with vibrant seagrass green burlap.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> On December 24, 1929, during the first year of President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>'s administration, a fire severely damaged the West Wing. Hoover used this as an opportunity to create additional space, excavating a partial basement for staff offices. He restored the Oval Office, upgrading the quality of trim and installing air conditioning. He also replaced the furniture, which had undergone no major changes in twenty years. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of the West Wing (c. 1910s), showing the curve of the Taft Oval Office"><img alt="Exterior of the West Wing (c. 1910s), showing the curve of the Taft Oval Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg/120px-West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg/180px-West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg/240px-West_Wing_between_1910_and_1920_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8565" data-file-height="6214" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of the West Wing (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1910s), showing the curve of the Taft Oval Office</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Hoover views West Wing fire ruins, January 15, 1930"><img alt="President Hoover views West Wing fire ruins, January 15, 1930" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg/120px-President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg/180px-President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg/240px-President_Hoover_views_West_Wing_fire_ruins_15_January_1930_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9174" data-file-height="7308" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">President Hoover views West Wing fire ruins, January 15, 1930</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:West-wing-1934-construction.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="West Wing expansion, 1934"><img alt="West Wing expansion, 1934" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/West-wing-1934-construction.jpg/120px-West-wing-1934-construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/West-wing-1934-construction.jpg/180px-West-wing-1934-construction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/West-wing-1934-construction.jpg/240px-West-wing-1934-construction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="445" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">West Wing expansion, 1934</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of the Oval Office from the South Lawn, July 15, 2006"><img alt="Exterior of the Oval Office from the South Lawn, July 15, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg/120px-Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg/180px-Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg/240px-Oval_Office_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of the Oval Office from the South Lawn, July 15, 2006</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Oval_Office:_1934–present">Modern Oval Office: 1934–present</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern Oval Office: 1934–present">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png/230px-White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png/345px-White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png/460px-White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png 2x" data-file-width="1474" data-file-height="873" /></a><figcaption>Location of the Oval Office in the <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg/230px-President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg/345px-President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg/460px-President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8715" data-file-height="6972" /></a><figcaption>Franklin D. Roosevelt in the newly completed Modern Oval Office, December 31, 1934</figcaption></figure> Dissatisfied with the size and layout of the West Wing, President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> engaged New York architect <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gugler" title="Eric Gugler">Eric Gugler</a> to redesign it in 1933. To create additional staff space without increasing the apparent size of the building, Gugler excavated a full basement, added a set of subterranean offices under the adjacent lawn, and built an unobtrusive penthouse storey. The directive to wring the most office space out of the existing building was responsible for its narrow corridors and cramped staff offices. Gugler's most visible addition was the expansion of the building eastward for a new Cabinet Room and Oval Office.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The modern Oval Office was built at the West Wing's southeast corner, offering Roosevelt, who was physically disabled and used a <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair</a>, more privacy and easier access to the Residence. He and Gugler devised a room architecturally grander than the previous two offices, with more robust Georgian details: doors topped with substantial pediments, bookcases set into niches, a deep bracketed cornice, and a ceiling medallion of the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the President of the United States">Presidential Seal</a>. Rather than a chandelier or ceiling fixture, the room is illuminated by light bulbs hidden within the cornice that wash the ceiling in light.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In small ways, hints of <a href="/wiki/Art_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Moderne">Art Moderne</a> can be seen, in the sconces flanking the windows and the representation of the eagle in the ceiling medallion. Roosevelt and Gugler worked closely together, often over breakfast, with Gugler sketching the president's ideas. One notion resulting from these sketches that has become fixed in the layout of the room's furniture is that of two high back chairs in front of the fireplace. The public sees this most often with the president seated on the left and a visiting head of state on the right. This allowed Roosevelt to be seated, with his guests at the same level, de-emphasizing his inability to stand without help. Construction of the modern Oval Office was completed in 1934. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoration">Decoration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decoration">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OvalMedallion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/OvalMedallion.jpg/175px-OvalMedallion.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/OvalMedallion.jpg/263px-OvalMedallion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/OvalMedallion.jpg/350px-OvalMedallion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Plaster ceiling medallion installed in 1934 includes elements of the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Seal of the president of the United States">seal of the president of the United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> The basic Oval Office furnishings have been a desk in front of the three windows at the south end, a pair of chairs in front of the fireplace at the north end, a pair of sofas, and assorted tables and chairs. The <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> mantel was made for the Taft Oval Office in 1909 and salvaged after the 1929 West Wing fire.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> A tradition of displaying potted Swedish ivy (<a href="/wiki/Plectranthus_verticillatus" title="Plectranthus verticillatus">Plectranthus verticillatus</a>) atop the <a href="/wiki/Fireplace_mantel" title="Fireplace mantel">mantel</a> goes back to the administration of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, and the current plants were rooted from the original plant. A <a href="/wiki/Federal_furniture" title="Federal furniture">Federal</a> longcase clock, made in Boston by John and Thomas Seymour c. 1795–1805 – commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_grandfather_clock" title="Oval Office grandfather clock">Oval Office grandfather clock</a> – was purchased by the White House Historical Association in 1972, and has stood next to the Oval Office's northeast door since 1975.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> replaced the Oval Office's 23-year-old dark green carpet in 1947. He had revised the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Seal of the president of the United States">seal of the president of the United States</a> after World War II, and his blue-gray carpet incorporated the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_9646" class="extiw" title="s:Executive Order 9646">1945 revised Seal</a>, represented monochromatically through varying depths of its cut pile. The Truman carpet remained in the office through the <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> and John F. Kennedy administrations. Jacqueline Kennedy's redecoration of the Oval Office began on November 21, 1963, while she and President Kennedy were away on a trip to Texas. The following day, November 22, a red carpet was installed, just as the Kennedys were making their way through Dallas, where the president was assassinated.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Johnson had the red carpet removed and the Truman carpet reinstalled, and used the latter for his administration. Since Johnson, most administrations have created their own oval carpet, working with an interior designer and the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Curator" title="White House Office of the Curator">Curator of the White House</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Desks">Desks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Desks">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oval_Office_desks" title="List of Oval Office desks">List of Oval Office desks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg/220px-Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg/330px-Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg/440px-Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kerry Kennedy</a> beneath the <a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk">Resolute desk</a> in 1963. Note the Truman carpet.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oval_Office_desks" title="List of Oval Office desks">Six desks</a> have been used in the Oval Office by U.S. presidents since its construction in 1909.<a href="#cite_note-YAHOO-21">[21]</a> The desk usually sits in front of the south wall of the Oval Office, which is composed of three large windows.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Some presidents only use the desk in this room for ceremonial purposes, such as photo opportunities and press announcements, while others use it as their main workspace.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings-23">[23]</a> The first desk used in the Oval Office was the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">Theodore Roosevelt desk</a>, and the desk currently in use by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk">Resolute desk</a>. Of the six desks used in the Oval Office, the Resolute desk has spent the longest time there, having been used by eight presidents in the room. The Resolute has been used by all U.S. presidents since 1977 with the exception of <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, who used the <a href="/wiki/C%26O_desk" title="C&O desk">C&O desk</a> for his one term, making it the shortest-serving desk to date. Other past presidents have used the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_desk" title="Hoover desk">Hoover desk</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Johnson_desk" title="Johnson desk">Johnson desk</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Wilson_desk" title="Wilson desk">Wilson desk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YAHOO-21">[21]</a> The Resolute desk, the current desk in use, is built from <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> timbers that were once part of the ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS Resolute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-treasures-24">[24]</a> The British Resolute was trapped in Arctic ice in 1854 and abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-Christie's-25">[25]</a> The ship was discovered in 1855 by an American <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaling ship</a> and later underwent a complete refit, repaint, and restock paid for by the United States Government. It was returned to England in 1856 and decommissioned in 1879.<a href="#cite_note-Christie's-25">[25]</a> The same year the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">British Admiralty</a> launched a competition to design a piece of furniture made from the timbers of the Resolute which Queen Victoria could gift to the American president.<a href="#cite_note-Builder-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-secretaire-27">[27]</a> Following a design competition, Queen Victoria ordered that three desks be made from the timbers of Resolute. The one that is now known as the Resolute desk was designed by Morant, Boyd, & Blanford, built by William Evenden at <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Dockyard" title="Chatham Dockyard">Chatham Dockyard</a>, and announced as "recently manufactured" on November 18, 1880.<a href="#cite_note-Christie's-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Parliament-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The desk was delivered as a gift to President <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> in 1880.<a href="#cite_note-Decorative-30">[30]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> requested that a panel be installed in the kneehole during his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-treasures-24">[24]</a> The desk was used in various areas of the White House until <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline Kennedy">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> had it moved to the Oval Office in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-treasures-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biography-31">[31]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">1963 assassination of President Kennedy</a>, the Resolute desk was transferred, on loan, to the Smithsonian Institution and went on tour around the country to help raise funds for the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-treasures-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historic-32">[32]</a> After this tour, the desk was put on view at the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> beginning in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-treasures-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Historic-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> returned the Resolute desk to the Oval Office in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-treasures-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artwork">Artwork</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Artwork">edit</a>]</div> Artworks are selected from the White House collection or may be borrowed from museums or individuals for the length of an administration. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg/220px-Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg/440px-Photograph_of_President_Truman_receiving_a_marble_bust_of_Simon_Bolivar_from_a_Venezuelan_delegation_in_the_Oval..._-_NARA_-_199531.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2421" /></a><figcaption>President Harry Truman receiving a marble bust of Simon Bolivar from a Venezuelan delegation, December 27, 1946</figcaption></figure> Most presidents have hung a portrait of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> – usually the <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Peale" title="Rembrandt Peale">Rembrandt Peale</a> Porthole portrait or the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a> three-quarter-length portrait – over the mantel at the north end of the room. A portrait of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a> hung in the offices of Lyndon B. Johnson, Ronald Reagan, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and Bill Clinton. A portrait of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> by George Henry Story hung in George W. Bush's office, continued in Barack Obama's and currently hangs in Joe Biden's. Three landscapes and cityscapes – <a href="/wiki/City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard" title="City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard">City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Cooke_(painter)" title="George Cooke (painter)">George Cooke</a>, Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly, and The President's House, a copy after <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bartlett" title="William Henry Bartlett">William Henry Bartlett</a> – have adorned the walls in multiple administrations. Passing the Outpost (1881) by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wordsworth_Thompson" title="Alfred Wordsworth Thompson">Alfred Wordsworth Thompson</a>, a Revolutionary War genre scene of a carriage stopped at a British <a href="/wiki/Security_checkpoint" title="Security checkpoint">checkpoint</a>, hung in Gerald Ford's office, and in Jimmy Carter's and Ronald Reagan's.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Avenue_in_the_Rain" title="The Avenue in the Rain">The Avenue in the Rain</a> by <a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Working_on_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Working on the Statue of Liberty">Working on the Statue of Liberty</a> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a> flanked the Resolute desk in Bill Clinton's office and did the same in Barack Obama's. Avenue in the Rain currently hangs beside the Resolute desk in Joe Biden's office. Statuettes, busts, heads, and figurines are frequently displayed in the Oval Office. Abraham Lincoln has been the most common subject, in works by sculptors <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum" title="Gutzon Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Alexander_Weinman" title="Adolph Alexander Weinman">Adolph Alexander Weinman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Cherne" title="Leo Cherne">Leo Cherne</a> and others. Over time, traditional busts of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, or Benjamin Franklin have given way to heads of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman or Dwight Eisenhower. Western bronzes by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Remington" title="Frederic Remington">Frederic Remington</a> have been frequent choices: Lyndon Johnson displayed <a href="/wiki/The_Bronco_Buster" title="The Bronco Buster">The Bronco Buster</a>, as did <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. Presidents Reagan and George H.W. Bush added its companion piece, <a href="/wiki/The_Rattlesnake_(Remington)" title="The Rattlesnake (Remington)">The Rattlesnake</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paintings">Paintings</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Paintings">edit</a>]</div> According to The New York Times, an estimated 43 paintings and one photograph have decorated the walls of the Oval Office since 1961.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first president to occupy the Modern Oval Office, and placed Rembrandt Peale's George Washington over the mantel. Assorted prints of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> hung on the walls. President Harry S. Truman displayed works related to his home state of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, prints of <a href="/wiki/Biplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biplanes">biplanes</a> and sailing ships, and models of jet airplanes. A series of paintings held pride of place over the mantel, including Rembrandt Peale's George Washington, <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Woodbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H. Woodbury">Charles H. Woodbury</a>'s Woodrow Wilson,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Cadena" title="Luis Cadena">Luis Cadena</a>'s George Washington (the gift of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>),<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and a copy of <a href="/wiki/Tito_Salas" title="Tito Salas">Tito Salas</a>'s Equestrian Portrait of Simon Bolivar (the gift of Venezuela).<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> A large photograph of the White House portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt, under whom Truman had served as vice president and who died in office in 1945, hung beside the mantel and later beside his desk. He also displayed the painting <a href="/wiki/Fired_On" title="Fired On">Fired On</a> by Western artist Frederic Remington. President Dwight D. Eisenhower filled the office walls with landscape paintings, as well as a portrait of <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama_with_Oval_Office_art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>President Barack Obama with Oval Office artwork, September 28, 2012</figcaption></figure> President John F. Kennedy surrounded himself with paintings of naval battles from the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, photographs of sailboats, and ship models. President Lyndon Johnson installed sconces on either side of the mantel, and added the office's first painting by a woman artist, Franklin D. Roosevelt by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Shoumatoff" title="Elizabeth Shoumatoff">Elizabeth Shoumatoff</a>. President Richard Nixon tried three different portraits of George Washington over the mantel, and hung a copy of <a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a> – a photograph of the Earth taken from the Moon's orbit during the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a> mission – beside his desk. President Gerald Ford hung historic paintings, possibly in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">1976 Bicentennial</a>. Most of these works remained in place through the administrations of Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> President George H. W. Bush hung landscape paintings on the walls, along with three portraits: Rembrandt Peale's George Washington, Charles Willson Peale's Benjamin Henry Latrobe, and Thomas Sully's Andrew Jackson. President Bill Clinton chose the Childe Hassam and Norman Rockwell paintings mentioned above, along with <a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_the_Hour" title="Waiting for the Hour">Waiting for the Hour</a> by William T. Carlton,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> a genre scene depicting African-Americans gathered in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> going into effect on January 1, 1863. President George W. Bush mixed traditional works with paintings by Texas artists and Western sculptures. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, British <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Prime Minister Tony Blair</a> lent him a <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Winston_Churchill_(Epstein)" title="Bust of Winston Churchill (Epstein)">bust of Winston Churchill</a>, who had guided the United Kingdom through World War II. President Barack Obama honored Abraham Lincoln with the portrait by Story, a bust by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and a copy of the Emancipation Proclamation. Below the proclamation was a <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Alston)" title="Bust of Martin Luther King Jr. (Alston)">bust of Martin Luther King Jr.</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alston" title="Charles Alston">Charles Alston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Jet1-40">[40]</a> and in the nearby bookcase was displayed a program from the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington">August 28, 1963, March on Washington</a>, at which King gave his <a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">"I Have a Dream" speech</a>. President Donald Trump hung mostly portraits on the office walls: Rembrandt Peale's George Washington, George H. Story's Abraham Lincoln, Asher B. Durand's Andrew Jackson, George P. A. Healy's Thomas Jefferson, John Trumbull's Alexander Hamilton, Joseph-Siffred Duplessis's Benjamin Franklin.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> He later substituted in other portraits: Rembrandt Peale's Thomas Jefferson and Ralph E. W. Earl's Andrew Jackson.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> President Joe Biden's Oval Office features a cluster of five portraits at its north end, with Frank O. Salisbury's Franklin D. Roosevelt given pride of place over the mantel.<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 978px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Washington (1776) by Charles Willson Peale"><img alt="George Washington (1776) by Charles Willson Peale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg/99px-George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg/148px-George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg/197px-George_Washington_by_Peale_1776FXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">George Washington (1776) by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_by_Peale,_1823.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Washington (c.1823) by Rembrandt Peale"><img alt="George Washington (c.1823) by Rembrandt Peale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/George_Washington_by_Peale%2C_1823.jpg/97px-George_Washington_by_Peale%2C_1823.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/George_Washington_by_Peale%2C_1823.jpg/146px-George_Washington_by_Peale%2C_1823.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/George_Washington_by_Peale%2C_1823.jpg/195px-George_Washington_by_Peale%2C_1823.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">George Washington (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1823) by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Peale" title="Rembrandt Peale">Rembrandt Peale</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke,_1833.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard (1833) by George Cooke"><img alt="City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard (1833) by George Cooke" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke%2C_1833.jpg/120px-City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke%2C_1833.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke%2C_1833.jpg/180px-City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke%2C_1833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke%2C_1833.jpg/240px-City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard_by_George_Cooke%2C_1833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2170" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard" title="City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard">City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard</a> (1833) by <a href="/wiki/George_Cooke_(painter)" title="George Cooke (painter)">George Cooke</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay (c.1840) by Victor De Grailly"><img alt="Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay (c.1840) by Victor De Grailly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg/120px-Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg/180px-Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg/240px-Victor_DeGrailly-Passamaquoddy_Bay_Maine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="752" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1840) by Victor De Grailly</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Sully,_Andrew_Jackson,_1845,_NGA_1128.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrew Jackson (1845) by Thomas Sully"><img alt="Andrew Jackson (1845) by Thomas Sully" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Thomas_Sully%2C_Andrew_Jackson%2C_1845%2C_NGA_1128.jpg/101px-Thomas_Sully%2C_Andrew_Jackson%2C_1845%2C_NGA_1128.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Thomas_Sully%2C_Andrew_Jackson%2C_1845%2C_NGA_1128.jpg/151px-Thomas_Sully%2C_Andrew_Jackson%2C_1845%2C_NGA_1128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Thomas_Sully%2C_Andrew_Jackson%2C_1845%2C_NGA_1128.jpg/201px-Thomas_Sully%2C_Andrew_Jackson%2C_1845%2C_NGA_1128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Andrew Jackson (1845) by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waiting for the Hour (1863) by William Tolman Carlton"><img alt="Waiting for the Hour (1863) by William Tolman Carlton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg/120px-Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg/180px-Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg/240px-Carlton-Waiting-For-the-Hour-1863-White-House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="838" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_the_Hour" title="Waiting for the Hour">Waiting for the Hour</a> (1863) by William Tolman Carlton</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thompson-Outpost.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Passing the Outpost (1881) by Alfred Wordsworth Thompson"><img alt="Passing the Outpost (1881) by Alfred Wordsworth Thompson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Thompson-Outpost.jpg/120px-Thompson-Outpost.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Thompson-Outpost.jpg/180px-Thompson-Outpost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Thompson-Outpost.jpg/240px-Thompson-Outpost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="496" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Passing the Outpost (1881) by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wordsworth_Thompson" title="Alfred Wordsworth Thompson">Alfred Wordsworth Thompson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Broncho Buster (1895) by Frederic Remington"><img alt="The Broncho Buster (1895) by Frederic Remington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg/91px-The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg/137px-The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg/182px-The_Broncho_Buster_MET_DP361132.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="3884" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Broncho_Buster" class="mw-redirect" title="The Broncho Buster">The Broncho Buster</a> (1895) by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Remington" title="Frederic Remington">Frederic Remington</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abraham Lincoln (c.1915) by George Story"><img alt="Abraham Lincoln (c.1915) by George Story" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg/99px-Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg/149px-Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg/199px-Lincoln_by_George_H_Story_c1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abraham Lincoln (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1915) by George Story</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Avenue in the Rain (1917) by Childe Hassam"><img alt="The Avenue in the Rain (1917) by Childe Hassam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg/63px-The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg" decoding="async" width="63" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg/95px-The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg/126px-The_Avenue_in_the_Rain_Frederick_Childe_Hassam_1917.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1581" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Avenue_in_the_Rain" title="The Avenue in the Rain">The Avenue in the Rain</a> (1917) by <a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Froosevelt.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt (1935) by Frank O. Salisbury"><img alt="Franklin D. Roosevelt (1935) by Frank O. Salisbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Froosevelt.jpeg/96px-Froosevelt.jpeg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Froosevelt.jpeg/145px-Froosevelt.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Froosevelt.jpeg/193px-Froosevelt.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2414" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Franklin D. Roosevelt (1935) by <a href="/wiki/Frank_O._Salisbury" title="Frank O. Salisbury">Frank O. Salisbury</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Earthrise (1968) by William Anders"><img alt="Earthrise (1968) by William Anders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/120px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/180px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg/240px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a> (1968) by <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redecoration">Redecoration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Redecoration">edit</a>]</div> A tradition evolved in the latter part of the twentieth century of each new administration redecorating the office to the president's liking. A new administration usually selects an oval <a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">carpet</a>, new <a href="/wiki/Drapery" title="Drapery">drapery</a>, the paintings on the walls, and some furniture. Most incoming presidents continue using the rug of their predecessor until their new one is installed. The retired carpet very often is then moved to storage. The redecoration of the Oval Office is usually coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">first lady's</a> office in the <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a>, working with an interior designer and the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Curator" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Curator">White House curator</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alterations">Alterations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Alterations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OvalFloor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/OvalFloor.jpg/220px-OvalFloor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/OvalFloor.jpg/330px-OvalFloor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/OvalFloor.jpg/440px-OvalFloor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1099" /></a><figcaption>The Oval Office floor has been replaced several times, most recently during the administration of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. The 2005 installation, based on the original 1933 design by Eric Gugler, features a contrasting cross pattern of <a href="/wiki/Quarter_sawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter sawn">quarter sawn</a> oak and walnut.</figcaption></figure> Since the present Oval Office's construction in 1934 during the administration of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> the room has remained mostly unchanged architecturally.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] More than any president, Roosevelt left an impression on the room and its use. Doors and window frames have been modified slightly.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A screen door on the east wall was removed after the installation of air conditioning. President Lyndon B. Johnson's row of wire service Teletype machines on the southeast wall required cutting plaster and flooring to accommodate wiring.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Georgian style plaster ornament has been cleaned to remove accumulated paint, and a series of electrified wall <a href="/wiki/Sconce_(light_fixture)" title="Sconce (light fixture)">sconces</a> have come and gone.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Though some presidents have chosen to do day-to-day work in a smaller study just west of the Oval Office, most use the actual Oval Office for work and meetings. Traffic from the large numbers of staff, visitors, and pets over time takes its toll. There have been four sets of flooring in the Oval Office. The original floor was made of <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> installed over softwood; however, President Eisenhower was an avid <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golfer</a> and damaged the floor with his golf spikes. Johnson had the floor replaced in the mid-1960s with wood-grain <a href="/wiki/Linoleum" title="Linoleum">linoleum</a>. In 1982, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> had the floor replaced with <a href="/wiki/Quarter_sawing" title="Quarter sawing">quarter sawn</a> oak and walnut, in a cross parquet pattern similar in design to a 1933 Eric Gugler sketch, which had never been executed. In August 2005, the floor was replaced again under President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, in exactly the same pattern as the Reagan floor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conservation">edit</a>]</div> In the late 1980s, a comprehensive assessment of the entire house, including the Oval Office, was made as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Buildings Survey">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS).<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Detailed photographs and measured drawings were made documenting the interior and exterior and showing even slight imperfections. A checklist of materials and methods was generated for future conservation and restoration. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimensions">Dimensions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dimensions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dimensions</th> <th>US</th> <th>SI </th></tr> <tr> <td>Major axis (north-south)</td> <td>35 ft 10 in</td> <td>10.9 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minor axis (east-west)</td> <td>29 ft</td> <td>8.8 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(mathematics)" title="Eccentricity (mathematics)">Eccentricity</a></td> <td>0.59</td> <td>0.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Height</td> <td>18 ft 6 in</td> <td>5.6 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Line of rise (the point at which the ceiling starts to arch)</td> <td>16 ft 7 in</td> <td>5.0 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Approximate circumference</td> <td>102 ft 5 in</td> <td>31.2 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Approximate area</td> <td>816.2 sq ft</td> <td>75.8 sq m </td></tr></tbody></table> The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is approximately 21:17 or 1.24. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office,_October_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John F. Kennedy's children visit the Oval Office."><img alt="John F. Kennedy's children visit the Oval Office." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office%2C_October_1962.jpg/120px-Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office%2C_October_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office%2C_October_1962.jpg/180px-Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office%2C_October_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office%2C_October_1962.jpg/240px-Kennedy_children_visit_the_Oval_Office%2C_October_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="1899" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s children visit the Oval Office.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="President Richard M. Nixon and Bob Hope play golf in the Oval Office."><img alt="President Richard M. Nixon and Bob Hope play golf in the Oval Office." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif/lossy-page1-82px-Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif/lossy-page1-123px-Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif/lossy-page1-164px-Richard_M._Nixon_and_Bob_Hope_in_the_oval_office._Bob_Hope_is_putting_into_an_ashtray_held_by_the_President._-_NARA_-_194433.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">President <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> play golf in the Oval Office.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oval_Office_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from above: President George W. Bush seated at lower left holds meeting."><img alt="View from above: President George W. Bush seated at lower left holds meeting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Oval_Office_from_above.jpg/120px-Oval_Office_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Oval_Office_from_above.jpg/180px-Oval_Office_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Oval_Office_from_above.jpg/240px-Oval_Office_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3703" data-file-height="2478" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from above: President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> seated at lower left holds meeting.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4,_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional hand-shake photo seated in front of the fireplace. President G. W. Bush at right, the guest (Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda) to the left. One of the rare images where there is fire in the fireplace."><img alt="Traditional hand-shake photo seated in front of the fireplace. President G. W. Bush at right, the guest (Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda) to the left. One of the rare images where there is fire in the fireplace." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4%2C_2003.jpg/120px-Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4%2C_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4%2C_2003.jpg/180px-Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4%2C_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4%2C_2003.jpg/240px-Paul_Kagame_with_George_Bush_March_4%2C_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="275" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional hand-shake photo seated in front of the fireplace. President G. W. Bush at right, the guest (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a>, President of Rwanda) to the left. One of the rare images where there is fire in the fireplace.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:P082914PS-0000_(15379615486).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from fireplace mantel: President Barack Obama from the back sitting near the fireplace with view toward desk, Rose Garden doorway at left, private study door ajar at right, and door to his secretary's office ajar at far left."><img alt="View from fireplace mantel: President Barack Obama from the back sitting near the fireplace with view toward desk, Rose Garden doorway at left, private study door ajar at right, and door to his secretary's office ajar at far left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/P082914PS-0000_%2815379615486%29.jpg/120px-P082914PS-0000_%2815379615486%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/P082914PS-0000_%2815379615486%29.jpg/180px-P082914PS-0000_%2815379615486%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/P082914PS-0000_%2815379615486%29.jpg/240px-P082914PS-0000_%2815379615486%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="784" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from fireplace mantel: President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> from the back sitting near the fireplace with view toward desk, Rose Garden doorway at left, private study door ajar at right, and door to his secretary's office ajar at far left.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of the Oval Office, January 26, 2017. President Donald Trump is seated at the Resolute desk."><img alt="A panoramic view of the Oval Office, January 26, 2017. President Donald Trump is seated at the Resolute desk." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg/120px-Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg/180px-Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg/240px-Trump_Oval_Office_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="659" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A panoramic view of the Oval Office, January 26, 2017. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> is seated at the Resolute desk.</div> </li> </ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">President </th> <th width="5%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Designer </th> <th width="20%">Furnishings </th> <th width="15%">Paintings/Sculptures/ Personal effects </th> <th width="40%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> 1909–1913 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:TaftOval1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/TaftOval1909.jpg/100px-TaftOval1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/TaftOval1909.jpg/150px-TaftOval1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/TaftOval1909.jpg/200px-TaftOval1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="387" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathan_C._Wyeth" title="Nathan C. Wyeth">Nathan C. Wyeth</a>, 1909 </td> <td rowspan="4">Marble <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> mantel Bookcases with glass doors Lighting fixtures by <a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Caldwell_%26_Co." title="Edward F. Caldwell & Co.">E. F. Caldwell & Co.</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Walls covered in green burlap Skylight <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">Theodore Roosevelt desk</a> Green drapery Green rug 2 leather "<a href="/wiki/A._H._Davenport_and_Company" title="A. H. Davenport and Company">Davenport</a>" sofas Leather armchairs Side chairs covered in leather </td> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg/100px-Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg/150px-Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg/200px-Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Desk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Theodore Roosevelt Executive Office, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1905. President Taft moved the Theodore Roosevelt desk and furniture to the Oval Office. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> 1913–1921 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg/100px-Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg/150px-Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg/200px-Woodrow_Wilson_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office_c.1913_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="1173" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>President Wilson rarely used the Oval Office, preferring to work in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Room" title="Treaty Room">Treaty Room</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> 1921–1923 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg/100px-Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg/150px-Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg/200px-Mr._Harding%27s_desk_in_the_Executive_Offices_LOC3c32075v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3550" data-file-height="2565" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>President Harding died in office on August 2, 1923. This photo, taken on the day of his funeral, shows mourning crepes tied to the desk chair and <a href="/wiki/Desk_pad" title="Desk pad">blotter</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> 1923–1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg/100px-Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg/150px-Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg/200px-Calvin_Coolidge_seated_at_desk_in_Oval_Office_LOC3b39484r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1474" data-file-height="1043" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>President Coolidge's first official photograph, taken August 15, 1923. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> 1929–1933 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24,_1929_fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24%2C_1929_fire.jpg/100px-1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24%2C_1929_fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24%2C_1929_fire.jpg/150px-1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24%2C_1929_fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24%2C_1929_fire.jpg/200px-1st_Oval_Office_after_Dec._24%2C_1929_fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="589" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Before fire: Theodore Roosevelt desk After fire: Hoover desk<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Moderne">Art Moderne-style</a> sconces 6 cane-back armchairs Upholstered furniture </td> <td> </td> <td>Following the December 24, 1929 fire, President Hoover and his staff relocated to the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">State, War, and Navy Building</a>. He restored the West Wing as it had been, but installed air conditioning. He replaced the Taft Oval Office's Colonial-Revival lighting fixtures with Art Moderne ones, replaced its leather sofas and chairs with upholstered furniture, and added the 6 cane-back armchairs that were used in the modern Oval Office for decades until the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> in 2021. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> 1933–1945 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office,_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office%2C_1933.jpg/100px-Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office%2C_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office%2C_1933.jpg/150px-Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office%2C_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office%2C_1933.jpg/200px-Franklin_Roosevelt_at_desk_in_Oval_Office%2C_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9248" data-file-height="7307" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Hoover desk </td> <td> </td> <td>Note the Art Moderne sconces between the windows of the restored Oval Office, in this 1933 photo. President Roosevelt moved the marble mantel, 2 of the sconces, the rug, drapery, desk, and furniture to the modern Oval Office. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">President </th> <th width="5%">Image </th> <th width="10%">Designer </th> <th width="20%">Furnishings </th> <th width="25%">Paintings Sculptures Personal mementos/Misc. </th> <th width="30%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933–1945 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg/100px-President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg/150px-President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg/200px-President_Roosevelt_in_Executive_Office_LCCN2016883471_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8715" data-file-height="6972" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eric_Gugler" title="Eric Gugler">Eric Gugler</a>, 1934 </td> <td>Marble mantel (from prior Oval Office) 2 sconces (from prior Oval Office) Hoover desk Green drapery Green rug Arched-back desk chair Arched-back armchairs (against the wall) "Lawson" sofa (against the wall) 6 cane-back armchairs </td> <td>George Washington by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Peale" title="Rembrandt Peale">Rembrandt Peale</a> Prints of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> Ship models </td> <td>Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum">Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum</a>.<figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR_Oval_Office.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/FDR_Oval_Office.tif/lossy-page1-100px-FDR_Oval_Office.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/FDR_Oval_Office.tif/lossy-page1-150px-FDR_Oval_Office.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/FDR_Oval_Office.tif/lossy-page1-200px-FDR_Oval_Office.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> 1945–1953 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg/100px-Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg/150px-Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg/200px-Photograph_of_President_Truman%27s_desk_and_other_furnishings_in_the_Oval_Office_of_the_White_House._-_NARA_-_199460.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2423" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Theodore Roosevelt desk Gray drapery Blue-gray rug with the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the President of the United States">Presidential Seal</a> Television set </td> <td>George Washington by Rembrandt Peale George Washington by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Cadena" title="Luis Cadena">Luis Cadena</a> (gift of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>)<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Simón Bolívar by <a href="/wiki/Tito_Salas" title="Tito Salas">Tito Salas</a> (gift of <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> José de San Martín, copy after <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Madou" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Madou">Jean Baptiste Madou</a> (gift of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>) USS Constitution by Gordon Grant <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Missouri">Missouri State Seal</a> plaque <a href="/wiki/Fired_On" title="Fired On">Fired On</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Remington" title="Frederic Remington">Frederic Remington</a> Equestrian Statue of Andrew Jackson by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keck" title="Charles Keck">Charles Keck</a> Photograph of Portrait of Franklin Delano Roosevelt by <a href="/wiki/Frank_O._Salisbury" title="Frank O. Salisbury">Frank O. Salisbury</a> Prints of biplanes and sailing ships Jet-airplane models </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg/100px-Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg/150px-Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg/200px-Harry_Truman_Pres_Lib_oval_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum">Harry S. Truman Presidential Library</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg/100px-Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg/150px-Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg/200px-Andrew_Jackson_statue_County_Courthouse_KC_Missouri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>In 1933, as presiding judge of <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County, Missouri</a>, Truman commissioned sculptor Charles Keck to create a larger-than-life equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson for the under-construction <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County_Courthouse_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Jackson County Courthouse (Kansas City, Missouri)">Kansas City Courthouse</a>. The new courthouse was dedicated on December 27, 1934, and Truman's 10-year-old daughter Margaret unveiled the statue. Keck presented a model of the equestrian statue to Truman, which he later displayed in his Oval Office.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> 1953–1961 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg/100px-EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg/150px-EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg/200px-EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="2244" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Theodore Roosevelt desk Truman drapery Truman rug </td> <td>Landscape paintings <a href="/wiki/Seated_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Seated Lincoln">Seated Lincoln</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum" title="Gutzon Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lincoln7.jpg/100px-Lincoln7.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lincoln7.jpg/150px-Lincoln7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lincoln7.jpg/200px-Lincoln7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Seated Lincoln by Gutzon Borglum. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> 1961–1963 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg/100px-Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg/150px-Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg/200px-Caroline_Kennedy_Kerry_Kennedy_Resolute_Desk_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Boudin" title="Stéphane Boudin">Stéphane Boudin</a>, 1963 </td> <td>Resolute desk Truman drapery Truman rug Rocking chair 2 white sofas (not against the wall) Round coffee table, with phone attached Replaced Art Moderne sconces with brass lanterns See notes. </td> <td>USS United States vs. HMS Macedonian by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Birch" title="Thomas Birch">Thomas Birch</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The White House Long Ago by Jacqueline Kennedy <a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Constitution - Guerriere by <a href="/wiki/Michele_Felice_Corne" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele Felice Corne">Michele Felice Corne</a><a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary.org-50">[50]</a> Bonhomme Richard by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buttersworth" title="Thomas Buttersworth">Thomas Buttersworth</a><a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary.org-50">[50]</a> Buffalo Bull by <a href="/wiki/George_Catlin" title="George Catlin">George Catlin</a><a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary.org-50">[50]</a> Buffalo Hunt Under Wolf Skin Masks by George Catlin<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary.org-50">[50]</a> Photographs of sailboats Ship models </td> <td>First Lady <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> restored the <a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk">Resolute desk</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg/100px-Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg/150px-Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg/200px-Redecorated_Oval_Office_with_President_Kennedy%27s_effects.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> The Oval Office was undergoing redecoration at the time of Kennedy's assassination. Lyndon B. Johnson retained the new white drapery, but chose not to use the new red rug.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> 1963–1969 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/100px-LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/150px-LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/200px-LBJ_watching_TV_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="863" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Johnson desk<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Kennedy red rug (first term) Truman rug (second term) Kennedy white drapery Cabinet for <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teletype</a> Banquette with three televisions Kennedy rocking chair Kennedy white sofas Round coffee table, with phone in drawer <a href="/wiki/Federal_furniture" title="Federal furniture">Federal-style</a> tall-case clock Replaced Kennedy brass lanterns with Neoclassical brass sconces Covered floor with wood-grained <a href="/wiki/Linoleum" title="Linoleum">linoleum</a> </td> <td>George Washington by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a> Andrew Jackson by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a> Thomas Jefferson by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a> Franklin D. Roosevelt by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Shoumatoff" title="Elizabeth Shoumatoff">Elizabeth Shoumatoff</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Bronco_Buster" title="The Bronco Buster">The Bronco Buster</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Remington" title="Frederic Remington">Frederic Remington</a> Bust of Lyndon B. Johnson (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Jimilu_Mason" title="Jimilu Mason">Jimilu Mason</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg/100px-Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg/150px-Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg/200px-Oval_Office_Meeting_5_June_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Franklin D. Roosevelt by Elizabeth Shoumatoff (on mantel). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> 1969–1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif/lossy-page1-100px-Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif/lossy-page1-150px-Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif/lossy-page1-200px-Photograph_of_President_Richard_M._Nixon_and_Representative_Gerald_R._Ford_in_the_Oval_Office_Prior_to_the_Nomination..._-_NARA_-_186969.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1964" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg/100px-Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg/150px-Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg/200px-Richard_Nixon_with_Prince_Charles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2330" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilson_desk" title="Wilson desk">Wilson desk</a> Yellow drapery Royal blue rug </td> <td>1st. George Washington by Gilbert Stuart 2nd. George Washington by Rembrandt Peale 3rd. George Washington by Charles Willson Peale The President's House, copy after <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bartlett" title="William Henry Bartlett">William Henry Bartlett</a> Bust of Abraham Lincoln by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Cherne" title="Leo Cherne">Leo Cherne</a> Bird figurines by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Marshall_Boehm" title="Edward Marshall Boehm">Edward Marshall Boehm</a> <a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a> (photograph of the Earth from the Moon's orbit) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_(30608035520)_(cropped1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_%2830608035520%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/100px-Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_%2830608035520%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_%2830608035520%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/150px-Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_%2830608035520%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_%2830608035520%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/200px-Nixon_Presidential_Library_%26_Museum_%2830608035520%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum</a>. First Lady <a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a> designed the Oval Office's royal blue rug. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> 1974–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ford_Oval_Office.jpg/100px-Ford_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ford_Oval_Office.jpg/150px-Ford_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ford_Oval_Office.jpg/200px-Ford_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="547" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Wilson desk Red drapery Yellow floral rug 2 yellow <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_furniture" title="Queen Anne style furniture">Queen Anne-style</a> armchairs 2 yellow wing chairs 2 striped sofas Seymour tall-case clock Removed the brass sconces </td> <td>George Washington by Charles Willson Peale The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly <a href="/wiki/City_of_Washington_from_Beyond_the_Navy_Yard" title="City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard">City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Cooke_(painter)" title="George Cooke (painter)">George Cooke</a> Benjamin Franklin by Charles Willson Peale Passing the Outpost by Alfred Wadsworth Thompson<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> Standing Lincoln by <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Alexander_Weinman" title="Adolph Alexander Weinman">Adolph Alexander Weinman</a> The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/60px-Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/90px-Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/120px-Seymour_Clock_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> President Ford first placed the <a href="/wiki/Seymour_tall-case_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour tall-case clock">Seymour tall-case clock</a> in the Oval Office.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> 1977–1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif/lossy-page1-100px-The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif/lossy-page1-150px-The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif/lossy-page1-200px-The_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_177693.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2963" data-file-height="2309" /></a> </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>Resolute desk Ford drapery Ford rug Placed the Ford sofas back-to-back </td> <td>George Washington by Charles Willson Peale. The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke Passing the Outpost by Alfred Wadsworth Thompson<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> Bust of Benjamin Franklin by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdon" title="Jean-Antoine Houdon">Jean-Antoine Houdon</a> Bust of George Washington by <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Powers" title="Hiram Powers">Hiram Powers</a> Bust of Thomas Jefferson by Jean-Antoine Houdon The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Bust of Harry S. Truman by Charles Keck Ship model </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG/100px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG/150px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG/200px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_68.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Jimmy Carter Library and Museum</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> 1981–1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg/100px-Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg/150px-Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg/200px-Empty_Oval_Office_in_The_White_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3234" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/100px-President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/150px-President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/200px-President_Ronald_Reagan_working_at_his_desk_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2658" /></a> </td> <td>Ted Graber, 1981<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Ted Graber, 1988 </td> <td>Resolute desk Ford drapery Ford rug (First Term) Replaced the wood floor<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> "Sunbeam" rug (Second Term) </td> <td>George Washington by Charles Willson Peale The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay by Victor de Grailly The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully Preaching to the Troops by Sanford R. Gifford<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Passing the Outpost by Alfred Wadsworth Thompson<a href="#cite_note-Buchanan-34">[34]</a> The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Rattlesnake by Frederic Remington The Great Saddles of the West by Paul Rossi Ol' Sabertooth by Harry Jackson Cowboy's Meditation by Harry Jackson Buffalo Skull by James L. Clark Numerous family photographs </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY,_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY%2C_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg/100px-REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY%2C_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY%2C_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg/150px-REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY%2C_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY%2C_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg/200px-REAGAN_PRESIDENTAL_LIBRARY%2C_SIMI_VALLEY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Library" title="Ronald Reagan Presidential Library">Ronald Reagan Presidential Library</a>. First Lady <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> designed the rug.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> 1989–1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney,_General_Colin_Powell,_General_Scowcroft,_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney%2C_General_Colin_Powell%2C_General_Scowcroft%2C_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif/lossy-page1-100px-President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney%2C_General_Colin_Powell%2C_General_Scowcroft%2C_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney%2C_General_Colin_Powell%2C_General_Scowcroft%2C_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif/lossy-page1-150px-President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney%2C_General_Colin_Powell%2C_General_Scowcroft%2C_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney%2C_General_Colin_Powell%2C_General_Scowcroft%2C_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif/lossy-page1-200px-President_Bush_meets_with_Secretary_Dick_Cheney%2C_General_Colin_Powell%2C_General_Scowcroft%2C_Governor_Sununu_and_Robert..._-_NARA_-_186427.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="1992" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hampton" title="Mark Hampton">Mark Hampton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C%26O_desk" title="C&O desk">C&O desk</a> Pale blue drapery Pale blue rug Pale white sofas </td> <td>George Washington by Rembrandt Peale The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett Rutland Falls, Vermont by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Frederic Edwin Church</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Tetons" title="The Three Tetons">The Three Tetons</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Moran" title="Thomas Moran">Thomas Moran</a> Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully Benjamin Henry Latrobe by Charles Willson Peale Model of HMS Resolute The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Rattlesnake by Frederic Remington Numerous family pictures </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg/100px-Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg/150px-Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg/200px-Bush_Library_Oval_Office_Replica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2825" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bush Presidential Library and Museum">George Bush Presidential Library</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> 1993–2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:WJCovaloffice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/100px-WJCovaloffice.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/150px-WJCovaloffice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/200px-WJCovaloffice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg/100px-President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg/150px-President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg/200px-President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5453" data-file-height="3668" /></a> </td> <td>Kaki Hockersmith, 1993 </td> <td>Resolute desk Yellow drapery Navy blue rug Striped red and white sofas </td> <td>George Washington by Rembrandt Peale The Avenue in the Rain by <a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a> The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke <a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_the_Hour" title="Waiting for the Hour">Waiting for the Hour</a> by William Tolman Carlton Andrew Jackson by Thomas Sully The Three Tetons by Thomas Moran The President's House, copy after William Henry Bartlett The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington <a href="/wiki/The_Thinker" title="The Thinker">The Thinker</a> by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a> <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_the_Great_Spirit" title="Appeal to the Great Spirit">Appeal to the Great Spirit</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Dallin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Dallin">Cyrus Dallin</a> Bust of Abraham Lincoln by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Berks" title="Robert Berks">Robert Berks</a> Bust of Franklin D. Roosevelt by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Davidson" title="Jo Davidson">Jo Davidson</a> Numerous family pictures </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg/100px-Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg/150px-Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg/200px-Clinton_exhibit_Presidential_Library_Little_Rock_AR_2013-06-07_023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/William_J._Clinton_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Clinton Presidential Library">William J. Clinton Presidential Library</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> 2001–2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg/100px-OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg/150px-OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg/200px-OvalOffice.whitehouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="247" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/100px-President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/150px-President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg/200px-President_George_W._Bush_meets_with_Canadian_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_in_the_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="343" /></a> </td> <td>Ken Blasingame, 2001 </td> <td>Resolute desk Gold drapery "Sunbeam" rug Replaced the wood floor </td> <td>George Washington by Rembrandt Peale. A Charge to Keep by <a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Koerner" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. D. Koerner">W. H. D. Koerner</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Rio Grande by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Lea,_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas C. Lea, III">Tom Lea</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Near San Antonio by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Onderdonk" title="Julian Onderdonk">Julian Onderdonk</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Chili Queens at the Alamo by Julian Onderdonk<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Cactus Flower by Julian Onderdonk<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Rattlesnake by Frederic Remington Bust of Dwight D. Eisenhower by Nison Tregor Bust of Abraham Lincoln by <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a> <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Winston_Churchill_(Epstein)" title="Bust of Winston Churchill (Epstein)">Bust of Winston Churchill</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a> (lent by British <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Prime Minister Tony Blair</a> from the British <a href="/wiki/Government_Art_Collection" title="Government Art Collection">Government Art Collection</a>) Numerous family pictures </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg/100px-Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg/150px-Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg/200px-Barack_Obama_in_the_Oval_Office_replica_in_the_George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Oval Office replica at <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">George W. Bush Presidential Center</a>. First Lady <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> designed the "Sunbeam" rug.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> 2009–2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg/100px-Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg/150px-Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg/200px-Obama_edits_speech_before_announcing_death_of_Osama_bin_Laden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office,_Feb._2,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_Feb._2%2C_2011.jpg/100px-President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_Feb._2%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_Feb._2%2C_2011.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_Feb._2%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_Feb._2%2C_2011.jpg/200px-President_Barack_Obama_meets_with_Sen._John_McCain_of_Arizona_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_Feb._2%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4035" data-file-height="2631" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Smith_(interior_designer)" title="Michael S. Smith (interior designer)">Michael S. Smith</a>, 2010 </td> <td>Resolute desk G.W. Bush gold drapery (first few months into term) Red drapery Taupe rug with quotes in border Striped wallpaper </td> <td>George Washington by Rembrandt Peale The Avenue in the Rain by Childe Hassam Working on the Statue of Liberty by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a> The Three Tetons by Thomas Moran Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story Cobb's Barns, South Truro by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Edward Hopper</a> Burly Cobb's House, South Truro by Edward Hopper The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens <a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Alston)" title="Bust of Martin Luther King Jr. (Alston)">Bust of Martin Luther King, Jr.</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alston" title="Charles Alston">Charles Alston</a> Copy of the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> Numerous family pictures </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg/100px-Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg/150px-Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg/200px-Barack_Obama_on_the_telephone_to_John_Boehner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>The rug's border incorporates quotes from Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> 2017–2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg/100px-View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg/150px-View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg/200px-View_of_Oval_Office_in_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_(43860910935).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_%2843860910935%29.jpg/100px-President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_%2843860910935%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_%2843860910935%29.jpg/150px-President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_%2843860910935%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_%2843860910935%29.jpg/200px-President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Welcome_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Poland_and_Mrs._Agata_Kornhauser-Duda_%2843860910935%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>Resolute desk Clinton drapery<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Reagan sunburst rug<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> White & gray brocade wallpaper G.W. Bush cream-colored sofas<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Additional American and presidential flags<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td> <td>Andrew Jackson by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Eleaser_Whiteside_Earl" title="Ralph Eleaser Whiteside Earl">Ralph Eleaser Whiteside Earl</a><a href="#cite_note-Hannity2017-71">[71]</a> Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story<a href="#cite_note-Hannity2017-71">[71]</a> George Washington by Rembrandt Peale<a href="#cite_note-Hannity2017-71">[71]</a> Thomas Jefferson by Gilbert Stuart Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull The Bronco Buster by Frederic Remington Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens<a href="#cite_note-Hannity2017-71">[71]</a> Bust of Winston Churchill by Jacob Epstein<a href="#cite_note-TrumpPolitico-72">[72]</a> Bust of Martin Luther King, Jr. by Charles Alston<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson by <a href="/wiki/Clark_Mills_(sculptor)" title="Clark Mills (sculptor)">Clark Mills</a> Letter from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">President Nixon</a><a href="#cite_note-TrumpPolitico-72">[72]</a> Numerous family pictures Collection of <a href="/wiki/Challenge_coin" title="Challenge coin">Challenge coins</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wounded_Warrior_Project" title="Wounded Warrior Project">Wounded Warrior Project</a> Award Mini World Cup replica trophy <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_(West_Palm_Beach)" title="Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)">Trump International Golf Club</a> Championship trophy </td> <td>President Trump initially used the Obama striped wallpaper, but replaced it with white and gray brocade wallpaper during renovations made in August 2017. The World Cup miniature trophy was a gift from <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>, presented after the U.S. was announced as host country for the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2026 FIFA World Cup">2026 World Cup</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> 2021–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office,_9_February_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office%2C_9_February_2021.jpg/100px-Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office%2C_9_February_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office%2C_9_February_2021.jpg/150px-Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office%2C_9_February_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office%2C_9_February_2021.jpg/200px-Joe_Biden_petting_Champ_and_Major_in_Oval_Office%2C_9_February_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg/100px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg/150px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg/200px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_Democratic_Senators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Resolute desk<a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Clinton drapery<a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Clinton navy blue rug<a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Trump wallpaper<a href="#cite_note-:2-75">[75]</a> G.W. Bush cream-colored sofas<a href="#cite_note-:2-75">[75]</a> </td> <td>Franklin Delano Roosevelt by <a href="/wiki/Frank_O._Salisbury" title="Frank O. Salisbury">Frank O. Salisbury</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Thomas Jefferson by Gilbert Stuart Alexander Hamilton by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a> Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story George Washington by Gilbert Stuart Benjamin Franklin by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duplessis" title="Joseph Duplessis">Joseph Duplessis</a> The Avenue in the Rain by Childe Hassam<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard by George Cooke Swift Messenger by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Houser" title="Allan Houser">Allan Houser</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Bust of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> by Charles Alston<a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Bust of <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> by Robert Berks<a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Bust of <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a> Bust of <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a> by Paul Suarez <a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Bust of <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a> by <a href="/wiki/Artis_Lane" title="Artis Lane">Artis Lane</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Bust of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens<a href="#cite_note-:1-81">[81]</a> Bust of <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S.Truman</a> by William J. Williams<a href="#cite_note-:1-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rock</a> returned by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> crew<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Gold framed 10" TV<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Numerous family pictures Numerous books Family <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </td> <td>Presidential Medal of Freedom awarded to then Vice President Biden by <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2017 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_grandfather_clock" title="Oval Office grandfather clock">Oval Office grandfather clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_call_button" title="Presidential call button">Presidential call button</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerbers" class="citation news cs1">Herbers, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/990808onthisday_big.html#article">"The 37th President Is First to Quit Post"</a>. The New York Times. No. 9 August 1974. Retrieved February 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+37th+President+Is+First+to+Quit+Post&rft.issue=9+August+1974&rft.aulast=Herbers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2F990808onthisday_big.html%23article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/address-nation-explosion-space-shuttle-challenger">"Address to the Nation on the Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger"</a>. reaganlibrary.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reaganlibrary.gov&rft.atitle=Address+to+the+Nation+on+the+Explosion+of+the+Space+Shuttle+Challenger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reaganlibrary.gov%2Farchives%2Fspeech%2Faddress-nation-explosion-space-shuttle-challenger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_E._Eidenmuller" class="citation web cs1">Michael E. Eidenmuller. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911addresstothenation.htm">"The Rhetoric of 9/11: President George W. Bush – Address to the Nation on 9-11-01"</a>. Americanrhetoric.com. Retrieved February 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rhetoric+of+9%2F11%3A+President+George+W.+Bush+%E2%80%93+Address+to+the+Nation+on+9-11-01&rft.pub=Americanrhetoric.com&rft.au=Michael+E.+Eidenmuller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrhetoric.com%2Fspeeches%2Fgwbush911addresstothenation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/questions/why-is-the-oval-office-oval">Why is the Oval Office oval?</a> from White House Historical Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> "Recollections of Judge John B. Wallace," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 2 (1878), p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> David McCullough, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(book)" title="John Adams (book)">John Adams</a> (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 490. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/presidentshouse/news/inq050907.htm">A Window with Its Place in History</a>. Philadelphia Inquirer, May 9, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/presidentshouse/plans/digbowwindow.htm">"Photos of the archaeology"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photos+of+the+archaeology.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fpresidentshouse%2Fplans%2Fdigbowwindow.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> "There can be little doubt that in Washington's bow can be found the seed that was later to flower in the oval shape of the Blue Room." William Seale, The President's House, A History (Washington, D. C., 1986), 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> William Seale, "James Hoban: Builder of the White House," in White House History no. 22 (Spring 2008), pp. 8–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> An architect, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a>, recommended that it be erected on the other side of Pennsylvania Avenue, in <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Park</a>, to ensure that it would remain a temporary building. Seale, The President's House, p. 664. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> The greenhouses were disassembled and moved. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> William Allman, White House Curator, "Oval Office Tour, December 1, 2008," <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> documentary, 14:45. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Seale, The President's House, p. 895. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "The White House: Inside America's Most Famous Home" – CSPAN Documentary </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Seale, The President's House, pp. 946–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Seale, The President's House, p. 948. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> William Allman, White House Curator, "Oval Office Tour, December 1, 2008," CSPAN documentary, 00:45.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/282818-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/treasures-of-the-white-house-seymour-tall-case-clock">"Treasures of the White House: Seymour Tall Case Clock"</a>. WHHA. Retrieved June 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WHHA&rft.atitle=Treasures+of+the+White+House%3A+Seymour+Tall+Case+Clock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fphotos%2Ftreasures-of-the-white-house-seymour-tall-case-clock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandus2015" class="citation book cs1">Brandus, Paul (September 2015). Under This Roof The White House and the Presidency—21 Presidents, 21 Rooms, 21 Inside Stories. Globe Pequot Press / Lyons Press. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-0834-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-0834-6"><bdi>978-1-4930-0834-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+This+Roof+The+White+House+and+the+Presidency%E2%80%9421+Presidents%2C+21+Rooms%2C+21+Inside+Stories&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press+%2F+Lyons+Press&rft.date=2015-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-0834-6&rft.aulast=Brandus&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YAHOO-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YAHOO_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YAHOO_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndriotis2021" class="citation web cs1">Andriotis, Mary Elizabeth (January 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/joe-biden-one-desks-oval-201000735.html">"Joe Biden Chooses the Resolute Desk for His Oval Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/treasures-of-the-white-house-resolute-desk">the original</a> on December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=White+House+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Treasures+of+the+White+House%3A+%22Resolute%22+desk%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fphotos%2Ftreasures-of-the-white-house-resolute-desk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christie's-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christie's_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christie's_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christie's_25-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/features/The-story-of-HMS-Resolute-11188-7.aspx">"From the Arctic to the Oval Office — the story of HMS Resolute"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125110507/https://www.christies.com/features/The-story-of-HMS-Resolute-11188-7.aspx">Archived</a> January 25, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>. Retrieved December 23, 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-Builder-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Builder_26-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p3McAQAAMAAJ&q=Resolute&pg=PA481">"International Amenities: Design for a Bookcase and Chimneypiece"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722030423/https://books.google.com/books?id=p3McAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA481&lpg=PA481&dq=Morant,+Boyd,+%26+Blanford+resolute&source=bl&ots=vbXv7-Gv_b&sig=ACfU3U0t29wn0DMW_aB_tEdxH_t_PSrWOw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPmOnhhIHuAhUTGFkFHQznDS0Q6AEwAXoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=Resolute&f=false">Archived</a> July 22, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Building_(magazine)" title="Building (magazine)">The Builder</a>. April 16, 1881. p. 472. Retrieved January 9, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-secretaire-27"><a href="#cite_ref-secretaire_27-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/386371.html">"Design proposal for a secretaire from the timbers of Resolute (1850)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428235842/https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/386371.html">Archived</a> April 28, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a>. Retrieved January 9, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-Parliament-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Parliament_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6XYTAAAAYAAJ&dq=Morant%2C+Boyd%2C+%26+Blanford+resolute&pg=RA1-PA130">Parliamentary Papers</a>. Vol. 40. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a>. 1882. p. 130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Papers&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=1882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6XYTAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DMorant%252C%2BBoyd%252C%2B%2526%2BBlanford%2Bresolute%26pg%3DRA1-PA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.whitehousehistory.org/fotoweb/archives/5017-Digital-Library/Main%20Index/Decorative%20Arts/797.tif.info#c=%2Ffotoweb%2Farchives%2F5017-Digital-Library%2F%3Fq%3Dresolute">"Resolute desk"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826070350/https://library.whitehousehistory.org/fotoweb/archives/5017-Digital-Library/Main%20Index/Decorative%20Arts/797.tif.info#c=%2Ffotoweb%2Farchives%2F5017-Digital-Library%2F%3Fq%3Dresolute">Archived</a> August 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a>. Retrieved January 3, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-Decorative-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Decorative_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826070107/https://www.c-span.org/video/?444985-5%2Fdecorative-arts-design-white-house">"The Presidency: Decorative Arts and Design in the White House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. May 3, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?444985-5%2Fdecorative-arts-design-white-house">the original</a> on August 26, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2020. <q>Program ID 444985-5. 32:10 - 38:50</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=C-SPAN&rft.atitle=The+Presidency%3A+Decorative+Arts+and+Design+in+the+White+House&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F444985-5%252Fdecorative-arts-design-white-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKettler2019" class="citation web cs1">Kettler, Sara (April 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114205833/https://www.biography.com/news/jacqueline-kennedy-white-house-restoration">"How Jacqueline Kennedy Transformed the White House and Left a Lasting Legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Biography_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Biography Channel">Biography</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/news/jacqueline-kennedy-white-house-restoration">the original</a> on January 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=How+Jacqueline+Kennedy+Transformed+the+White+House+and+Left+a+Lasting+Legacy&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.aulast=Kettler&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fnews%2Fjacqueline-kennedy-white-house-restoration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historic-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Historic_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historic_32-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!1365~!0#focus">"Historic Desk Loaned to President Carter"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826070353/https://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=all&source=~%21sichronology&uri=full%3D3100001~%211365~%210#focus">Archived</a> August 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. 1977. Retrieved December 1, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> John Rousmaniere, The Union League Club 1863-2013 (New York: Union League Club, 2013), pp. 198-200. </li> <li id="cite_note-Buchanan-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan_34-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchananStevens2021" class="citation news cs1">Buchanan, Larry; Stevens, Matt (May 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/05/arts/design/oval-office-art.html">"The Art in the Oval Office Tells a Story. Here's How to See It"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Art+in+the+Oval+Office+Tells+a+Story.+Here%27s+How+to+See+It.&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2021%2F05%2F05%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Foval-office-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegreatestofart.wordpress.com/2015/03/03/portrait-of-president-woodrow-wilson-by-charles-h-woodbury-1913/">President Woodrow Wilson</a> from The Greatest of Art. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-records/74-1049">Portrait of George Washington</a> from Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-records/58-536">Portrait of Simon Bolivar</a> from Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenhower1960" class="citation cs2">Eisenhower, Dwight (August 9, 1960), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civilwartalk.com/threads/dwight-eisenhower-on-lee-and-secession.19205/">Letter to Leon W. Scott</a>, retrieved December 5, 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letter+to+Leon+W.+Scott&rft.date=1960-08-09&rft.aulast=Eisenhower&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcivilwartalk.com%2Fthreads%2Fdwight-eisenhower-on-lee-and-secession.19205%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/doc/waiting">Waiting for the Hour</a> from Virginia Memory. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jet1-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Jet1_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323022029/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-60377326.html">"Clinton announces first image of a Black is on display at the White House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. March 14, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-60377326.html">the original</a> on March 23, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Clinton+announces+first+image+of+a+Black+is+on+display+at+the+White+House&rft.date=2000-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-60377326.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. DC-37, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/dc0402/">White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC</a>", 599 photos, 3 color transparencies, 41 measured drawings, 8 data pages, 35 photo caption pages </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Monkman, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Seale, The President's House, p. 812. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> After the fire, the president used "the great mahogany desk presented to Hoover by furniture makers in Grand Rapids." Seale, The President's House, p. 918. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouseresearch.org/assetbank-whha/action/viewAsset?id=399&index=4&total=300&view=viewSearchItem">George Washington by Luis Cadena</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] from White House Historical Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=2023">Simón Bolívar by Tito Salas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092015/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=2023">Archived</a> April 7, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Harry S. Truman Presidential Library. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Brian Burnes, Harry S. Truman: His Life and Times (Kansas City, MO: Kansas City Star Books, 2003), p. 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=159437341">USS United States vs. HMS Macedonian (1813)</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] from Sotheby's Auction, May 22, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/media/18391">"The White House Long Ago, MO 63.2145 | JFK Library"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+White+House+Long+Ago%2C+MO+63.2145+%26%23124%3B+JFK+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2Fmedia%2F18391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jfklibrary.org-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jfklibrary.org_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfklibrary.org_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfklibrary.org_50-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfklibrary.org_50-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/life-of-john-f-kennedy/fast-facts-john-f-kennedy/items-in-president-kennedys-oval-office">"Items in President Kennedy's Oval Office | JFK Library"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Items+in+President+Kennedy%27s+Oval+Office+%26%23124%3B+JFK+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2Flearn%2Fabout-jfk%2Flife-of-john-f-kennedy%2Ffast-facts-john-f-kennedy%2Fitems-in-president-kennedys-oval-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/special/renovation-1961.htm">Kennedy Oval Office</a> from White House Museum. Scroll to bottom for photo. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> President Johnson used the same desk he had used as a U.S. Senator and Vice-President. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouseresearch.org/assetbank-whha/action/viewAsset?id=388&index=17&total=82&categoryId=493&categoryTypeId=1&collection=Images">FDR by Elizabeth Shoumatoff</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134755/http://www.whitehouseresearch.org/assetbank-whha/action/viewAsset?id=388&index=17&total=82&categoryId=493&categoryTypeId=1&collection=Images">Archived</a> October 6, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from White House Historical Association. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/artifact/Sculpture_22_00037.htm">Bust of Lyndon B. 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Retrieved January 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Truman+State+University&rft.atitle=Harry+Truman+Statue+%26+Bust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.truman.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Four-namesake%2Ftruman-statue-bust%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbar2021" class="citation web cs1">Dunbar, Brian (January 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/nasa-lends-moon-rock-for-oval-office-display/">"NASA Lends Moon Rock for Oval Office Display"</a>. nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+Lends+Moon+Rock+for+Oval+Office+Display&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.aulast=Dunbar&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-feature%2Fnasa-lends-moon-rock-for-oval-office-display%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/joe-biden-oval-office-tv-b2328348.html">Joe Biden keeps a small TV in a picture frame in the Oval Office - The Independent</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadden-Hall" class="citation web cs1">Ladden-Hall, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/joe-biden-has-a-secret-gold-framed-tv-in-the-oval-office-report">"Joe Biden Has a Secret Gold-Framed TV in the Oval Office: Report"</a>. Daily Beast. Retrieved April 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden+Has+a+Secret+Gold-Framed+TV+in+the+Oval+Office%3A+Report&rft.aulast=Ladden-Hall&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fjoe-biden-has-a-secret-gold-framed-tv-in-the-oval-office-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOval+Office" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Portions of this article are based on <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> text from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/life/ovaloffice.html">White House</a>.</li> <li>The White House: An Historic Guide. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912308-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912308-79-6">0-912308-79-6</a>.</li> <li>Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration. Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-442-02532-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-442-02532-7">0-442-02532-7</a>.</li> <li>Clinton, Hillary Rodham. An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History. Simon & Schuster: 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-85799-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-85799-5">0-684-85799-5</a>.</li> <li>Monkman, Betty C. The White House: The Historic Furnishing & First Families. Abbeville Press: 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7892-0624-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7892-0624-2">0-7892-0624-2</a>.</li> <li>Ryan, William and Desmond Guinness. The White House: An Architectural History. McGraw Hill Book Company: 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-054352-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-054352-6">0-07-054352-6</a>.</li> <li>Seale, William. The President's House. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912308-28-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-912308-28-1">0-912308-28-1</a>.</li> <li>Seale, William, The White House: The History of an American Idea. White House Historical Association: 1992, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912308-85-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-912308-85-0">0-912308-85-0</a>.</li> <li>West, J.B. with Mary Lynn Kotz. Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan: 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-698-10546-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-698-10546-X">0-698-10546-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Office&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oval_Office" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Oval Office">Oval Office</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/photoessays/ovaloffice/peindex.html">Oval Office historical photo essay</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.home-designing.com/2008/11/us-presidents-office-interiors">Pictures of the Oval Office during different presidencies (1909–2005)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/custom/2005/06/06/CU2005060601310.html">Washington Post: "Inside the Real West Wing"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605132937/http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2009/0108_transition_ovaloffice_hess.aspx">Oval Office and Presidential desks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/oval-office.htm">White House Museum online tour: the Oval Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122232917/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/oval_office/">The Oval Office on Whitehouse.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=46159c03b721329c36337aa0ecbb48fb">Google Sketchup 3D Model</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060811155020/http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/details?mid=46159c03b721329c36337aa0ecbb48fb">Archived</a> August 11, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/31/oval-office-makeover_n_700495.html">2010 Oval Office Makeover</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/09/01/garden/20100902-oval-slideshow.html">An Office Fitted for a President</a> – slideshow by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York 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href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1800–1814; 1817–1948; 1952–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a> (1938–present) <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">Samuel Osgood House</a> (1789–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Alexander Macomb House</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House</a> (1790–1800) <a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a> (1793–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon_House" title="The Octagon House">The Octagon House</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Buildings" title="Seven Buildings">Seven Buildings</a> (1815–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a> (1948–1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Residence" title="Executive Residence">Executive Residence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_basement" title="White House basement">Basement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Floral_Designer" title="White House Chief Floral Designer">Chief Floral Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground floor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Room" title="China Room">China Room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_china" title="White House china">collection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Curator" title="White House Office of the Curator">Office of the Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Reception_Room" title="Diplomatic Reception Room">Diplomatic Reception Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Library" title="White House Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map_Room_(White_House)" title="Map Room (White House)">Map Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeil_Room" title="Vermeil Room">Vermeil Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State floor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Room_(White_House)" title="Blue Room (White House)">Blue Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Hall" title="Cross Hall">Cross Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_Hall" title="Entrance Hall">Entrance Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Dining_Room" title="Family Dining Room">Family Dining Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase_(White_House)" title="Grand Staircase (White House)">Grand Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Room_(White_House)" title="Green Room (White House)">Green Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Room_(White_House)" title="Red Room (White House)">Red Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Dining_Room_of_the_White_House" title="State Dining Room of the White House">State Dining Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">Chief Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second floor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Floor_Center_Hall" title="Second Floor Center Hall">Center Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sitting_Hall" title="East Sitting Hall">East Sitting Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom" title="Lincoln Bedroom">Lincoln Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sitting_Room" title="Lincoln Sitting Room">Lincoln Sitting Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Bedroom" title="President's Bedroom">President's Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Dining_Room" title="President's Dining Room">President's Dining Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_Bedroom" title="Queens' Bedroom">Queens' Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_Sitting_Room" title="Queens' Sitting Room">Queens' Sitting Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Room" title="Treaty Room">Treaty Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Balcony" title="Truman Balcony">Truman Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sitting_Hall" title="West Sitting Hall">West Sitting Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Oval_Room" title="Yellow Oval Room">Yellow Oval Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roof</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_at_the_White_House" title="Flags at the White House">Flagpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar panels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg/80px-WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg/120px-WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg/160px-WhiteHouseSouthFacadeHDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="2173" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/80px-WJCovaloffice.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/120px-WJCovaloffice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WJCovaloffice.jpg/160px-WJCovaloffice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Exec_bldg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Exec_bldg.JPG/80px-Exec_bldg.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Exec_bldg.JPG/120px-Exec_bldg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Exec_bldg.JPG/160px-Exec_bldg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg/80px-White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg/120px-White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg/160px-White_House_Rose_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="397" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Room_(White_House)" title="Cabinet Room (White House)">Cabinet Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oval Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oval_Office_desks" title="List of Oval Office desks">desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_call_button" title="Presidential call button">call button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_grandfather_clock" title="Oval Office grandfather clock">clock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Study" title="Oval Office Study">Oval Office Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">Press Briefing Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">Roosevelt Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room" title="Situation Room">Situation Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the First Lady of the United States">Office of the First Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_and_Calligraphy_Office" title="Graphics and Calligraphy Office">Graphics and Calligraphy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Emergency_Operations_Center" title="Presidential Emergency Operations Center">Presidential Emergency Operations Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Family_Theater" title="White House Family Theater">White House Family Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">Social Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Visitors_Office" title="White House Visitors Office">Visitors Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Military Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House#Grounds" title="White House">Grounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">The Ellipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Andrew_Jackson_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson (Washington, D.C.)">Andrew Jackson statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Statue of Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Statue of the Comte de Rochambeau">Comte de Rochambeau statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Tadeusz Kościuszko (Washington, D.C.)">Tadeusz Kościuszko statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Washington, D.C.)">Marquis de Lafayette statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Yard_Urns" title="Navy Yard Urns">Navy Yard Urns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lawn" title="North Lawn">North Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park" title="President's Park">President's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_horseshoe_pit" title="White House horseshoe pit">Horseshoe pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_putting_green" title="White House putting green">Putting green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_swimming_pool" title="White House swimming pool">Swimming pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_tennis_court" title="White House tennis court">Tennis and basketball court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_to_Treasury_Building_tunnel" title="White House to Treasury Building tunnel">White House to Treasury Building tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_vegetable_garden" title="White House vegetable garden">White House vegetable garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Executive_Office_Building" title="New Executive Office Building">New Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_Center" title="White House Conference Center">White House Conference Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Parker_House" title="Peter Parker House">Peter Parker House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge_House" title="Trowbridge House">Trowbridge House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Townhouse" title="Presidential Townhouse">Presidential Townhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nearby streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Executive_Avenue" title="East Executive Avenue">East Executive Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="H Street (Washington, D.C.)">H Street NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Place" title="Jackson Place">Jackson Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Place" title="Madison Place">Madison Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Executive_Avenue" title="West Executive Avenue">West Executive Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_White_House" title="Art in the White House">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Christmas_tree" title="White House Christmas tree">Christmas Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Reconstruction" title="White House Reconstruction">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_White_House" title="Replicas of the White House">Replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_White_House_security_breaches" title="List of White House security breaches">Security breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar power at the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decatur_House" title="Decatur House">Decatur House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Ninth_Street)" title="President's House (Ninth Street)">President's House, Ninth Street, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">New York City Government House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338067#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338067#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338067#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2009005676">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007288986105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10675112">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oval_Office&params=38.8974_N_77.0374_W_region:US-DC_type:landmark">38°53′51″N 77°02′15″W / 38.8974°N 77.0374°W / 38.8974; -77.0374</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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