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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Transnistria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Transnistria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_and_Romanian_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Soviet and Romanian administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_and_Romanian_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Secession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transnistria_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transnistria_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Transnistria War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transnistria_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_negotiations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_negotiations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Further negotiations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_negotiations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Political status </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political status subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transnistria_border_customs_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transnistria_border_customs_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Transnistria border customs dispute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transnistria_border_customs_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Russian military presence in Transnistria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2015_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 2015 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 2004 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1989_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1989_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 1989 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1989_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Economic history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macroeconomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macroeconomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Macroeconomics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macroeconomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 External trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_sectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_sectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Economic sectors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_sectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Human rights </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Human rights subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian-language_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian-language_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Romanian-language schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian-language_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms_control_and_disarmament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms_control_and_disarmament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Arms control and disarmament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms_control_and_disarmament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Transnistria</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 135 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" > 135 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8D_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Днестырпыт Молдовэ Республикэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Днестырпыт Молдовэ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Transnistrië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Transnistrien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ትራንስኒስትሪያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ትራንስኒስትሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ट्रांसनिस्त्रिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ट्रांसनिस्त्रिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Приднестровие – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Приднестровие" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ترانسنيستريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترانسنيستريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria_(%C3%88tat)" title="Transnistria (Ètat) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Transnistria (Ètat)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnestryan%C4%B1" title="Dnestryanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dnestryanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ترانسنیستریا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ترانسنیستریا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ট্রান্সনিস্ট্রিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্রান্সনিস্ট্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Днестр буйы Молдова Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Днестр буйы Молдова Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Прыднястроўе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прыднястроўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Прыднястроўе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прыднястроўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Приднестровие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Приднестровие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridnjestrovska_Moldavska_Republika" title="Pridnjestrovska Moldavska Republika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pridnjestrovska Moldavska Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treuznistria" title="Treuznistria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Treuznistria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transnístria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podn%C4%9Bst%C5%99%C3%AD" title="Podněstří – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podněstří" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Transnistrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Transnistrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%93%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ޓުރާންސްނިސްޓުރިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޓުރާންސްނިސްޓުރިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3dnjesterska" title="Pódnjesterska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódnjesterska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Υπερδνειστερία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερδνειστερία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ednestrio" title="Ĉednestrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉednestrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ترانس‌نیستریا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترانس‌نیستریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrie_(%C3%89tat)" title="Transnistrie (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transnistrie (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistriya" title="Transnistriya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Transnistriya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%80%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="트란스니스트리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트란스니스트리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մերձդնեստրի Մոլդովական Հանրապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերձդնեստրի Մոլդովական Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ट्रांसनिस्त्रिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्रांसनिस्त्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnjesterska" title="Podnjesterska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Podnjesterska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridnjestrovska_Moldavska_Republika" title="Pridnjestrovska Moldavska Republika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pridnjestrovska Moldavska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdnistria" title="Transdnistria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Transdnistria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Приднестровье – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Приднестровье" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistr%C3%ADa" title="Transnistría – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Transnistría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="טרנסניסטריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרנסניסטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="დნესტრისპირეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დნესტრისპირეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2dni%C3%A9strze" title="Pòdniéstrze – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pòdniéstrze" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Транснистрия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Транснистрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistri" title="Transnistri – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Transnistri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Днестрдор – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Днестрдор" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistri" title="Transnistri – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Transnistri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transn%C3%AEstriya" title="Transnîstriya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Transnîstriya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Приднестров Молдова Республикасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Приднестров Молдова Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied%C5%86estra" title="Piedņestra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piedņestra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padniestr%C4%97" title="Padniestrė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Padniestrė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Transnistrië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyeszter_Menti_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Dnyeszter Menti Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dnyeszter Menti Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Приднестровие – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Приднестровие" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria_(fanjakana)" title="Transnistria (fanjakana) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Transnistria (fanjakana)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ട്രാൻസ്‌നിസ്ട്രിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ട്രാൻസ്‌നിസ്ട്രിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrija" title="Transnistrija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Transnistrija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ट्रान्सनिस्ट्रिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ट्रान्सनिस्ट्रिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="დნესტრიშპიჯეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დნესტრიშპიჯეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ترانسنيستريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ترانسنيستريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ترانس‌نیستریا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ترانس‌نیستریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Приднестр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Приднестр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Transnistrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrie" title="Transnistrie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Transnistrie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="沿ドニエストル共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="沿ドニエストル共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Приднестровье – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Приднестровье" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Transnistrien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Transnístria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Днестрсер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Днестрсер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnestrbo%CA%BByi_Moldova_Respublikasi" title="Dnestrboʻyi Moldova Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dnestrboʻyi Moldova Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਟਰਾਂਸਨਿਸਤਰੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਰਾਂਸਨਿਸਤਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ٹرانسنسٹریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹرانسنسٹریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Transnistrien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naddniestrze" title="Naddniestrze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Naddniestrze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transnístria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridnestrovye_Moldovan_Cumhuriyeti" title="Pridnestrovye Moldovan Cumhuriyeti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Pridnestrovye Moldovan Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Moldoveneasc%C4%83_Nistrean%C4%83" title="Republica Moldovenească Nistreană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Moldovenească Nistreană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Приднѣстровья – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Приднѣстровья" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Приднестровская Молдавская Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Приднестровская Молдавская Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transn%C3%ACstria" title="Transnìstria – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Transnìstria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrie" title="Transnistrie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Transnistrie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ٽرانس نسٽريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽرانس نسٽريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnestersko_(neuznan%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Podnestersko (neuznaný štát) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podnestersko (neuznaný štát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridnestrska_republika" title="Pridnestrska republika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pridnestrska republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%A5" title="Придънѣстриѥ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Придънѣстриѥ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ترانسنیستریا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ترانسنیستریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Придњестровље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Придњестровље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridnjestrovlje" title="Pridnjestrovlje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pridnjestrovlje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistrien" title="Transnistrien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Transnistrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="திரான்சுனிஸ்திரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திரான்சுனிஸ்திரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Днестр буе Молдавия Республикасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Днестр буе Молдавия Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="ထရွၼ်ႇသၼိတ်ႉသထရီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ထရွၼ်ႇသၼိတ်ႉသထရီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ทรานส์นีสเตรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทรานส์นีสเตรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdinyester" title="Transdinyester – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Transdinyester" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Придністровська Молдавська Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Придністровська Молдавська Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ٹرینسنیسٹریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹرینسنیسٹریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnestranrand" title="Dnestranrand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Dnestranrand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德涅斯特河沿岸" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B6%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="聶斯特河沿岸 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="聶斯特河沿岸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טראנסניסטריע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טראנסניסטריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Transnistria" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="德涅斯特河沿岸共和國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德涅斯特河沿岸共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdinyester" title="Transdinyester – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Transdinyester" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德涅斯特河沿岸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistri" title="Transnistri – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Transnistri" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q907112#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Transnistria" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Transnistria" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Transnistria" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q907112" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav 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29°37′E / 46.833°N 29.617°E / 46.833; 29.617</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unrecognised state in Eastern Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the unrecognized state. For the administrative unit of Moldova, see <a href="/wiki/Administrative-Territorial_Units_of_the_Left_Bank_of_the_Dniester" title="Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester">Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Transnistria (disambiguation)">Transnistria (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;line-height:normal;text-align:center;font-size:84%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Official names</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:8"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Приднестро́вская Молда́вская Респу́блика</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_language" title="Moldovan language">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ, (Republica Moldovenească Nistreană in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)code: mo is deprecated </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Придністро́вська Молда́вська Респу́бліка</td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Transnistria_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Transnistria"><img alt="Flag of Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div style="padding: 2px 0px 3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Transnistria_(Russian_tricolour).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28Russian_tricolour%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28Russian_tricolour%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28Russian_tricolour%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28Russian_tricolour%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28Russian_tricolour%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28Russian_tricolour%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Transnistria" title="Flag of Transnistria">Co-official flags</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Transnistria"><img alt="Coat of arms of Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria#Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Republic" title="Coat of arms of Transnistria">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem:  Мы славим тебя, Приднестровье My slavim tebya, Pridnestrovie "<a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Transnistria" title="Anthem of Transnistria">We Sing the Praises of Transnistria</a>"<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="101" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Transnistria_(orchestral_instrumental_version)_(one_verse).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/National_anthem_of_Transnistria_%28orchestral_instrumental_version%29_%28one_verse%29.ogg/National_anthem_of_Transnistria_%28orchestral_instrumental_version%29_%28one_verse%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/National_anthem_of_Transnistria_%28orchestral_instrumental_version%29_%28one_verse%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Transnistria_in_Europe_(zoomed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Transnistria"><img alt="Location of Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Transnistria_in_Europe_%28zoomed%29.svg/250px-Transnistria_in_Europe_%28zoomed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Transnistria_in_Europe_%28zoomed%29.svg/375px-Transnistria_in_Europe_%28zoomed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Transnistria_in_Europe_%28zoomed%29.svg/500px-Transnistria_in_Europe_%28zoomed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Unrecognised state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Transnistria&params=46_50_25_N_29_38_36_E_type:city">46°50′25″N 29°38′36″E / 46.84028°N 29.64333°E / 46.84028; 29.64333</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_language" title="Moldovan language">Moldovan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">Interethnic language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCE2011-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Law_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_on_the_Functioning_of_Languages_on_the_Territory_of_the_Moldavian_SSR-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-KOR-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (<a href="/wiki/2015_Transnistrian_census" title="2015 Transnistrian census">2015</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>29.1% <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a></li><li>28.6% <a href="/wiki/Moldovans" title="Moldovans">Moldovans</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a></li><li>22.9% <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a></li><li>2.4% <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a></li><li>1.1% <a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li><li>0.5% <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a></li><li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Transnistrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Transnistrians">Transnistrians</a></li><li>1.4% others</li><li>(14% did not specify)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Transnistrian</li><li>Pridnestrovian</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Transnistria" title="Politics of Transnistria">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Rozenberg" title="Aleksandr Rozenberg">Aleksandr Rozenberg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)#List_of_speakers" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Speaker of the Supreme Council</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korshunov" title="Alexander Korshunov">Alexander Korshunov</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Transnistria">Supreme Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Transnistrian Declaration of Independence">Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian SSR">Moldavian SSR</a> declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 September 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence from <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 August 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Succeeds the <a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 November 1991<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 March – 1 July 1992</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Transnistria">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,163 km2 (1,607 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Transnistria">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• March 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 367,776 (Moldovan estimate)<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2015 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 475,373<a href="#cite_note-2015census-10">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">73.5/km2 (190.4/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2021 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.201 billion<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2,584</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian ruble</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Transnistria" title="Telephone numbers in Transnistria">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Transnistria" title="Telephone numbers in Transnistria">+373</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_a">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_a">^</a> +373 5 and +373 2.</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and locally as Pridnestrovie<a href="#cite_note-12">[c]</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict#International_recognition_of_Transnistria" title="Transnistria conflict">breakaway state</a> internationally recognized as part of <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>. It controls most of the narrow strip of land between the <a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester</a> river and the <a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Moldova–Ukraine border">Moldova–Ukraine border</a>, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the <a href="/wiki/Administrative-Territorial_Units_of_the_Left_Bank_of_the_Dniester" title="Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester">Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Unitățile Administrativ-Teritoriale din stînga Nistrului)<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a> or as Stînga Nistrului ("Left (Bank) of the Dniester").<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> The region's origins can be traced to the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, which was formed in 1924 within the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> took parts of the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian ASSR</a>, which was dissolved, and of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> in 1940. The present history of the region dates to 1990, during the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> was established in hopes that it would remain within the Soviet Union should Moldova seek <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unification with Romania</a> or independence, the latter occurring in August 1991. Shortly afterwards, <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">a military conflict</a> between the two parties started in March 1992 and concluded with a <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> in July that year. As a part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Moldova, Russia, and Transnistria) <a href="/wiki/Joint_Control_Commission" title="Joint Control Commission">Joint Control Commission</a> and a trilateral peacekeeping force subordinated to the commission were created to deal with ceasefire violations.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognized but <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> independent <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> with its own <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Transnistria" title="Government of Transnistria">government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Transnistria">parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Transnistria">military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Transnistria" title="Law enforcement in Transnistria">police</a>, postal system, <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">currency</a>, and vehicle registration.<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-DFSTATES-22">[19]</a> Its authorities have adopted a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Transnistria" title="Constitution of Transnistria">constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Transnistria" title="Flag of Transnistria">flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Transnistria" title="Anthem of Transnistria">national anthem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria" title="Coat of arms of Transnistria">coat of arms</a>. After a 2005 agreement between Moldova and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, all Transnistrian companies seeking to export goods through the Ukrainian border <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_border_customs_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Transnistrian border customs issues">must be registered with the Moldovan authorities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> This agreement was implemented after the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Border_Assistance_Mission_to_Moldova_and_Ukraine" title="European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine">European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine</a> (EUBAM) took force in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> In addition to the unrecognized Transnistrian citizenship, most Transnistrians have Moldovan citizenship,<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> but many also have Russian, Romanian, or Ukrainian citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> The main ethnic groups are Russians, Moldovans/Romanians, and Ukrainians. Transnistria, along with <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>, is a post-Soviet "<a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">frozen conflict</a>" zone.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> These three partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the <a href="/wiki/Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations" title="Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations">Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Абхазия,_Южная_Осетия_и_Приднестровье_признали_независимость_друг_друга_и_призвали_всех_к_этому_же-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> In March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> adopted a resolution that defines the territory as <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">under military occupation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Necsutu-32">[29]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Transnistria" title="Names of Transnistria">Names of Transnistria</a></div> The region can also be referred to in English as Dniesteria, Trans-Dniester,<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> Transdniester<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> or Transdniestria.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> These names are adaptations of the Romanian colloquial name of the region, Transnistria, meaning "beyond the Dniester". The term Transnistria was used in relation to eastern Moldova for the first time in the year 1989,<a href="#cite_note-regn-36">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> in the election slogan of the deputy and member of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Moldova" title="Popular Front of Moldova">Popular Front of Moldova</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonida_Lari" title="Leonida Lari">Leonida Lari</a>:<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-mat-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-new-41">[38]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I will throw out the invaders, aliens and <a href="/wiki/Mankurt" title="Mankurt">mankurt</a> over the Dniester, I will throw them out of Transnistria, and you, the Romanians, are the real owners of this long-suffering land ... We will make them speak Romanian, respect our language, our culture!</blockquote> The documents of the government of Moldova refer to the region as Stînga Nistrului (in full, Unitățile Administrativ-Teritoriale din Stînga Nistrului) meaning "Left (Bank) of the Dniester" (in full, "Administrative-territorial unit(s) of the Left Bank of the Dniester"). <a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> According to the Transnistrian authorities, the name of the state is the "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" (PMR) (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Приднестро́вская Молда́вская Респу́блика, ПМР, Pridnestróvskaya Moldávskaya Respúblika; <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Republica Moldovenească Nistreană, RMN, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ, РМН; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Придністро́вська Молда́вська Респу́бліка, ПМР, Prydnistróvska Moldávska Respúblika). The short form is Pridnestrovie (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Приднестровье, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[prʲɪ.dʲnʲɪ.ˈstro.v⁽ʲ⁾je]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Nistrenia, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Нистрения,<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[nis.tre.ni.ja]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Придністров'я, Prydnistrovia, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[prɪ.ɟɲi.ˈstrɔu̯.jɐ]</a>), meaning "[land] by the Dniester". The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Supreme Council</a> passed a law on 4 September 2024 which banned the use of the term "Transnistria" within the region, imposing a fine of 360 rubles or up to 15 days imprisonment for using the name in public.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Transnistria" title="History of Transnistria">History of Transnistria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_and_Romanian_administration">Soviet and Romanian administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soviet and Romanian administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian SSR">Moldavian SSR</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_MASSR_1924.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Romania_MASSR_1924.png/220px-Romania_MASSR_1924.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Romania_MASSR_1924.png/330px-Romania_MASSR_1924.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Romania_MASSR_1924.png/440px-Romania_MASSR_1924.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian ASSR">Moldavian ASSR</a> (orange) and Romania, 1924–1940</figcaption></figure> In 1924, the Moldavian ASSR was proclaimed within the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a>. The ASSR included today's Transnistria (4,100 km2; 1,600 sq mi) and an area (4,200 km2; 1,600 sq mi) to the northeast around the city of <a href="/wiki/Balta,_Ukraine" title="Balta, Ukraine">Balta</a>, but nothing from <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>, which at the time formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>. One of the reasons for the creation of the Moldavian ASSR was the desire of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> at the time to eventually incorporate Bessarabia.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> On 28 June 1940, the USSR <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">annexed Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a> from Romania under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>, and on 2 August 1940 the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the USSR">Supreme Soviet of the USSR</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian SSR">Moldavian SSR</a> by combining part of the annexed territory with part of the former Moldavian ASSR roughly equivalent to present-day Transnistria. In 1941, after <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis forces</a> invaded the Soviet Union in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Second World War</a>, they defeated the Soviet troops in the region and occupied it. Romania controlled the entire region between Dniester and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bug" title="Southern Bug">Southern Bug</a> rivers, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> as local capital.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> The Romanian-administered territory, known as the <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_Governorate" title="Transnistria Governorate">Transnistria Governorate</a>, with an area of 39,733 km2 (15,341 sq mi) and a population of 2.3 million inhabitants, was divided into 13 counties: Ananiev, Balta, Berzovca, Dubasari, Golta, Jugastru, Movilau, Oceacov, Odessa, <a href="/wiki/Ovidiopol" title="Ovidiopol">Ovidiopol</a>, Rîbnița, Tiraspol, and Tulcin. This expanded Transnistria was home to nearly 200,000 Romanian-speaking residents. The Romanian administration of Transnistria attempted to stabilise the situation in the area under Romanian control, implementing a process of <a href="/wiki/Romanianization" title="Romanianization">Romanianization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> During the Romanian occupation of 1941–44, between 150,000 and 250,000 Ukrainian and Romanian Jews were deported to Transnistria; the majority were <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">murdered</a> or died from other causes in the ghettos and concentration camps of the Governorate.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> advanced into the area in 1944, Soviet authorities executed, exiled or imprisoned hundreds of inhabitants of the Moldavian SSR in the following months on charges of collaboration with the Romanian occupiers. A later campaign directed against rich peasant families deported them to the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh SSR">Kazakh SSR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. Over the course of two days, 6–7 July 1949, a plan named "Operation South" saw the deportation of over 11,342 families by order of the Moldavian Minister of State Security, Iosif Mordovets.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession">Secession</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Secession">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igor_Smirnov_(2017-10-04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Igor_Smirnov_%282017-10-04%29.jpg/220px-Igor_Smirnov_%282017-10-04%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Igor_Smirnov_%282017-10-04%29.jpg/330px-Igor_Smirnov_%282017-10-04%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Igor_Smirnov_%282017-10-04%29.jpg/440px-Igor_Smirnov_%282017-10-04%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Igor_Smirnov_(politician)" title="Igor Smirnov (politician)">Igor Smirnov</a>, first president of Transnistria from 1991 to 2011</figcaption></figure> In the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>'s policies of <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a> in the Soviet Union allowed political liberalisation at a regional level. This led to the creation of various informal movements all over the country, and to a rise of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> within most Soviet republics. In the Moldavian SSR in particular, there was a significant resurgence of pro-Romanian nationalism among Moldovans.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> The most prominent of these movements was the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Moldova" title="Popular Front of Moldova">Popular Front of Moldova (PFM)</a>. In early 1988, the PFM demanded that the Soviet authorities declare <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_language" title="Moldovan language">Moldovan</a> the only state language, return to the use of the Latin alphabet, and recognise the shared ethnic identity of Moldovans and Romanians. The more radical factions of the PFM espoused extreme anti-minority, ethnocentric and chauvinist positions,<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> calling for minority populations, particularly the Slavs (mainly Russians and Ukrainians) and <a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a>, to leave or be expelled from Moldova.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> On 31 August 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR</a> adopted Moldovan as the official language with Russian retained only for secondary purposes, returned Moldovan to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, and declared a shared Moldovan-Romanian linguistic identity. As plans for major cultural changes in Moldova were made public, tensions rose further. Ethnic minorities felt threatened by the prospects of removing Russian as the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>, which served as the medium of interethnic communication, and by the possible future reunification of Moldova and Romania, as well as the ethnocentric rhetoric of the PFM. The Yedinstvo (Unity) Movement, established by the Slavic population of Moldova, pressed for equal status for both the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and Moldovan languages.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> Transnistria's ethnic and linguistic composition differed significantly from most of the rest of Moldova. The proportion of ethnic Russians and Ukrainians was especially high and an overall majority of the population, some of them Moldovans, spoke Russian as their mother tongue.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> The nationalist PFM won the first free parliamentary elections in the Moldavian SSR in early 1990,<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> and its agenda started slowly to be implemented. On 2 September 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (PMSSR) was proclaimed as a Soviet republic by an <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> assembly, the Second Congress of the Peoples' Representatives of Transnistria, following a <a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%931990_Transnistrian_referendum" title="1989–1990 Transnistrian referendum">successful referendum</a>. Violence escalated when in October 1990 the PFM called for volunteers to form armed militias to stop an autonomy referendum in <a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a>, which had an even higher proportion of ethnic minorities. In response, volunteer militias were formed in Transnistria. In April 1990, nationalist mobs attacked ethnic Russian members of parliament, while the Moldovan police refused to intervene or restore order.<a href="#cite_note-Kaufman143-59">[56]</a> In the interest of preserving a unified Moldavian SSR within the USSR and preventing the situation escalating further, then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">Soviet President</a> Mikhail Gorbachev, while citing the restriction of civil rights of ethnic minorities by Moldova as the cause of the dispute, declared the Transnistria proclamation to be devoid of a legal basis and annulled it by presidential decree on 22 December 1990.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> Nevertheless, no significant action was taken against Transnistria and the new authorities were slowly able to establish control of the region. Following the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt</a>, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR declared its independence from the Soviet Union. On 5 November 1991 Transnistria abandoned its socialist ideology and was renamed "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic".<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transnistria_War">Transnistria War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transnistria War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></div> The Transnistria War followed armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between Transnistrian separatists and Moldova as early as November 1990 at <a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a>. Volunteers, including <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a>, came from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> to help the <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> side.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> In mid-April 1992, under the agreements on the split of the military equipment of the former Soviet Union negotiated between the former 15 republics in the previous months, Moldova created its own Defence Ministry. According to the decree of its creation, most of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Guards_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Guards Army">14th Guards Army</a>'s military equipment was to be retained by Moldova.<a href="#cite_note-Bergman-64">[61]</a> Starting from 2 March 1992, there was concerted military action between Moldova and Transnistria. The fighting intensified throughout early 1992. The former Soviet 14th Guards Army entered the conflict in its final stage, opening fire against Moldovan forces;<a href="#cite_note-Bergman-64">[61]</a> approximately 700 people were killed. Moldova has since then exercised no effective control or influence on Transnistrian authorities. A ceasefire agreement, signed on 21 July 1992, has held to the present day. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_negotiations">Further negotiations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further negotiations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_18_March_2009-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Igor_Smirnov_(politician)" title="Igor Smirnov (politician)">Igor Smirnov</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin" title="Vladimir Voronin">Vladimir Voronin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barvikha" title="Barvikha">Barvikha</a>, 18 March 2009</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) is trying to facilitate a negotiated settlement. Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, Moldovan President <a href="/wiki/Petru_Lucinschi" title="Petru Lucinschi">Petru Lucinschi</a> and Transnistrian President <a href="/wiki/Igor_Smirnov_(politician)" title="Igor Smirnov (politician)">Igor Smirnov</a>, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalization of relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria", also known as the "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations, although the memorandum's provisions were interpreted differently by the two governments. In November 2003, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Kozak" title="Dmitry Kozak">Dmitry Kozak</a>, a counselor of Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, proposed a memorandum on the creation of an <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_federalism" title="Asymmetric federalism">asymmetric</a> federal Moldovan state, with Moldova holding a majority and Transnistria being a minority part of the federation.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> Known as "the <a href="/wiki/Kozak_memorandum" title="Kozak memorandum">Kozak memorandum</a>", it did not coincide with the Transnistrian position, which sought equal status between Transnistria and Moldova, but gave Transnistria veto powers over future constitutional changes, thus encouraging Transnistria to sign it. Moldovan President Vladimir Voronin was initially supportive of the plan, but refused to sign it after internal opposition and international pressure from the OSCE and US, and after Russia had endorsed the Transnistrian demand to maintain a Russian military presence for the next 20 years as a guarantee for the intended federation.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/5%2B2_format" title="5+2 format">5+2 format</a> (or 5+2 talks, comprising Transnistria, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and the OSCE, plus the United States and the EU as external observers) for negotiation was started in 2005 to deal with the problems, but without results for many years as it was suspended. In February 2011, talks were resumed in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> continuing through to 2018 with some minor agreements being reached.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> Moldova had, by 2023, dropped the term 5+2 in diplomatic discussions. After the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> in March 2014, the head of the Transnistrian parliament <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">asked to join Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> After the start of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in 2022, Ukraine sealed its border with Transnistria, which had been the primary route for goods to enter the region. As such, Transnistria is wholly reliant on Moldova to allow imports through its own border. Transnistrian politicians have grown increasingly anxious about the situation, and in 2024 the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Supreme Council</a> was convened for the first time since 2006, with the council requesting economic assistance from Russia, and stating that Moldova was actively committing a genocide in the region.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-2-28-24-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> The harsh language towards Moldova, coupled with the Russian-backed <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">Șor protests</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_attempt_allegations" title="2023 Moldovan coup attempt allegations">attempted coup</a> plotted by the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> has shifted Moldova further towards the European Union, and thus less likely to enter negotiations for economic relief from Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-2-28-24-73">[70]</a> Transnistria's vaguely worded request for "protection" from Russia has led to fears that, instead of offering economic aid, Russia will attempt to "annex" the region, as they <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine">did with occupied Ukraine in 2022</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Transnistria#Territorial_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Transnistria">Disputed status of Transnistria: Territorial issues</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in Transnistria">List of places in Transnistria</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Transnistria" title="Special:EditPage/Transnistria">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Transnistria%22">"Transnistria"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Transnistria%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Transnistria%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Transnistria%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Transnistria%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Transnistria%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (August 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naddniestrze.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Naddniestrze.png/220px-Naddniestrze.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Naddniestrze.png/330px-Naddniestrze.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Naddniestrze.png/440px-Naddniestrze.png 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="3786" /></a><figcaption>General map of Transnistria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG/220px-Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG/330px-Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG/440px-Dniester_in_Bender_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dniester_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dniester River">Dniester River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a> (Tighina)</figcaption></figure> Transnistria is <a href="/wiki/Landlocked" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlocked">landlocked</a> and borders Bessarabia (the region the Republic of Moldova is based on, for 411 km; 255 mi) to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (for 405 km; 252 mi) to the east. It is a narrow valley stretching north–south along the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Dniester_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Dniester river">Dniester river</a>, which forms a natural boundary along most of the de facto border with Moldova. The territory controlled by the PMR is mostly, but not completely, conterminous with the left (eastern) bank of Dniester. It includes ten cities and towns, and 69 communes, with a total of 147 localities (including here those unincorporated). Six communes on the left bank (<a href="/wiki/Cocieri" title="Cocieri">Cocieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molovata_Nou%C4%83" title="Molovata Nouă">Molovata Nouă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corjova,_Dub%C4%83sari" title="Corjova, Dubăsari">Corjova</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AEr%C3%AEta" title="Pîrîta">Pîrîta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Co%C8%99ni%C8%9Ba" title="Coșnița">Coșnița</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doro%C8%9Bcaia" title="Doroțcaia">Doroțcaia</a>) remained under the control of the Moldovan government after the <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a> of 1992, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari_District" title="Dubăsari District">Dubăsari District</a>. They are situated north and south of the city of Dubăsari, which itself is under PMR control. The village of Roghi of Molovata Nouă <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Moldova" title="Communes of Moldova">Commune</a> is also controlled by the PMR (Moldova controls the other nine of the 10 villages of the six communes). On the west bank, in Bessarabia, the city of Bender (Tighina) and four communes (containing six villages) to its east, south-east, and south, on the opposite bank of the river Dniester from the city of Tiraspol (<a href="/wiki/Proteagailovca" title="Proteagailovca">Proteagailovca</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AEsca" title="Gîsca">Gîsca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%9Bcani,_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Chițcani, Moldova">Chițcani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cremenciug,_C%C4%83u%C8%99eni" title="Cremenciug, Căușeni">Cremenciug</a>) are controlled by the PMR. The localities controlled by Moldova on the eastern bank, the village of <a href="/wiki/Roghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Roghi">Roghi</a>, and the city of Dubăsari (situated on the eastern bank and controlled by the PMR) form a security zone along with the six villages and one city controlled by the PMR on the western bank, as well as two (<a href="/wiki/Varni%C8%9Ba,_Anenii_Noi" title="Varnița, Anenii Noi">Varnița</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copanca" title="Copanca">Copanca</a>) on the same west bank under Moldovan control. The security situation inside it is subject to the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Control_Commission" title="Joint Control Commission">Joint Control Commission</a> rulings. The main transportation route in Transnistria is <a href="/wiki/M4_highway_(Moldova)" title="M4 highway (Moldova)">the M4 road from Tiraspol to Rîbnița through Dubăsari</a>. The highway is controlled in its entirety by the PMR.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> North and south of Dubăsari it passes through land corridors controlled by Moldova in the villages of Doroțcaia, Cocieri, Roghi, and <a href="/wiki/Vasilievca,_Dub%C4%83sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasilievca, Dubăsari">Vasilievca</a>, the latter being located entirely to the east of the road. The road is the de facto border between Moldova and Transnistria in the area.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> Conflict erupted on several occasions when the PMR prevented the villagers from reaching their farmland east of the road.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> Transnistrians are able to travel (normally without difficulty) in and out of the territory under PMR control to neighbouring Moldovan-controlled territory and to Ukraine. International air travellers rely on the airport in the Moldovan capital <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Odesa_International_Airport" title="Odesa International Airport">airport in Odesa</a>, in Ukraine. The climate is humid continental with subtropical characteristics. Transnistria has warm summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is unvarying all year round, although with a slight increase in the summer months. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pridnestrian_Administration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pridnestrian_Administration.png/170px-Pridnestrian_Administration.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pridnestrian_Administration.png/255px-Pridnestrian_Administration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pridnestrian_Administration.png/340px-Pridnestrian_Administration.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Transnistria</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Transnistria" title="Administrative divisions of Transnistria">Administrative divisions of Transnistria</a></div> Transnistria is subdivided into five districts (<a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">raions</a>) and one municipality, the city of Tiraspol (which is entirely surrounded by but administratively distinct from Slobozia District), listed below from north to south (Russian names and <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterations</a> are appended in parentheses). In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: <table class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Administrative divisions of the Transnistria </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Area </th> <th scope="col">Population (2015) </th> <th scope="col">Ethnic composition (2004) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Camenca_District" title="Camenca District">Camenca District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Camenca, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Каменка) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">436 square kilometres (168 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,000</td> <td>47.82% Moldovans, 42.55% Ukrainians, 6.89% Russians, 2.74% others </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba_District" title="Rîbnița District">Rîbnița District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Rîbnița, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Рыбница) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">850 square kilometres (330 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">69,000</td> <td>29.90% Moldovans, 45.41% Ukrainians, 17.22% Russians, 7.47% others </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari_District,_Transnistria" title="Dubăsari District, Transnistria">Dubăsari District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Dubăsari, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Дубэсарь) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">381 square kilometres (147 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,000</td> <td>50.15% Moldovans, 28.29% Ukrainians, 19.03% Russians, 2.53% others </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol_District" title="Grigoriopol District">Grigoriopol District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Grigoriopol, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Григориопол) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">822 square kilometres (317 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40,000</td> <td>64.83% Moldovans, 15.28% Ukrainians, 17.36% Russians, 2.26% others </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Slobozia_District" title="Slobozia District">Slobozia District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Slobozia, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Слобозия) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">873 square kilometres (337 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">84,000</td> <td>41.51% Moldovans, 21.71% Ukrainians, 26.51% Russians, 10.27% others </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">City of <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Tiraspol, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Тираспол) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">205 square kilometres (79 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">129,000</td> <td>18.41% Moldovans, 32.31% Ukrainians, 41.44% Russians, 7.82% others </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">City of <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Tighina, <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a>: Тигина/Бендер) </th> <td style="text-align:right;">97 square kilometres (37 sq mi)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">91,000</td> <td>25.03% Moldovans, 17.98% Ukrainians, 43.35% Russians, 13.64% others </td></tr></tbody></table> Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg/220px-Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg/330px-Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg/440px-Transnistria_license_plate_T001AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Transnistria" title="Vehicle registration plates of Transnistria">License plate of Transnistria</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_status">Political status</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political status">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Political status of Transnistria">Political status of Transnistria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transnistria_in_Moldova_(de-facto)_(semi-secession).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Transnistria_in_Moldova_%28de-facto%29_%28semi-secession%29.svg/220px-Transnistria_in_Moldova_%28de-facto%29_%28semi-secession%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Transnistria_in_Moldova_%28de-facto%29_%28semi-secession%29.svg/330px-Transnistria_in_Moldova_%28de-facto%29_%28semi-secession%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Transnistria_in_Moldova_%28de-facto%29_%28semi-secession%29.svg/440px-Transnistria_in_Moldova_%28de-facto%29_%28semi-secession%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1217" /></a><figcaption>Transnistrian territory in relation to the rest of <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked</a> along the border with <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. Note that this map treats lands at the west bank of the Dniester (such as <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a>) as undisputed Transnistrian territory.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg/220px-Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg/330px-Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg/440px-Transnistria_dup%C4%83_Asybaris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1442" /></a><figcaption>Political map of Transnistria with the differences between the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> Autonomous Dniestrian Territory</figcaption></figure> All <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a> consider Transnistria a legal part of the Republic of Moldova. Only the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">partially recognised or unrecognised states</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> have recognised Transnistria as a sovereign entity after it declared independence from Moldova in 1990 with Tiraspol as its declared capital. Between 1929 and 1940, Tiraspol functioned as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian ASSR</a>, an autonomous republic that existed from 1924 to 1940 within the Ukrainian SSR. Although exercising no direct control over the territory of Transnistria, the Moldovan government passed the "Law on Basic Provisions of the Special Legal Status of Localities from the Left Bank of the Dniester" on 22 July 2005, which established part of Transnistria (territory of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic without Bender and without territories, which are under control of Moldova) as the <a href="/wiki/Administrative-Territorial_Units_of_the_Left_Bank_of_the_Dniester" title="Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester">Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester</a> within the Republic of Moldova. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">President of Transnistria</a> <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Shevchuk" title="Yevgeny Shevchuk">Yevgeny Shevchuk</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow_and_all_Rus%27" title="Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'">Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Kirill</a> and diocesan bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Orthodox Church">Moldovan Orthodox Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Sabbas_(Volkov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbas (Volkov)">Sabbas</a></figcaption></figure> According to the 2004 census, the population of Transnistria comprised 555,347 people, while at the 2015 census the population decreased to 475,373. In 2004, 90% of the population of Transnistria were citizens of Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> Transnistrians may have dual, triple or even quadruple citizenship of internationally recognised countries, including: <ul><li>Citizens of Moldova:<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> around 300,000 people (including dual citizens of Moldova and Russia, around 20,000<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a>) or of Moldova and the EU states (around 80%) of Romania,<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> Bulgaria, or the Czech Republic</li> <li>Citizens of Romania: unknown number<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a></li> <li>Citizens of Russia: around 150,000 people (including around 15,000 dual citizens of Belarus, Israel, Turkey); excluding those holding dual citizenship of Russia and of Moldova (around 20,000)</li> <li>Citizens of Ukraine: around 100,000 people<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> There are around 20,000–30,000 people with dual citizenship (Moldova and Ukraine, or Russia and Ukraine) or triple citizenship (Moldova, Russia and Ukraine). They are included in the number of Ukrainian citizens.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a></li> <li>Persons without citizenship: around 20,000–30,000 people[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> Fifteen villages from the 11 communes of Dubăsari District, including Cocieri and Doroțcaia that geographically are located on the east bank of the Dniester (in Transnistria region), have been under the control of the central government of Moldova after the involvement of local inhabitants on the side of Moldovan forces during the War of Transnistria. These villages, along with <a href="/wiki/Varni%C8%9Ba,_Anenii_Noi" title="Varnița, Anenii Noi">Varnița</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copanca" title="Copanca">Copanca</a>, near Bender and Tiraspol, are claimed by the PMR. One city (Bender) and six villages located on the west bank (in Bessarabia region) are controlled by the PMR, but are considered by Moldova as a separate municipality (Bender and village of <a href="/wiki/Proteagailovca" title="Proteagailovca">Proteagailovca</a>) or part of the <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83u%C8%99eni_District" title="Căușeni District">Căușeni District</a> (five villages in three communes). Tense situations have periodically surfaced due to these territorial disputes, such as in 2005, when Transnistrian forces entered Vasilievca,<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> in 2006 around Varnița, and in 2007 in the Dubăsari-Cocieri area, when a confrontation between Moldovan and Transnistrian forces occurred, though without any casualties. June 2010 surveys indicated that 13% of Transnistria's population desired <a href="/wiki/Reintegration_of_Transnistria_into_Moldova" title="Reintegration of Transnistria into Moldova">the area's reintegration into Moldova</a> in the condition of territorial autonomy, while 46% wanted Transnistria to be part of the Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of Transnistria">International recognition of Transnistria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Transnistria" title="Foreign relations of Transnistria">Foreign relations of Transnistria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg/170px-Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg/255px-Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg/340px-Passport_of_Transnistria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_passport" title="Transnistrian passport">Transnistrian passport</a></figcaption></figure> Transnistria is a non-UN member state recognised as independent only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both being non-UN member states with limited recognition. <a href="/wiki/Nina_Shtanski" title="Nina Shtanski">Nina Shtanski</a> served as Transnistria's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2015; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitaly_Ignatiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitaly Ignatiev (page does not exist)">Vitaly Ignatiev</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Игнатьев, Виталий Викторович">ru</a>] succeeded her as minister. In 2024 Vitaly Ignatiev was declared wanted by the <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> due to suspicion of <a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration" title="Wartime collaboration">collaboration</a> and encroachment on the territorial integrity of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Transnistria" title="Politics of Transnistria">Politics of Transnistria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>The supreme council building in <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, fronted by a statue of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></figcaption></figure> Transnistria is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a> with a powerful presidency. The president is directly elected for a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms. The current President is <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Transnistria">Supreme Council</a> is a unicameral legislature. It has 43 members who are elected for 5-year terms. Elections take place within a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> The majority in the supreme council belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Renewal_(Transnistria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewal (Transnistria)">Renewal</a> movement that defeated the <a href="/wiki/Republic_(Transnistria)" title="Republic (Transnistria)">Republic</a> party affiliated with Igor Smirnov in 2005 and performed even better in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Transnistrian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Transnistrian legislative election">2010</a> and <a href="/wiki/2015_Transnistrian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Transnistrian legislative election">2015</a> elections. Elections in Transnistria are not recognised by international bodies such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, as well as numerous individual countries, who called them a source of increased tensions. There is disagreement over whether <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Transnistria">elections in Transnistria</a> are free and fair. The political regime has been described as one of "super-<a href="/wiki/Presidentialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidentialism">presidentialism</a>" before the 2011 constitutional reform.<a href="#cite_note-Herd_05-93">[90]</a> During the 2006 presidential election, the registration of opposition candidate <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Safonov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Safonov">Andrey Safonov</a> was delayed until a few days before the vote, so that he had little time to conduct an election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> Some sources consider election results suspect. In 2001, in one region it was reported that Igor Smirnov collected 103.6% of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> The PMR government said "the government of Moldova launched a campaign aimed at convincing international observers not to attend" an election held on 11 December 2005 – but monitors from the Russian-led <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> election monitors ignored that and declared the ballot democratic. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_2006.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_2006.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> City Council</figcaption></figure> The opposition Narodovlastie party and <a href="/wiki/Power_to_the_People_(Transnistria)" title="Power to the People (Transnistria)">Power to the People</a> movement were outlawed at the beginning of 2000<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> and eventually dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> A list published by the European Union had banned travel to the EU for some members of the Transnistrian leadership.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Lifted by 2012.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> In 2007, the registration of a Social Democratic Party was allowed. This party, led by a former separatist leader and member of the PMR government Andrey Safonov, allegedly favours a union with Moldova. In September 2007, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_Communist_Party" title="Transnistrian Communist Party">Transnistrian Communist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Khorzhan" title="Oleg Khorzhan">Oleg Khorzhan</a>, was sentenced to a suspended sentence of 1½ years' imprisonment for organising unsanctioned actions of protest.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/2006_Transnistrian_independence_referendum" title="2006 Transnistrian independence referendum">2006 referendum</a>, carried out by the PMR government, 97.2% of the population voted in favour of "independence from Moldova and free association with Russia".<a href="#cite_note-msca-103">[100]</a> EU and several other countries refused to recognise the referendum results. Residents will have the opportunity to vote in Moldova's referendum on joining the EU, planned for autumn 2024. There will be no voting stations within Transnistria; however, residents will be free to travel into other areas of Moldova to vote, should they wish to.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transnistria_border_customs_dispute">Transnistria border customs dispute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transnistria border customs dispute">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_border_customs_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Transnistria border customs issue">Transnistria border customs issue</a></div> On 3 March 2006, Ukraine introduced new customs regulations on its border with Transnistria. Ukraine declared that it would import goods from Transnistria only with documents processed by Moldovan <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a> offices as part of the implementation of the joint customs protocol agreed between Ukraine and Moldova on 30 December 2005. Transnistria and Russia termed the act an "economic blockade". The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the European Union, and the OSCE approved the Ukrainian move, while Russia saw it as a means of political pressure. On 4 March, Transnistria responded by blocking the Moldovan and Ukrainian transport at the borders of Transnistria. The Transnistrian block was lifted after two weeks. However, the Moldovan/Ukrainian block remains in place and holds up progress in status settlement negotiations between the sides.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> In the months after the regulations, exports from Transnistria declined drastically. Transnistria declared a "humanitarian catastrophe" in the region, while Moldova called the declaration "deliberate misinformation".<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Cargoes of humanitarian aid were sent from Russia in response. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiraspol_(11377750435).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tiraspol_%2811377750435%29.jpg/220px-Tiraspol_%2811377750435%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tiraspol_%2811377750435%29.jpg/330px-Tiraspol_%2811377750435%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tiraspol_%2811377750435%29.jpg/440px-Tiraspol_%2811377750435%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>World War II-era Soviet <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> in Tiraspol</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria">Russian military presence in Transnistria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russian military presence in Transnistria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian military presence in Transnistria</a></div> The 1992 cease-fire agreement between Moldova and Transnistria established a Russian "peacekeeper" presence in Transnistria and a 1,200-member Russian military contingent is present in Transnistria. Russian troops stationed in parts of Moldova except Transnistria since the time of the USSR were fully withdrawn to Russia by January 1993. In April 1995, the Soviet 14th Guards Army became the <a href="/wiki/Operational_Group_of_Russian_Forces" title="Operational Group of Russian Forces">Operational Group of Russian Forces</a>, which by the 2010s had shrunk to two battalions and no more than 1,500 troops. On 21 October 1994, Russia and Moldova signed an agreement that committed Russia to the withdrawal of the troops within three years of the agreement's effective date;<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> this did not come into effect, however, because the Russian <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">Duma</a> did not ratify it.<a href="#cite_note-DFSTATES-22">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe" title="Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe">Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe</a> (CFE) included a paragraph about the removal of Russian troops from Moldova's territory and was introduced into the text of the OSCE Summit Declaration of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (1999) in which Russia had committed itself to pulling out its troops from Transnistria by the end of 2002.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> However, even after 2002, the Russian parliament did not ratify the Istanbul accords. On 19 July 2004, after it finally passed through parliament President Vladimir Putin signed the Law on the ratification of the CFE Treaty in Europe, which committed Russia to remove the heavy armaments limited by this Treaty.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> During 2000–2001, although the CFE Treaty was not fully ratified, to comply with it, Moscow withdrew 125 pieces of Treaty Limited Equipment (TLE) and 60 railway wagons containing ammunition from the Transnistrian region of Moldova. In 2002, Russia withdrew three trainloads (118 railway wagons) of military equipment and two (43 wagons) of ammunition from the Transnistrian region of Moldova, and in 2003, 11 rail convoys transporting military equipment and 31 transporting ammunition. According to the <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> Mission to Moldova, of a total of 42,000 tons of ammunition stored in Transnistria, 1,153 tons (3%) was transported back to Russia in 2001, 2,405 tons (6%) in 2002 and 16,573 tons (39%) in 2003.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Stratan" title="Andrei Stratan">Andrei Stratan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of Moldova">Minister of Foreign Affairs of Moldova</a>, stated in his speech during the 12th OSCE Ministerial Council Meeting in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> on 6–7 December 2004 that "The presence of Russian troops on the territory of the Republic of Moldova is against the political will of Moldovan constitutional authorities and defies the unanimously recognized international norms and principles, being qualified by Moldovan authorities as a foreign military occupation illegally deployed on the territory of the state".<a href="#cite_note-gribincea-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> As of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit">[update]</a> however, Russia insists that it has already fulfilled those obligations. It states the remaining troops are serving as peacekeepers authorised under the 1992 ceasefire, are not in violation of the Istanbul accords and will remain until the conflict is fully resolved.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> On the other hand, Moldova believes that fewer than 500 soldiers are authorised pursuant to the ceasefire and, in 2015, began to arrest and deport Russian soldiers who are part of the excess forces and attempt to use Moldovan airports.<a href="#cite_note-EurasiaNet-113">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_(14934029697).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_%2814934029697%29.jpg/220px-Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_%2814934029697%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_%2814934029697%29.jpg/330px-Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_%2814934029697%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_%2814934029697%29.jpg/440px-Russian_Peace_Keeping_soldiers_%2814934029697%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joint_Control_Commission" title="Joint Control Commission">Russian soldiers</a> at the border between Transnistria and Moldova at <a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a></figcaption></figure> In a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> resolution on 18 November 2008, Russia was urged to withdraw its military presence from the "Transdnestrian region of Moldova".<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> In 2011, US Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> claimed in a visit to Moldova that Moscow is violating the territorial integrity of Moldova and Georgia and one of the "fundamental norms" of "international behavior".<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> On 21 May 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukrainian parliament</a> passed a law terminating five co-operation agreements with Russia. This law effectively terminates the "Agreement on transit of Russian military units temporarily located on the territory of the Republic of Moldova through the territory of Ukraine" dated 4 December 1998.<a href="#cite_note-EurasiaNet-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> One point of access for Russian soldiers travelling to Transnistria remains <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_International_Airport" title="Chișinău International Airport">Chișinău International Airport</a> and the short overland journey from there to Tiraspol. Over the years, Moldova has largely permitted Russian officers and soldiers to transit the airport on their way to Transnistria, though occasionally it blocked those that were not clearly identified as international peacekeepers or who failed to give sufficient advance notice. Chișinău Airport would likely only ever agree to the possibility of moving employees, officers, and soldiers of the stationed forces. The passage of soldiers of the 14th Guards Army would be illegal.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> On 27 June 2016, a new law entered in force in Transnistria, punishing actions or public statements, including through the usage of mass media, networks of information and telecommunications or the Internet, criticising the military mission of the Russian Army stationed in Transnistria, or presenting interpretations perceived to be "false" by the Transnistrian government of the Russian Army's military mission. The punishment is up to three years of jail for ordinary people or up to seven years of jail if the crime was committed by a person of responsibility or a group of persons by prior agreement.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Russian invasion of Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">2022 Transnistria attacks</a></div> After the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Transnistria declared it would maintain its neutrality in the situation and denied claims that it would assist in the attack on Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Ukrainian military intelligence stated on 14 January 2022 that they had evidence that the Russian government was covertly planning <a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> "provocations" against Russian soldiers stationed in Transnistria, which would be <a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">used to justify</a> a Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Russian government denied the claims.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> In that prelude, <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Alleged_clashes_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">similar unattributed clashes</a> happened in <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> in February 2022: Ukraine denied being involved in those incidents and called them a false flag operation as well.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> On 15 March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> recognised Transnistria as a Moldovan territory occupied by Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Necsutu-32">[29]</a> On 14 April 2022, one of Ukraine's deputy <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Defence (Ukraine)">defence ministers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanna_Maliar" title="Hanna Maliar">Hanna Maliar</a>, stated that Russia was massing its troops along the borders with Transnistria but the Transnistrian authorities denied it.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> According to the Transnistrian authorities, on April 25 there was <a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">an attack</a> on the premises of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Transnistria)" title="Ministry of State Security (Transnistria)">Ministry for State Security</a> and on the next day two transmitting antennas broadcasting Russian radio programs at <a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol_transmitter" title="Grigoriopol transmitter">Grigoriopol transmitter</a> near the Ukrainian border were blown up.<a href="#cite_note-:0-123">[120]</a> The Moldovan authorities called these events a provocation aimed at destabilising the situation in the region. The Russian army has a military base, a large ammunition dump and about 1,500 soldiers stationed in Transnistria, stating that they are there as "peacekeepers".<a href="#cite_note-:0-123">[120]</a> Since the invasion of Ukraine, Transnistria has lost its economic connections with Ukraine and has had to rely and become more dependent on Moldova and trade links to the EU, resulting in an intensification of dialogue and collaboration, such as the help provided to Ukrainian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law">Law</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Law">edit</a>]</div> The legislation of Transnistria is classified into several areas: <ul><li>The Constitution,<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> a codex containing 28 consolidated legislative acts.</li></ul> This area of legislation concerns the establishment of the Supreme Court, Arbitration Court, the Constitutional Court and the judicial and governmental system of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. It also concerns the establishment of the statuses of some government officials, such as Judges, Deputies of the Supreme Council and the Prosecutors' Office. It also establishes a commissioner for human rights, special legal regimes, citizenship law, This category also contains amendments to the constitutional order, and its procedure to make alterations to the constitution. <ul><li>Laws relating to the foundational law and constitutional system,<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> a codex containing 81 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to the budget, finance, economic and taxation,<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> a codex containing 55 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to the judicial system and its procedures,<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> a codex containing 13 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to criminal, customs and administrative law,<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> a codex containing 12 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to the military and defence sector,<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> a codex containing 16 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to the civil, housing and family Law,<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> a codex containing 28 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to healthcare and social protection,<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> a codex containing 49 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to the field of agriculture and ecology,<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> A codex containing 28 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to industry, trade, privatisation, construction, transport, energy and communications,<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> a codex containing 42 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to education, culture, sports, youth policy, media, and implementation of political rights and freedoms of citizens,<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> a codex containing 43 legislative acts.</li> <li>Laws relating to government programs and government targeted programs,<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> a codex containing 20 legislative acts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Transnistria">Military of Transnistria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIraspol_Transnistria_(13954559507).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/TIraspol_Transnistria_%2813954559507%29.jpg/220px-TIraspol_Transnistria_%2813954559507%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/TIraspol_Transnistria_%2813954559507%29.jpg/330px-TIraspol_Transnistria_%2813954559507%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/TIraspol_Transnistria_%2813954559507%29.jpg/440px-TIraspol_Transnistria_%2813954559507%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Transnistrian soldiers in 2013</figcaption></figure> As of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Transnistria" title="Armed Forces of Transnistria">armed forces and the paramilitary of Transnistria</a> were composed of around 4,500–7,500 soldiers, divided into four motorised infantry brigades in Tiraspol, <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba" title="Rîbnița">Rîbnița</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> They have 18 tanks, 107 <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a>, 73 field guns, 46 anti-aircraft installations, and 173 tank destroyer units.<a href="#cite_note-armed1-138">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-armed2-139">[136]</a> The airforce is composed of 1 <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mi-8T</a> and 1 <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mi-24</a> helicopter. Previous aircraft operated were <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-26" title="Antonov An-26">Antonov An-26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">Antonov An-2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-52" title="Yakovlev Yak-52">Yakovlev Yak-52</a> fixed wing and <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-2" title="Mil Mi-2">Mil Mi-2</a> and other Mi-8T and Mi-24 helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-MilAvia_Press-140">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Moldova" title="Demographics of Moldova">Demographics of Moldova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Transnistria" title="Demographic history of Transnistria">Demographic history of Transnistria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png/290px-Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="526" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png/435px-Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png/580px-Transnistria_evolutie_etnica.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>Demographic evolution in Transnistrian regions and the city of Tiraspol. Purple: Moldovans (Romanians), green: Ukrainians, blue: Russians.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_census">2015 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2015 census">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2015_Transnistrian_census" title="2015 Transnistrian census">2015 Transnistrian census</a></div> In October 2015, Transnistrian authorities organised <a href="/wiki/2015_Transnistrian_census" title="2015 Transnistrian census">another separate census</a> from the <a href="/wiki/2014_Moldovan_census" title="2014 Moldovan census">2014 Moldovan census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> According to the 2015 census, the population of the region was 475,373, a 14.5% decrease from the figure recorded in the 2004 census. The <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a> rate was 69.9%. By ethnic composition, the population of Transnistria was distributed as follows: Russians – 29.1%, Moldovans – 28.6%, Ukrainians – 22.9%, Bulgarians – 2.4%, Gagauzians – 1.1%, Belarusians – 0.5%, Transnistrian – 0.2%, other nationalities – 1.4%. About 14% of the population did not declare their nationality. Also, for the first time, the population had the option to identify as "Transnistrian".<a href="#cite_note-2015census-10">[8]</a> According to another source, the largest ethnic groups in 2015 were 161,300 <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> (34%), 156,600 <a href="/wiki/Moldovans" title="Moldovans">Moldovans</a> (33%), and 126,700 <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> (26.7%). <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> comprised 13,300 (2.8%), Gagauz 5,700 (1.2%) and <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> 2,800 (0.6%). <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> accounted for 1,400 or 0.3% and <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> for 1,000 or 0.2%. Others accounted for 5,700 people or 1.2%.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004_census">2004 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2004 census">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2004_Transnistrian_census" title="2004 Transnistrian census">2004 Transnistrian census</a></div> In 2004, Transnistrian authorities organised <a href="/wiki/2004_Transnistrian_census" title="2004 Transnistrian census">a separate census</a> from the <a href="/wiki/2004_Moldovan_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Moldovan Census">2004 Moldovan Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> As per 2004 census, in the areas controlled by the PMR government, there were 555,347 people, including 177,785 Moldovans (32.1%) 168,678 Russians (30.4%) 160,069 Ukrainians (28.8%) 13,858 Bulgarians (2.5%) 4,096 <a href="/wiki/Gagauzians" class="mw-redirect" title="Gagauzians">Gagauzians</a> (0.7%), 1,791 Poles (0.3%), 1,259 <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> (0.2%), 507 <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> (0.1%) and 27,454 others (4.9%).<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Of these, 439,243 lived in Transnistria itself, and 116,104 lived in localities controlled by the PMR government, but formally belonging to other districts of Moldova: the city of Bender (Tighina), the communes of Proteagailovca, Gîsca, Chițcani, Cremenciug, and the village of Roghi of commune Molovata Nouă. Moldovans were the largest ethnic group, representing an overall majority in the two districts in the central Transnistria (Dubăsari District, 50.2%, and Grigoriopol District, 64.8%) a 47.8% relative majority in the northern Camenca District, and a 41.5% relative majority in the southern (Slobozia District). In Rîbnița District they were a 29.9% minority, and in the city of Tiraspol, they constituted a 15.2% minority of the population. As per last census, Russians were the second largest ethnic group, representing a 41.6% relative majority in the city of Tiraspol, a 24.1% minority in Slobozia, a 19.0% minority in Dubăsari, a 17.2% minority in Râbnița, a 15.3% minority in Grigoriopol, and a 6.9% minority in Camenca. Ukrainians were the third largest ethnic group, representing a 45.41% relative majority in the northern Rîbnița District, a 42.6% minority in Camenca, a 33.0% minority in Tiraspol, a 28.3% minority in Dubăsari, a 23.4% minority in Slobozia, and a 17.4% minority in Grigoriopol. A substantial number of Poles clustered in northern Transnistria were <a href="/wiki/Ukrainianisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainianisation">Ukrainianised</a> during Soviet rule. Bulgarians were the fourth largest ethnic group in Transnistria, albeit much less numerous than the three larger ethnicities. Most Bulgarians in Transnistria are <a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_Bulgarians" title="Bessarabian Bulgarians">Bessarabian Bulgarians</a>, descendants of expatriates who settled in Bessarabia in the 18th–19th century. The major centre of Bulgarians in Transnistria is the large village of <a href="/wiki/Parcani,_Transnistria" title="Parcani, Transnistria">Parcani</a> (situated between the cities of Tiraspol and Bender), which had an absolute Bulgarian majority and a total population of around 10,000. In Bender (Tighina) and the other non-<a href="/wiki/Transnistria_(geographical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transnistria (geographical region)">Transnistria</a> localities under PMR control, ethnic Russians represented a 43.4% relative majority, followed by Moldovans at 26.2%, Ukrainians at 17.1%, Bulgarians at 2.9%, Gagauzians at 1.0%, Jews at 0.3%, Poles at 0.2%, Roma at 0.1%, and others at 7.8%. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1989_census">1989 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1989 census">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1989_Transnistrian_census" title="1989 Transnistrian census">1989 Transnistrian census</a></div> At the <a href="/wiki/1989_Transnistrian_census" title="1989 Transnistrian census">census of 1989</a>, the population was 679,000 (including all the localities in the security zone, even those under Moldovan control). The ethnic composition of the region has <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Transnistria" title="Demographic history of Transnistria">been unstable in recent history</a>, with the most notable change being the decreasing share of Moldovan and Jewish population segments and increase of the Russian. For example, the percentage of Russians grew from 13.7% in 1926 to 25.5% in 1989 and further to 30.4% in 2004, while the Moldovan population decreased from 44.1% in 1926 to 39.9% in 1989 and 31.9% in 2004. Only the proportion of Ukrainians remained reasonably stable – 27.2% in 1926, 28.3% in 1989 and 28.8% in 2004. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Transnistria <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">State Statistics Service of Pridnestrovie<a href="#cite_note-2015census-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Transnistria">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Transnistria">District</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tiraspol"><img alt="Tiraspol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/120px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/180px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/240px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="851" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> <a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bender"><img alt="Bender" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/120px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/180px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg/240px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_1_-_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="792" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">129,367 (2015 census) </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Rybnitsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rîbnița"><img alt="Rîbnița" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rybnitsa.jpg/120px-Rybnitsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rybnitsa.jpg/180px-Rybnitsa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rybnitsa.jpg/240px-Rybnitsa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba" title="Rîbnița">Rîbnița</a> <a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dubăsari"><img alt="Dubăsari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg/120px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg/240px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1986" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender, Moldova</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">91,197 (2015 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba" title="Rîbnița">Rîbnița</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba_District" title="Rîbnița District">Rîbnița District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,000 (2015 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari_District" title="Dubăsari District">Dubăsari District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,650 (2004 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slobozia,_Moldova" title="Slobozia, Moldova">Slobozia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slobozia_District" title="Slobozia District">Slobozia District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,062 (2004 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dnestrovsc" title="Dnestrovsc">Dnestrovsc</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slobozia_District" title="Slobozia District">Slobozia District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,000 (2015 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Camenca" title="Camenca">Camenca</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Camenca_District" title="Camenca District">Camenca District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,323 (2004 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol" title="Grigoriopol">Grigoriopol</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol_District" title="Grigoriopol District">Grigoriopol District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,252 (2004 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sucleia" title="Sucleia">Sucleia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slobozia_District" title="Slobozia District">Slobozia District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,001 (2004 census) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Parcani,_Transnistria" title="Parcani, Transnistria">Parcani</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slobozia_District" title="Slobozia District">Slobozia District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><8,000 (2004 census) </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Transnistria" title="Religion in Transnistria">Religion in Transnistria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._(15097599816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._%2815097599816%29.jpg/220px-Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._%2815097599816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._%2815097599816%29.jpg/330px-Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._%2815097599816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._%2815097599816%29.jpg/440px-Noul_Neamts_monastery_is_located_5_km_from_Tiraspol_city_in_the_village_of_Chitcani._%2815097599816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Noul_Neam%C8%9B_Monastery" title="Noul Neamț Monastery">Noul Neamț Monastery</a></figcaption></figure> PMR official statistics show that 92% of the Transnistrian population adhere to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a>, with 4% adhering to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Roman Catholics are mainly located in northern Transnistria, where a notable <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> minority lives.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Transnistria's government has supported the restoration and construction of new Orthodox churches. It affirms that the republic has <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> and states that 114 religious beliefs and congregations are officially registered. However, as recently as 2005, registration hurdles were met with by some religious groups, notably the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> In 2007, the US-based <a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">Christian Broadcasting Network</a> denounced the persecution of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> in Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> Transnistria has a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a>. Following a large scale <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> process in the late 1990s,<a href="#cite_note-icg-150">[147]</a> most of the companies in Transnistria are now privately owned. The economy is based on a mix of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> (steel production), electricity production, and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> (textile production), which together account for about 80% of the total industrial output.<a href="#cite_note-viitorul-151">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_(PRB).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_%28PRB%29.jpg/220px-Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_%28PRB%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_%28PRB%29.jpg/330px-Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_%28PRB%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_%28PRB%29.jpg/440px-Pridnestrovian_Republican_Bank_%28PRB%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Transnistria's central bank, the Transnistrian Republican Bank</figcaption></figure> Transnistria has its own central bank, the <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_Republican_Bank" title="Transnistrian Republican Bank">Transnistrian Republican Bank</a>, which issues its national currency, the <a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Transnistrian ruble</a>. It is convertible at a freely floating exchange rate but only in Transnistria. Transnistria's economy is frequently described as dependent on <a href="/wiki/Contraband" title="Contraband">contraband</a><a href="#cite_note-An_illegal_business-152">[149]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunrunning" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunrunning">gunrunning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ющенко-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hotbed-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Приднестровье_самоизолировалось-155">[152]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Some commentators, including <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a>, have even labelled it a <a href="/wiki/Mafia_state" title="Mafia state">mafia state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> These allegations are denied by the Transnistrian government, and sometimes downplayed by the officials of Russia and Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_history">Economic history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economic history">edit</a>]</div> After World War II, Transnistria was heavily industrialised, to the point that, in 1990, it was responsible for 40% of Moldova's GDP and 90% of its electricity,<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> although it accounted for only 17% of Moldova's population. After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a>, Transnistria wanted to return to a "Brezhnev-style <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> However, several years later, it decided to head toward a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, capital of Transnistria</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Macroeconomics">edit</a>]</div> According to the government of Transnistria, the 2007 GDP was 6789 mln ruble (appx US$799 million) and the GDP per capita was about US$1,500. The GDP increased by 11.1% and inflation rate was 19.3% with the GDP per capita being $2,140, higher than the contemporaneous Moldovan GDP per capita of $2,040.<a href="#cite_note-stat2007-161">[158]</a> Transnistria's government budget for 2007 was US$246 million, with an estimated deficit of about US$100 million<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> that the government planned to cover with income from privatisations.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> The budget for 2008 is US$331 million, with an estimated deficit of about US$80 million.<a href="#cite_note-nr2-164">[161]</a> In 2004, Transnistria had debts of US$1.2 billion (two-thirds are with Russia) that was per capita about six times higher than in Moldova (without Transnistria).<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> In March 2007 the debt to <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a> for the acquisition of natural gas increased to US$1.3 billion. On 22 March 2007 Gazprom sold Transnistria's gas debt to the Russian businessman <a href="/wiki/Alisher_Usmanov" title="Alisher Usmanov">Alisher Usmanov</a>, who controls <a href="/wiki/Moldova_Steel_Works" title="Moldova Steel Works">Moldova Steel Works</a>, the largest enterprise in Transnistria. Transnistria's president Igor Smirnov announced that Transnistria will not pay its gas debt because "Transnistria has no legal debt to Gazprom".<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64 billion.<a href="#cite_note-nr2-164">[161]</a> In the first half of 2023 the economic situation worsened with imports increasing 12% to $1.32 billion and exports falling by 10% to just $346m, the trade deficit of $970m, almost equal to the GDP of Transnistria in the whole of 2021, being financed by the non-payment of natural gas supplies from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-int18-168">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_trade">External trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External trade">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, the Transnistrian Customs reported exports of US$633.1 million and imports of US$1,052.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In the early 2000s over 50% of the export went to the CIS, mainly to Russia, but also to Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova (which Transnistrian authorities consider foreign).<a href="#cite_note-icg-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-viitorul-151">[148]</a> Main non-CIS markets for the Transnistrian goods were Italy, Egypt, Greece, Romania, and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-icg-150">[147]</a> The CIS accounted for over 60% of the imports, while the share of the EU was about 23%. The main imports were non-precious metals, food products, and electricity. After Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014, Transnistria – being claimed as part of Moldova – enjoyed the tariff-free exports to the EU. As a result, in 2015, 27% of Transnistria's US$189 million exports went to the EU, while exports to Russia went down to 7.7%. This shift towards the EU market continued to grow in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> From March 2022, with the Ukrainian border closed to Transnistria, all trade goods to and from Transnistria have needed to flow through Moldova, Transnistria now has to comply with Moldovan and EU standards when exporting products.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> Transnistria reported on trade in the first half of 2023. 48% of exports were to the rest of Moldova, over 33% went to the EU and 9% to Russia. 68% of imports came from Russia, 14% from the EU and 7% from Moldova.<a href="#cite_note-int18-168">[165]</a> In 2024 as a result of the free trade agreement between Moldova and the European Union, from which Transnistria also benefits, Moldova decided that imports/exports to/from Transnistria should be treated the same as imports/exports to/from Moldova, accordingly Transnistria importers wishing to import from/through Moldova must register and may, depending on the goods, be subject to taxes on imported goods, payable to Moldova.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_sectors">Economic sectors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economic sectors">edit</a>]</div> The leading industry is steel, due to the Moldova Steel Works (part of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Metalloinvest" title="Metalloinvest">Metalloinvest</a> holding) in Rîbnița, which accounts for about 60% of the budget revenue of Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-msca-103">[100]</a> The largest company in the textile industry is <a href="/wiki/Tirotex" title="Tirotex">Tirotex</a>, which claims to be the second largest textile company in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> The energy sector is dominated by Russian companies. The largest power company Moldavskaya GRES (<a href="/wiki/Cuciurgan_power_station" title="Cuciurgan power station">Cuciurgan power station</a>) is in <a href="/wiki/Dnestrovsc" title="Dnestrovsc">Dnestrovsc</a> and owned by <a href="/wiki/Inter_RAO" title="Inter RAO">Inter RAO</a> UES,<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> and the gas transmission and distribution company <a href="/wiki/Tiraspoltransgas" title="Tiraspoltransgas">Tiraspoltransgas</a> is probably controlled by Gazprom, although Gazprom has not confirmed the ownership officially. The banking sector of Transnistria consists of 8 commercial banks, including <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank_(Transnistria)" title="Gazprombank (Transnistria)">Gazprombank</a>. The oldest alcohol producer <a href="/wiki/KVINT" title="KVINT">KVINT</a>, located in Tiraspol, produces and exports brandy, wines and vodka. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> Transnistria has kept to the Russian educational standards, mainly using the Russian curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-clin922-175">[172]</a> Higher education diplomas issued by Transnistrian authorities are not recognised by most countries, resulting in graduates being unable to obtain well-paid jobs in Moldova or Western countries, leaving Russia as the default location for students and graduates.<a href="#cite_note-clin922-175">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Human rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Transnistria" title="Human rights in Transnistria">Human rights in Transnistria</a></div> The human rights record of the Transnistrian authorities has been criticised by several governments and international organisations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] The 2007 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World" title="Freedom in the World">Freedom in the World</a> report, published by the U.S.-based <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, described it as a "non-free" territory, having an equally bad situation in both political rights and civil liberties.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> According to a 2006 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> report:<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The right of citizens to change their government was restricted ... Authorities reportedly continued to use torture and <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">arbitrary arrest and detention</a> ... In Transnistria authorities limited freedom of speech and of the press ... Authorities usually did not permit free assembly ... In the separatist region of Transnistria the authorities continued to deny registration and harassed a number of minority religious groups ... The separatist region remained a significant source and transit area for trafficking in persons ... </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: LGBT rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Transnistria">LGBT rights in Transnistria</a></div> Transnistria does not recognize same-sex unions. The Code of Marriage and Family that came into force in 2002 states that marriage is a voluntary marital union between a man and a woman. The code does not recognize other types of partnership for both opposite-sex and same-sex couples other than marriage.<a href="#cite_note-euronews-178">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass media of Transnistria">Mass media of Transnistria</a></div> There is a regular mix of modern news media in Transnistria with a number of television stations, newspapers, and radio stations. According to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) the media climate in Transnistria is restrictive and the authorities continue a long-standing campaign to silence independent opposition voices and groups.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> According to a US Department of State report for 2006, "Both of the region's major newspapers were controlled by the authorities. There was one independent weekly newspaper in Bender and another in the northern city of Rîbnița ... Separatist authorities harassed independent newspapers for critical reporting of the Transnistrian regime ... Most television and radio stations and print publication were controlled by Transnistrian authorities, which largely dictated their editorial policies and finance operations. Some broadcast networks, such as the TSV television station and the INTER-FM radio station, were owned by Transnistria's largest monopoly, <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_(company)" title="Sheriff (company)">Sheriff</a>, which also holds a majority in the region's legislature ... In July 2005 the Transnistrian Supreme Council amended the election code to prohibit media controlled by the Transnistrian authorities from publishing results of polls and forecasts related to elections."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-180">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian-language_schools">Romanian-language schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Romanian-language schools">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG/220px-SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG/330px-SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG/440px-SignInMoldovanCyrillic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Welcome (Bine ați venit!) sign in <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Cyrillic">Moldovan Cyrillic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>. The Cyrillic alphabet was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> in 1989 in Moldova, but remains in use in Transnistria.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romanian-language_schools_in_Transnistria" title="Romanian-language schools in Transnistria">Romanian-language schools in Transnistria</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Anti-Romanian sentiment</a></div> <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">Public education</a> in the Romanian language (officially called Moldovan language in Transnistria) is done using the Soviet-originated Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet. The usage of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> was restricted to only six schools. <a href="/wiki/Romanian-language_schools_in_Transnistria" title="Romanian-language schools in Transnistria">Four of these schools</a> were forcibly closed by the authorities, for alleged refusal of the schools to apply for official accreditation.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> These schools were later registered as private schools and reopened, a development which may have been accelerated by pressure from the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> The OSCE mission to Moldova has urged local authorities in the Transnistrian city of Rîbnița to return a confiscated building to the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">Moldovan Latin</a> script school in the city. The unfinished building was nearing completion in 2004 when Transnistria took control of it during that year's school crisis.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> In November 2005 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Iovcev" title="Ion Iovcev">Ion Iovcev</a>, the principal of a Romanian-language school in Transnistria and active advocate for human rights as well as a critic of the Transnistrian leadership, received threatening calls that he attributed to his criticism of the separatist regime.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-180">[177]</a> In August 2021, the Transnistrian government refused to register the Lucian Blaga High School at Tiraspol and forced it to suspend its activities for three months, which will affect the school year of the students of the school and constitutes a violation of several articles of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms_control_and_disarmament">Arms control and disarmament</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Arms control and disarmament">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Transnistria" title="Crime in Transnistria">Crime in Transnistria</a></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">collapse of the former Soviet Union</a>, the Russian 14th Army left 40,000 tons of weaponry and ammunition in Transnistria. In later years there were concerns[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] that the Transnistrian authorities would try to sell these stocks internationally, and intense pressure was applied to have these removed by Russia. In 2000 and 2001, Russia withdrew by rail 141 self-propelled artillery pieces and other armoured vehicles and locally destroyed 108 <a href="/wiki/T-64_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="T-64 tank">T-64 tanks</a> and 139 other pieces of military equipment limited by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE). During 2002 and 2003 Russian military officials destroyed a further 51 armoured vehicles, all of which were types not limited by the CFE Treaty. The OSCE also observed and verified the withdrawal of 48 trains with military equipment and ammunition in 2003. However, no further withdrawal activities have taken place since March 2004 and a further 20,000 tons of ammunition, as well as some remaining military equipment, are still to be removed. In the autumn of 2006, the Transnistrian leadership agreed to let an OSCE inspectorate examine the munitions and further access was agreed moving forward. Recent weapons inspections were permitted by Transnistria and conducted by the OSCE. The onus of responsibility rests on Russia to remove the rest of the supplies. Transnistrian authorities declared that they are not involved in the manufacture or export of weapons. OSCE and European Union officials stated in 2005 that there is no evidence that Transnistria "has ever trafficked arms or nuclear material" and much of the alarm is due to the Moldovan government's attempts to pressure Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-feg-185">[182]</a> In 2007, foreign experts working on behalf of the United Nations said that the historically low levels of transparency and continued denial of full investigations to international monitors have reinforced negative perceptions of the Transnistrian government, although recent co-operation by Transnistrian authorities may have reflected a shift in the attitude of Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-seesac-186">[183]</a> Their report stated that the evidence for the illicit production and <a href="/wiki/Trafficking_of_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafficking of weapons">trafficking of weapons</a> into and from Transnistria, has in the past been exaggerated, although the trafficking of light weapons is likely to have occurred before 2001 (the last year when export data showed US$900,000 worth of 'weapons, munitions, their parts and accessories' exported from Transnistria). The report also states that the same holds true for the production of such weapons, which is likely to have been carried out in the 1990s, primarily to equip Transnistrian forces. The OSCE mission spokesman Claus Neukirch spoke about this situation: "There is often talk about sale of armaments from Transnistria, but there is no convincing evidence".<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kryzhanivsky" title="Viktor Kryzhanivsky">Viktor Kryzhanivsky</a>, Ukraine's special envoy on Transnistria, stated that there was no ongoing <a href="/wiki/Arms_trafficking" title="Arms trafficking">arms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug trafficking">drug trafficking</a> through the Transnistrian section of the Ukrainian-Moldovan border at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Спецпредставитель_Украины-188">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> Transnistria is notable for being home to the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Tiraspol" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriff Tiraspol">Sheriff Tiraspol</a> football club, which in <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_UEFA_Champions_League" title="2021–22 UEFA Champions League">2021</a> became the first team representing Moldova to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> group stage.<a href="#cite_note-USA_TODAY_2021-189">[186]</a> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a> blocked Sheriff from playing home games in Transnistria.<a href="#cite_note-Ali_2022-190">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/32px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/48px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/64px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Moldova" title="Portal:Moldova">Moldova portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:USSR">USSR portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Europe" title="List of active separatist movements in Europe">List of active separatist movements in Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Transnistria adopted a white-blue-red tricolor flag in 2017, which is almost identical to the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">flag of Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> but with an aspect ratio of 1:2 instead of 2:3. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> It is a matter of <a href="/wiki/Controversy_over_ethnic_and_linguistic_identity_in_Moldova" title="Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova">controversy</a> whether Moldovans are the same as Romanians or a distinct ethnic group. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> For other names, see the <a href="#Toponymy">toponymy section</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20170412/1492102043.html">"В ПМР российский флаг разрешили использовать наравне с государственным"</a> (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 12 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%81+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20170412%2F1492102043.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmoltczyk2014" class="citation news cs1">Smoltczyk, Alexander (24 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/transnistria-soviet-leftover-or-russian-foothold-in-europe-a-965801.html">"Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation"</a>. Der Spiegel. Retrieved 25 November 2018. <q>The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Hopes+Rise+in+Transnistria+of+a+Russian+Annexation&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft.aulast=Smoltczyk&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2Ftransnistria-soviet-leftover-or-russian-foothold-in-europe-a-965801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE2011-4"><a href="#cite_ref-OSCE2011_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/pc/81039?download=true">"On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a>. 14 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+situation+of+Russian+schools+in+Moldova&rft.pub=OSCE&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fpc%2F81039%3Fdownload%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Law_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_on_the_Functioning_of_Languages_on_the_Territory_of_the_Moldavian_SSR-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Law_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_on_the_Functioning_of_Languages_on_the_Territory_of_the_Moldavian_SSR_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921034927/http://usefoundation.org/view/436">"Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR"</a>. U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usefoundation.org/view/436">the original</a> on 21 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+of+the+Moldavian+Soviet+Socialist+Republic+on+the+Functioning+of+Languages+on+the+Territory+of+the+Moldavian+SSR&rft.pub=U.S.+English+Foundation+Research&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusefoundation.org%2Fview%2F436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KOR-6"><a href="#cite_ref-KOR_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korrespondent.net/world/1539496-russkij-yazyk-v-moldove-mozhet-poteryat-svoj-status">"Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)"</a>. KORRESPONDENT. 6 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+language+in+Moldova+could+lose+their+status+%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%29&rft.pub=KORRESPONDENT&rft.date=2013-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkorrespondent.net%2Fworld%2F1539496-russkij-yazyk-v-moldove-mozhet-poteryat-svoj-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki", Dnestrovskaia pravda, 6 November 1991, 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gov.md/ro/content/peste-358-mii-de-locuitori-din-regiunea-transnistreana-sunt-cetateni-ai-republicii-moldova">"Peste 358 mii de locuitori din Regiunea Transnistreană dețin cetățenia Republicii Moldova și peste 367 mii figurează în registrul de stat al populației"</a>. www.gov.md/ro (in Romanian). Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 17 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.md%2Fro&rft.atitle=Peste+358+mii+de+locuitori+din+Regiunea+Transnistrean%C4%83+de%C8%9Bin+cet%C4%83%C8%9Benia+Republicii+Moldova+%C8%99i+peste+367+mii+figureaz%C4%83+%C3%AEn+registrul+de+stat+al+popula%C8%9Biei&rft.date=2024-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgov.md%2Fro%2Fcontent%2Fpeste-358-mii-de-locuitori-din-regiunea-transnistreana-sunt-cetateni-ai-republicii-moldova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2015census-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2015census_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2015census_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2015census_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newspmr.com/novosti-pmr/obshhestvo/15927"><bdi lang="ru">Перепись населения ПМР</bdi></a> [Population census of PMR]. newspmr.com (in Russian). 9 March 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newspmr.com&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewspmr.com%2Fnovosti-pmr%2Fobshhestvo%2F15927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbpmr.net/data/prbvd249_1.pdf">"Макроэкономика: Динамика и структура валового внутреннего продукта в 2021 году [Macroeconomics: Dynamics and structure of GDP in 2021] / Nr.2/249 - pg.3 (2022)"</a> (PDF). www.cbpmr.net. Приднестровский Республиканский Банк [Pridnestrovian Republican Bank]. Retrieved 30 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbpmr.net&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2+2021+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%5BMacroeconomics%3A+Dynamics+and+structure+of+GDP+in+2021%5D+%2F+Nr.2%2F249+-+pg.3+%282022%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbpmr.net%2Fdata%2Fprbvd249_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Law No. 173 from 22 July 2005 "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of Dnestr (Transnistria)": <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=313004&lang=1">Romanian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115201524/http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=313004&lang=1">Archived</a> 15 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=313004&lang=2">Russian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115201603/http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=313004&lang=2">Archived</a> 15 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120527052132/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/print_2051.html">"Moldova. territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)"</a>. CIA World Factbook. CIA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/print_2051.html">the original</a> on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Moldova.+territorial+unit%3A+Stinga+Nistrului+%28Transnistria%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2Fprint_2051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerd,_Graeme_P.Moroney,_Jennifer_D._P.2003" class="citation book cs1">Herd, Graeme P.; Moroney, Jennifer D. P. (2003). Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-29732-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-29732-X"><bdi>0-415-29732-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Security+Dynamics+in+the+Former+Soviet+Bloc&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-29732-X&rft.au=Herd%2C+Graeme+P.&rft.au=Moroney%2C+Jennifer+D.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZielonka2001" class="citation book cs1">Zielonka, Jan (2001). Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-924409-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-924409-X"><bdi>0-19-924409-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Consolidation+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-924409-X&rft.aulast=Zielonka&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/13611.pdf">"TRANSDNIESTRIAN CONFLICT"</a> (PDF). State Department. Retrieved 2 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Department&rft.atitle=TRANSDNIESTRIAN+CONFLICT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F13611.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Article 55 of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519050154/http://president.gospmr.ru/pravovye-akty/konstitutsiya-pmr/">Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Jos Boonstra, Senior Researcher, Democratisation Programme, FRIDE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fride.org/download/COM_Moldav_ENG_feb07.pdf">Moldova, Transnistria and European Democracy Policies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808112405/http://fride.org/download/COM_Moldav_ENG_feb07.pdf">Archived</a> 8 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinteregger,_GeraldHeinrich,_Hans-Georg2004" class="citation book cs1">Hinteregger, Gerald; Heinrich, Hans-Georg (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/russiacontinuity0000unse/page/174">Russia – Continuity and Change</a>. Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/russiacontinuity0000unse/page/174">174</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-211-22391-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-211-22391-6"><bdi>3-211-22391-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+%E2%80%93+Continuity+and+Change&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-211-22391-6&rft.au=Hinteregger%2C+Gerald&rft.au=Heinrich%2C+Hans-Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frussiacontinuity0000unse%2Fpage%2F174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenstiel,_FrancisLejard,_EdithBoutsavath,_JeanMartz,_Jacques2002" class="citation book cs1">Rosenstiel, Francis; Lejard, Edith; Boutsavath, Jean; Martz, Jacques (2002). Annuaire Europeen 2000/European Yearbook 2000. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-1844-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-1844-6"><bdi>90-411-1844-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+Europeen+2000%2FEuropean+Yearbook+2000&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=90-411-1844-6&rft.au=Rosenstiel%2C+Francis&rft.au=Lejard%2C+Edith&rft.au=Boutsavath%2C+Jean&rft.au=Martz%2C+Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DFSTATES-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DFSTATES_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DFSTATES_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartmann,_BarryTozun,_Bahcheli2004" class="citation book cs1">Bartmann, Barry; Tozun, Bahcheli (2004). De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5476-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5476-0"><bdi>0-7146-5476-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Facto+States%3A+The+Quest+for+Sovereignty&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7146-5476-0&rft.au=Bartmann%2C+Barry&rft.au=Tozun%2C+Bahcheli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Mission_achievementsNov07.pdf">European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016222816/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Mission_achievementsNov07.pdf">Archived</a> 16 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, November 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511022945/http://www.eubam.org/en/about/overview">"Background – EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine"</a>. Eubam.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eubam.org/en/about/overview">the original</a> on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+%E2%80%93+EU+Border+Assistance+Mission+to+Moldova+and+Ukraine&rft.pub=Eubam.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eubam.org%2Fen%2Fabout%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Der <a href="/wiki/N-tv" title="N-tv">n-tv</a> Atlas. Die Welt hinter den Nachrichten. <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a> Lexicon Institute. 2008. page 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fpc.org.uk/education-and-information-the-golden-passport-for-young-transnistrians/">"Education and Information – the golden passport for young Transnistrians"</a>. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education+and+Information+%E2%80%93+the+golden+passport+for+young+Transnistrians&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffpc.org.uk%2Feducation-and-information-the-golden-passport-for-young-transnistrians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/transnistria-russias-satellite-state-an-open-wound-in-eastern-europe/a-48942598">"Transnistria: Russia's satellite state an open wound in Eastern Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Transnistria%3A+Russia%27s+satellite+state+an+open+wound+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Ftransnistria-russias-satellite-state-an-open-wound-in-eastern-europe%2Fa-48942598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Socor" title="Vladimir Socor">Vladimir Socor</a>,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605100210/http://www.iasps.org/eng_editor/socor_show.php?lang=&main=&type=6&article_id=356">"Frozen Conflicts in the Black Sea-South Caucasus Region"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iasps.org/eng_editor/socor_show.php?lang=&main=&type=6&article_id=356">the original</a> on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frozen+Conflicts+in+the+Black+Sea-South+Caucasus+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iasps.org%2Feng_editor%2Fsocor_show.php%3Flang%3D%26main%3D%26type%3D6%26article_id%3D356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988">, IASPS Policy Briefings, 1 March 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-Абхазия,_Южная_Осетия_и_Приднестровье_признали_независимость_друг_друга_и_призвали_всех_к_этому_же-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Абхазия,_Южная_Осетия_и_Приднестровье_признали_независимость_друг_друга_и_призвали_всех_к_этому_же_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html"><bdi lang="ru">Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же</bdi></a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Newsru" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsru">Newsru</a>. 17 November 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85+%D0%BA+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B6%D0%B5&rft.pub=Newsru&rft.date=2006-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsru.com%2Frussia%2F17nov2006%2Faup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mid.gospmr.org/en/ftG">"Head of Foreign Ministry of the Republic of South Ossetia congratulated Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PMR with Sixth Anniversary of Creation of Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations"</a>. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PMR. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Head+of+Foreign+Ministry+of+the+Republic+of+South+Ossetia+congratulated+Minister+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+PMR+with+Sixth+Anniversary+of+Creation+of+Community+for+Democracy+and+Rights+of+Nations&rft.pub=The+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+PMR&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmid.gospmr.org%2Fen%2FftG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVichos" class="citation web cs1">Vichos, Ioannis F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130615070819/http://www.ekemeuroenergy.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=179:moldovas-energy-strategy-and-the-frozen-conflict-of-transnistria&catid=45:caspian-sea-black-sea-and-south-east-europe&Itemid=69">"Moldova's Energy Strategy and the 'Frozen Conflict' of Transnistria"</a>. Ekemeuroenergy.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekemeuroenergy.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=179:moldovas-energy-strategy-and-the-frozen-conflict-of-transnistria&catid=45:caspian-sea-black-sea-and-south-east-europe&Itemid=69">the original</a> on 15 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moldova%27s+Energy+Strategy+and+the+%27Frozen+Conflict%27+of+Transnistria&rft.pub=Ekemeuroenergy.org&rft.aulast=Vichos&rft.aufirst=Ioannis+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekemeuroenergy.org%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D179%3Amoldovas-energy-strategy-and-the-frozen-conflict-of-transnistria%26catid%3D45%3Acaspian-sea-black-sea-and-south-east-europe%26Itemid%3D69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Necsutu-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Necsutu_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Necsutu_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNecșuțu2022" class="citation web cs1">Necșuțu, Mădălin (16 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2022/03/16/council-of-europe-designates-transnistria-russian-occupied-territory/">"Council of Europe Designates Transnistria 'Russian Occupied Territory'"</a>. balkaninsight.com. <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Insight" title="Balkan Insight">Balkan Insight</a>. Retrieved 19 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=balkaninsight.com&rft.atitle=Council+of+Europe+Designates+Transnistria+%27Russian+Occupied+Territory%27&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.aulast=Nec%C8%99u%C8%9Bu&rft.aufirst=M%C4%83d%C4%83lin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2022%2F03%2F16%2Fcouncil-of-europe-designates-transnistria-russian-occupied-territory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/3641826.stm">Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 7 March 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/breakaway-moldovan-region-transdniester-celebrates-30-years-of-independence-/30816968.html">Breakaway Moldovan Region Of Transdniester Celebrates 30 Years Of 'Independence'</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2007/05/03/the-black-hole-that-ate-moldova">"The black hole that ate Moldova"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 3 May 2007. 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Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regnum&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%3A+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregnum.ru%2Fnews%2Fpolit%2F1480140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081401/http://gzt.md/article/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/7184/favicon.ico">"На похороны Леониды Лари правительство выделило 20 тысяч леев"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gzt.md/article/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/7184/favicon.ico">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE+20+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgzt.md%2Farticle%2F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D1%2589%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%2F7184%2Ffavicon.ico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824165028/http://www.terra.md/ru/news/moldova/sdoxla_sobaka_lari/">"Новости: Молдова: Пусть у меня будут руки по локти в крови, но я вышвырну оккупантов, пришельцев и манкуртов за Днестр"</a>. Terra. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terra.md/ru/news/moldova/sdoxla_sobaka_lari/">the original</a> on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terra&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%3A+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra.md%2Fru%2Fnews%2Fmoldova%2Fsdoxla_sobaka_lari%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbm-md.1gb.ru/news/main/sdoxla_sobaka_lari/">"Пусть у меня будут руки по локти в крови, но я вышвырну оккупантов, пришельцев и манкуртов за Днестр"</a>. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbm-md.1gb.ru%2Fnews%2Fmain%2Fsdoxla_sobaka_lari%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-mat-40"><a href="#cite_ref-mat_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://materik.ru/country/detail.php?ID=3509">"Рошка считает, что у его партии благородное и уважаемое прошлое"</a>. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%2C+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%83+%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaterik.ru%2Fcountry%2Fdetail.php%3FID%3D3509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-new-41"><a href="#cite_ref-new_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170520200116/http://enews.md/articles/view/2751/">""Немного О "Героях" Или 20 Лет По Кругу" Печальные Итоги Молдавской Независимости"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enews.md/articles/view/2751/">the original</a> on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9E+%22%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%85%22+%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8+20+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%22+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenews.md%2Farticles%2Fview%2F2751%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=313004&lang=1">"Regarding the basic provisions of the special legal status of the localities on the left side of the Dniester (Transnistria)"</a>. lex.justice.md/. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strategiya-pmr.ru/?p=1237">the original</a> on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+of+Moldovans+in+Transnistria%3A+We+have+no+grounds+to+distrust+Smirnov&rft.pub=Strategiya-pmr.ru&rft.date=2011-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategiya-pmr.ru%2F%3Fp%3D1237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2024/09/05/breakaway-moldovan-region-transnistria-bans-use-of-name-transnistria/">https://balkaninsight.com/2024/09/05/breakaway-moldovan-region-transnistria-bans-use-of-name-transnistria/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/separatist-region-of-moldova-banns-the-term-transnistria/">https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/separatist-region-of-moldova-banns-the-term-transnistria/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.vspmr.org/news/supreme-council/zapret-naimenovaniya-transnistriya-.html">https://en.vspmr.org/news/supreme-council/zapret-naimenovaniya-transnistriya-.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bessarabia">"Bessarabia region, Eastern Europe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428091423/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bessarabia">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bessarabia+region%2C+Eastern+Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBessarabia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/221.gif">"Map of Romania in 1941–1944"</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Romania+in+1941%E2%80%931944&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fterkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro%2Fkepek%2Fnetre%2F221.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallin1957" class="citation book cs1">Dallin, Alexander (1957). "Romanization". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4P5oAAAAMAAJ">Odessa, 1941–1944: A Case Study of Soviet Territory Under Foreign Rule</a>. Center for Romanian Studies. pp. 87–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9739839112" title="Special:BookSources/978-9739839112"><bdi>978-9739839112</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Romanization&rft.btitle=Odessa%2C+1941%E2%80%931944%3A+A+Case+Study+of+Soviet+Territory+Under+Foreign+Rule&rft.pages=87-90&rft.pub=Center+for+Romanian+Studies&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-9739839112&rft.aulast=Dallin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4P5oAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005472">"Romania and The Nazi-Soviet war, 1941–1944"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. 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Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vspmr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vspmr.org%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2Fzakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-sudoustroystva-i-protsessualjnogo-prava%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vspmr.org/legislation/laws/zakonodateljnie-akti-v-sfere-ugolovnogo-tamojennogo-administrativnogo-prava/">"Законодательные акты в сфере уголовного, таможенного, административного права — Верховный Cовет ПМР"</a>. www.vspmr.org. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vspmr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vspmr.org%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2Fzakonodateljnie-akti-v-sfere-ugolovnogo-tamojennogo-administrativnogo-prava%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vspmr.org/legislation/laws/zakonodateljnie-akti-v-voennoy-sfere-i-v-sfere-oboroni/">"Законодательные акты в военной сфере и в сфере обороны — Верховный Cовет ПМР"</a>. www.vspmr.org. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vspmr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%E2%80%94+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vspmr.org%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2Fzakonodateljnie-akti-v-voennoy-sfere-i-v-sfere-oboroni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vspmr.org/legislation/laws/zakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-grajdanskogo-jilischnogo-semeynogo-prava/">"Законодательные акты Приднестровской Молдавской Республики в сфере гражданского, жилищного, семейного права — Верховный Cовет ПМР"</a>. www.vspmr.org. 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Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vspmr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%94+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vspmr.org%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2Fzakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-agropromishlennogo-kompleksa-i-ekologii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vspmr.org/legislation/laws/zakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-promishlennosti-torgovli-privatizatsii-stroiteljstva-transporta-energetiki-i-svyazi/">"Законодательные акты Приднестровской Молдавской Республики в сфере промышленности, торговли, приватизации, строительства, транспорта, энергетики и связи — Верховный Cовет ПМР"</a>. www.vspmr.org. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vspmr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%2C+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8+%E2%80%94+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vspmr.org%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2Fzakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-promishlennosti-torgovli-privatizatsii-stroiteljstva-transporta-energetiki-i-svyazi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vspmr.org/legislation/laws/zakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-obrazovaniya-kuljturi-sporta-molodejnoy-politiki-sredstv-massovoy-informatsii-a-takje-v-sfere-realizatsii-politicheskih-prav-i-svobod-grajdan/">"Законодательные акты Приднестровской Молдавской Республики в сфере образования, культуры, спорта, молодежной политики, средств массовой информации, а также в сфере реализации политических прав и свобод граждан — Верховный Cовет ПМР"</a>. www.vspmr.org. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vspmr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%2C+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%2C+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD+%E2%80%94+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9F%D0%9C%D0%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vspmr.org%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2Fzakonodateljnie-akti-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respubliki-v-sfere-obrazovaniya-kuljturi-sporta-molodejnoy-politiki-sredstv-massovoy-informatsii-a-takje-v-sfere-realizatsii-politicheskih-prav-i-svobod-grajdan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vspmr.org/legislation/laws/gosudarstvennie-programmi-gosudarstvennie-tselevie-programmi/">"Государственные программы, государственные целевые программы — Верховный Cовет ПМР"</a>. www.vspmr.org. 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Retrieved 7 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=km.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B&rft.date=2008-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.km.ru%2Fmagazin%2Fview.asp%3Fid%3DB5A90475FA6B4800A679D5F28F31C354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-armed2-139"><a href="#cite_ref-armed2_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091104073203/http://pridnestrovie.net/armedforces.html">"Law enforcement and armed forces of Pridnestrovie"</a>. Pridnestrovie.net. 27 September 2007. 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Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PMR+Customs&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcustoms.gospmr.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F01%2Fpokazateli-statistiki-vneshney-torgovli-v-2020-godu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/node/78636">"Moldova: Separatist Transnistria Region Reorienting Trade from Russia to EU"</a> EurasiaNet, 4 May 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/what-you-need-to-know-about-transnistria/">"What you need to know about Transnistria"</a>. 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+you+need+to+know+about+Transnistria&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fodr%2Fwhat-you-need-to-know-about-transnistria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2024/01/05/moldova-tells-companies-in-breakaway-transnistria-time-to-pay-taxes/">"Moldova Tells Companies in Breakaway Transnistria: Time to Pay Taxes"</a>. 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moldova+Tells+Companies+in+Breakaway+Transnistria%3A+Time+to+Pay+Taxes&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2024%2F01%2F05%2Fmoldova-tells-companies-in-breakaway-transnistria-time-to-pay-taxes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205120232/http://www.tirotex.com/index.htm">"Tirotex official website"</a>. Tirotex.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirotex.com/index.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tirotex+official+website&rft.pub=Tirotex.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirotex.com%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interrao.ru/_upload/editor_files/file0014.pdf">"Annual Report of Inter RAO UES"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 30 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+Inter+RAO+UES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interrao.ru%2F_upload%2Feditor_files%2Ffile0014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-clin922-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clin922_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-clin922_175-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2022/walking-the-tightrope-towards-the-eu/3-transnistria-stuck-in-the-middle-without-eu/">"Transnistria: stuck in the middle without EU"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/moldova/43605">the original</a> on 28 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OSCE+%E2%80%93+Media+in+Transdniestria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmoldova%2F43605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_180-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> report for 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olvia.idknet.com/news15-07-04.htm">Statement by the Ministry of Education, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, on the question of children's educational rights insurance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160228110016/http://www.olvia.idknet.com/news15-07-04.htm">Archived</a> 28 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olvia-Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olvia-Press (page does not exist)">Olvia-Press</a> 15 July 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623160752/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/ChildrenHRDecember2005.pdf">"Several Transnistrian officials were banned from traveling through EU"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/ChildrenHRDecember2005.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Several+Transnistrian+officials+were+banned+from+traveling+through+EU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fuedocs%2FcmsUpload%2FChildrenHRDecember2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415064116/http://www.osce.org/moldova/47949">"Russian version"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/moldova/47949">the original</a> on 15 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+version&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fmoldova%2F47949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-24962439-singurul-liceu-predare-limba-romana-din-tiraspol-fortat-isi-suspende-activitatea-pentru-3-luni.htm">"Singurul liceu cu predare în limba română din Tiraspol, forțat să își suspende activitatea pentru 3 luni"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HotNews" title="HotNews">HotNews</a> (in Romanian). 6 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HotNews&rft.atitle=Singurul+liceu+cu+predare+%C3%AEn+limba+rom%C3%A2n%C4%83+din+Tiraspol%2C+for%C8%9Bat+s%C4%83+%C3%AE%C8%99i+suspende+activitatea+pentru+3+luni&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-esential-24962439-singurul-liceu-predare-limba-romana-din-tiraspol-fortat-isi-suspende-activitatea-pentru-3-luni.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-feg-185"><a href="#cite_ref-feg_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLobjakas2005" class="citation web cs1">Lobjakas, Ahto (11 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/10/05f3742a-1c2d-4e1a-a57f-0e9780549795.html">"Western Diplomats Say Reports Of Smuggling From Transdniester Likely Exaggerated"</a>. RFE/RL. Retrieved 30 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+Diplomats+Say+Reports+Of+Smuggling+From+Transdniester+Likely+Exaggerated&rft.pub=RFE%2FRL&rft.date=2005-10-11&rft.aulast=Lobjakas&rft.aufirst=Ahto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Ffeaturesarticle%2F2005%2F10%2F05f3742a-1c2d-4e1a-a57f-0e9780549795.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-seesac-186"><a href="#cite_ref-seesac_186-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/211">UNDP: 2006 Small arms and light weapons survey of Moldova</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523091733/http://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/view-resource/211">Archived</a> 23 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SEESAC 1 July 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-7728-014-6" title="Special:BookSources/86-7728-014-6">86-7728-014-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> Conflict Studies Research Centre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/cee/05(07)-GPH.pdf">Moldova & The Dniestr Region: Contested Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures?</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626204456/http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/cee/05%2807%29-GPH.pdf">Archived</a> 26 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Graeme P. Herd. </li> <li id="cite_note-Спецпредставитель_Украины-188"><a href="#cite_ref-Спецпредставитель_Украины_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKravchenko,_Vladimir2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kravchenko, Vladimir (19 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081441/http://gazeta.zn.ua/POLITICS/spetspredstavitel_ukrainy_zayavleniya_moldovy_o_tranzite_narkotikov_i_oruzhiya_cherez_pridnestrovie_.html"><bdi lang="ru">Спецпредставитель Украины: Заявления Молдовы о транзите наркотиков и оружия через Приднестровье – безосновательны</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Zerkalo_Nedeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerkalo Nedeli">Zerkalo Nedeli</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.zn.ua/POLITICS/spetspredstavitel_ukrainy_zayavleniya_moldovy_o_tranzite_narkotikov_i_oruzhiya_cherez_pridnestrovie_.html">the original</a> on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zerkalo+Nedeli&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D0%BE+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5+%E2%80%93+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2010-03-19&rft.au=Kravchenko%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.zn.ua%2FPOLITICS%2Fspetspredstavitel_ukrainy_zayavleniya_moldovy_o_tranzite_narkotikov_i_oruzhiya_cherez_pridnestrovie_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_TODAY_2021-189"><a href="#cite_ref-USA_TODAY_2021_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2021/08/25/moldovas-lowly-sheriff-advances-to-champions-league-groups/48766299/">"Sheriff becomes 1st Moldovan club to reach Champions League"</a>. USA TODAY. 25 August 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Sheriff+becomes+1st+Moldovan+club+to+reach+Champions+League&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2F2021%2F08%2F25%2Fmoldovas-lowly-sheriff-advances-to-champions-league-groups%2F48766299%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_2022-190"><a href="#cite_ref-Ali_2022_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIveson2022" class="citation web cs1">Iveson, Ali (25 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1124905/transnistria">"UEFA blocks matches being played in breakaway Moldovan region Transnistria"</a>. insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 5 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=insidethegames.biz&rft.atitle=UEFA+blocks+matches+being+played+in+breakaway+Moldovan+region+Transnistria&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft.aulast=Iveson&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidethegames.biz%2Farticles%2F1124905%2Ftransnistria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransnistria" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Beyer, John, and Stefan Wolff. "Linkage and leverage effects on Moldova's Transnistria problem." East European Politics 32.3 (2016): 335–354 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21599165.2015.1124092">online</a>.</li> <li>Blakkisrud, Helge, and Pål Kolstø. "From secessionist conflict toward a functioning state: processes of state-and nation-building in Transnistria." Post-Soviet Affairs 27.2 (2011): 178–210 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/59478168/Post-Soviet_Affairs_Blakkisrud___Kolsto_PMR_from_secessionist20190601-116312-ykxnkt.pdf">online</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍].</li> <li>Cojocaru, Natalia. "Nationalism and identity in Transnistria." Innovation 19.3–4 (2006): 261–272 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads/13511610601029813.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419213305/https://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads/13511610601029813.pdf">Archived</a> 19 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Lucas, Edward. (May 3, 2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2007/05/03/the-black-hole-that-ate-moldova">The black hole that ate Moldova</a>. The Economist. Retrieved January 17, 2023.</li> <li>Lynch, Dov. Russian peacekeeping strategies in the CIS: the case of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan (Springer, 1999).</li> <li>Maksymiuk, J. (September 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/1071378.html">Transdniester Conflict: Long in the making</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.</li> <li>Protsyk, Oleh. "Representation and democracy in Eurasia's unrecognized states: The case of Transnistria." Post-Soviet Affairs 25.3 (2009): 257–281 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policy.hu/protsyk/Publications/Articles/PSATrans09.pdf">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistria&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_and_localities_of_Transnistria_(Moldova)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> (capital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:TransnistrianRegionMap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Moldova highlighting Transnistria"><img alt="Map of Moldova highlighting Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/TransnistrianRegionMap.png/150px-TransnistrianRegionMap.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/TransnistrianRegionMap.png/225px-TransnistrianRegionMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/TransnistrianRegionMap.png/300px-TransnistrianRegionMap.png 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="374" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Moldova">Cities and towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camenca" title="Camenca">Camenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasnoe" title="Crasnoe">Crasnoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnestrovsc" title="Dnestrovsc">Dnestrovsc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol" title="Grigoriopol">Grigoriopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiac" title="Maiac">Maiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba" title="Rîbnița">Rîbnița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobozia,_Moldova" title="Slobozia, Moldova">Slobozia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspolul_Nou" title="Tiraspolul Nou">Tiraspolul Nou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Moldova" title="Communes of Moldova">Communes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreevca" title="Andreevca">Andreevca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloci" title="Beloci">Beloci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%AEcioc" title="Bîcioc">Bîcioc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blijnii_Hutor" title="Blijnii Hutor">Blijnii Hutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bro%C8%99teni,_Transnistria" title="Broșteni, Transnistria">Broșteni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butor,_Transnistria" title="Butor, Transnistria">Butor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butuceni" title="Butuceni">Butuceni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraga%C8%99" title="Caragaș">Caragaș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterinovca" title="Caterinovca">Caterinovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmanova" title="Carmanova">Carmanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cioburciu,_Transnistria" title="Cioburciu, Transnistria">Cioburciu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobasna" title="Cobasna">Cobasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosova" title="Colosova">Colosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comisarovca_Nou%C4%83" title="Comisarovca Nouă">Comisarovca Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corotna" title="Corotna">Corotna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasnencoe" title="Crasnencoe">Crasnencoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Octeabri" title="Crasnîi Octeabri">Crasnîi Octeabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Vinogradari" title="Crasnîi Vinogradari">Crasnîi Vinogradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasnogorca" title="Crasnogorca">Crasnogorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzmin" title="Cuzmin">Cuzmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delac%C4%83u,_Transnistria" title="Delacău, Transnistria">Delacău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doibani_I" title="Doibani I">Doibani I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83u" title="Dubău">Dubău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzerjinscoe" title="Dzerjinscoe">Dzerjinscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Frunză</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghidirim" title="Ghidirim">Ghidirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goian,_Transnistria" title="Goian, Transnistria">Goian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraba" title="Haraba">Haraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harma%C8%9Bca" title="Harmațca">Harmațca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErj%C4%83u" title="Hîrjău">Hîrjău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErtop,_Transnistria" title="Hîrtop, Transnistria">Hîrtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinaia,_Grigoriopol,_Transnistria" title="Hlinaia, Grigoriopol, Transnistria">Hlinaia, Grigoriopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinaia,_Slobozia,_Transnistria" title="Hlinaia, Slobozia, Transnistria">Hlinaia, Slobozia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristovaia" title="Hristovaia">Hristovaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hru%C8%99ca" title="Hrușca">Hrușca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura,_Transnistria" title="Jura, Transnistria">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin,_Transnistria" title="Lenin, Transnistria">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunga,_Transnistria" title="Lunga, Transnistria">Lunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83l%C4%83ie%C8%99ti,_Transnistria" title="Mălăiești, Transnistria">Mălăiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihailovca,_Transnistria" title="Mihailovca, Transnistria">Mihailovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocra" title="Mocra">Mocra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molochi%C8%99ul_Mare" title="Molochișul Mare">Molochișul Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nezavertailovca" title="Nezavertailovca">Nezavertailovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocni%C8%9Ba,_Transnistria" title="Ocnița, Transnistria">Ocnița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatin%C8%9Bi" title="Ofatinți">Ofatinți</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parcani,_Transnistria" title="Parcani, Transnistria">Parcani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervomaisc,_Transnistria" title="Pervomaisc, Transnistria">Pervomaisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plopi,_Transnistria" title="Plopi, Transnistria">Plopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podoima" title="Podoima">Podoima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popencu" title="Popencu">Popencu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%99cov" title="Rașcov">Rașcov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotari,_Transnistria" title="Rotari, Transnistria">Rotari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severinovca" title="Severinovca">Severinovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobozia-Ra%C8%99cov" title="Slobozia-Rașcov">Slobozia-Rașcov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovetscoe" title="Sovetscoe">Sovetscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speia,_Transnistria" title="Speia, Transnistria">Speia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroie%C8%99ti,_Transnistria" title="Stroiești, Transnistria">Stroiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucleia" title="Sucleia">Sucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98ipca,_Transnistria" title="Șipca, Transnistria">Șipca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C8%99l%C3%AEc" title="Tașlîc">Tașlîc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiu,_Transnistria" title="Teiu, Transnistria">Teiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AErnauca" title="Tîrnauca">Tîrnauca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C3%AEbuleuca" title="Țîbuleuca">Țîbuleuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmu,_Transnistria" title="Ulmu, Transnistria">Ulmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadul_Turcului" title="Vadul Turcului">Vadul Turcului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valea_Ad%C3%AEnc%C4%83" title="Valea Adîncă">Valea Adîncă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83r%C4%83nc%C4%83u,_Transnistria" title="Vărăncău, Transnistria">Vărăncău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinogradnoe" title="Vinogradnoe">Vinogradnoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirovca" title="Vladimirovca">Vladimirovca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Villages</a> of sub-city or sub-commune level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camenca" title="Camenca">Solnecinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol" title="Grigoriopol">Crasnoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreevca" title="Andreevca">Pîcalova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreevca" title="Andreevca">Șmalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%AEcioc" title="Bîcioc">Novovladimirovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India,_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="India, Transnistria">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterinovca" title="Caterinovca">Sadchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmanova" title="Carmanova">Cotovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmanova" title="Carmanova">Fedoseevca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmanova" title="Carmanova">Mocearovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobasna" title="Cobasna">Suhaia Rîbnița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobasna" title="Cobasna">Cobasna, loc. st. cf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosova" title="Colosova">Crasnaia Besarabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosova" title="Colosova">Pobeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comisarovca_Nou%C4%83" title="Comisarovca Nouă">Bosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comisarovca_Nou%C4%83" title="Comisarovca Nouă">Coșnița Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comisarovca_Nou%C4%83" title="Comisarovca Nouă">Pohrebea Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasnencoe" title="Crasnencoe">Dimitrova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasnencoe" title="Crasnencoe">Ivanovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Octeabri" title="Crasnîi Octeabri">Alexandrovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Vinogradari" title="Crasnîi Vinogradari">Afanasievca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Vinogradari" title="Crasnîi Vinogradari">Alexandrovca Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Vinogradari" title="Crasnîi Vinogradari">Calinovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasn%C3%AEi_Vinogradari" title="Crasnîi Vinogradari">Lunga Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzmin" title="Cuzmin">Voitovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delac%C4%83u,_Transnistria" title="Delacău, Transnistria">Crasnaia Gorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doibani_I" title="Doibani I">Doibani I</a>I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doibani_I" title="Doibani I">Coicova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83u" title="Dubău">Goianul Nou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Andriașevca Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Andriașevca Veche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Novocotovsc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Prioziornoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Uiutnoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunz%C4%83,_Transnistria" title="Frunză, Transnistria">Novosavițcaia, loc. st. c. f.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goian,_Transnistria" title="Goian, Transnistria">Iagorlîc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErj%C4%83u" title="Hîrjău">Mihailovca Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErj%C4%83u" title="Hîrjău">Sărăței</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErtop,_Transnistria" title="Hîrtop, Transnistria">Bruslachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErtop,_Transnistria" title="Hîrtop, Transnistria">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AErtop,_Transnistria" title="Hîrtop, Transnistria">Mocreachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hru%C8%99ca" title="Hrușca">Frunzăuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin,_Transnistria" title="Lenin, Transnistria">Pervomaisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin,_Transnistria" title="Lenin, Transnistria">Pobeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin,_Transnistria" title="Lenin, Transnistria">Stanislavca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83l%C4%83ie%C8%99ti,_Transnistria" title="Mălăiești, Transnistria">Cernița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocra" title="Mocra">Basarabca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocra" title="Mocra">Șevcenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocra" title="Mocra">Zaporojeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatin%C8%9Bi" title="Ofatinți">Novaia Jizni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podoima" title="Podoima">Podoimița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popencu" title="Popencu">Chirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popencu" title="Popencu">Vladimirovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popencu" title="Popencu">Zăzuleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%9Fcov" class="mw-redirect" title="Raşcov">Iantarnoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotari,_Transnistria" title="Rotari, Transnistria">Bodeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotari,_Transnistria" title="Rotari, Transnistria">Socolovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovetscoe" title="Sovetscoe">Vasilievca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98ipca,_Transnistria" title="Șipca, Transnistria">Vesioloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiu,_Transnistria" title="Teiu, Transnistria">Tocmagiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmu,_Transnistria" title="Ulmu, Transnistria">Ulmul Mic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmu,_Transnistria" title="Ulmu, Transnistria">Lîsaia Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadul_Turcului" title="Vadul Turcului">Molochișul Mic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valea_Ad%C3%AEnc%C4%83" title="Valea Adîncă">Constantinovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83r%C4%83nc%C4%83u,_Transnistria" title="Vărăncău, Transnistria">Buschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83r%C4%83nc%C4%83u,_Transnistria" title="Vărăncău, Transnistria">Gherșunovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirovca" title="Vladimirovca">Constantinovca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimirovca" title="Vladimirovca">Nicolscoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camenca_District" title="Camenca District">Camenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari_District,_Transnistria" title="Dubăsari District, Transnistria">Dubăsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol_District" title="Grigoriopol District">Grigoriopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba_District" title="Rîbnița District">Rîbnița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobozia_District" title="Slobozia District">Slobozia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1 Unofficial in Moldova, and official in the unrecognized republic of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transnistria</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Europe" title="Template:Eastern Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Europe" title="Template talk:Eastern Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (only <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Abkhazia" title="History of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">Armenia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Armenia" title="Prehistoric Armenia">Prehistoric Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontid_dynasty#History" title="Orontid dynasty">Orontid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty#History" title="Artaxiad dynasty">Artaxiad dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia#History" title="Roman Armenia">Roman Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia#History" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia"> Arsacid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Armenia#History" title="Sasanian Armenia">Sasanian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">Medieval Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia#History" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire#Ottoman_Armenia:_1453–1829" title="Armenians in the Ottoman Empire">1453-1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenia_(1502%E2%80%931828)#History" title="Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)">1502-1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire#Ottoman_Armenia:_1829–1878" title="Armenians in the Ottoman Empire">1829-1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire#National_awakening:_1880s" title="Armenians in the Ottoman Empire">1880-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armenia" title="Russian Armenia">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia#History" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic#History" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stone_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stone Age in Azerbaijan">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Bronze and Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Middle Ages in Azerbaijan">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_repressions_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stalinist repressions in Azerbaijan">Stalinist repressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" title="Azerbaijan in World War II">World War II</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balkans" title="History of the Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belarus" title="History of Belarus">Belarus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russification_of_Belarus" title="Russification of Belarus">Russification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_history_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Belarusian history in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_repressions_in_Belarus" title="Soviet repressions in Belarus">Soviet repressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Byelorussia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II">German occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belarus" title="The Holocaust in Belarus">Holocaust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria" title="History of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom#History" title="Odrysian kingdom">Odrysian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria#History" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire#History" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Bulgaria" title="Golden Age of Bulgaria">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire#History" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria_(1878%E2%80%931946)" title="History of Bulgaria (1878–1946)">1878-1946</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria in World War II">World War II</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria_since_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bulgaria since 1989">1989-present</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caucasus" title="History of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Czech lands">Czech Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia#History" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia#History" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Duchy of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_lands_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Czech lands in the High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia#History" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown_(1526%E2%80%931648)#History" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1526–1648)">1526-1648</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown_(1648%E2%80%931867)#History" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1648–1867)">1648-1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown_(1867%E2%80%931918)#History" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867–1918)">1867-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="History of Czechoslovakia">History of Czechoslovakia</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918%E2%80%931938)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)">1918-1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">German occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia#History" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech resistance against German occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic#History" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">1945-1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)">1989-1992</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Estonia" title="History of Estonia">Estonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Estonia" title="Ancient Estonia">Ancient Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Estonia_(1219%E2%80%931346)#Danish_conquest" title="Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)">Danish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana#History" title="Terra Mariana">Terra Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_under_Swedish_rule" title="Estonia under Swedish rule">Swedish rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estophilia#Estophile_Enlightenment_Period_(1750–1840)" title="Estophilia">Estophile Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_national_awakening" title="Estonian national awakening">National awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War I">German occupation in World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Estonia_(1920%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Estonia (1920–1939)">1920-1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Estonia" title="Soviet deportations from Estonia">Soviet deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_under_Soviet_rule_(1944%E2%80%931991)" title="Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)">Soviet rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">Estonia in World War II</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">German occupation of Estonia during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Estonia" title="The Holocaust in Estonia">Holocaust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic#History" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moldova" title="History of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia" title="History of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Transnistria" title="History of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_the_Transnistria_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_the_Transnistria_conflict" title="Template:Geography of the Transnistria conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_the_Transnistria_conflict" title="Template talk:Geography of the Transnistria conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_the_Transnistria_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of the Transnistria conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_the_Transnistria_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of the <a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Moldovan control</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Transnistrian control</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern security zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocieri" title="Cocieri">Cocieri</a> (Vasilievca) 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corjova,_Dub%C4%83sari" title="Corjova, Dubăsari">Corjova</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corjova,_Dub%C4%83sari" title="Corjova, Dubăsari">Mahala</a>) 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molovata_Nou%C4%83" title="Molovata Nouă">Molovata Nouă</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%99ni%C8%9Ba" title="Coșnița">Coșnița</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pohrebea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pohrebea">Pohrebea</a>) 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AEr%C3%AEta" title="Pîrîta">Pîrîta</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doro%C8%9Bcaia" title="Doroțcaia">Doroțcaia</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern security zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varni%C8%9Ba,_Anenii_Noi" title="Varnița, Anenii Noi">Varnița</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copanca" title="Copanca">Copanca</a>3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern security zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dub%C4%83sari" title="Dubăsari">Dubăsari</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Roghi">Roghi</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern security zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Bender</a>4 (<a href="/wiki/Proteagailovca" title="Proteagailovca">Proteagailovca</a>4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AEsca" title="Gîsca">Gîsca</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%9Bcani" title="Chițcani">Chițcani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%9Bcani" title="Chițcani">Merenești</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%9Bcani" title="Chițcani">Zahorna</a>) 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremenciug,_C%C4%83u%C8%99eni" title="Cremenciug, Căușeni">Cremenciug</a>3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 belongs to <a href="/wiki/Raionul_Dub%C4%83sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Raionul Dubăsari">Dubăsari district</a>; 2 belongs to <a href="/wiki/Anenii_Noi_District" title="Anenii Noi District">Anenii Noi district</a>; 3 belongs to <a href="/wiki/Raionul_C%C4%83u%C8%99eni" class="mw-redirect" title="Raionul Căușeni">Căușeni district</a>; 4 also known as Tighina; belongs to <a href="/wiki/Bender,_Moldova" title="Bender, Moldova">Municipality of Bender</a>; 5 belongs to <a href="/wiki/Administrative-Territorial_Units_of_the_Left_Bank_of_the_Dniester" title="Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester">Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moldova_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moldova_topics" title="Template:Moldova topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moldova_topics" title="Template talk:Moldova topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moldova_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moldova topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moldova_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Moldova" title="Outline of Moldova">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moldova" title="History of Moldova">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistory of the Balkans">Prehistoric Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Democratic_Republic" title="Moldavian Democratic Republic">Moldavian Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bessarabia_with_Romania" title="Union of Bessarabia with Romania">Union with Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia_conflict" title="Gagauzia conflict">Gagauzia conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_Republic" title="Gagauz Republic">Gagauz Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Moldovan Declaration of Independence">Declaration of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_independent_Moldova" title="History of independent Moldova">Post-independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_protests_in_Moldova" title="2015–2016 protests in Moldova">2015–2016 protests</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Arms_of_Moldova.svg/80px-Arms_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Arms_of_Moldova.svg/120px-Arms_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Arms_of_Moldova.svg/160px-Arms_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="338" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova#Climate" title="Geography of Moldova">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Moldova" title="List of earthquakes in Moldova">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Moldova" title="List of mammals of Moldova">Fauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Moldova" title="List of birds of Moldova">Birds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Moldova" title="Protected areas of Moldova">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Moldova" title="List of rivers of Moldova">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Geodetic_Point" title="Rudi Geodetic Point">Rudi Geodetic Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldova" title="Administrative divisions of Moldova">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Moldova" title="List of cities and towns in Moldova">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Moldova" title="Communes of Moldova">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_localities_in_Moldova" title="List of localities in Moldova">Localities</a></li> <li>Autonomous territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative-Territorial_Units_of_the_Left_Bank_of_the_Dniester" title="Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester">Left Bank of the Dniester</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Moldova" title="Politics of Moldova">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Moldova" title="Cabinet of Moldova">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Moldova" title="Constitution of Moldova">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Moldova" title="Corruption in Moldova">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Moldova" title="Elections in Moldova">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Moldova" title="Foreign relations of Moldova">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Moldova" title="Government of Moldova">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Moldova" title="Human rights in Moldova">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Moldova">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Moldova">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Moldova">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Republic of Moldova">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Moldova" title="List of political parties in Moldova">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Moldova" title="Economy of Moldova">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Moldova" title="Agriculture in Moldova">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Moldova" title="National Bank of Moldova">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_leu" title="Moldovan leu">Leu (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Moldova" title="Telecommunications in Moldova">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Moldova" title="Energy in Moldova">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Moldova" title="Poverty in Moldova">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Moldova" title="Tourism in Moldova">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Moldova" title="Transport in Moldova">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Moldova" title="Category:Society of Moldova">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Moldova" title="Crime in Moldova">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Moldova" title="Demographics of Moldova">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Moldova" title="Education in Moldova">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Moldova" title="Healthcare in Moldova">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovans" title="Moldovans">Moldovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Moldova" title="Languages of Moldova">Languages of Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Moldova" title="Culture of Moldova">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Moldova">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_wine" title="Moldovan wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Moldova" title="Public holidays in Moldova">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Moldova" title="Literature of Moldova">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Moldova" title="Music of Moldova">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_over_ethnic_and_linguistic_identity_in_Moldova" title="Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova">Controversy over identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_language" title="Moldovan language">Moldovan language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Moldova" title="National symbols of Moldova">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Moldova" title="Sport in Moldova">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Moldova" title="Outline of Moldova">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Moldova" title="Outline of Moldova">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moldova" title="Category:Moldova">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Moldova" title="Portal:Moldova">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Transnistria_topics" title="Template:Transnistria topics">Transnistria topics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transnistria_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transnistria_topics" title="Template:Transnistria topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transnistria_topics" title="Template talk:Transnistria topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transnistria_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transnistria topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transnistria_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transnistria</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Transnistria" title="History of Transnistria">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Transnistria_before_1792" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Transnistria before 1792">Before 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transnistria (World War II)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian ASSR">Moldavian ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_Governorate" title="Transnistria Governorate">Transnistria Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Control_Commission" title="Joint Control Commission">Joint Control Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Moscow_memorandum" title="1997 Moscow memorandum">1997 Moscow memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozak_memorandum" title="Kozak memorandum">Kozak memorandum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in Transnistria">Localities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Transnistria" title="Politics of Transnistria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Transnistrian_customs_crisis" title="2006 Transnistrian customs crisis">2006 customs crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria" title="Coat of arms of Transnistria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Transnistria" title="Flag of Transnistria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Transnistria" title="Foreign relations of Transnistria">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Transnistria" title="Human rights in Transnistria">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Transnistria" title="Law enforcement in Transnistria">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Transnistria">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Moldova–Ukraine border">Moldova–Ukraine border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Transnistria">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Transnistria" title="List of political parties in Transnistria">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reintegration_of_Transnistria_into_Moldova" title="Reintegration of Transnistria into Moldova">Proposed reintegration into Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">Proposed Russian annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_presence_in_Transnistria" title="Russian military presence in Transnistria">Russian military presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification of Moldova and Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_Republican_Bank" title="Transnistrian Republican Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_ruble" title="Transnistrian ruble">Rubla (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_Steel_Works" title="Moldova Steel Works">Moldova Steel Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Transnistria" title="List of airports in Transnistria">Airports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Transnistria" title="Category:Society of Transnistria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Transnistria" title="Crime in Transnistria">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Transnistria">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Transnistria">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian-language_schools_in_Transnistria" title="Romanian-language schools in Transnistria">Romanian-language schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Transnistria" title="Public holidays in Transnistria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Transnistria" title="Anthem of Transnistria">Anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Transnistria">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Transnistria" title="Demographic history of Transnistria">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Transnistria" title="Poles in Transnistria">Poles in Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Transnistrian_census" title="1989 Transnistrian census">Census in 1989</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Transnistrian_census" title="2004 Transnistrian census">2004</a> / <a href="/wiki/2015_Transnistrian_census" title="2015 Transnistrian census">2015</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Note: Transnistria is a <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldovan</a> breakaway territory and a self-proclaimed republic, unrecognised by any United Nations member state.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907112#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907112#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907112#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/240428305">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjdbBwhvvgpdQtT9j9CcP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4245233-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15031355t">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15031355t">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge163367&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/120239868">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" 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