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1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election - Wikipedia

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Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos rinkimai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1990 m. Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos rinkimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1990年リトアニア最高会議選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1990年リトアニア最高会議選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentsvalget_i_Litauen_1990" title="Parlamentsvalget i Litauen 1990 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parlamentsvalget i Litauen 1990" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_(1990)" title="Парламентские выборы в Литовской ССР (1990) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентские выборы в Литовской ССР (1990)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1990年立陶宛最高蘇維埃選舉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1990年立陶宛最高蘇維埃選舉" data-language-autonym="中文" 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</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-legis-elect-befaft{width:100%;border-spacing:0;border-top:1px #aaa solid}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befaft th,.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-50{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befaft-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-befimg{padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-legis-elect-aftimg{padding-left:3px}</style><table class="infobox ib-legis-elect vevent"><caption class="infobox-title">1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">&#8592;&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1985</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>24 February 1990 (first round)<br />4–10 March 1990 (second round)</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1992</a>&#160;&#8594;</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />All 141 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Supreme Soviet</a><br />71 seats needed for a majority</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">71.72%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable ib-legis-elect-results plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr class="nowrap"> <th>Party</th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #E75480;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania">LKP (independent)</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">46 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #E10514;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">LSDP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Antanavi%C4%8Dius_(economist)" title="Kazimieras Antanavičius (economist)">Kazimieras Antanavičius</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #D1020A;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">LKP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mykolas_Burokevi%C4%8Dius" title="Mykolas Burokevičius">Mykolas Burokevičius</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #00b185;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Green_Party_(1989)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Green Party (1989) (page does not exist)">LŽP</a> </th> <td><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABta_Gajauskait%C4%97_(1946)" class="extiw" title="lt:Rūta Gajauskaitė (1946)">Rūta Gajauskaitė</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #007272;"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Democratic_Party" title="Lithuanian Democratic Party">LDP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Saulius_Pe%C4%8Deli%C5%ABnas" title="Saulius Pečeliūnas">Saulius Pečeliūnas</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #3D6DBF;"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party">LKDP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Saudargas" title="Algirdas Saudargas">Algirdas Saudargas</a> </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="border-left: 4px solid #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> </th> <td>– </td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-seats">64 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="nowrap ib-legis-elect-disclaimer">This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.</div><table class="ib-legis-elect-befaft"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic#Chairmen" title="Council of Ministers of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Chairman of the Council of Ministers</a> before</th> <th scope="col" class="ib-legis-elect-befaft-right"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Prime Minister</a> after</th> </tr><tr> <td class="ib-legis-elect-50"><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Sakalauskas" title="Vytautas Sakalauskas">Vytautas Sakalauskas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">LKP</a></td> <td class="ib-legis-elect-befaft-right ib-legis-elect-50"><a href="/wiki/Kazimira_Prunskien%C4%97" title="Kazimira Prunskienė">Kazimira Prunskienė</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />(endorsed by <a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a>)</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Supreme Soviet elections</b> were held in the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian SSR">Lithuanian SSR</a> on 24 February with run-off elections on 4, 7, 8 and 10 March 1990 to elect the 141 members of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR">Supreme Soviet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-result_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-result-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In six constituencies, voter turnout was below the required minimum and a third round was held on 17 and 21 April.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the first time since <a href="/wiki/1940_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1940 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1940 elections</a> to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Seimas" title="People&#39;s Seimas">People's Seimas</a>, non-communist candidates were allowed to run. The elections were the first free nationwide elections since <a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1926 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1926</a>, and only the fifth free elections in all of Lithuanian history. </p><p>The pro-independence <a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a> movement refused to become a political party and endorsed non-partisan candidates or candidates of various other political parties based on their personal merits.<sup id="cite_ref-v153_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v153-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These endorsements often meant more than the official party affiliations, and Sąjūdis-backed candidates won 91 seats, an outright majority.<sup id="cite_ref-result_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-result-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During its third session on 11 March 1990, the Supreme Soviet adopted the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a>, declaring Lithuania's independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleventh_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Lithuanian_SSR&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleventh Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR (page does not exist)">Eleventh Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR</a> was elected on 24 February 1985. It acted as rubber stamp legislature up until the summer of 1988. By the summer of that same year <a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Reform Movement</a> was founded and gained support Lithuanian SSR-wide. Along side this, <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> announced the slogan of <a href="/wiki/Demokratizatsiya_(Soviet_Union)" title="Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)">Demokratizatsiya</a>, which intended to make Soviet institutions more democratic. It proposed candidacy of more than one person to single seat in soviets of various levels in the elections. </p><p>On 15 January 1989 the first free elections took place for two vacant deputies' seats in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a>. One of them has been won by Sąjūdis supported independent candidate <a href="/wiki/Zigmas_Vai%C5%A1vila" title="Zigmas Vaišvila">Zigmas Vaišvila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 March 1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_Union_legislative_election" title="1989 Soviet Union legislative election">elections</a> took place for 42 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of People&#39;s Deputies of the Soviet Union">Congress of People's Deputies</a>. Despite the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> celebrations and boycott by dissident organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Liberty_League" title="Lithuanian Liberty League">Lithuanian Liberty League</a>, the turnout reached 82.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-v144_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v144-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The results were a sweeping victory to Sąjūdis: 36 out of its 39 candidates won against the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">Communist Party of Lithuania</a> (CPL) (some of these candidates were CPL members themselves).<sup id="cite_ref-v144_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v144-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The communists won only 6 seats; two of them were uncontested, as Sąjūdis withdrew its candidates in favor of <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimiras_Beriozovas" title="Vladimiras Beriozovas">Vladimiras Beriozovas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-v144_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v144-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> CPL, shaken by the defeat, was losing authority and membership. To save the party, its leader Brazauskas moved closer to the pro-independence movements.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the summer of 1989, the party supported calls for "sovereignty" and cooperated with Sąjūdis. </p><p>On 29 September 1989 the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR Deputies' Election Act was passed. It reduced future Supreme Soviet by 60 per cent (from 350 to 141 members) and eliminated deputies from local government <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">soviets</a> and various organisations in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the same day, election day to the new <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR">Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR</a> was proposed on 24 February 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> what will be done on 23 November 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Initially, appointment (not electing) over one third of all deputies was proposed, but, due to public pressure, this proposal was not put in Election Act.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 December 1989 the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, then almost fully controlled by CPL, amended the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Lithuanian_SSR&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of the Lithuanian SSR (page does not exist)">Constitution of the Lithuanian SSR</a> eliminating <a href="/wiki/Article_6_of_the_Soviet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution">Article 6</a>, which established communist party monopoly in political life.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the same day, Article 7, which established participation of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Komsomol" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Komsomol">Lithuanian Komsomol</a> in political life (including elections), was amended as well.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These decisions meant that Lithuania eliminated legal obstacles for a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a> and allowed other parties to compete in the upcoming parliamentary elections. </p><p>During its 20th congress on 19–20 December the CPL separated itself from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (CPSU) by a vote of 855 to 160.<sup id="cite_ref-v152_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v152-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For such insubordination, Brazauskas was scolded in a special session of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a> of CPSU and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> made a personal visit to Lithuania to heal the rift in January 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, such measures changed little and CPL (independent) kept slowly pushing for independence. This political divorce was not approved by hardline communists. They established a separate CPL, which was still part of the CPSU, and claimed to be the legal successor of the "real" CPL.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This pro-Moscow group was led by <a href="/wiki/Mykolas_Burokevi%C4%8Dius" title="Mykolas Burokevičius">Mykolas Burokevičius</a> and included disproportionately large numbers of representatives from <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Lithuania" title="Russians in Lithuania">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_minority_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish minority in Lithuania">Polish minorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-v152_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v152-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the Supreme Soviet were elected from single-member constituencies by <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a>. Second round has been used or repeated if no candidate reach 50 per cent of all votes given or less than 50 per cent of all registered voters, who voted in constituency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main competition was between Sąjūdis and CPL (independent). While both camps agreed on the eventual goal of independent Lithuania, Sąjūdis advocated acting quickly without fearing Moscow's reaction and CPL campaigned for a step-by-step approach to avoid conflict with Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Even though Sąjūdis was not a political party and was not reflected in any official statistics,<sup id="cite_ref-s90_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s90-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> its endorsements had an immense influence on candidate's electability because the votes would be cast not for party lists, but for specific personalities.<sup id="cite_ref-l515_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l515-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Such endorsements would be handed out based on personal merits and without regard to political affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-v153_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v153-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Therefore, a number of CPL members was backed by Sąjūdis. Other parties were formed just recently and did not enjoy widespread popularity. Of all parties participating, only CPL (CPSU) did not support Lithuanian independence.<sup id="cite_ref-v154_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v154-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 522 candidates registered for the election, but 50 dropped out before the election day.<sup id="cite_ref-steno1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steno1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Of the remaining 472 candidates, 201 were proposed by the CPL (independent), 139 were nonpartisans, and 79 were listed by CPL (CPSU).<sup id="cite_ref-s90_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s90-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Opinion polls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Polling Firm </th> <th rowspan="2">Last date of polling </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">LKP</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">LSDP</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party">LKDP</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Democratic_Party" title="Lithuanian Democratic Party">LDP</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Green_Party" title="Lithuanian Green Party">LŽP</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">LKP (TSKP)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#228B22"> </td> <td style="background:#F08080"> </td> <td style="background:#E10514"> </td> <td style="background:#000000"> </td> <td style="background:#FFF700"> </td> <td style="background:#00b185"> </td> <td style="background:#F08080"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lstc.lt/download/Lietuvos_socialine_raida_2013_www.pdf">VNTC</a> </td> <td>29 December 1989 – 3 January 1990 </td> <td>27.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#bfe4ff">39.9 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>8.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lstc.lt/download/visuomenes_nuomones_tyrimai_visas.pdf">VNTC</a> </td> <td>25 November – 1 December 1989 </td> <td bgcolor="#bfe4ff">46.9 </td> <td>17.3 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lstc.lt/download/visuomenes_nuomones_tyrimai_visas.pdf">VNTC</a> </td> <td>29 September – 5 October 1989 </td> <td bgcolor="#bfe4ff">49.7 </td> <td>19.6 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 90 delegates were elected in the first round. In 51 constituencies, the run-off elections were held in early March. Originally scheduled for 10 March, the run-off was pushed forward whenever possible so that the Supreme Soviet could meet as soon as possible (all run-offs were held on 4, 7–10 March).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Due to low voter turnout (primarily in areas where Polish and Russian minorities concentrated), elections in six constituencies were invalid.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 135 members elected, 91 had been endorsed by Sąjūdis, including 58 of the 64 independents, 17 of the independent Communists, all elected members of the Social Democrats, Greens and Christian Democrats, and one of the three Democratic Party members.<sup id="cite_ref-result_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-result-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="9" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg/360px-Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg/540px-Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg/720px-Lithuania_Supreme_Soviet_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" colspan="3">First round</th><th scope="col" colspan="3">Second round</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Total<br />seats</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Seats</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E75480"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania">Communist Party of Lithuania (independent)</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">22</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">24</td><td style="text-align:right">46</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E10514"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">Lithuanian Social-Democratic Party</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">9</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">9</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D1020A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">Communist Party of Lithuania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a>)</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">7</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00b185"></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Green_Party_(1989)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Green Party (1989) (page does not exist)">Lithuanian Green Party</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#007272"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Democratic_Party" title="Lithuanian Democratic Party">Lithuanian Democratic Party</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">3</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#3D6DBF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party">Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League_of_Lithuania_(1989)" title="Young Communist League of Lithuania (1989)">Young Communist League</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">48</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">16</td><td style="text-align:right">64</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Vacant</td><td colspan="3"></td><td colspan="3"></td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">90</td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">45</td><td style="text-align:right">141</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="9" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>1,814,218</td><td>97.99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>37,125</td><td>2.01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>1,851,343</td><td>100.00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>2,581,359</td><td>71.72</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="9" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041010072530/http://www2.essex.ac.uk/elect/database/indexElections.asp?country=LITHUANIA&amp;election=lt90">University of Essex</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csce.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Report-on-the-Supreme-Soviet-Elections-in-Lithuania-1990.pdf">CSCE</a>, Tiesa<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a></div> <p>Immediately after the first round, elected delegates gathered for semi-formal discussions and consultations. Some of the critical decisions were made during these "tea talks" between the first and second rounds of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Supreme Soviet was to convene as soon as possible (two weeks after the election) and declare independence without delay. The Lithuanians were afraid that during the scheduled assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of People&#39;s Deputies of the Soviet Union">Congress of People's Deputies</a> on 12 March 1990, Gorbachev would be appointed as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President of the Soviet Union</a> and would gain greater powers within the union.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Specifically, Lithuanians feared that Gorbachev would pass a law on secession that would make it virtually impossible to break away from the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the time of its first gathering on 10 March, the final results of the run-off election were not yet available.<sup id="cite_ref-steno1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steno1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first session, the delegates elected a commission to verify the election results. As verification was a time-consuming process, the Supreme Soviet adjourned until 09:00 the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-steno1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steno1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 11 March the Supreme Soviet elected <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a>, leader of Sąjūdis, as its chairman (91 votes) against <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a>, leader of CPL, (38 votes).<sup id="cite_ref-steno3_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steno3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On the same day the Soviet changed its name to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania">Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania</a>, re-adopted <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania" title="Coat of arms of Lithuania">interwar coat of arms</a>, and passed the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a> (124 votes in favor, 6 abstentions, none opposed).<sup id="cite_ref-steno3_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steno3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It also abolished Soviet constitutions and re-adopted the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Constitution_of_1938&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Constitution of 1938 (page does not exist)">Lithuanian Constitution of 1938</a>, the last constitution before the Soviet occupation. It was a symbolic move to emphasize the <a href="/wiki/State_continuity_of_the_Baltic_states" title="State continuity of the Baltic states">legal continuity of the interwar state</a> as the Constitution of 1938 was suspended minutes later and replaced by the Provisional Fundamental Law, based on the Constitution of Lithuanian SSR proposals of 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Thus Lithuania officially declared its independence from the Soviet Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Different sources often provide different breakdown between Sąjūdis, nonpartisan, and CPL (independent) delegates as the division was not clear-cut: Sąjūdis did not have formal membership while CPL kept losing its members.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> CPL (independent), despite internal reforms and push for independence, fared rather poorly.<sup id="cite_ref-v154_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v154-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Observers note that the communists ran a passive campaign and lacked personalities that could compete with prominent intellectuals of Sąjūdis.<sup id="cite_ref-l515_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l515-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also, the campaign was framed as a referendum for Lithuania's independence – all those in support were morally obligated to vote for Sąjūdis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-result-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-result_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-result_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-result_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPopescuMartin_Hannavy2002" class="citation web cs1">Popescu, Marina; Martin Hannavy (2002-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709023855/http://www2.essex.ac.uk/elect/electer/lt_er_nl.htm">"1990 Parliamentary Elections - Soviet"</a>. <i>Project on Political Transformation and the Electoral Process in Post-Communist Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">University of Essex</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.essex.ac.uk/elect/database/indexElections.asp?country=LITHUANIA&amp;election=lt90">the original</a> on 9 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Project+on+Political+Transformation+and+the+Electoral+Process+in+Post-Communist+Europe&amp;rft.atitle=1990+Parliamentary+Elections+-+Soviet&amp;rft.date=2002-12-12&amp;rft.aulast=Popescu&amp;rft.aufirst=Marina&amp;rft.au=Martin+Hannavy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.essex.ac.uk%2Felect%2Fdatabase%2FindexElections.asp%3Fcountry%3DLITHUANIA%26election%3Dlt90&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truska (2009), p. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v153-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v153_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v153_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardys (1997), p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skrastas.lt/aktualijos/siauliai/prisiminimu-vakaras-su-prisipazinimu-apie-sprogdinimus">"Prisiminimų vakaras – su prisipažinimu apie sprogdinimus &#124; Šiaulių kraštas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Prisiminim%C5%B3+vakaras+%E2%80%93+su+prisipa%C5%BEinimu+apie+sprogdinimus+%26%23124%3B+%C5%A0iauli%C5%B3+kra%C5%A1tas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skrastas.lt%2Faktualijos%2Fsiauliai%2Fprisiminimu-vakaras-su-prisipazinimu-apie-sprogdinimus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v144-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v144_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v144_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v144_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardys (1997), p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardys (1997), p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/daa707a05ed611e5beff92bd32ec99a1?jfwid=-15kurjmlwz">"XI-3249 Dėl Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinės Respublikos Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatų rinkimų"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=XI-3249+D%C4%97l+Lietuvos+Taryb%C5%B3+Socialistin%C4%97s+Respublikos+Auk%C5%A1%C4%8Diausiosios+Tarybos+deputat%C5%B3+rinkim%C5%B3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-seimas.lrs.lt%2Fportal%2FlegalAct%2Flt%2FTAD%2Fdaa707a05ed611e5beff92bd32ec99a1%3Fjfwid%3D-15kurjmlwz&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savb.lt/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/195.pdf">ELTA. Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos sesija / Šiaulių naujienos, Nr. 195 (106706), 1989, p. 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/7b1e24f0400711e59cf1cfda14b526c5?positionInSearchResults=62&amp;searchModelUUID=a62653d0-d6cb-4b92-87a8-b98403d30251">"Xi-3408 Dėl Dvyliktojo Šaukimo Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos Deputatų Rinkimų Paskyrimo"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Xi-3408+D%C4%97l+Dvyliktojo+%C5%A0aukimo+Lietuvos+TSR+Auk%C5%A1%C4%8Diausiosios+Tarybos+Deputat%C5%B3+Rinkim%C5%B3+Paskyrimo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-seimas.lrs.lt%2Fportal%2FlegalAct%2Flt%2FTAD%2F7b1e24f0400711e59cf1cfda14b526c5%3FpositionInSearchResults%3D62%26searchModelUUID%3Da62653d0-d6cb-4b92-87a8-b98403d30251&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/e136d650726c11e59a1ed226d1cbceb5?positionInSearchResults=1417&amp;searchModelUUID=d121a6c2-6b9f-408a-863a-9d82c8c3cbaf">"XI-2960 Dėl Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatų ir vietinių liaudies deputatų tarybų deputatų rinkimų įstatymų projektų rengimo ir rinkimų datos į šias tarybas nustatymo"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=XI-2960+D%C4%97l+Lietuvos+TSR+Auk%C5%A1%C4%8Diausiosios+Tarybos+deputat%C5%B3+ir+vietini%C5%B3+liaudies+deputat%C5%B3+taryb%C5%B3+deputat%C5%B3+rinkim%C5%B3+%C4%AFstatym%C5%B3+projekt%C5%B3+rengimo+ir+rinkim%C5%B3+datos+%C4%AF+%C5%A1ias+tarybas+nustatymo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-seimas.lrs.lt%2Fportal%2FlegalAct%2Flt%2FTAD%2Fe136d650726c11e59a1ed226d1cbceb5%3FpositionInSearchResults%3D1417%26searchModelUUID%3Dd121a6c2-6b9f-408a-863a-9d82c8c3cbaf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/4756ca50598911e5a9129f08109b20ec?positionInSearchResults=2&amp;searchModelUUID=a62653d0-d6cb-4b92-87a8-b98403d30251">"Xi-3453 Dėl Lietuvos TSR Konstitucijos (Pagrindinio Įstatymo) 6 Ir 7 Straipsnių Pakeitimo"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Xi-3453+D%C4%97l+Lietuvos+TSR+Konstitucijos+%28Pagrindinio+%C4%AEstatymo%29+6+Ir+7+Straipsni%C5%B3+Pakeitimo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-seimas.lrs.lt%2Fportal%2FlegalAct%2Flt%2FTAD%2F4756ca50598911e5a9129f08109b20ec%3FpositionInSearchResults%3D2%26searchModelUUID%3Da62653d0-d6cb-4b92-87a8-b98403d30251&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v152-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v152_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v152_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardys (1997), p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), pp. 78–80, 83–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s90-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s90_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s90_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l515-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-l515_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l515_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurinavičius (2008), p. 515</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v154-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v154_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v154_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardys (1997), p. 154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steno1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-steno1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steno1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steno1_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrs.lt/datos/kovo11/st_01.htm">"Pirmasis posėdis"</a> (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a>. 1990-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pirmasis+pos%C4%97dis&amp;rft.pub=Seimas&amp;rft.date=1990-03-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrs.lt%2Fdatos%2Fkovo11%2Fst_01.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurinavičius (2008), pp. 507, 509</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurinavičius (2008), p. 507</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurinavičius (2008), p. 514</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurinavičius (2008), p. 516</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatų rinkimų 1990 m. vasario 24 d. rezultatai". <i>Tiesa</i> (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Spauda. 1990-03-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Tiesa&amp;rft.atitle=Lietuvos+TSR+Auk%C5%A1%C4%8Diausiosios+Tarybos+deputat%C5%B3+rinkim%C5%B3+1990+m.+vasario+24+d.+rezultatai&amp;rft.date=1990-03-01&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurinavičius (2008), pp. 519–520</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardys (1997), p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steno3-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-steno3_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steno3_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrs.lt/datos/kovo11/st_03.htm">"Trečiasis posėdis"</a> (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a>. 1990-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tre%C4%8Diasis+pos%C4%97dis&amp;rft.pub=Seimas&amp;rft.date=1990-03-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrs.lt%2Fdatos%2Fkovo11%2Fst_03.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senn (1995), p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/164252/lietuvos-respublikos-konstitucijos-koncepcijos-metmenys">"Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos koncepcijos metmenys"</a>. 26 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Lietuvos+Respublikos+Konstitucijos+koncepcijos+metmenys&amp;rft.date=2017-02-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F164252%2Flietuvos-respublikos-konstitucijos-koncepcijos-metmenys&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurinavičiusVladas_Sirutavičius2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceslovas_Laurinavi%C4%8Dius" title="Česlovas Laurinavičius">Laurinavičius, Česlovas</a>; Vladas Sirutavičius (2008). <i>Sąjūdis: nuo "persitvarkymo" iki kovo 11-osios. Part I</i>. <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(book)" title="History of Lithuania (book)">Lietuvos istorija</a> (in Lithuanian). Vol.&#160;XII. <a href="/wiki/Baltos_lankos" title="Baltos lankos">Baltos lankos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Institute_of_History" title="Lithuanian Institute of History">Lithuanian Institute of History</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9955-23-164-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9955-23-164-6"><bdi>978-9955-23-164-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis%3A+nuo+%22persitvarkymo%22+iki+kovo+11-osios.+Part+I&amp;rft.series=Lietuvos+istorija&amp;rft.pub=Baltos+lankos%2C+Lithuanian+Institute+of+History&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-9955-23-164-6&amp;rft.aulast=Laurinavi%C4%8Dius&amp;rft.aufirst=%C4%8Ceslovas&amp;rft.au=Vladas+Sirutavi%C4%8Dius&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenn1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Erich_Senn" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Erich Senn">Senn, Alfred Erich</a> (1995). <i>Gorbachev's Failure in Lithuania</i>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin&#39;s Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-12457-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-12457-0"><bdi>0-312-12457-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gorbachev%27s+Failure+in+Lithuania&amp;rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0-312-12457-0&amp;rft.aulast=Senn&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred+Erich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruska2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Truska, Liudas (2009). "Lietuvos Respublikos Aukščiausioji Taryba – Atkuriamasis Seimas". <i>Lietuvos Seimo istorija XX–XXI a. pradžia</i> (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Baltos_lankos" title="Baltos lankos">Baltos lankos</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9955-23-322-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9955-23-322-0"><bdi>978-9955-23-322-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Lietuvos+Respublikos+Auk%C5%A1%C4%8Diausioji+Taryba+%E2%80%93+Atkuriamasis+Seimas&amp;rft.btitle=Lietuvos+Seimo+istorija+XX%E2%80%93XXI+a.+prad%C5%BEia&amp;rft.pub=Baltos+lankos&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-9955-23-322-0&amp;rft.aulast=Truska&amp;rft.aufirst=Liudas&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVardysJudith_B._Sedaitis1997" class="citation book cs1">Vardys, Vytas Stanley; Judith B. Sedaitis (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuaniarebelna00vard"><i>Lithuania: The Rebel Nation</i></a></span>. Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-1839-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-1839-4"><bdi>0-8133-1839-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lithuania%3A+The+Rebel+Nation&amp;rft.series=Westview+Series+on+the+Post-Soviet+Republics&amp;rft.pub=Westview+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0-8133-1839-4&amp;rft.aulast=Vardys&amp;rft.aufirst=Vytas+Stanley&amp;rft.au=Judith+B.+Sedaitis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flithuaniarebelna00vard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Lithuanian+Supreme+Soviet+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Lithuanian)</span> Transcripts of the first assemblies of the Supreme Soviet: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrs.lt/datos/kovo11/st_01.htm">1st session on March 10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrs.lt/datos/kovo11/st_02.htm">2nd session on March 11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrs.lt/datos/kovo11/st_03.htm">3rd session on March 11</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuanian_elections" title="Template:Lithuanian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuanian_elections" title="Template talk:Lithuanian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Lithuania&amp;#124;link=Lithuania_Elections_and_referendums_in_Lithuania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Lithuania" title="Referendums in Lithuania">referendums</a> in Lithuania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">Presidential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="1993 Lithuanian presidential election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="1997–98 Lithuanian presidential election">1997–98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2002–03 Lithuanian presidential election">2002–03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2004 Lithuanian presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2009 Lithuanian presidential election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2014 Lithuanian presidential election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Lithuanian presidential election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lithuanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Lithuanian presidential election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Parliamentary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1920 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1922 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1923 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1926 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1936 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1940 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1996 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2000 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2004 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2008 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Lithuanian parliamentary election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lithuania" title="Municipalities of Lithuania">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1940 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Lithuanian_municipal_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Lithuanian municipal elections (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Lithuanian_municipal_elections" title="2023 Lithuanian municipal elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2004 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Lithuania">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Lithuania" title="Referendums in Lithuania">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Lithuanian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Lithuanian independence referendum">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_presidency_referendum" title="1992 Lithuanian presidency referendum">1992 (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_Soviet_withdrawal_referendum" title="1992 Lithuanian Soviet withdrawal referendum">1992 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1992 Lithuanian constitutional referendum">1992 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Lithuanian_privatisation_referendum" title="1994 Lithuanian privatisation referendum">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Lithuanian_referendum" title="1996 Lithuanian referendum">1996 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Lithuanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1996 Lithuanian constitutional referendum">1996 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Lithuanian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lithuanian_nuclear_power_referendum" title="2008 Lithuanian nuclear power referendum">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Lithuanian_nuclear_power_referendum" title="2012 Lithuanian nuclear power referendum">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lithuanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2014 Lithuanian constitutional referendum">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Lithuanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2019 Lithuanian constitutional referendum">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lithuanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2024 Lithuanian constitutional referendum">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_elections" title="Template:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth elections">Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Republic_of_Central_Lithuania_general_election" title="1922 Republic of Central Lithuania general election">Central Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Klaip%C4%97da_Region#Election_results" title="Parliament of the Klaipėda Region">Klaipėda Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57488d5c7d‐7gtg2 Cached time: 20241128033950 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.729 seconds Real time usage: 0.880 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3709/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 83003/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6918/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 67599/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.488/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19771415/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- 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