CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135d1f08ccbce16',cH: 'rkSRbJ0fIIw.fTIovhPqkWA943xYSfaau8Y5WBdgxng-1739795755-1.2.1.1-qLN0yGk8FAv1W2DHz9V3KETdt5SRUlDUNmADOrZtE2ZMOj3IoZ3n.1n8uiTRcar4',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=built%20environment.&__cf_chl_tk=Qimp_Kwb.GCWakIa9hNg3nwq0bhdYwGKRv7Djp.QJXA-1739795755-1.0.1.1-O9fanIiUSGEng5_dkdd6mNvcvvBZOTzbs1ZCM2VnIBo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795755',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=built%20environment.&__cf_chl_f_tk=Qimp_Kwb.GCWakIa9hNg3nwq0bhdYwGKRv7Djp.QJXA-1739795755-1.0.1.1-O9fanIiUSGEng5_dkdd6mNvcvvBZOTzbs1ZCM2VnIBo",md: "Sq0hG7xOgUG9ctfOVbykWjHr2LS69o3WjacHgU0HpG4-1739795755-1.2.1.1-srRhfvGh1.EWuu6BhvjPrJGAnPH6liKK9.SqKgdvCCfX5HDP5Lih7UyAXzmLngPDhvNNKNJFyGr5s2hF.X360NM9F_aX3_cNG1Nnhu7dYLd1pZsyAgAEhgPhr95fcLdSP0gcVg7icfNac7pabASbmqQhgA6WgpmwEvR934xr4S9QwP9PrRpjyNs4AQbsR53abB4m7F9U5JoFRkQ7AkkxU5Vsqvlq2DkwpfXsED46tXfJun7Uzc0O4KeYXi6huUeLK7Ay1gDfcEzm8ErF8.H5eKmp9fSBNRJoM5EZU1nKfo9e86fUIIS4z6Oh41s1P9y_7i1jicA_YqRe.c8fhyHUmff5Gyxb1.qD7WgRWsoXnd6M6wI8eUtvbes5VoqzXGWjzOZqdEXBmhyIJNHUzXaRmewFit5UQ8vK4MkIYWAM_gezZHkDOUUA7JQP1RZ8qBNPzIpud2aE0VBxUUmxFDmpl4XVIdGclil4kYL8IRZfkkuxiGW4z2u44ZsJ8XyCkHfYMI.6f1fvi8DpoQyrMOIxa7Pt4edtiQLqUpF_8h5K62PIC28BCJhZPiWjKBkZCSYFrY4DPZx2xsuP8Hjb8WEwL3eceiq06SUYtnv3h24ldHdxEEMWTxf4eAIK39yvGZf_WIMspwjdby.m2XgXHmlee6wEeLWtCAUX0UpdSRYNFHLEoAmXCJmRqmJ46WmykWEcNmH.fzzA5QDnhfCNUrxEjAAMWC4eXH25Vmf3YKzi695xHF4NSLrckAeAn79NMeoWrQa11TLySH3tzkPGDMGSCUP82oxKD68cBiLLncK4uJX2941Z8Gd3JDvcOvzHhIkbtLZP5pr5C5m4Nk_hkT4YUI7_7EadBT38Bs5_zikzo9aQTDEgkrXIZvONDE952WY5dflTPfwHjiz8Ig.NnavuwG.QOYD25vMqNH2O0U.oo09LDeMVjUVgtz62PzYcz8VCyfWbRc_u9H7S93j5qlea8xmTSI.yqmu6L8EK_Ml1FZNDlaFNvdOxHk57L5qrw1F4H6thi5Tb0QG9SVmF3sI9BC1z5UmjvPqkrK1W5Bpf9mz6dqVMN09hdyltz8ATNmtxISbDlFH6eGIWck2.9fF5hB.aKj6LlqDzd.KSvP1pIlDnSh_IZ6A0xDJZ0cW57hLE1kNveGwkMk.yREV2pYW_k_FiyjdTBtKQvwmTVVQ3Af2KwkgaTl4ZsinGI7tik7MIodhtDvDXPtDhlqwcCiuMoKJ6fqvHXmRJiMYsuvlPJjz_PFUTWGdK7rVWeJw.iG5dQ3QbsDxPkYK9RkoxIP6pKHC_qiaIz94XbvSFA5Puxy19_0gvvltvkbtpaqan603mFPmx.GWGCRs7v0.aclB57VXDD34bcm_5pth2KT0mQW0fwlg2G36UYWrXY3ySokNJd_WQySphMe4Mo.AHQA62Py_fejz9XJ26qcQEsK1.c.5xigUDEwrVGLCRv5OVZmLGyTcsn6tb3_owvwoZ.3Ihagb29iDWTEwGYDlgUlXZpJekO18z1myX40jbYvSNwF_oVg4EX_XAMrTOcnPFyBISNpSnWBtdmelUYOQqQ0A7ex7FZAuLJ1__IjkBSZ8AeLxMtqnfvb4kA_XeYrQb52TQ23Q9ejBr1.cnsbmGuBVSP7oYEzjJDqtXb_626qGc5y8fiTQJ4e1NcRbuATQXPC0zLboFUh0mBIxoN3uEl4YWCI2WyqrfZ1VVZrlABbkbtZB5eKgOYZS4OJT6Wnk5o50_3Yr5qegOzEojLY.BsNC8ZEOARXWY3aFIpD47x__8HUofubIBRMgoGH9gN4IfjFXrF.e0UYLuA2ZWlcGOtJtxMgDBhD8vemJRzLfEs8Mjy8mTzPMeAQfu3kr9AHLRrphex.Um1PAKYvtxz06w3sYx26m10g5Sx9K4qJ6dxMDTpQPp02QrkTLAkfPSXIgxjTIGLygV0TuS5MVXxYRjk2zWCcU",mdrd: "wjY5JKVFfIyjTxKxW997Gsxcy2hF3acDZMNvct0B9Yw-1739795755-1.2.1.1-Z2HkK2wf0Gi6xcai_klbQLKSXt8BN9t1._d1hSYBgvGMa7rzXuq.M396wXDRlY6m02VqrFFS8PzKAbBqoHC4nM9.aE89VKgE7b7e2ve3qRy1MzPJCBKg6axNiM8anU.CBAsOurL9SWPzd4lNIKlLe7FVvOoFW9PIrUjDSKX2Xi7PutOOwbxe600JUTYyqGWEjZb8_OWnXh.FPLvl8xZV4uqWHoiRI7BWqgz7qXTG2QR0aR1By9WuMwmoxIVxWkoOXPXOkGUYYtC8edHtjKmLahzDhli48JtF9uxPsjBe.lVHCFP46uLNzYopAoCS8Z5AvpWEfFKr3.jiId1iNQVOa2pxHTmmouw3o37sW80OZsGQNn_ID_OHX.QBt5J7CG7F347grljWe7ThMFs.yRyOIptDTT.lPnU4M.a6j49_5X_jggCrGd1gi5cqdUnoxPYNWeipzX2_b.gRBSqyimL50W4APjVnhpgrCav_7xTPlAN3Cy8ToCD.gACZKOJiXAdP2XT2FxmEg.ZNgY0FDfw5o.90XjoMBjiCPoHkPjXzjkfqG6RzDSOXQ0ssePYRjq1eB0bdlHvaZqgIr3HGmHozgvMY2qkCux2OZjHN.qNv79XG.UWl.ttBA1ITXReA3rWP7QqGM5RqkYGiLEu3Bd2ic.620lnqvxA1cmG7lx16vAG4N5kjxezMlE756n3JPMPSTlYV660YvimPoiPDze74UOd2JPEgeUFtD45Lh9Tfd_5Xs1tcIvmM7SB4GA8pWGmaVtm18q_tSQ7KyerKbgcnRaEurMZ4z4UDi_0gMjd_JZ5srJSoCjALfNyTJFQ_5eCxB.zNqfqBdle0PI1SsGzhgYrtUlxDvz8Pz0CI0xcn.uQeHmu4DP5ZgMnDdHrtbxjv6gD7NfKLyCrVkcNhRWl5xUgoVXZk8RLuAe2ZPKDGbPy4ScRyz8S2TIIRGnotoLFyKiYhSpwAFzYKX2QTuVSlHB83RDuBfbpuUnT6pLDWmBbdoVWc2WA_JbD6dF.SRIfd61jT26jOp0mXQcNHvdfh1GhnkS.k.I82EXfeQ5gRCwSDv6yBB93g.RJK5dAoSUdN55zAEaYP9B9EQGq.t2n47Xtbk16qJkK_8MXBq.zv7uTGSJfemnO1mSXNR2Z9z0Yp2lcb7Z.Bwwj9YxStLeKjMwi7VHHDIPUyamYbS510E5ORWbFHdHNV5Cn8HKwoWQXz4CuPFjucaxbhnAFCM_5jAKY_RUafXbyBLALEw3slXFGGjKoxxaC.9WUv45eTZ58g.pDFcprp1XrFfihCp7y9oXATPnxCWg0xRcZxhzmpJE_Y429VdE8xjZ5JP0YIkOGJXBwai06cDk0QLw0z6AT4lJa32g3QJuuIHThhBvXGaA3G8RjahgOKPziVciFh.puJnj9cLyCo.7w4TyIcuJeZ9brEnoYm9Kgr.oM0GWibVAeEgkmRmt9C.18yJaZJhIQ3G2FrbmihYdExV0SBvjmXuMQb1HdlxGLZojzgwJU_ion0DwKCMW8.nnR0i6KZiMEPsvyIeT61hREF.7DObLIV5ymHqdREXEcGbCA6wxeokDf40tqAdpVoysY6mF625wWL7tb0juSG_fblLZw6aIIHfqFkQlIQZWnXaiW.RlkcC4Mujt5CRD6sy1tRmLzUqtF0eCxFXhYbzS5vrRfiCegW1YmHsWVw.GzWnA08O_IdMP8DhKCWHLnIjoXpHF6iMoISTscAaX64e.6c3mn.LPw.kseIxMPb2LpSwADl7Bupc3asa.HWcgw4h3_koAg72pbC6xQo0FCu8hhYR0bNH73goRATYjo9p91WZZrrh3WrqdUUwNti1tZkXP8DTExqvFSr_txruOEa8gB6uAnfXjlLPc4B8NdSm11if2QXf0NwqQfC4pwvZkArvGjlVCZG_veLGMmjFZmNIZ1i4fAnRGzl3EPwk68hRjILISNqa4HO.Y67gvv51kOYoBjNfNP1bxWC"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135d1f08ccbce16';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=built%20environment.&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Qimp_Kwb.GCWakIa9hNg3nwq0bhdYwGKRv7Djp.QJXA-1739795755-1.0.1.1-O9fanIiUSGEng5_dkdd6mNvcvvBZOTzbs1ZCM2VnIBo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>