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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nagrody_i_wyróżnienia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nagrody_i_wyróżnienia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nagrody i wyróżnienia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nagrody_i_wyróżnienia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wybrane_prace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wybrane_prace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wybrane prace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wybrane_prace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carol Greider</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 73 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Грейдер, Кэрол – południowoałtajski" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Грейдер, Кэрол" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="południowoałtajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="كارول غريدر – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارول غريدر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Qreyder" title="Karel Qreyder – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karel Qreyder" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="کارول گریدر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارول گریدر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8C" title="ক্যারল গ্রেইডার‌ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যারল গ্রেইডার‌" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кэрол Грейдер – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кэрол Грейдер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Кэрал Грэйдэр – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кэрал Грэйдэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Карол Грейдър – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карол Грейдър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greiderov%C3%A1" title="Carol W. Greiderová – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carol W. Greiderová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Κάρολ Γκρέιντερ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολ Γκρέιντερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="کارول گریدر – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارول گریدر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%9F%B4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%94" title="캐럴 그라이더 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐럴 그라이더" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քերոլ Գրեյդեր – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քերոլ Գրեյդեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="कैरोल ग्रीडर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैरोल ग्रीडर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Widney_Greider" title="Carol Widney Greider – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Carol Widney Greider" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8" title="קרול גריידר – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרול גריידר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კეროლ გრეიდერი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კეროლ გრეიდერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кэрол Грейдер – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кэрол Грейдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carola_W._Greider" title="Carola W. Greider – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carola W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karola_Greidere" title="Karola Greidere – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karola Greidere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Widney_Carol_Greider" title="Carolyn Widney Carol Greider – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Carolyn Widney Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BC" title="കാരൾ ഗ്രെയ്ഡർ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാരൾ ഗ്രെയ്ഡർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82._%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="कॅरोल डब्ल्यू. ग्राइडर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅरोल डब्ल्यू. ग्राइडर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="كارول جريدر – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارول جريدر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="کارول گریدر – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کارول گریدر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BBW%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC" title="キャロル・W・グライダー – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャロル・W・グライダー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਰੋਲ ਗਰਾਈਡਰ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਰੋਲ ਗਰਾਈਡਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="کیرل گرائیدر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیرل گرائیدر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Widney_Greider" title="Carol Widney Greider – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Carol Widney Greider" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Грейдер, Кэрол – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грейдер, Кэрол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greiderov%C3%A1" title="Carol Greiderová – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Carol Greiderová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کارۆل گریدەر – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارۆل گریدەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Керол Грајдер – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Керол Грајдер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கரோல் கிரெய்டர் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரோல் கிரெய்டர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кэрол Грейдер – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кэрол Грейдер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Грейдер, Кэрол – tuwiński" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Грейдер, Кэрол" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuwiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Керол Грейдер – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Керол Грейдер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1" title="کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carol W. Greider" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="卡罗尔·格雷德 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡罗尔·格雷德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Carol Greider" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="卡罗尔·格雷德 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡罗尔·格雷德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26322#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Carol_Greider" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> 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class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Carolyn Widney „Carol” Greider</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greider w 2014"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg/179px-GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg/269px-GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg/358px-GREIDER_Carol_2014_-_Less_vignetting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="3929" /></a></span><br />Greider w 2014 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">15 kwietnia 1961</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">profesor nauk biologicznych </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: biologia molekularna </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p>University of California, Santa Barbara (B.A. 1983) University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D. 1987) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</a>,<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (strona nie istnieje)">Johns Hopkins School of Medicine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a><br />Richard Lounsbery Award (2003)<br />Lasker Award (2006)<br />Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (2007) </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carol_Greider" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carol_Greider" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carol Greider">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black);"> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greiderlab.org/">Strona internetowa</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Carol W. Greider</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/15_kwietnia" title="15 kwietnia">15 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> w <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>) – amerykańska biolożka molekularna, profesor <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, razem z <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> dokonała w 1984 odkrycia enzymu <a href="/wiki/Telomeraza" title="Telomeraza">telomerazy</a>. Prowadziła pionierskie badania nad <a href="/wiki/Telomer_(genetyka)" title="Telomer (genetyka)">telomerami</a>. Razem z Elizabeth Blackburn i <a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jackiem W. Szostakiem</a> została uhonorowana Nagrodą Nobla w 2009 roku. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greider wychowała się w Davis w Kalifornii. Jej ojciec Ken Greider był profesorem fizyki na University of California, matka była biologiem, zmarła gdy Carol miała sześć lat. Ma starszego o rok brata Marka<sup id="cite_ref-ascb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascb-2">[2]</a></sup>. Studiowała na <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California</a> w <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_(Kalifornia)" title="Santa Barbara (Kalifornia)">Santa Barbara</a>. Na pierwszym roku studiów zajmowała się rytmami dobowymi i biologią komórki w laboratorium Bei Sweeney. Na drugim roku pracowała w laboratorium Lesa Wilsona razem z Kevinem Sullivanem i Davidem Asai. Kolejny rok studiów spędziła w Niemczech<sup id="cite_ref-ascb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascb-2">[2]</a></sup>. W 1983 otrzymała tytuł <a href="/wiki/Licencjat" title="Licencjat">B.A.</a> z biologii. Tytuł <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> z biologii molekularnej otrzymała w 1987 na <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California</a> w <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(Kalifornia)" title="Berkeley (Kalifornia)">Berkeley</a>, na podstawie pracy napisanej pod kierunkiem Elizabeth Blackburn. W tym czasie razem z Blackburn odkryła telomerazę. </p><p>Od 1988 do 1990 odbyła staż podoktorancki (postdoctoral fellowship) w <a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</a>, Long Island<sup id="cite_ref-cv_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv-3">[3]</a></sup>. Prowadziła wówczas prace nad sklonowaniem genu kodującego <a href="/wiki/Kwasy_rybonukleinowe" title="Kwasy rybonukleinowe">rybonukleinową</a> składową telomerazy; ich wyniki opublikowała w 1989 roku<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>. Wkrótce otrzymała stypendium <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>, dzięki któremu mogła mieć pierwszego doktoranta (Leę Harrington). W 1990 uzyskała stanowisko <i>Assistant Investigator</i>. Współpracowała z Calvin Harley na <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" class="mw-redirect" title="McMaster University">McMaster University</a>. Greider i Harley razem ze współpracownikami przedstawiły pierwsze dowody na zależność długości telomerów od wieku komórki<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>, odkryły również, że gen telomerazy jest aktywowany w komórkach nowotworowych<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>. Od 1997 jest pracownikiem naukowym Johns Hopkins University. </p><p>Należy do <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Cell_Biology" title="American Society for Cell Biology">American Society for Cell Biology</a> (1999) i <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (2003) </p><p>Razem z mężem Nathanielem Comfortem, profesorem <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, ma syna Charlesa. Trenowała <a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">triathlon</a><sup id="cite_ref-ascb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascb-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nagrody_i_wyróżnienia"><span id="Nagrody_i_wyr.C3.B3.C5.BCnienia"></span>Nagrody i wyróżnienia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Nagrody i wyróżnienia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Nagrody i wyróżnienia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Allied Signal Outstanding Project Award (1992)</li> <li>Gertrude Elion Cancer Research Award (1994)</li> <li>Schering-Plough Scientific Achievement Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award (strona nie istnieje)">Gairdner Foundation International Award</a> (1998)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Lounsbery_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Lounsbery Award (strona nie istnieje)">Richard Lounsbery Award</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickson_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dickson Prize (strona nie istnieje)">Dickson Prize</a> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></li> <li>Lila Gruber Cancer Research Award (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley Prize (strona nie istnieje)">Wiley Prize</a> in Biomedical Sciences (2006) (razem z Elizabeth Blackburn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lasker_Award_for_Basic_Medical_Research" title="Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research">Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research</a> (2006) (razem z Elizabeth Blackburn i Jackiem Szostakiem)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisa_Gross_Horwitz_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (strona nie istnieje)">Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize</a> (2007) (razem z Elizabeth Blackburn i Josephem G. Gallem)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></li> <li>The Katharine Berkan Judd Award (2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preis (strona nie istnieje)">Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preis</a> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">Nagroda Nobla</a> (2009) (razem z Elizabeth Blackburn i Jackiem Szostakiem)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wybrane_prace">Wybrane prace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wybrane prace" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Wybrane prace"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">CW. Greider, EH. Blackburn. <em>Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in </em>Tetrahymena<em> extracts</em>. „Cell”. 43 (2 Pt 1), s. 405-13, Dec 1985. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3907856">3907856</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+specific+telomere+terminal+transferase+activity+in+%27%27Tetrahymena%27%27+extracts&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.date=1985&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.aulast=Greider&rft.aufirst=CW.&rft.pages=405-13&rft_id=info:pmid/3907856"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">CW. Greider, EH. 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Blackburn. <em>A telomeric sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere repeat synthesis</em>. „Nature”. 337 (6205), s. 331-7, Jan 1989. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/337331a0">10.1038/337331a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2463488">2463488</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+telomeric+sequence+in+the+RNA+of+Tetrahymena+telomerase+required+for+telomere+repeat+synthesis&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=337&rft.issue=6205&rft.aulast=Greider&rft.aufirst=CW.&rft.pages=331-7&rft_id=info:pmid/2463488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F337331a0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">CB. Harley, AB. Futcher, CW. Greider. <em>Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts.</em>. „Nature”. 345 (6274), s. 458-60, May 1990. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/345458a0">10.1038/345458a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2342578">2342578</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telomeres+shorten+during+ageing+of+human+fibroblasts.&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=345&rft.issue=6274&rft.aulast=Harley&rft.aufirst=CB.&rft.pages=458-60&rft_id=info:pmid/2342578&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F345458a0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">CW. Greider. <em>Telomeres, telomerase and senescence</em>. „Bioessays”. 12 (8), s. 363-9, Aug 1990. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.950120803">10.1002/bies.950120803</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2241933">2241933</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telomeres%2C+telomerase+and+senescence&rft.jtitle=Bioessays&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.aulast=Greider&rft.aufirst=CW.&rft.pages=363-9&rft_id=info:pmid/2241933&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbies.950120803"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">JL. Chen, CW. Greider. <em>Template boundary definition in mammalian telomerase</em>. „Genes Dev”. 17 (22), s. 2747-52, Nov 2003. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1140303">10.1101/gad.1140303</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14630939">14630939</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC280623/">PMC280623</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Template+boundary+definition+in+mammalian+telomerase&rft.jtitle=Genes+Dev&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=22&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=JL.&rft.pages=2747-52&rft_id=info:pmid/14630939&rft_id=info:pmc/280623&rft_id=info:doi/10.1101%2Fgad.1140303"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal pmid nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">L.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">L.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Qi</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">L.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">L.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="L. Qi, MA. Strong, BO. Karim, M. Armanios, DL. Huso, CW. Greider"> i inni</span>, <i>Short telomeres and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated deficiency cooperatively increase telomere dysfunction and suppress tumorigenesis</i>, „Cancer Research”, 63 (23), 2003, s. 8188-96, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14678974">14678974</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=2003&rft.atitle=Short+telomeres+and+ataxia-telangiectasia+mutated+deficiency+cooperatively+increase+telomere+dysfunction+and+suppress+tumorigenesis&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.volume=63&rft.edition=23&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14678974" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">JL. Chen, CW. Greider. <em>An emerging consensus for telomerase RNA structure</em>. „Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A”. 101 (41), s. 14683-4, Oct 2004. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406204101">10.1073/pnas.0406204101</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15466703">15466703</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522039/">PMC522039</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+emerging+consensus+for+telomerase+RNA+structure&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=41&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=JL.&rft.pages=14683-4&rft_id=info:pmid/15466703&rft_id=info:pmc/522039&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0406204101"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">LY. Hao, MA. Strong, CW. Greider. <em>Phosphorylation of H2AX at short telomeres in T cells and fibroblasts</em>. „J Biol Chem”. 279 (43), s. 45148-54, Oct 2004. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M403924200">10.1074/jbc.M403924200</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15322096">15322096</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phosphorylation+of+H2AX+at+short+telomeres+in+T+cells+and+fibroblasts&rft.jtitle=J+Biol+Chem&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=43&rft.aulast=Hao&rft.aufirst=LY.&rft.pages=45148-54&rft_id=info:pmid/15322096&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074%2Fjbc.M403924200"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">LY. Hao, CW. 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Armanios, CW. 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Qi, MA. Strong, BO. Karim, DL. Huso i inni. <em>Telomere fusion to chromosome breaks reduces oncogenic translocations and tumour formation</em>. „Nat Cell Biol”. 7 (7), s. 706-11, Jul 2005. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1276">10.1038/ncb1276</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15965466">15965466</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telomere+fusion+to+chromosome+breaks+reduces+oncogenic+translocations+and+tumour+formation&rft.jtitle=Nat+Cell+Biol&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.aulast=Qi&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.pages=706-11&rft_id=info:pmid/15965466&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fncb1276"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">CW. Greider. <em>Telomerase RNA levels limit the telomere length equilibrium</em>. „Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol”. 71, s. 225-9, 2006. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2006.71.063">10.1101/sqb.2006.71.063</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17381301">17381301</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telomerase+RNA+levels+limit+the+telomere+length+equilibrium&rft.jtitle=Cold+Spring+Harb+Symp+Quant+Biol&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=71&rft.aulast=Greider&rft.aufirst=CW.&rft.pages=225-9&rft_id=info:pmid/17381301&rft_id=info:doi/10.1101%2Fsqb.2006.71.063"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">D. Feldser, MA. Strong, CW. Greider. <em>Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) is not required for telomerase-mediated elongation of short telomeres</em>. „Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A”. 103 (7), s. 2249-51, Feb 2006. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0511143103">10.1073/pnas.0511143103</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467146">16467146</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1413760/">PMC1413760</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ataxia+telangiectasia+mutated+%28Atm%29+is+not+required+for+telomerase-mediated+elongation+of+short+telomeres&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=7&rft.aulast=Feldser&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.pages=2249-51&rft_id=info:pmid/16467146&rft_id=info:pmc/1413760&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0511143103"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">CJ. Frank, M. Hyde, CW. Greider. <em>Regulation of telomere elongation by the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1</em>. „Mol Cell”. 24 (3), s. 423-32, Nov 2006. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2006.10.020">10.1016/j.molcel.2006.10.020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070718">17070718</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+telomere+elongation+by+the+cyclin-dependent+kinase+CDK1&rft.jtitle=Mol+Cell&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=CJ.&rft.pages=423-32&rft_id=info:pmid/17070718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2006.10.020"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">EH. 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Greider. <em>Short telomeres limit tumor progression in vivo by inducing senescence</em>. „Cancer Cell”. 11 (5), s. 461-9, May 2007. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2007.02.026">10.1016/j.ccr.2007.02.026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17433785">17433785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMCPMC1945093/">PMCPMC1945093</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Short+telomeres+limit+tumor+progression+in+vivo+by+inducing+senescence&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Cell&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.aulast=Feldser&rft.aufirst=DM.&rft.pages=461-9&rft_id=info:pmid/17433785&rft_id=info:pmc/PMC1945093&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2007.02.026"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Y. Ma, CW. 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Morrish, CW. 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[dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ascb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ascb_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ascb_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ascb_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225211838/http://www.ascb.org/files/profiles/carol_greider.pdf">Zarchiwizowana kopia</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascb.org/files/profiles/carol_greider.pdf">tego adresu</a> (2010-12-25)].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cv-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cv_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curriculum Vitae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.mbg.jhmi.edu/cv/CVGreider.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal pmid nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">EH.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="EH." style="display:none">E.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Blackburn</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">EH.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="EH.">E.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="EH. 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Harley, AB. Futcher, CW. Greider. <em>Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts</em>. „Nature”. 345 (6274), s. 458-60, May 1990. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/345458a0">10.1038/345458a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2342578">2342578</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telomeres+shorten+during+ageing+of+human+fibroblasts&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=345&rft.issue=6274&rft.aulast=Harley&rft.aufirst=CB.&rft.pages=458-60&rft_id=info:pmid/2342578&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F345458a0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal open-access pmid pmc nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">CM.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="CM." style="display:none">C.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Counter</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">CM.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="CM.">C.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="CM. Counter, AA. Avilion, CE. LeFeuvre, NG. Stewart, CW. Greider, CB. Harley, S. Bacchetti"> i inni</span>, <i>Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity</i>, „The EMBO Journal”, 11 (5), 1992, s. 1921-9, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1582420">1582420</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556651/">PMC556651</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1992&rft.atitle=Telomere+shortening+associated+with+chromosome+instability+is+arrested+in+immortal+cells+which+express+telomerase+activity&rft.jtitle=The+EMBO+Journal&rft.volume=11&rft.edition=5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1582420&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F556651" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gairdner.org/awardrecipients/awardees2/20071998/1998awarde/carolwgrei">Carol W. Greider - The Gairdner Foundation</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_lounsbery">National Academy of Sciences: Richard Lounsbery Award</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dicksonprize.pitt.edu/recipients/2007-greider.php">Carol W. Greider, PhD - Dickson Prize in Medicine</a>. University of Pittsburgh. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/bio_greider_carol.html">Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Basic Research of Biology or Biochemistry - Columbia University Medical Center</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2008/10_01a_08.html">HOPKINS “TELOMERE” EXPERT CAROL GREIDER SHARES GERMANY’S LARGEST SCIENCE PRIZE</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Regina Nuzzo, CW. Greider. <em>Biography of Carol W. Greider</em>. „Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A”. 102 (23), s. 8077-9, Jun 2005. National Academy of Sciences. <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503019102">10.1073/pnas.0503019102</a>. <span class="issn"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15928079">15928079</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMCID" title="PMCID">PMCID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1149435/">PMC1149435</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Carol+W.+Greider&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=%7B%7B%7Bnumer%7D%7D%7D&rft.aulast=Nuzzo&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft.pages=8077-9&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info:pmid/15928079&rft_id=info:pmc/1149435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0503019102"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/28px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/56px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;">Zobacz wiadomość w serwisie Wikinews pt. <a href="https://pl.wikinews.org/wiki/Nobel_z_medycyny_za_odkrycie_telomer%C3%B3w" class="extiw" title="n:Nobel z medycyny za odkrycie telomerów"><b>Nobel z medycyny za odkrycie telomerów</b></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carol_Greider?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Carol Greider</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/press.html">The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Press Release</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719215957/http://www.mbg.jhmi.edu/Pages/people/profile.aspx?PID=11">Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbg.jhmi.edu/Pages/people/profile.aspx?PID=11">tego adresu</a> (2011-07-19)].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greiderlab.org/">The Greider Lab - Johns Hopkins Medicine</a>. [dostęp 2009-10-05].</cite></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Pawłow</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laveran" title="Charles Laveran">Laveran</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Miecznikow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Richet</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Forßmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa_de_Albornoz" title="Severo Ochoa de Albornoz">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Huggins" title="Charles Huggins">Huggins</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Day_Hershey" title="Alfred Day Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Sutherland</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">Snell</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">Vane</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hitchings" title="George Hitchings">Hitchings</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Doherty" title="Peter Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Prusiner</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Furchgott" title="Robert Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Robert_Horvitz" title="Howard Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin’ya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M.-B. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_O%E2%80%99Keefe" title="John O’Keefe">O’Keefe</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Ōsumi</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ratcliffe" title="Peter Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Alter" title="Harvey Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000071421428">0000000071421428</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-8126">0000-0002-5494-8126</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/14925598">14925598</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/nr95042224">nr95042224</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/139389415">139389415</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn25bdr84j4r37f">qn25bdr84j4r37f</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13489912k">13489912k</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/03582378X">03582378X</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/xx0199469">xx0199469</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p315892846">315892846</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09579625">DA09579625</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810688246405606">9810688246405606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202021148328">n2021148328</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007437886605171">987007437886605171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;4961324.html">4961324</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carol-W-Greider">biography/Carol-W-Greider</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/carol-greider">carol-greider</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/carol-widney-greider/">carol-widney-greider</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0516706.xml">0516706</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=68182">68182</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P10861" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P10861">Dimensions</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.dimensions.ai/details/entities/publication/author/ur.0703533536.40">0703533536.40</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&oldid=73601364">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carol_Greider&oldid=73601364</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ameryka%C5%84scy_genetycy" title="Kategoria:Amerykańscy genetycy">Amerykańscy genetycy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Cz%C5%82onkowie_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kategoria:Członkowie National Academy of Sciences">Członkowie National Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nobli%C5%9Bci_%E2%80%93_fizjologia_i_medycyna" title="Kategoria:Nobliści – fizjologia i medycyna">Nobliści – fizjologia i medycyna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1961" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1961">Urodzeni w 1961</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ameryka%C5%84scy_nobli%C5%9Bci" title="Kategoria:Amerykańscy nobliści">Amerykańscy nobliści</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ludzie_urodzeni_w_San_Diego" title="Kategoria:Ludzie urodzeni w San Diego">Ludzie urodzeni w San Diego</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_zamieni%C5%82_nazw%C4%99_czasopisma" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania zamienił nazwę 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