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hreflang="ar" data-title="بومة قرناء كبيرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87" title="بومه قرناء كبيره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بومه قرناء كبيره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Вирджински бухал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вирджински бухал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toud-Virginia" title="Toud-Virginia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Toud-Virginia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duc_americ%C3%A0" title="Duc americà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Duc americà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27xem%C3%A9staa%27e" title="Ma'xeméstaa'e – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'xeméstaa'e" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDr_virginsk%C3%BD" title="Výr virginský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výr virginský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylluan_gorniog_fawr" title="Tylluan gorniog fawr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tylluan gorniog fawr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiauhu" title="Virginiauhu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virginiauhu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl" title="Great horned owl – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Great horned owl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_kornostrigo" title="Granda kornostrigo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Granda kornostrigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بوف شاخدار بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوف شاخدار بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanhuuhkaja" title="Amerikanhuuhkaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amerikanhuuhkaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand-duc_d%27Am%C3%A9rique" title="Grand-duc d'Amérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand-duc d'Amérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3rulchabh%C3%A1n_cluasach" title="Mórulchabhán cluasach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mórulchabhán cluasach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufo_americano" title="Bufo americano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bufo americano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91akurutu_guasu" title="Ñakurutu guasu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñakurutu guasu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוח וירג'יניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוח וירג'יניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_uhu" title="Amerikai uhu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai uhu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B3" title="Վիրջինյան բվեճ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիրջինյան բվեճ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluk_besar" title="Beluk besar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beluk besar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%9F%E3%82%BA%E3%82%AF" title="アメリカワシミミズク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカワシミミズク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1nyuak" title="A̱nyuak – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱nyuak" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC%EB%B6%80%EC%97%89%EC%9D%B4" title="미국수리부엉이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국수리부엉이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_oehoe" title="Amerikaanse oehoe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse oehoe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikahubro" title="Amerikahubro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikahubro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9%CA%BC%C3%A9shjaatsoh" title="Néʼéshjaatsoh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Néʼéshjaatsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puchacz_wirginijski" title="Puchacz wirginijski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Puchacz wirginijski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coruj%C3%A3o-orelhudo" title="Corujão-orelhudo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corujão-orelhudo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Виргинский филин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виргинский филин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl" title="Great horned owl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Great horned owl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDr_bielobrad%C3%BD" title="Výr bielobradý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Výr bielobradý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Америчка буљина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Америчка буљина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiauv" title="Virginiauv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Virginiauv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="பெரிய கொம்பு ஆந்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரிய கொம்பு ஆந்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Пугач віргінський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пугач віргінський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BA_s%E1%BB%ABng" title="Cú sừng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cú sừng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubo_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bubo virginianus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%B5%B0%E9%B4%9E" title="大鵰鴞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大鵰鴞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81515#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/specieswiki.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikispecies" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/specieswiki-wordmark.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/specieswiki-tagline.svg" width="112" height="12" style="width: 7em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Horned_Owl_(1_of_2),_Creekside_Park,_7_May_2014_(14142522721).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Great_Horned_Owl_%281_of_2%29%2C_Creekside_Park%2C_7_May_2014_%2814142522721%29.jpg/220px-Great_Horned_Owl_%281_of_2%29%2C_Creekside_Park%2C_7_May_2014_%2814142522721%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Great_Horned_Owl_%281_of_2%29%2C_Creekside_Park%2C_7_May_2014_%2814142522721%29.jpg/330px-Great_Horned_Owl_%281_of_2%29%2C_Creekside_Park%2C_7_May_2014_%2814142522721%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Great_Horned_Owl_%281_of_2%29%2C_Creekside_Park%2C_7_May_2014_%2814142522721%29.jpg/440px-Great_Horned_Owl_%281_of_2%29%2C_Creekside_Park%2C_7_May_2014_%2814142522721%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption><i>Bubo virginianus virginianus</i>, Creekside Park, Michigan, USA</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bubo_virginianus_dis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bubo_virginianus_dis.png/220px-Bubo_virginianus_dis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bubo_virginianus_dis.png/330px-Bubo_virginianus_dis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bubo_virginianus_dis.png/440px-Bubo_virginianus_dis.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption><i>Bubo virginianus</i> — distribution map</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonavigation">Taxonavigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonavigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Taxonavigation: <a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a>  </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Superregnum: <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Unikonta" title="Unikonta">Unikonta</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a> <br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a><br /> Regnum: <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a><br /> Subregnum: <a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/ParaHoxozoa" title="ParaHoxozoa">ParaHoxozoa</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Nephrozoa" title="Nephrozoa">Nephrozoa</a><br /> Superphylum: <a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a><br /> Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a> <br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Olfactores" title="Olfactores">Olfactores</a><br /> Subphylum: <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a> <br /> Infraphylum: <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata_(Vertebrata)" title="Gnathostomata (Vertebrata)">Gnathostomata</a> <br /> Megaclassis: <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Rhipidistia" title="Rhipidistia">Rhipidistia</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Tetrapodomorpha" title="Tetrapodomorpha">Tetrapodomorpha</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Eotetrapodiformes" title="Eotetrapodiformes">Eotetrapodiformes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Elpistostegalia" title="Elpistostegalia">Elpistostegalia</a><br /> Superclassis: <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">Tetrapoda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Reptiliomorpha" title="Reptiliomorpha">Reptiliomorpha</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Amniota" title="Amniota">Amniota</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a><br /> Classis: <a href="/wiki/Reptilia" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Eureptilia" title="Eureptilia">Eureptilia</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Romeriida" title="Romeriida">Romeriida</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Diapsida" title="Diapsida">Diapsida</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Neodiapsida" title="Neodiapsida">Neodiapsida</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Sauria" title="Sauria">Sauria</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Archelosauria" title="Archelosauria">Archelosauria</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Crocopoda" title="Crocopoda">Crocopoda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Eucrocopoda" title="Eucrocopoda">Eucrocopoda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Archosauria" title="Archosauria">Archosauria</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Ornithodira" title="Ornithodira">Ornithodira</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Dinosauromorpha" title="Dinosauromorpha">Dinosauromorpha</a> <br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Dinosauriformes" title="Dinosauriformes">Dinosauriformes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Dracohors" title="Dracohors">Dracohors</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Dinosauria" title="Dinosauria">Dinosauria</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Saurischia" title="Saurischia">Saurischia</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Neotheropoda" title="Neotheropoda">Neotheropoda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Averostra" title="Averostra">Averostra</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Tetanurae" title="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Avetheropoda" title="Avetheropoda">Avetheropoda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Coelurosauria" title="Coelurosauria">Coelurosauria</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Tyrannoraptora" title="Tyrannoraptora">Tyrannoraptora</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Maniraptoromorpha" title="Maniraptoromorpha">Maniraptoromorpha</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Maniraptoriformes" title="Maniraptoriformes">Maniraptoriformes</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Maniraptora" title="Maniraptora">Maniraptora</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Pennaraptora" title="Pennaraptora">Pennaraptora</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Paraves" title="Paraves">Paraves</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Eumaniraptora" title="Eumaniraptora">Eumaniraptora</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Avialae" title="Avialae">Avialae</a><br /> Classis/Infraclassis: <a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">Aves</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Avebrevicauda" title="Avebrevicauda">Avebrevicauda</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Pygostylia" title="Pygostylia">Pygostylia</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Ornithothoraces" title="Ornithothoraces">Ornithothoraces</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Ornithuromorpha" title="Ornithuromorpha">Ornithuromorpha</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Carinatae" title="Carinatae">Carinatae</a><br /> Subclassis/Parvclassis: <a href="/wiki/Neornithes" title="Neornithes">Neornithes</a><br /> Infraclassis/Cohors: <a href="/wiki/Neognathae" title="Neognathae">Neognathae</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Neoaves" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a><br /> Ordo: <a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Familia: <a href="/wiki/Strigidae" title="Strigidae">Strigidae</a><br /> Subfamilia: <a href="/wiki/Striginae" title="Striginae">Striginae</a> <br /> Genus: <i><a href="/wiki/Bubo" title="Bubo">Bubo</a></i> <br /> Species: <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bubo virginianus</a></i> <br /> Subspecies: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_algistus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus algistus (page does not exist)">B. v. algistus</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_deserti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus deserti (page does not exist)">B. v. deserti</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_elachistus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus elachistus (page does not exist)">B. v. elachistus</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_heterocnemis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus heterocnemis (page does not exist)">B. v. heterocnemis</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_lagophonus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus lagophonus (page does not exist)">B. v. lagophonus</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_mayensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus mayensis (page does not exist)">B. v. mayensis</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_mesembrinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus mesembrinus (page does not exist)">B. v. mesembrinus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Bubo_virginianus_nacurutu" title="Bubo virginianus nacurutu">B. v. nacurutu</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_nigrescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus nigrescens (page does not exist)">B. v. nigrescens</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_pacificus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus pacificus (page does not exist)">B. v. pacificus</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_pallescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus pallescens (page does not exist)">B. v. pallescens</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Bubo_virginianus_pinorum" title="Bubo virginianus pinorum">B. v. pinorum</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_saturatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus saturatus (page does not exist)">B. v. saturatus</a></i> – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus_subarcticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bubo virginianus subarcticus (page does not exist)">B. v. subarcticus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Bubo_virginianus_virginianus" title="Bubo virginianus virginianus">B. v. virginianus</a></i><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bubo virginianus</i> (<span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Gmelin</a></span></span>, 1788) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synonymy">Synonymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Synonymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Strix virginiana</i> (<a href="/wiki/Protonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Protonym">protonym</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Gmelin, J.F.</a></span></span> 1788. <span lang="lt"><i>Caroli a Linné systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i>. Tomus I. <a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae_._._._editio_decima_tertia,_aucta,_reformata" title="Systema Naturae . . . editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata">Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata</a>.</span> - pp. i–xii, 1–500. Lipsiae. (Beer). <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.545">10.5962/bhl.title.545</a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2896887">p. 287 BHL</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Gmelin,_1788" title="Template:Gmelin, 1788">Reference page</a>. .</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vernacular_names">Vernacular names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vernacular names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="padding:0 10px; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 40px; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 40px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; column-count: 2; column-gap: 40px; column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%"><b>العربية:</b> البُومَة القَرناء الكَبيرة<br /><b>български:</b> Вирджински бухал<br /><b>brezhoneg:</b> Toud-Virginia<br /><b>čeština:</b> Výr virginský<br /><b>dansk:</b> Virginiaugle<br /><b>Deutsch:</b> Virginiauhu<br /><b>English:</b> Great Horned Owl, Hoot Owl, Tiger Owl<br /><b>Esperanto:</b> Granda kornostrigo<br /><b>español:</b> Búho Americano<br /><b>eesti:</b> Ameerika kassikakk<br /><b>suomi:</b> Amerikanhuuhkaja<br /><b>français:</b> Grand-duc d'Amérique<br /><b>Gaeilge:</b> Mórulchabhán cluasach<br /><b>galego:</b> Bufo americano<br /><b>Avañe'ẽ:</b> Ñakurutũ guasu<br /><b>magyar:</b> Amerikai uhu<br /><b>italiano:</b> Gufo della Virginia<br /><b>日本語:</b> アメリカワシミミズク<br /><b>lkt:</b> Hiŋháŋhetȟuŋla<br /><b>lietuvių:</b> Virdzinijos apuokas<br /><b>Nederlands:</b> Amerikaanse oehoe<br /><b>norsk:</b> Amerikahubro<br /><b>polski:</b> Puchacz wirginijski<br /><b>português do Brasil:</b> Jacurutu<br /><b>português:</b> Corujão-orelhudo<br /><b>русский:</b> Виргинский филин<br /><b>slovenčina:</b> Výr bielobradý<br /><b>svenska:</b> Virginiauv<br /><b>Türkçe:</b> Amerika puhusu<br /><b>українська:</b> Пугач великий американський<br /><b>中文:</b> 美洲雕鸮<br /></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9803451">.mw-parser-output .sister-project-banner{margin:0.5em 0;clear:both;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:95%;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sister-project-banner-image{text-align:center;width:40px}</style> <div class="sister-project-banner"><div class="sister-project-banner-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Taxon_identifiers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Birding_Association" class="extiw" title="en:American Birding Association">ABA</a>: <span class="uid">grhoow</span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" class="extiw" title="en:Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bubo_virginianus/">Bubo_virginianus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARKive" class="extiw" title="en:ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/great-horned-owl/bubo-virginianus/">bubo-virginianus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Avibase: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=FC366114BD3B51A0">FC366114BD3B51A0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BioLib" title="BioLib">BioLib</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id22473">22473</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BirdLife_International" class="extiw" title="en:BirdLife International">BirdLife</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/61752071">61752071</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" class="extiw" title="en:Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=9495">9495</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/NKTR">NKTR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/eBird" class="extiw" title="en:eBird">eBird</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/grhowl">grhowl</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPPO_Code" class="extiw" title="en:EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BUBOVI">BUBOVI</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Euring: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euring.org/edb/species-maps/sp7430.htm">7430</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FEIS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/animals/bird/buvi/all.html">buvi</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilworks" class="extiw" title="en:Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=161527">161527</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" class="extiw" title="en:Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5959118">5959118</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" class="extiw" title="fr:Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1242">1242</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">GNAB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/great-horned-owl">great-horned-owl</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iNaturalist" class="extiw" title="en:iNaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/20044">20044</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" class="extiw" title="en:Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11272214">11272214</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=177884">177884</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" class="extiw" title="en:IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/61752071">61752071</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" class="extiw" title="en:National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0001689429">NHMSYS0001689429</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="extiw" title="en:National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=56268">56268</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropical_Birds_Online" class="extiw" title="en:Neotropical Birds Online">Neotropical</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/grhowl">grhowl</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">PaleoDB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=161527">161527</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CITES" class="extiw" title="en:CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/3231">3231</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Inventaire_National_du_Patrimoine_Naturel" title="Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel">TAXREF-INPN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/441691">441691</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=2885">2885</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeno-cantocanto" class="extiw" title="en:Xeno-cantocanto">Xeno-</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Bubo-virginianus">Bubo-virginianus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata" class="extiw" title="en:Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81515" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q81515">Q81515</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&oldid=9651236">https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bubo_virginianus&oldid=9651236</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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