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category-ap-vs-chicago category-articles tag-dashes tag-ellipses tag-em-dashes tag-fluffy-animals tag-hyphens tag-periods tag-punctuation tag-spaces tag-technology"><div class="entry-content"><div class="et-l et-l--post"><div class="et_builder_inner_content et_pb_gutters3"><div class="et_social_inline et_social_mobile_on et_social_inline_top"><div class="et_social_networks et_social_6col et_social_slide et_social_rounded et_social_top et_social_no_animation et_social_outer_dark"><ul class="et_social_icons_container"><li class="et_social_facebook"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html&t=Em%20Dashes%20and%20Ellipses%3A%20Closed%20or%20Spaced%20Out%3F" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="facebook" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_facebook"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li><li class="et_social_twitter"> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Em%20Dashes%20and%20Ellipses%3A%20Closed%20or%20Spaced%20Out%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html&via=apvschicago" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="twitter" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_twitter"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li><li class="et_social_linkedin"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html&title=Em%20Dashes%20and%20Ellipses%3A%20Closed%20or%20Spaced%20Out%3F" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="linkedin" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_linkedin"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li><li class="et_social_pinterest"> <a href="#" class="et_social_share_pinterest" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="pinterest" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_pinterest"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_0 et_section_regular" ><div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_0"><div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column_0 et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child"><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_post_title et_pb_post_title_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_text_align_left" ><div class="et_pb_title_container"><h1 class="entry-title">Em Dashes and Ellipses: Closed or Spaced Out?</h1><p class="et_pb_title_meta_container"> by <span class="author vcard"><a href="https://apvschicago.com/author/karen-yin" title="Posts by Karen Yin" rel="author">Karen Yin</a></span> | <span class="comments-number"><a href="https://apvschicago.com/2011/05/em-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html#respond">12 comments</a></span></p></div><div class="et_pb_title_featured_container"><span class="et_pb_image_wrap"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="700" height="400" src="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/apvschicago-em-dashes-ellipses.png" alt="Em Dashes and Ellipses: Closed or Spaced Out?" title="AP vs. Chicago Style Guide" srcset="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/apvschicago-em-dashes-ellipses.png 700w, https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/apvschicago-em-dashes-ellipses-300x171.png 300w, https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/apvschicago-em-dashes-ellipses-610x349.png 610w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" class="wp-image-1024" /></span></div></div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light"><div class="et_pb_text_inner">You might be wondering why I’ve paired the em dash with the ellipsis. Doesn’t the em dash usually get grouped with the en dash and the hyphen? Or, less commonly, with the comma, the colon, and the parenthesis? Sure . . . but those set you up for a discussion on usage, not style. (Please consult your favorite grammar book or blog for notes on usage.) If you look at these marks with style in mind, the ellipsis is most similar to the em dash.</p><blockquote><p>If you look at these marks with style in mind, the ellipsis is most similar to the em dash.</p></blockquote><p>This is the basic difference in how ellipses are rendered in AP style and Chicago style:</p><p><strong>AP</strong> (p. 369): An ellipsis consists of three periods, with a space before and after.</p><ul><li>Hey, guys … what’re you all laughing about? Are you gonna eat that?</li></ul><p><strong>Chicago</strong> (13.48): An ellipsis consists of three spaced periods, with a space before and after.</p><ul><li>Love is . . . retweeting.</li></ul><p><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block; text-align: center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4608055058600882" data-ad-slot="3196235179"></ins><br /> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script><br /> So AP’s ellipsis is three dots shoved together, Chicago’s ellipsis is spaced out, and they both like spaces around the dots. Got it. A complication arises when people insist on using the ellipsis closed (i.e., without spaces between the dots). In that case, I recommend that you omit the space on both sides when attempting to follow Chicago style; this will match Chicago’s spacing preference for the em dash.</p><blockquote><p>So AP’s ellipsis is three dots shoved together, Chicago’s ellipsis is spaced out, and they both like spaces around the dots. Got it.</p></blockquote><p>I do hope that I’m the only one who works with account executives who make editorial decisions based on how pretty something looks rather than how much sense it makes. If not, let’s start a support group. We can sit around, looking forlorn but hopeful. The group will be called Hyphens Are Not Ugly.</p><p>There’s a part in <em>The Chicago Manual of Style</em> (13.48) which says that you, the writer, can use the three-dot glyph provided in word processors (Option-; or Alt-0133), but we, the editors, are just going to change it to the properly spaced version—with nonbreaking spaces between each period, of course. Nice. Likewise, if the author types two hyphens to represent an em dash, the double hyphen will be converted to a proper em dash. It’s quite janitorial in nature, but I suppose much of editing is.</p><blockquote><p>If you begin a line with an em dash or ellipsis, the only reason you would insert a space before is to drive your editor nuts.</p></blockquote><p><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block; text-align: center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4608055058600882" data-ad-slot="3196235179"></ins><br /> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script><br /> This is the basic difference in how em dashes are rendered in AP style and Chicago style:</p><p><strong>AP</strong> (p. 368): An em dash, like an ellipsis, has a space before and after, except when used to introduce items in a vertical list.</p><ul><li>When she called her cats — Chardonnay, Patron and Guinness — the neighbors came running.</li></ul><p><strong>Chicago</strong> (2.13): An em dash has no space before or after, unless you’re doing some fancy word-replacing maneuvers with a 2-em dash.</p><ul><li>Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons—his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded.</li><li>Miss S—— killed Professor P—— with a candlestick in the study.</li></ul><p>If you begin a line with an em dash or ellipsis, the only reason you would insert a space before is to drive your editor nuts.</p><blockquote><p>It’s easy to remember which gets what space where if you make a connection between the style’s intent and the resulting style.</p></blockquote><p>It’s easy to remember which gets what space where if you make a connection between the style’s intent and the resulting style. (See “<a href="https://apvschicago.com/2011/03/different-goals-different-styles-why-ap.html">Different Goals, Different Styles: Why AP and Chicago Are Not Friends</a>.”) If AP style governs journalism, expect it to be condensed (hence the three unspaced dots for the ellipsis) and easily broken across two lines (via a space before and after the em dash and the ellipsis) to accommodate the space limitations and fast turnaround.</p><p>An enthusiastic subscriber to the four-dot-method ellipsis style (Chicago, 13.51), I was thrilled when I saw the period-plus-ellipsis construction in the copy the client provided. This is extremely rare in advertising; well, good grammar is extremely rare. Then, immediately, it was followed by sentences containing five dots and then eight dots. Then fourteen.</p><p>I burn through red pens quickly.</div></div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_post_nav_0 et_pb_posts_nav nav-single"> <span class="nav-previous" > <a href="https://apvschicago.com/2011/05/state-abbreviations-use-traditional-or.html" rel="prev"> <span class="meta-nav">← </span><span class="nav-label">State Abbreviations: Use Traditional or Go Postal?</span> </a> </span> <span class="nav-next" > <a href="https://apvschicago.com/2011/05/numbers-spell-out-or-use-numerals.html" rel="next"> <span class="nav-label">Numbers: Spell Out or Use Numerals? (Number Style 101)</span><span class="meta-nav"> →</span> </a> </span></div></div></div></div><div class="et_social_inline et_social_mobile_on et_social_inline_bottom"><div class="et_social_networks et_social_6col et_social_slide et_social_rounded et_social_top et_social_no_animation et_social_outer_dark"><ul class="et_social_icons_container"><li class="et_social_facebook"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html&t=Em%20Dashes%20and%20Ellipses%3A%20Closed%20or%20Spaced%20Out%3F" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="facebook" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_facebook"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li><li class="et_social_twitter"> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Em%20Dashes%20and%20Ellipses%3A%20Closed%20or%20Spaced%20Out%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html&via=apvschicago" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="twitter" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_twitter"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li><li class="et_social_linkedin"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html&title=Em%20Dashes%20and%20Ellipses%3A%20Closed%20or%20Spaced%20Out%3F" class="et_social_share" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="linkedin" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_linkedin"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li><li class="et_social_pinterest"> <a href="#" class="et_social_share_pinterest" rel="nofollow" data-social_name="pinterest" data-post_id="51" data-social_type="share" data-location="inline"> <i class="et_social_icon et_social_icon_pinterest"></i><span class="et_social_overlay"></span> </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="et_post_meta_wrapper"><section id="comment-wrap"><h1 id="comments" class="page_title">12 Comments</h1><ol class="commentlist clearfix"><li class="comment even thread-even depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-70"><article id="comment-70" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='Joe' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='Joe' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/05946424446477280869" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Joe</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on September 8, 2011 at 5:14 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>The AP em dash and Chicago em dash given in the example immediately above appear to be exactly the same.</p><p>Also, isn't an AP em dash really a space before and after an en dash? (typographically speaking?). A space before and after an em dash is exceeding long, it seems to me.</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-69"><article id="comment-69" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/07527377315321496366" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">K. Y.</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on September 8, 2011 at 5:18 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>Thanks, Joe! Yay for crowd-sourced proofreading! And, yes, the spaces make the AP em dash look really long, and I suspect that this is why many people use an en dash instead. Don't do it!</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment even thread-even depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-66"><article id="comment-66" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='mondovox' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='mondovox' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="http://mondovox.wordpress.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">mondovox</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on November 30, 2011 at 8:50 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>Back in the 80's, my typesetter would insert a partial space before and after dashes for me. It helped readability while not looking too spacey ;-]</p><p>Of course, computer's caused all sorts of problems not the least of which is the hard-to-set true apostrophe and quote.</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-44"><article id="comment-44" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/03169090627419568358" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Unknown</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on June 25, 2014 at 2:54 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>How does AP style handle a full sentence followed by an ellipsis? Chicago says to put a period directly after sentence, then the ellipsis (four dots). But I am proofing for an AP style user and am not sure what to do. Should I even add the fourth dot (the period after the sentence)?</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment even thread-even depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-43"><article id="comment-43" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/07527377315321496366" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">K. Y.</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on June 25, 2014 at 2:57 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>After the period, one space, then three dots. Check the "ellipsis" entry in AP Stylebook. It's a fun read.</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-42"><article id="comment-42" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='William Bailey' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='William Bailey' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/04562299443549431431" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">William Bailey</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on July 11, 2014 at 5:22 am </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>I am curious what AP guide you are looking at. In the online version, they state:</p><p>In the ANPA specifications AP follows, there is no en or em dash. AP stories use an underscore with spaces on each side for a thick dash. The en is equivalent to a hyphen, which links two words without spaces. Some publications use a double hyphen with spaces on either side to indicate a thick dash.</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment even thread-even depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-41"><article id="comment-41" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/07527377315321496366" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">K. Y.</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on July 11, 2014 at 5:25 am </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>I use the online version as well as the latest print edition. Look under the "dash" entry for an explanation of the long dash. Also, if you search online for "dash," you will see how the answer varies on this subject. One frequently repeated answer says, "Based on the ANPA specifications AP follows, there's no en or short dash (though a hyphen would be the equivalent of a short dash). In ANPA, an em or long dash is the underscore. So that's what AP uses." Interesting, yeah?</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-38"><article id="comment-38" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/11880569852264257154" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Unknown</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on January 23, 2015 at 8:00 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>You may want to delete the serial comma in your AP-style example (after the second cat's name) to avoid confusing readers.</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment even thread-even depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-37"><article id="comment-37" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='K. Y.' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/07527377315321496366" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">K. Y.</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on January 23, 2015 at 8:02 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>Thank you so much!</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-25"><article id="comment-25" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/01552160292297735207" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Unknown</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on October 19, 2015 at 6:06 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>The Chicago style of the em dash never made visual sense to me, what with not having any space around the em dash. In general use on the internet, the em dash usually ends up having maybe one pixel of space around it, resulting in the letters on either side being right up against the dash. Its very cramped and seems to go against the intention of that dash — to visually separate a concept in the sequence of words, and which mimics the abrupt pauses we use while speaking. But I see that your em dashes on here have a few pixels of breathing space around them, and the Chicago style surprisingly looks fine. It must be your style sheet? I wish I could wave my style brush to give all those cramped em dashes out there some breathing space.</p><p>For the ellipsis, I've always felt that… it should be connected to the word preceding it, since this is a reflection of how people speak, as emphasis or in trailing off or stretching out that preceding word while they're thinking about what to say next. The AP and Chicago styles both emphasize the gap or pause between the words — like taking a breath — rather than emphasizing the effect on that trailing word itself. Maybe this comes down to a difference in intention: first person narrative versus didactic prose.</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment even thread-even depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-15"><article id="comment-15" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='Jim Cummings' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='Jim Cummings' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/06157320919317367389" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Jim Cummings</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on September 30, 2016 at 12:08 am </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>It seems to me the digital em-dash is too wide—wider than an "m" for sure! As if it expanded to fill the width the old type-face's built-in mini-spaces on both ends. That may be why the digital space-en-space "wrong" usage actually looks more "right." Hmmm – maybe so!</p><p>(This "hmm" example is indeed what the samples in this post look like, more en-width than the huge em-width ones my keyboard generates)</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li><li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 et-pb-non-builder-comment" id="li-comment-13"><article id="comment-13" class="comment-body clearfix"><div class="comment_avatar"> <noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript><img alt='Unknown' src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%2080%2080%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=80&d=blank&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/41dc3e007986c35dc46763689fa93174?s=160&d=blank&r=g 2x' class='lazyload avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></div><div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/08448832659078251844" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Unknown</a></span> <span class="comment_date"> on October 27, 2016 at 4:32 pm </span></div><div class="comment_area"><div class="comment-content clearfix"><p>I keep seeing the ellipses immediately following the word, with no space, and then a space after the third dot. It bugs me because that is neither AP nor Chicago style. What style guide says to do this, and why is this becoming a "thing"?</p> <span class="reply-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-login" href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">Log in to Reply</a></span></div></div></article></li></ol><div id="trackbacks"><h3 id="trackbacks-title">Trackbacks/Pingbacks</h3><ol class="pinglist"><li id="comment-99"><a href="http://ta.selkiesea.com/2014/11/04/all-the-grammar-knowledge-you-need-for-nano/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">All the Grammar Knowledge You Need for NaNo | Story Addict</a> - […] both Chicago and AP style, a space is used before and after the ellipsis. Chicago style also includes a…</li><li id="comment-105"><a href="https://radix-communications.com/em-dash-use/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">What is an em dash, and when should you use it? - Radix</a> - […] be used without any spaces between—much like this. Newspaper style guides and others that follow AP style however, are…</li><li id="comment-130"><a href="http://www.lexingtonwriting.com/when-do-you-use-an-em-dash/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">What’s the difference between an em dash, en dash, and hyphen? | Lexington Writing Firm</a> - […] to Chicago Style, no space is required between the word and the em dash. If you prefer AP Style,…</li><li id="comment-131"><a href="http://www.freelanceknight.com/proofreader-pet-peeves-list-7/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Proofreader Pet Peeves List #7 | Freelance Knight</a> - […] Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons—his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded. Miss S—— killed Professor P—— with…</li><li id="comment-139"><a href="https://dulaisdave.wordpress.com/2018/10/05/how-to-transcribe-test/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">How to Transcribe: Test | Dave of the Dulais</a> - […] Karen Yin, ‘Em Dashes and Ellipses: Closed or Spaced Out?’, APvsChicago: Edit or Die.com, retrieved 4 October 2018: https://apvschicago.com/2011/05/em-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html…</li><li id="comment-1626"><a href="https://thomasrknight.com/proofreader-pet-peeves-list-7" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Proofreader Pet Peeves List #7 - Thomas R Knight</a> - […] Glitter, felt, yarn, and buttons—his kitchen looked as if a clown had exploded. Miss S—— killed Professor P—— with…</li><li id="comment-1649"><a href="https://anne-wheeler.com/formatting-issues/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Recent reading annoyances - Anne Wheeler</a> - […] Ellipses […]</li></ol></div><div id="respond" class="comment-respond"><h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title"><span>Submit a Comment</span> <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2011/05/em-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><p class="must-log-in">You must be <a href="https://apvschicago.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fapvschicago.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fem-dashes-and-ellipses-closed-or-spaced.html">logged in</a> to post a comment.</p></div></section></div></article></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="text-6" class="et_pb_widget widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://shopuni-t.com/quiet-press" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Edit or Die” T-Shirts</a><br /> <a href="https://shopuni-t.com/quiet-press" target="”_blank”"><noscript><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-1427 aligncenter" src="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/apvschicago-tshirt-300x300.jpeg" alt="A fitted red T-shirt with the AP vs. Chicago logo." width="300" height="300" /></noscript><img decoding="async" class="lazyload size-medium wp-image-1427 aligncenter" src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%20300%20300%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/apvschicago-tshirt-300x300.jpeg" alt="A fitted red T-shirt with the AP vs. Chicago logo." width="300" height="300" /></a><br /> <a href="https://www.etsy.com/listing/525663595/edit-or-die-mug-15-oz-blackcharcoal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Edit or Die” Mug</a><a href="https://www.etsy.com/listing/525663595/edit-or-die-mug-15-oz-blackcharcoal" target="”_blank”"><noscript><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-883 size-medium" src="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square-300x300.jpg" alt="A black stoneware mug with the AP vs. Chicago logo." width="300" height="300" srcset="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square-300x300.jpg 300w, https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square-150x150.jpg 150w, https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></noscript><img decoding="async" class="lazyload aligncenter wp-image-883 size-medium" src='data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20viewBox=%220%200%20300%20300%22%3E%3C/svg%3E' data-src="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square-300x300.jpg" alt="A black stoneware mug with the AP vs. Chicago logo." width="300" height="300" data-srcset="https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square-300x300.jpg 300w, https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square-150x150.jpg 150w, https://apvschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/editordie-mug-square.jpg 360w" data-sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p></div></div><div id="text-7" class="et_pb_widget widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://consciousstyleguide.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Offended? 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