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The blocked range is 8.222.128.0/17. </p><p>Please include all above details in any queries you make. </p> If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard">Stewards Block Wizard</a>.</div></div><hr /> <p>Tista' tara u tikkopja s-sors ta' din il-paġna. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="mt" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Infobox city}} '''Venezja''' hija belt fil-grigal tal-[[Italja]] u l-kapitali tar- reġjun tal-[[Veneto]]. Din il-belt hija mifruxa fuq grupp ta' 118-il&nbsp;gżira żgħira<ref name=":1">{{Ċita web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394/|titlu=Venice and its Lagoon|kunjom=Centre|isem=UNESCO World Heritage|sit=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> li huma separati b'kanali u marbuta b'aktar minn 400&nbsp;pont.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://venicegondola.com/en/the-bridges-of-venice-what-are-the-most-famous-bridges-list-bridges-in-venice/|titlu=The Bridges of Venice - What are the most Famous bridges|sit=venicegondola.com|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2021-03-22|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115031043/http://venicegondola.com/en/the-bridges-of-venice-what-are-the-most-famous-bridges-list-bridges-in-venice/|arkivju-data=2016-01-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Il-gżejjer jinsabu fil-Laguna Venezjana, bajja baxxa magħluqa li tinsab bejn il-bokki tax-xmajjar Po u Piave (preċiżament bejn ix-xmajjar Brenta u Sile). Fl-2018, kien hemm 260,897&nbsp;persuna joqogħdu fil-Komun ta' Venezja, li minnhom madwar 55,000 ruħ jgħixu fiċ-ċentru storiku ta' Venezja. Flimkien ma' [[Padova]] u [[Treviso]], il-belt hija inkluża fiż-Żona Metropolitana ta' Padova-Treviso-Venezja (PATREVE), li hija statistikament ikkunsidrata bħala żona metropolitana, b'popolazzjoni totali ta' 2.6&nbsp;miljun ruħ.<ref>{{Ċita aħbar|kunjom=|isem=|data=6 Marzu 2011|titlu=Patreve, l'attuale governance non-funziona|url=http://www.univiu.org/rassegna_docs/corrieredellasera_06032011_micelli.pdf|pubblikazzjoni=Corriere Della Sera|koawturi=|aċċess=}}</ref> L-isem huwa derivat min-nies Veneti tal-qedem li abitaw fir-reġjun sas-seklu 10&nbsp;[[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/|titlu=Online Etymology Dictionary {{!}} Origin, history and meaning of English words|sit=www.etymonline.com|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> Il-belt kienet storikament il-[[belt kapitali]] tar-Repubblika ta' Venezja għal millennju u aktar, mis-697 sal-1797. Kienet qawwa finanzjarja u marittima kbira matul il-[[Medjuevu|Medju Evu]] u [[Rinaxximent|r-Rinaxximent]], u żona ta' waqfien għall-[[Kruċjata|Kruċjati]] u l-[[Battalja ta 'Lepanto (1571)|Battalja ta' Lepanto]], kif ukoll ċentru importanti ta' kummerċ; speċjalment ħarir, qamħ u [[Kummerċ tal-ħwawar|ħwawar]], u tal-[[arti]] mis-seklu 13 sal-aħħar tas-[[seklu 17]]. Il-belt-stat ta' Venezja hija meqjusa bħala l-ewwel ċentru finanzjarju internazzjonali, li tfaċċa fis-seklu 9 u laħaq l-akbar prominenza tiegħu fis-seklu 14. Dan għamel lil Venezja belt sinjura matul il-parti l-kbira tal-istorja tagħha.<ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Charnock|isem=Richard Stephen|sena=1859|titlu=Local etymology; a derivative dictionary of geographical names|editur=London : Houlston and Wright}}</ref> Wara l-[[Gwerer Napoleoniċi]] u l-Kungress ta' Vjenna, ir-Repubblika ġiet annessa mill-Imperu Awstrijaku, sakemm saret parti mir-[[Renju ta 'l-Italja|Renju tal-Italja]] fl-1866, wara referendum li sar bħala riżultat tat-Tielet Gwerra tal-Indipendenza Taljana.[[Stampa:Venice view, Grand Canal, Venice, Italy.jpg|daqsminuri| Gondola Punta u Basilica Salute]][[Stampa:Exterior of St. Mark's Basilica 03.jpg|daqsminuri| Il-Bażilika ta' San Mark fiha r-relikwi ta' San Mark l-Evanġelista]]Venezja kienet magħrufa bħala "La Dominante", "La Serenissima", "Reġina tal-[[Baħar Adrijatiku|Adrijatiku]]", "Belt tal-Ilma", "Belt tal-Maskri", "Belt tal-Pontijiet", "Belt f'Wiċċ l-Ilma", u "Belt tal-Kanali". Il-laguna u parti mill-belt huma elenkati bħala [[Sit ta’ Wirt Dinji|Sit tal-Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]]. Partijiet minn Venezja huma magħrufa għas-sbuħija xenika tagħhom, kif ukoll għall-arkitettura u għall-arti tagħhom.<ref name="UNESCO Venice">{{Ċita web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394/|titlu=Venice and its Lagoon|kunjom=Centre|isem=UNESCO World Heritage|sit=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> Venezja hija magħrufa għal diversi movimenti artistiċi importanti; speċjalment matul il-perjodu tar-Rinaxximent, kellha rwol importanti fl-istorja tal-[[mużika]] sinfonika u operistika, u hija l-post fejn twieled [[Antonio Vivaldi]]. Għalkemm il-belt qed tiffaċċja xi sfidi (inkluż numru eċċessiv ta' turisti u problemi kkawżati mit-tniġġis, il-quċċati tal-marea u l-vapuri tal-kruċieri li jbaħħru viċin wisq tal-bini), Venezja tibqa' destinazzjoni turistika popolari ħafna, ċentru [[Kultura|kulturali]] ewlieni, u ġiet ikklassifikata kemm-il darba bħala l-isbaħ belt fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://ww12.themeshnews.com/|titlu=Top 10 most Beautiful Cities in the World 2017|kunjom=|isem=|sit=TheMeshNews.com|data-aċċess=2021-01-29|aċċess=|koawturi=|opra=|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123165608/http://ww12.themeshnews.com/|arkivju-data=2020-11-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://worldchacha.com/most-beautiful-cities-capital-in-the-world/10/|titlu=Top 10 Most Beautiful Cities In The World WorldChaCha - Part 10|sit=worldchacha.com|data-aċċess=2021-01-29|aċċess=|opra=|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109104155/https://worldchacha.com/most-beautiful-cities-capital-in-the-world/10/|arkivju-data=2019-11-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ġiet deskritta mit-''Times Online'' bħala waħda mill-iktar bliet romantiċi tal-[[Ewropa]]<ref>{{Ċita aħbar|kunjom=Bleach|isem=Stephen|data=17 Ġunju 2007|titlu=Europes most romantic city breaks|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article1936951.ece|pubblikazzjoni=The Times Online|koawturi=|aċċess=|data-aċċess=2021-01-29|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629135216/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article1936951.ece|arkivju-data=2011-06-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> u minn ''The New York Times'' bħala "bla dubju l-isbaħ belt mibnija mill-[[bniedem]]".<ref>{{Ċita aħbar|kunjom=Barzini|isem=Luigi|data=1982-05-30|titlu=THE MOST BEAUTIFUL CITY IN THE WORLD (Published 1982)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/30/books/the-most-beautiful-city-in-the-world.html|pubblikazzjoni=The New York Times|lingwa=en-US|aċċess=}}</ref> == Etimoloġija == [[Stampa:Venezia_Palazzo_Ducale_01.jpg|xellug|daqsminuri| Il-Palazz tad-Doge, l-ex residenza tad-Doge ta' Venezja]] L-isem tal-belt, li ġej mill-forom [[Lingwa Latina|Latini]] ''Venetia'' u ''Venetiae'', x'aktarx jittieħed minn "''Venetia et Histria''", l-isem [[Imperu Ruman|Ruman]] ta' ''Regio X'' tal-Italja Rumana, iżda applikat għall-parti kostali tar-reġjun li baqgħet taħt l-Imperu Ruman barra tal-kontroll Gotiku, Lombard, u [[Franza|Franċiż]]. L-isem ''Venetia'', madankollu, ġej mill-isem Ruman għall-poplu magħruf bħala l-Veneti, u msejjaħ mill-Griegi ''Enetoi'' (Ἐνετοί). It-tifsira tal-kelma mhix ċerta, għalkemm hemm tribujiet oħra Indo-Ewropej b'ismijiet li jidhru simili, bħall-Veneti Ċeltiċi u l-Vistula Veneti Slavi. Il-lingwisti jissuġġerixxu li l-isem huwa bbażat fuq għerq Indo-Ewropew *''wen'' ("imħabba"), fejn *''wenetoi'' tfisser "maħbub". Konnessjoni mal-kelma Latina ''venetus'', li tfisser il-kulur "blu tal-baħar", hija wkoll possibbli. Konnessjonijiet issuġġeriti oħra kienu ta' ''Venetia'' mal-verb Latin ''venire'' (ġie), bħal ''veni etiam'' ("Madankollu, ġejt!") ta' Marin Sanudo, l-għajta issoponuta tal-ewwel refuġjati lejn il-laguna Venezjana, jew saħansitra ''venia'' ("maħfra"). Il-forma alternattiva antikwata hija ''Vinegia'' [viˈnɛːdʒa]<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.dizionario.rai.it/poplemma.aspx?lid=2153&r=8060|titlu=Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia|sit=www.dizionario.rai.it|data-aċċess=2021-03-22|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019202551/http://www.dizionario.rai.it/poplemma.aspx?lid=2153&r=8060|arkivju-data=2013-10-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> (bil-Venezjan: ''Venèxia'' [veˈnɛzja]; bil-Latin: ''Venetiae''). == Ġeografija == [[Stampa:View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca'Foscari.jpg|daqsminuri| Il-Gran Canal minn Rialto sa Ca'Foscari]] Venezja mibnija fuq il-ħama alluvjali maħsula lejn il-baħar mix-xmajjar li jiċċirkolaw lejn il-Lvant mill-Alpi madwar il-pjanura tal-Veneto, fejn il-ħama tiġi mġebbda fi xtut twal, jew ''lidi'', bl-azzjoni tal-kurrent li jiċċirkola madwar ras il-Baħar Adrijatiku mil-Lvant lejn il-Punent.<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Venice". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 995.</ref> [[Stampa:Aqua_alta_venise_07.jpg|daqsminuri| Piazza San Marco taħt l-ilma fl-2007]] [[Stampa:AcquaAlta1_12_2008_3.JPG|daqsminuri| ''Acqua alta'' ("ilma għoli") f'Venezja, 2008]] === Għargħar === Bejn il-ħarifa u l-bidu tar-rebbiegħa, il-belt ħafna drabi tkun mhedda minn mareat ta' għargħar li jimbuttaw 'il ġewwa mill-[[Baħar Adrijatiku|Adrijatiku]]. Sitt mitt sena ilu, il-Venezjani pproteġew lilhom infushom minn attakki fuq l-art billi ddevjaw ix-xmajjar maġġuri kollha li jiċċirkolaw fil-laguna u b'hekk jipprevjenu s-sediment milli jimla ż-żona madwar il-belt.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venice/sieg_nf.html|titlu=NOVA {{!}} Sinking City of Venice {{!}} Venice Under Siege (non-Flash) {{!}} PBS|sit=www.pbs.org|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> Dan ħoloq laguna aktar fonda. Fl-1604, biex titħallas l-ispiża għall-ħelsien mill-għargħar, Venezja introduċiet dak li jista' jitqies bħala l-ewwel eżempju ta' "taxxa tal-boll". Meta d-dħul kien anqas milli mistenni fl-1608, Venezja introduċiet karta, bis-superskrizzjoni "AQ" u struzzjonijiet stampati, li kellhom jintużaw għall-"ittri lill-uffiċjali". Għall-ewwel, din kellha tkun taxxa temporanja, iżda baqgħet fis-seħħ sal-waqgħa tar-Repubblika fl-1797. Ftit wara l-introduzzjoni tat-taxxa, [[Spanja]] pproduċiet karta simili għal skopijiet ta' tassazzjoni ġenerali, u l-prattika nfirxet f'pajjiżi oħra. Matul is-seklu 20, meta ħafna bjar ġew mħaffra fil-periferija tal-laguna biex jiġbdu l-ilma għall-industrija lokali, Venezja bdiet tonqos. Ġie realizzat li l-estrazzjoni tal-ilma mill-akwifer kienet il-kawża. L-għarqa naqset sew minn mindu l-bjar ġew ipprojbiti fis-snin 60 tas-seklu 20. Madankollu, il-belt għadha mhedda minn għargħar aktar frekwenti ta' livell baxx magħrufa bħala l-''acqua alta'', li titla' sa għoli ta' diversi ċentimetri fuq il-mollijiet – regolarment wara ċerti mareat. F'ħafna djar qodma, it-taraġ li darba kienu jintużaw biex iħottu l-merkanzija issa huma mgħarrqa, u b'hekk l-ewwel pjan terran ma jistax jiġi abitat. Studji jindikaw li l-belt qed tkompli tinżel b'rata relattivament bil-mod ta' 1-2 mm fis-sena;<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/la-subsidenza-e-leustatismo|titlu=La subsidenza e l'eustatismo|kunjom=BM032176|data=2017-04-03|sit=Comune di Venezia.|lingwa=it|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> għalhekk, it-twissija ma ġietx revokata. F'Mejju 2003, il-Prim Ministru [[Silvio Berlusconi|Taljan Silvio Berlusconi]] inawgura l-Proġett MOSE (''Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico''), mudell sperimentali għall-evalwazzjoni tal-prestazzjoni ta' tavli vojta li jżommu f'wiċċ l-ilma; l-idea hi li tiffissa serje ta' 78 tavla vojta minn qiegħ il-baħar tul it-tliet daħliet għal-laguna. Meta l-mareat ikunu mbassra li jitilgħu 'l fuq minn 110&nbsp;cm, it-tavli jimtlew bl-arja, u b'hekk iżommu f'wiċċ l-ilma u jimblukkaw l-ilma li dieħel mill-Baħar Adrijatiku.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.water-technology.net/projects/mose-project/|titlu=MOSE Project, Venice, Venetian Lagoon - Water Technology|sit=www.water-technology.net|data-aċċess=2021-03-22|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124054109/https://www.water-technology.net/projects/mose-project/|arkivju-data=2019-11-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dan ix-xogħol ta' inġinerija kellu jitlesta sal-2018. Rapport ta' [[Reuters]] iddikjara li l-Proġett MOSE attribwixxa d-dewmien għal "skandli ta' korruzzjoni".<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6161825/venice-italy-flooding-disaster/|titlu=Venice mayor declares disaster as city hit with 2nd-highest tide in history|sit=Global News|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> Il-proġett mhux garantit li jirnexxi u l-ispiża kienet għolja ħafna, b'madwar €2&nbsp;biljun mill-ispiża mitlufa minħabba l-korruzzjoni. Fit-13 ta' Novembru 2019, Venezja ġiet mgħarrqa meta l-ilmijiet laħqu l-quċċata ta' 1.87&nbsp;m (6&nbsp;piedi), l-ogħla marea mill-1966 (1.94 m).<ref>{{Ċita aħbar|data=2019-11-13|titlu=Venice floods: Climate change behind highest tide in 50 years, says mayor|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50401308|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> Aktar minn 80 % tal-belt kienet mgħerrqa bl-ilma, li għamlet ħsara lis-siti tal-wirt kulturali, inklużi aktar minn 50 knisja, li wasslu biex it-turisti jħassru ż-żjarat tagħhom.<ref name=":0">"Venice submerged by highest tides in half a century". ''The Washington Post''. 13 ta' Novembru 2019. </ref> L-ilqugħ ippjanat għall-għargħar kien jipprevjeni dan l-inċident skont diversi sorsi, inkluż Marco Piana, il-kap tal-konservazzjoni fil-Bażilika ta' San Mark. Is-sindku wiegħed li x-xogħol fuq l-ilqugħ tal-għargħar se jkompli,<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/venice-flooding-city-underwater-right-wing-mayor-climate-change-1471438|titlu=Venice flooding sees more than 85 percent of city underwater as right-wing mayor blames climate change|kunjom=EST|isem=Aristos Georgiou On 11/13/19 at 6:14 AM|data=2019-11-13|sit=Newsweek|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2021-03-22}}</ref> u l-Prim Ministru ħabbar li l-gvern se jkun qed jaċċellera l-proġett. Is-sindku tal-belt, Luigi Brugnaro, qal li l-għargħar huwa kkaġunat mit-[[tibdil fil-klima]]. Il-kmamar tal-Kunsill Reġjonali tal-Veneto bdew jiġu mgħarrqa għall-ħabta tal-10 ta' filgħaxija, żewġ minuti wara li l-kunsill irrifjuta pjan biex jiġġieled it-tisħin globali. Wieħed mill-effetti tat-tibdil fil-klima huwa ż-żieda fil-livell tal-baħar li tikkawża żieda fil-frekwenza u l-kobor tal-għargħar fil-belt. Rapport tal-Washington Post ipprovda analiżi aktar bir-reqqa:<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>"Il-livell tal-baħar ilu jogħla ferm iktar b'mod rapidu f'Venezja milli f'partijiet oħra tad-dinja. Fl-istess ħin, il-belt qed tegħreq, bħala r-riżultat ta' ċaqliq fil-plakek tettoniċi taħt il-kosta Taljana. Dawk il-fatturi flimkien, flimkien mal-avvenimenti iktar frekwenti ta' temp estrem assoċjati mat-tibdil fil-klima, jikkontribwixxu għall-għargħar". (traduzzjoni mhux uffiċjali)</blockquote>Henk Ovink, espert dwar l-għargħar, qal lil CNN li, filwaqt li fatturi ambjentali huma parti mill-problema, "għargħar storiku f'Venezja mhux biss huwa riżultat tal-kriżi tal-klima iżda infrastruttura ħażina u tħaddim ħażin fl-immaniġġjar tagħha". Il-gvern tal-Italja impenja ruħu li jipprovdi 20&nbsp;miljun [[ewro]] f'finanzjament biex jgħin lill-belt issewwi l-iktar aspetti urġenti għalkemm l-istima ta' Brugnaro tal-ħsara totali kienet "mijiet ta' miljuni" sa mill-inqas biljun ewro. Fit-3 ta' Ottubru 2020, il-MOSE ġie attivat għall-ewwel darba biex jipprevjeni avveniment ta' marea mbassra, u jipprevjeni li wħud mill-partijiet baxxi tal-belt (b'mod partikolari l-[[Pjazza]] San Marco) jiġu mgħarrqa. == Sit ta' Wirt Dinji == [[Stampa:Rio_Priuli_o_de_Santa_Sofia_(Venice).jpg|lemin|daqsminuri| Veduta ta' Venezja mill-Ponte Priuli a Santa Sofia, lejn il-Pont de le Vele]]Venezja u l-Laguna tagħha ġew iddeżinjati bħala Sit ta' Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO fl-1987.<ref name=":1" /> Il-valur universali straordinarju tas-sit ġie rrikonoxxut abbażi ta' sitt kriterji tal-għażla tal-UNESCO: il-'''kriterju (i)''' "Rappreżentazzjoni ta' kapulavur frott il-kreattività tal-bniedem"; il-'''kriterju (ii)''' "Wirja ta' skambju importanti ta' valuri umani, tul perjodu ta' żmien jew fi ħdan żona kulturali fid-dinja, dwar l-iżviluppi fl-arkitettura jew it-teknoloġija, l-arti monumentali, l-ippjanar tal-bliet jew id-disinn tal-pajsaġġ"; il-'''kriterju (iii)''' "Xhieda unika jew minn tal-inqas eċċezzjonali ta' tradizzjoni kulturali jew ta' ċivilizzazzjoni li għadha ħajja jew li għebet"; il-'''kriterju (iv)''' "Eżempju straordinarju ta' tip ta' bini, ta' grupp ta' siti jew ta' pajsaġġ arkitettoniku jew teknoloġiku li joħroġ fid-dieher stadju/i sinifikanti fl-istorja tal-bniedem"; il-'''kriterju (v)''' "Eżempju straordinarju ta' insedjament uman tradizzjonali, ta' użu tal-art jew ta' użu tal-baħar, li jirrappreżenta kultura (jew kulturi), jew interazzjoni umana mal-ambjent, speċjalment meta jkun sar vulnerabbli minħabba l-impatt ta' bidla irreversibbli"; u l-'''kriterju (vi)''' "Assoċjazzjoni diretta jew tanġibbli ma' avvenimenti jew ma' tradizzjonijiet ħajjin, ma' ideat jew ma' twemmin, jew ma' xogħlijiet artistiċi jew letterarji ta' valur universali straordinarju".<ref name=":1" /> == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Bliet tal-Italja]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji Kulturali]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Italja]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div 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