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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Hidr%C3%B2xid+de+sodi" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Hidr%C3%B2xid+de+sodi" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propietats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Propietats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Propietats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Propietats</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Propietats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propietats_físiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietats_físiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Propietats físiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propietats_físiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propietats_químiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propietats_químiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Propietats químiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propietats_químiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaccions_àcid-base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaccions_àcid-base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Reaccions àcid-base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaccions_àcid-base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaccions_redox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaccions_redox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Reaccions redox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaccions_redox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saponificació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saponificació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Saponificació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saponificació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obtenció_industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obtenció_industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Obtenció industrial</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Obtenció_industrial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Obtenció industrial</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Obtenció_industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cel·les_de_membrana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cel·les_de_membrana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cel·les de membrana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cel·les_de_membrana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cel·les_de_mercuri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cel·les_de_mercuri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cel·les de mercuri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cel·les_de_mercuri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cel·les_de_diafragma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cel·les_de_diafragma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cel·les de diafragma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cel·les_de_diafragma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Perills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hidròxid de sodi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 80 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhidroksied" title="Natriumhidroksied - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Natriumhidroksied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="هيدروكسيد الصوديوم - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدروكسيد الصوديوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xidu_de_sodiu" title="Hidróxidu de sodiu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hidróxidu de sodiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سودیوم هیدروکسید - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سودیوم هیدروکسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натриев хидроксид - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Натриев хидроксид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="সোডিয়াম হাইড্রোক্সাইড - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোডিয়াম হাইড্রোক্সাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrij-hidroksid" title="Natrij-hidroksid - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Natrij-hidroksid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid sodný - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hydroxid sodný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%C4%95" title="Натрий гидроксичĕ - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Натрий гидроксичĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroxid" title="Natriumhydroxid - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Natriumhydroxid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroxid" title="Natriumhydroxid - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Natriumhydroxid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Υδροξείδιο του νατρίου - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδροξείδιο του νατρίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sodium hydroxide" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natria_hidroksido" title="Natria hidroksido - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Natria hidroksido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_sodio" title="Hidróxido de sodio - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidróxido de sodio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naatriumh%C3%BCdroksiid" title="Naatriumhüdroksiid - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naatriumhüdroksiid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodio_hidroxido" title="Sodio hidroxido - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sodio hidroxido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سدیم هیدروکسید - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سدیم هیدروکسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroksidi" title="Natriumhydroksidi - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Natriumhydroksidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyde_de_sodium" title="Hydroxyde de sodium - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydroxyde de sodium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naatriumh%C3%BCdroksiid" title="Naatriumhüdroksiid - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Naatriumhüdroksiid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_sodio" title="Hidróxido de sodio - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hidróxido de sodio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiddrocseed_hodjum" title="Hiddrocseed hodjum - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hiddrocseed hodjum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99" title="נתרן הידרוקסידי - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נתרן הידרוקסידי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="सोडियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोडियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijev_hidroksid" title="Natrijev hidroksid - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Natrijev hidroksid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1trium-hidroxid" title="Nátrium-hidroxid - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nátrium-hidroxid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D6%85%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Նատրիումի հիդրօքսիդ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նատրիումի հիդրօքսիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Natrium hidroksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADtiss%C3%B3di" title="Vítissódi - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vítissódi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrossido_di_sodio" title="Idrossido di sodio - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrossido di sodio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E3%83%8A%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="水酸化ナトリウム - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水酸化ナトリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Natrium hidroksida" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნატრიუმის ჰიდროქსიდი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნატრიუმის ჰიდროქსიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriy_gidroksid" title="Natriy gidroksid - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Natriy gidroksid" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Натрий гидроксиді - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Натрий гидроксиді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="수산화 나트륨 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수산화 나트륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Натрий гидроксиди - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Натрий гидроксиди" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lixivium" title="Lixivium - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lixivium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrio_hidroksidas" title="Natrio hidroksidas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Natrio hidroksidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81trija_hidroks%C4%ABds" title="Nātrija hidroksīds - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nātrija hidroksīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натриум хидроксид - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Натриум хидроксид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="സോഡിയം ഹൈഡ്രോക്സൈഡ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോഡിയം ഹൈഡ്രോക്സൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натрийн гидроксид - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Натрийн гидроксид" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Natrium hidroksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA" title="ဆိုဒီယမ် ဟိုက်ဒရောက်ဆိုဒ် - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုဒီယမ် ဟိုက်ဒရောက်ဆိုဒ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroxid" title="Natriumhydroxid - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Natriumhydroxid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroxide" title="Natriumhydroxide - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natriumhydroxide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroksid" title="Natriumhydroksid - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Natriumhydroksid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroksid" title="Natriumhydroksid - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Natriumhydroksid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idroxid_de_s%C3%B2di" title="Idroxid de sòdi - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Idroxid de sòdi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wodorotlenek_sodu" title="Wodorotlenek sodu - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wodorotlenek sodu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7" title="کاسٹک سوڈا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاسٹک سوڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_s%C3%B3dio" title="Hidróxido de sódio - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidróxido de sódio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroxid_de_sodiu" title="Hidroxid de sodiu - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidroxid de sodiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroxidu_di_natriu" title="Hidroxidu di natriu - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hidroxidu di natriu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гидроксид натрия - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидроксид натрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sodium hydroxide" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_hidroksid" title="Natrijum hidroksid - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Natrijum hidroksid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sodium hydroxide" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid sodný - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydroxid sodný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijev_hidroksid" title="Natrijev hidroksid - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Natrijev hidroksid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_Hydroxide" title="Sodium Hydroxide - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sodium Hydroxide" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroksidi_i_natriumit" title="Hidroksidi i natriumit - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hidroksidi i natriumit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натријум-хидроксид - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Натријум-хидроксид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydroxid" title="Natriumhydroxid - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Natriumhydroxid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சோடியம் ஐதராக்சைடு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோடியம் ஐதராக்சைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="సోడియం హైడ్రాక్సైడ్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సోడియం హైడ్రాక్సైడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F" title="โซดาไฟ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โซดาไฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodyum_hidroksit" title="Sodyum hidroksit - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sodyum hidroksit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Гідроксид натрію - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідроксид натрію" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="نطرون کاوی - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نطرون کاوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriy_gidroksid" title="Natriy gidroksid - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Natriy gidroksid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natri_hydroxide" title="Natri hydroxide - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Natri hydroxide" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sodium hydroxide" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氢氧化钠 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氢氧化钠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氢氧化钠 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氢氧化钠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%88%89" title="氫氧化鈉 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氫氧化鈉" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-sng-ho%C3%A0_natrium" title="Chúi-sng-hoà natrium - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-sng-hoà natrium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%A3%AB%E7%9A%84" title="哥士的 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥士的" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102769#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&oldid=33047312" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&id=33047312&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHidr%25C3%25B2xid_de_sodi"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHidr%25C3%25B2xid_de_sodi"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hidr%C3%B2xid+de+sodi"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sodium_hydroxide" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102769" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Test_tube_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula de compost químic"><img alt="Infotaula de compost químic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_tube_icon.svg/22px-Test_tube_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_tube_icon.svg/33px-Test_tube_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Test_tube_icon.svg/44px-Test_tube_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></span>Hidròxid de sodi</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:SodiumHydroxide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SodiumHydroxide.jpg/300px-SodiumHydroxide.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SodiumHydroxide.jpg/450px-SodiumHydroxide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SodiumHydroxide.jpg/600px-SodiumHydroxide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2221" data-file-height="1764" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Substància química</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113145171" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q113145171">tipus d'entitat química</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Massa molecular</th><td class="infobox-data">39,993 Da <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2067" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Rol</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q258158" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q258158">corrosive substance</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258158?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2868" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;">Estructura química</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Fórmula química</th><td class="infobox-data"><big>NaOH</big> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P274" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P233" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P233">SMILES canònic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdkdepict-openchem.rhcloud.com/depict/bow/svg?smi=%241&zoom=2.0&annotate=none">Model 2D</a><br />[OH-].[Na+] <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P233" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P234" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P234">Identificador InChI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?&model=InChI=InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1">Model 3D</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P234" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;">Propietat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Densitat</th><td class="infobox-data">2,13 g/cm³ (a 20 °C, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2lid" title="Sòlid">sòlid</a>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2054" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Solubilitat</th><td class="infobox-data">111 g/100 g (<a href="/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua">aigua</a>, 20 °C) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2177" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Punt de fusió</th><td class="infobox-data">318 °C <br />323 °C <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2101" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Punt d'ebullició</th><td class="infobox-data">1.390 °C (a 760 Torr)<br />1.388 °C (a 101,325 kPa) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2102" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Pressió de vapor</th><td class="infobox-data">0 mmHg (a 20 °C) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2119" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;">Perill</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Límit d'exposició mitjana ponderada en el temps</th><td class="infobox-data">2 mg/m³ (8 h, <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2404" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">Límit d'exposició sostre</th><td class="infobox-data">2 mg/m³ (cap valor) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2405" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; width: 40%;">IDLH</th><td class="infobox-data">10 mg/m³ <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P2129" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51139288" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q51139288">NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response</a> () <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P4952" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: #b0d1ad;">Altres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Higroscopicitat" title="Higroscopicitat">Higroscopicitat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Deliq%C3%BCesc%C3%A8ncia" title="Deliqüescència">Deliqüescència</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102769?uselang=ca#P1552" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<b>hidròxid de sodi</b> conegut com a <b>sosa càustica</b>, és un compost inorgànic, un hidròxid, constituït per cations <a href="/wiki/Sodi" title="Sodi">sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3cd60e5dc2440b4978aea083de518303122c45c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.416ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}"></span>i anions hidròxid <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67df34a451cb63d51af2da3befde8d614e821737" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.062ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"></span>enllaçats mitjançant <a href="/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_i%C3%B2nic" title="Enllaç iònic">enllaç iònic</a>. Té propietats de <a href="/wiki/Base_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Base química">base</a> forta i, quan reacciona amb els àcids els neutralitza. És molt soluble en aigua, essent el procés de dissolució molt exotèrmic. La indústria l'empra en grans quantitats en la fabricació de <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teixit_t%C3%A8xtil" class="mw-redirect" title="Teixit tèxtil">teixits</a> i <a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">detergents</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Handmade_soap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Handmade_soap.jpg/220px-Handmade_soap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Handmade_soap.jpg/330px-Handmade_soap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Handmade_soap.jpg/440px-Handmade_soap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1542" /></a><figcaption>Sabó</figcaption></figure> <p>Hi ha documents que indiquen que l'hidròxid de sodi ja es coneixia durant l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_mitjana" title="Edat mitjana">edat mitjana</a>. A la <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia" title="Aràbia">península Aràbiga</a> l'empraven per a produir <a href="/wiki/Sab%C3%B3" title="Sabó">sabó</a> dur, que servia per a la <a href="/wiki/Higiene" title="Higiene">higiene</a> personal.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El procediment emprat era fer reaccionar <a href="/wiki/Natr%C3%B3" title="Natró">natró</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> constituït per <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_sodi" title="Carbonat de sodi">carbonat de sodi</a> decahidratat <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3*10H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3*10H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0de49697af6a966935ceddd8d0911ee865a5c0d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.497ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3*10H2O}}}"></span> que s'obtenia de dipòsits naturals, amb calç apagada, <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_calci" title="Hidròxid de calci">hidròxid de calci</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Ca(OH)2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Ca(OH)2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96e5ead326c0fceb511c0311e97a17fb6ec6fe90" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.255ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Ca(OH)2}}}"></span>obtinguda mesclant calç, <a href="/wiki/%C3%92xid_de_calci" title="Òxid de calci">òxid de calci</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CaO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CaO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/edb47ab199662c070e351fe10efe88e000dcecad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.649ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaO}}}"></span>, amb aigua. L'òxid de calci s'obtenia als <a href="/wiki/Forn_de_cal%C3%A7" title="Forn de calç">forns de calç</a> per <a href="/wiki/Term%C3%B2lisi" title="Termòlisi">descomposició tèrmica</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Pedra_calc%C3%A0ria" title="Pedra calcària">pedra calcària</a> formades per <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_calci" title="Carbonat de calci">carbonat de calci</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CaCO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/443620def2cf998ae0099d9393c1013268b05081" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.381ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3}}}"></span>. L'obtenció d'hidròxid de sodi seguia aquesta reacció:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 -> 2NaOH + CaCO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CaCO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 -> 2NaOH + CaCO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e56d6134bfef4ba0f21ed37375e9dad8960b1c3f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:43.92ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 -> 2NaOH + CaCO3}}}"></span> </p><p>En el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> s'inicià la producció a partir del carbonat de sodi obtingut industrialment mitjançant el <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_Leblanc" title="Procés Leblanc">procés Leblanc</a> primer i després amb el <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_Solvay" title="Procés Solvay">procés Solvay</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:HgNaOHElectrolysis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HgNaOHElectrolysis.png/220px-HgNaOHElectrolysis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HgNaOHElectrolysis.png/330px-HgNaOHElectrolysis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HgNaOHElectrolysis.png/440px-HgNaOHElectrolysis.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Cèl·lula de mercuri</figcaption></figure> <p>El 1851 l'anglès <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Watt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Watt (encara no existeix)">Charles Watt</a> aconseguí una patent per a produir hidròxid de sodi per <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B2lisi" title="Electròlisi">electròlisi</a> de <a href="/wiki/Salmorra" title="Salmorra">salmorra</a> segons la reacció: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaCl + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaCl + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aace4bc7af18bb8ad9660c685a775212f25fccd2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:40.735ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaCl + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2}}}"></span> </p><p>El seu procés no fou un mètode econòmicament factible per produir hidròxid de sodi perquè no pogué evitar que el clor <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55fd2bd3b8cc02438f956f5453353958b1ffbee5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl2}}}"></span> que es formava reaccionés amb els altres components. L'estatunidenc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Castner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton Castner (encara no existeix)">Hamilton Castner</a> (1858-1899) resolgué el problema de barreja amb la invenció de la cel·la de mercuri i se li concedí una patent dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica">Estats Units</a> el 1892. El químic austríac, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Kellner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Kellner (encara no existeix)">Karl Kellner</a> (1851-1905), arribà a una solució similar aproximadament al mateix temps. Per evitar una batalla legal s'associaren el 1895, fundant la companyia Castner-Kellner Alkali, que construí plantes que utilitzaven el procés a tot Europa. Aquest procés, conegut com a <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_Castner-Kellner" title="Procés Castner-Kellner">procés Castner-Keller</a> o procés de la cel·la de mercuri, segueix en ús avui dia juntament amb d'altres mètodes d'electròlisi, modificacions d'aquell.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propietats">Propietats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Propietats"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propietats_físiques"><span id="Propietats_f.C3.ADsiques"></span>Propietats físiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Propietats físiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'hidròxid de sodi és un sòlid blanc que cristal·litza en el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_ortor%C3%B2mbic" title="Sistema ortoròmbic">sistema ortoròmbic</a>. La seva densitat val 2,13 g/cm³ a 25 °C, el seu punt de fusió és de 318,4 °C i el d'ebullició 1390 °C. No es descompon amb la calor. És <a href="/wiki/Higroscopicitat" title="Higroscopicitat">higroscòpic</a> i molt soluble en aigua i la seva <a href="/wiki/Solubilitat" title="Solubilitat">solubilitat</a> augmenta amb la temperatura (en 100 g d'aigua: 51,5 g d'<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4b18cf9f5cbc622e8196a33ded17befa65a97cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.457ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH}}}"></span> a 10 °C; 109 g a 20 °C; 129 g a 40 °C; 174 g a 60 °C; 313 g a 80 °C). També és soluble en <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a> (1 g en 7,2 ml d'etanol) i en <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">metanol</a> (1 g en 4,2 ml de metanol).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les dissolucions d’hidròxid de sodi presenten una <a href="/wiki/Viscositat" title="Viscositat">viscositat</a> característica, 78 mPa·s, molt superior a la de l’aigua (1,0 mPa·s) i propera a la de l'<a href="/wiki/Oli_d%27oliva" title="Oli d'oliva">oli d’oliva</a> (85 mPa·s) a temperatura ambient. La seva viscositat, com la de qualsevol producte químic, està inversament relacionada amb la seva temperatura; és a dir, que la viscositat disminueix a mesura que augmenta la temperatura i viceversa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forma un bon grapat d<a href="/wiki/Hidrat" title="Hidrat">'hidrats</a> estables dintre intervals petits de temperatura: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*7H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*7H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2449e005091e57741dbf9cbb4aa1065946f72f5f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.291ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*7H2O}}}"></span> (–28 °C a –25 °C); <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*5H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*5H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/853802980968692bb271ff6a7cb253b66d6fc6c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.291ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*5H2O}}}"></span> (–25 °C a –17,7 °C); <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*4H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*4H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/62639e67fd791b034d755ef533869e40f0bed110" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.291ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*4H2O}}}"></span> forma α (–17,7 °C a 5,4 °C); <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3,5H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3,5H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2897ef77628ff83aca3023392095738d40604718" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.874ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3,5H2O}}}"></span> (5,4 °C a 15,38 °C); <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/411b8b4fb8fd178f8e6c1d7f59a1a42a6ff058a8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.291ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*2H2O}}}"></span> (5 °C a 12,3 °C) i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3d408128fb6d638eaa7b743e97b72ab6ed8c3d5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.741ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*H2O}}}"></span> (12,3 °C a 65,1 °C). També n'hi ha dos metaestables: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*4H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*4H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/62639e67fd791b034d755ef533869e40f0bed110" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.291ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*4H2O}}}"></span> forma β i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3718dfd13ca8aee4a09fcabce93d23c8b97d183c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.291ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3H2O}}}"></span>. Només dos tenen un punt de fusió estable: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3d408128fb6d638eaa7b743e97b72ab6ed8c3d5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.741ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*H2O}}}"></span> (65,1 °C) i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3,5H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3,5H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2897ef77628ff83aca3023392095738d40604718" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.874ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH*3,5H2O}}}"></span> (15,38 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propietats_químiques"><span id="Propietats_qu.C3.ADmiques"></span>Propietats químiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Propietats químiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reaccions_àcid-base"><span id="Reaccions_.C3.A0cid-base"></span>Reaccions àcid-base</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Reaccions àcid-base"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La propietat química més destacada és la seva naturalesa de <a href="/wiki/Teoria_%C3%A0cid-base_de_Br%C3%B8nsted-Lowry" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria àcid-base de Brønsted-Lowry">base forta de Brønsted</a>. Quan es dissol dins d'aigua es dissocia completament donant anions hidròxid i <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> bàsic molt alt. El <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> d'una dissolució del 0,05% en massa és aproximadament 12; si la dissolució és del 0,5% val 13; i si és del 5% ja adquireix el valor màxim de 14.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El procés és: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH ->[H_2O] Na+(aq) + OH^{-}(aq)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>O</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH ->[H_2O] Na+(aq) + OH^{-}(aq)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1e9c4314f5b777ab56ad92db7dcaf98d835a155" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.342ex; width:33.239ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaOH ->[H_2O] Na+(aq) + OH^{-}(aq)}}}"></span> </p><p>Reacciona ràpidament i completament amb els àcids inorgànics i orgànics, neutralitzant-los i donant sals i aigua. Per exemple amb l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_sulf%C3%BAric" title="Àcid sulfúric">àcid sulfúric</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6703e3d63d91c698caf61db7286069a49ce5c1af" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.952ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4}}}"></span> la reacció dona sulfat de sodi <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c01f23eacc3a5b53be0e5284963efebcb343520e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.115ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO4}}}"></span> i aigua; amb l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_ac%C3%A8tic" title="Àcid acètic">àcid acètic</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>COOH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57bbb77b66561b00e01d2c76d9e282e0b0423264" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.513ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH}}}"></span> dona <a href="/wiki/Acetat_de_sodi" title="Acetat de sodi">acetat de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COONa}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>COONa</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COONa}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1105538a3b14cfbd327c141e7e24d8a97d86c79e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.675ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COONa}}}"></span> i aigua: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35caf4085d00c465074f0af5b46760ea8544b013" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:38.455ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>COOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>COONa</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0687a194b161cc6a9133ee331f7c0b667e8bf49c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:46.027ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O}}}"></span> </p><p>En contacte amb òxids de no-metalls com ara el <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B2xid_de_sofre" title="Diòxid de sofre">diòxid de sofre</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/80a5abd2e7441929015034435a9e64a46858b82e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.155ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}}"></span> o el <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B2xid_de_carboni" title="Diòxid de carboni">diòxid de carboni</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3ed885c7553085f5d3a2bb0a63616656248699d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.54ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}"></span>, reacciona amb ells formant <a href="/wiki/Oxisal" title="Oxisal">oxosals</a> i aigua. Així en contacte amb l'<a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">aire</a> reacciona ràpidament amb el diòxid de carboni que conté formant <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_sodi" title="Carbonat de sodi">carbonat de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eac50a0b59a90c61d034a20b905c3dee4b358eb8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.5ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2CO3}}}"></span>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaOH + CO2 -> Na2CO3 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaOH + CO2 -> Na2CO3 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/80d4b7b75c9be8961e02f9c881ce42510710b3f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.429ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaOH + CO2 -> Na2CO3 + H2O}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reaccions_redox">Reaccions redox</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Reaccions redox"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’hidròxid de sodi reacciona bé tant amb <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metalls</a> amfòters (<a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini">alumini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estany_(element)" title="Estany (element)">estany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani">titani</a>) com amb <a href="/wiki/No-metall" title="No-metall">no-metalls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halògens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofre" title="Sofre">sofre</a> i <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2sfor" title="Fòsfor">fòsfor</a>). En la interacció de l’hidròxid de sodi amb l’alumini, es formen tetrahidroxoaluminat de sodi i hidrogen; amb el zinc tetrahidroxozincat de sodi i hidrogen: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O -> 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Al</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Al</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O -> 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28e4d67b6146a2951b5958af77684a11924aa0d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:50.618ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O -> 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Zn + 2 NaOH -> H2 + Na2[Zn(OH)4]}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Zn + 2 NaOH -> H2 + Na2[Zn(OH)4]}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4c0b76b20d9ff3e34cb2af761c1c47200251ff24" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:38.674ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Zn + 2 NaOH -> H2 + Na2[Zn(OH)4]}}}"></span> </p><p>En la interacció de l’hidròxid de sodi amb els no-metalls sofre, fòsfor i halògens, es produeix una <a href="/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3_de_desproporci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Reacció de desproporció">reacció de desproporció</a>, per exemple amb el clor calent, amb el fòsfor i amb el sofre aquests elements s'oxiden i es redueixen donant dos productes en la mateixa reacció. El clor amb l'hidròxid de sodi dona <a href="/wiki/Clorat_de_sodi" title="Clorat de sodi">clorat de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaClO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NaClO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaClO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d78909db0505fa7e2568f2c742cb4c6dbdbff0c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.093ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaClO3}}}"></span> i <a href="/wiki/Clorur_de_sodi" title="Clorur de sodi">clorur de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9b184eac86c36238cc34de8f9844a84933192513" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.23ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl}}}"></span>; amb el fòsfor es forma dihidrogenfosfit de sodi <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH2PO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NaH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>PO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH2PO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90dca8bdec4a70e37d394132cd0c489899ba3dd6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.148ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH2PO2}}}"></span> i <a href="/wiki/Fosf%C3%A0" title="Fosfà">trihidrur de fòsfor</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {PH3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>PH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {PH3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5203e9b467cdba56f6a372a60f0cfdd30d674432" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.38ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {PH3}}}"></span>; i amb el sofre dona <a href="/wiki/Sulfit_de_sodi" title="Sulfit de sodi">sulfit de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/359850f8f347b46306eff4f1b88da593f53d48c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.115ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SO3}}}"></span> i <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_de_sodi" title="Sulfur de sodi">sulfur de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2S}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>S</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2S}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b47014eaccfba20a111963352cefa0d4adbeb28a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.252ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2S}}}"></span> :<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Cl2 + 6NaOH ->[T] NaClO3 + 5NaCl + 3H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mi>T</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>NaClO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Cl2 + 6NaOH ->[T] NaClO3 + 5NaCl + 3H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f55f60a12caad1058219ebc5739c9a67c2b1335" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.339ex; width:46.255ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Cl2 + 6NaOH ->[T] NaClO3 + 5NaCl + 3H2O}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {4P + 3NaOH + 3H2O -> 3NaH2PO2 + PH3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>P</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>NaH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>PO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>PH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {4P + 3NaOH + 3H2O -> 3NaH2PO2 + PH3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7382ca0e3b25240ff4f0edbafeaee9ee015e4a01" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:46.989ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {4P + 3NaOH + 3H2O -> 3NaH2PO2 + PH3}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3S + 6NaOH -> Na2SO3 + 2Na2S +H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3S + 6NaOH -> Na2SO3 + 2Na2S +H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/473d3f9a915cb270045a6a01f98cf4e83a64013d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:43.988ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3S + 6NaOH -> Na2SO3 + 2Na2S +H2O}}}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saponificació"><span id="Saponificaci.C3.B3"></span>Saponificació</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Saponificació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg/440px-Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg/660px-Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg/880px-Saponification_triglyceride-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption>Saponificació d'un triglicèrid</figcaption></figure> <p>Quan l'hidròxid de sodi entra en contacte amb els <a href="/wiki/Greix" title="Greix">greixos</a> es produeix una reacció de <a href="/wiki/Saponificaci%C3%B3" title="Saponificació">saponificació</a> irreversible, un procés utilitzat en la fabricació de <a href="/wiki/Xamp%C3%BA" title="Xampú">xampús</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sab%C3%B3" title="Sabó">sabó</a> i altres productes. Els greixos són <a href="/wiki/%C3%88ster" title="Èster">èsters</a> d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_gras" title="Àcid gras">àcid grassos</a> i l'anió hidròxid els <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B2lisi" title="Hidròlisi">hidrolitza</a> donat les sals dels àcids grassos i <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohols</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obtenció_industrial"><span id="Obtenci.C3.B3_industrial"></span>Obtenció industrial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Obtenció industrial"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cada any se'n produeixen 70 milions de tones a tot el món, de les quals 11,8 les produeixen als <a href="/wiki/EUA" class="mw-redirect" title="EUA">EUA</a> i 10,7 milions a la <a href="/wiki/Comunitat_Europea" title="Comunitat Europea">Comunitat Europea</a> (2018). Hi ha tres mètodes emprats en l'actualitat que també produeixen clor.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cel·les_de_membrana"><span id="Cel.C2.B7les_de_membrana"></span>Cel·les de membrana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Cel·les de membrana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitxer:Chloralkali_membrane_(multilang).svg&lang=ca" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Chloralkali_membrane_%28multilang%29.svg/langca-440px-Chloralkali_membrane_%28multilang%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Chloralkali_membrane_%28multilang%29.svg/langca-660px-Chloralkali_membrane_%28multilang%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Chloralkali_membrane_%28multilang%29.svg/langca-880px-Chloralkali_membrane_%28multilang%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Procés de membrana</figcaption></figure> <p>A la indústria s'obté actualment per <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B2lisi" title="Electròlisi">electròlisi</a> d'una dissolució de <a href="/wiki/Clorur_de_sodi" title="Clorur de sodi">clorur de sodi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salmorra" title="Salmorra">salmorra</a>) en una <a href="/wiki/Cel%C2%B7la_electrol%C3%ADtica" title="Cel·la electrolítica">cel·la electrolítica</a> que separa la part de l'ànode de la del càtode mitjançant una membrana. Els ànodes són de <a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani">titani</a> recoberts de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Di%C3%B2xid_de_ruteni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diòxid de ruteni (encara no existeix)">diòxid de ruteni</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {RuO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>RuO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {RuO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7fbcbb888bd033811897e66845c02ccc825aef87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.865ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {RuO2}}}"></span>i els ànodes de níquel, sovint recoberts per reduir el consum elèctric.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En passar-hi el <a href="/wiki/Corrent_el%C3%A8ctric" title="Corrent elèctric">corrent elèctric</a> el clorur <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d910bdb858f6954b34ca553c6ba03b23b754efe9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.836ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}"></span>s'<a href="/wiki/Oxidaci%C3%B3" title="Oxidació">oxida</a> a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80node" title="Ànode">ànode</a> i forma <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55fd2bd3b8cc02438f956f5453353958b1ffbee5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl2}}}"></span>, que es desprèn, segons la semireacció:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9efb7ef9e1a91719eb9a9e26ae9fe530f1412323" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:20.793ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}"></span> </p><p>En el <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0tode" title="Càtode">càtode</a> s'allibera <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee7e7591b2638f6cb36846024e6d017e48c4c973" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}"></span> per <a href="/wiki/Reducci%C3%B3" title="Reducció">reducció</a> dels cations <a href="/wiki/Oxidani" title="Oxidani">oxoni</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe37c1063c3897905219e48befa6b3871fbcb331" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.116ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}"></span> que provenen de l'<a href="/wiki/Autoprot%C3%B2lisi" title="Autoprotòlisi">autoprotòlisi</a> de l'aigua en cations oxoni i anions hidròxid <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67df34a451cb63d51af2da3befde8d614e821737" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.062ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"></span>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O <=> H3O+ + OH-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O <=> H3O+ + OH-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1fffee921e1af8ea77ebb27a790e53aa71a52d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:24.822ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O <=> H3O+ + OH-}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H3O+ + 2e- -> H2 + 2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2H3O+ + 2e- -> H2 + 2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b26e294a9a4266f1d75722e1ca2de9e4bddc741" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.488ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H3O+ + 2e- -> H2 + 2H2O}}}"></span> </p><p>L'electròlisi elimina cations oxoni i fa que l'autoprotòlisi de l'aigua doni més hidròxids. La membrana que separa els dos compartiments evita que es mesclin i reaccionin l'hidrogen amb el clor, però és permeable només als cations; permet el pas de cations sodi <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3cd60e5dc2440b4978aea083de518303122c45c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.416ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}"></span> però no d'anions clorur <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d910bdb858f6954b34ca553c6ba03b23b754efe9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.836ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}"></span> ni hidròxid <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67df34a451cb63d51af2da3befde8d614e821737" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.062ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"></span>. Els ions de sodi passen de forma hidratada <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {[Na.xH2O]+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>xH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {[Na.xH2O]+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/08ad1295595a737b2aa72a9883be3b9c056ac63a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.222ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {[Na.xH2O]+}}}"></span>per la qual cosa es transfereix una mica d'aigua, però la membrana és impermeable a les molècules lliures d'aigua.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els cations sodi passen del compartiment de l'ànode al del càtode, on s'han format els anions hidròxid, per mantenir l'electroneutralitat. D'aquesta manera es forma una dissolució d'hidròxid de sodi que s'extreu juntament amb clorur de sodi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquest s'elimina posteriorment en concentrar per evaporació la dissolució i precipitar al fons del recipient. S'obté com una solució pura del 30% en massa, que normalment es concentra per evaporació fins a una solució del 50% en massa amb vapor a pressió.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cel·les_de_mercuri"><span id="Cel.C2.B7les_de_mercuri"></span>Cel·les de mercuri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Cel·les de mercuri"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Chloralkali.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chloralkali.svg/440px-Chloralkali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chloralkali.svg/660px-Chloralkali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chloralkali.svg/880px-Chloralkali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6468" data-file-height="2831" /></a><figcaption>Cel·la de mercuri</figcaption></figure> <p>Aquestes cel·les tenen el càtode de <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element)">mercuri</a> i els ànodes són una sèrie de plaques de <a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani">titani</a> recobertes amb una capa d’òxid de metall preciós i posicionades a uns 2 mm del càtode. Les cèl·lules solen funcionar en sèries aproximadament de 100.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A l'ànode es forma el <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a> per oxidació dels anions <a href="/wiki/Clorur" title="Clorur">clorur</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d910bdb858f6954b34ca553c6ba03b23b754efe9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.836ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Cl-}}}"></span> i al càtode de <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element)">mercuri</a> es forma una <a href="/wiki/Amalgama_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Amalgama (química)">amalgama</a> amb àtoms de <a href="/wiki/Sodi" title="Sodi">sodi</a> en una concentració del 0,3% en massa, reduïts dels cations sodi <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3cd60e5dc2440b4978aea083de518303122c45c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.416ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na+}}}"></span>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9efb7ef9e1a91719eb9a9e26ae9fe530f1412323" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:20.793ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na+ + 2e- -> 2Na}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Na</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na+ + 2e- -> 2Na}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01d7410d99be550d6f964b5bc35993065a2f865a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:22.45ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na+ + 2e- -> 2Na}}}"></span> </p><p>L'amalgama es transporta per gravetat o mitjançant bombes a unes altres cel·les on es descompon en contacte amb l'aigua, formant-se hidrogen i hidròxid de sodi, <a href="/wiki/Catalitzador" title="Catalitzador">catalitzat</a> el procés per ferro o grafit porós.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2008f436e3cef09346d6b194fba66e4887aebfde" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.191ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2}}}"></span> </p><p>La sosa càustica es produeix amb aquest mètode com una solució pura al 50% en massa, que és la concentració més venuda al mercat mundial. Algunes es concentren per evaporació fins al 75% i després s’escalfen a 750-850 K per obtenir hidròxid de sodi sòlid.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cel·les_de_diafragma"><span id="Cel.C2.B7les_de_diafragma"></span>Cel·les de diafragma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Cel·les de diafragma"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A la cèl·lula de diafragma, els ànodes estan recoberts de titani amb un òxid de metall preciós i els càtodes són d'<a href="/wiki/Acer" title="Acer">acer</a>. Hi ha un diafragma porós d'<a href="/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest">amiant</a> per separar el clor i l’hidrogen que s’alliberen durant l'electròlisi. Els ions hidròxid formats al compartiment del càtode, juntament amb els ions de sodi, produeixen una solució d’hidròxid de sodi. El nivell d’electròlits es manté més elevat al compartiment de l’ànode de manera que la salmorra es perfila a través del diafragma cap a la secció del càtode des d’on surt de la cèl·lula amb la solució d’hidròxid de sodi. El clor format als ànodes s’eleva i es condueix.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La solució catòdica conté aproximadament un 10-12% en massa d'hidròxid de sodi i un 15% en massa de clorur de sodi. Aquesta s’evapora fins a una cinquena part del seu volum original quan el clorur de sodi molt menys soluble cristal·litza per deixar una solució que conté un 50% en massa d’hidròxid de sodi i menys d’un 1% en massa de clorur de sodi.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usos">Usos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Usos"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> La producció mundial es dedica un 36% en la síntesi de <a href="/wiki/Compost_org%C3%A0nic" title="Compost orgànic">composts orgànics</a>, un 28% en la preparació de <a href="/wiki/Compost_inorg%C3%A0nic" title="Compost inorgànic">composts inorgànics</a>, un 22% en la producció de <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, un 10% en la fabricació de <a href="/wiki/Tensioactiu" title="Tensioactiu">tensioactius</a>, un 3% en la purificació de la <a href="/wiki/Bauxita" title="Bauxita">bauxita</a> per obtenir <a href="/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini">alumini</a> i un 1% en la indústria tèxtil.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG/220px-HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG/330px-HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG/440px-HK_Kao_Bleaches_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Recipients de lleixiu domèstic</figcaption></figure><p>L’hidròxid de sodi s’utilitza per eliminar gasos i àcids abans d’emetre’ls al medi obert per les xemeneies de les indústries o de les <a href="/wiki/Central_t%C3%A8rmica" title="Central tèrmica">centrals tèrmiques</a> que produeixen electricitat per combustió de carbó o derivats del petroli i evitar així la <a href="/wiki/Pluja_%C3%A0cida" title="Pluja àcida">pluja àcida</a>. Per exemple, els gasos emesos de combustibles fòssils que contenen quantitats considerables de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B2xid_de_sofre" title="Diòxid de sofre">diòxid de sofre</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/80a5abd2e7441929015034435a9e64a46858b82e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.155ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}}"></span>. Hi ha moltes maneres d’atrapar el diòxid de sofre, una que s’utilitza àmpliament consisteix a fer passar els gasos amb una solució d’hidròxids de sodi i calci.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un altre ús important de l’hidròxid de sodi és en la fabricació de paper a partir de la fusta. En el procés més utilitzat, el <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_Kraft" title="Procés Kraft">procés Kraft</a>, la fusta es tracta amb una solució que conté una barreja de <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_de_sodi" title="Sulfur de sodi">sulfur de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2S}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>S</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2S}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b47014eaccfba20a111963352cefa0d4adbeb28a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.252ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2S}}}"></span> i hidròxid de sodi. La major part del material no desitjat de la fusta, com les <a href="/wiki/Lignina" title="Lignina">lignines</a>, es dissolen en aquesta barreja, deixant la <a href="/wiki/Cel%C2%B7lulosa" title="Cel·lulosa">cel·lulosa</a> relativament pura que es filtra. És aquesta cel·lulosa la que després d'una purificació posterior forma la base del paper.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Altres usos inclouen la producció de <a href="/wiki/Tensioactiu" title="Tensioactiu">tensioactius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sab%C3%B3" title="Sabó">sabons</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lleixiu" title="Lleixiu">lleixiu</a>, aquest últim produint-se normalment passant clor gas a temperatura ambient dins d'una dissolució d’hidròxid de sodi, que genera una dissolució que conté <a href="/wiki/Hipoclorit_de_sodi" title="Hipoclorit de sodi">hipoclorit de sodi</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaClO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaClO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaClO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2af12cd4b4e34312e25bdae4319015f79d466da3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.039ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaClO}}}"></span>:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaOH + Cl2 -> NaClO + NaCl + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>NaClO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaOH + Cl2 -> NaClO + NaCl + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d4b8f2d3902da1193bf009264aeb1f8ebac1360" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:41.877ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2NaOH + Cl2 -> NaClO + NaCl + H2O}}}"></span> </p><p>Reacciona amb els teixits orgànics <a href="/wiki/Saponificaci%C3%B3" title="Saponificació">saponificant</a> les <a href="/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A0tica" title="Membrana plasmàtica">membranes cel·lulars</a> i dissolvent les <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïnes">proteïnes</a>, per la qual cosa les dissolucions d'hidròxid de sodi s'empren per eliminar les obstruccions de les canonades de piques de neteja de les cuines i dels sanitaris produïdes per residus orgànics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perills">Perills</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Perills"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png/220px-Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png/330px-Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png/440px-Sodium_hydroxide_burn.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="1466" /></a><figcaption>Cremades produïdes pel contacte amb una dissolució d'hidròxid de sodi</figcaption></figure> <p>L'hidròxid de <a href="/wiki/Sodi" title="Sodi">sodi</a> s'utilitza ocasionalment en aplicacions domèstiques, però és altament corrosiu i té un alt risc de produir <a href="/wiki/Cremada_(lesi%C3%B3)" title="Cremada (lesió)">cremades</a> químiques, danys permanents o cicatrius, i <a href="/wiki/Ceguesa" title="Ceguesa">ceguesa</a>, a causa de la seva alta <a href="/wiki/Reactivitat_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Reactivitat química">reactivitat química</a>. Per tant sempre que es manipuli al laboratori o a casa cal posar-se <a href="/wiki/Ulleres_de_seguretat" title="Ulleres de seguretat">ulleres de seguretat</a>. Quan l'hidròxid de sodi reacciona amb l'aigua, en calent pot arribar a produir <a href="/wiki/Foc" title="Foc">foc</a>. </p><p>En contacte amb la pell, l’hidròxid de sodi provoca una <a href="/wiki/Necrosi" title="Necrosi">necrosi</a> de liquació amb la <a href="/wiki/Saponificaci%C3%B3" title="Saponificació">saponificació</a> del líquid <a href="/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A0tica" title="Membrana plasmàtica">membranes cel·lulars</a> i la dissolució de les <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïnes">proteïnes</a> del <a href="/wiki/Teixit_(biologia)" title="Teixit (biologia)">teixit</a>. Les lesions es caracteritzen per una coloració marró i un aspecte gelatinós. Està associat al dolor, la precocitat i la intensitat de les quals depenen de la concentració i del temps de contacte. Les lesions cutànies poden ser terebrants (penetració lenta i propagació a les capes profundes de la pell).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En contacte amb l’hidròxid de sodi, la <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2rnia" title="Còrnia">còrnia</a> perd ràpidament la seva transparència. Com passa a la pell, el ions <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67df34a451cb63d51af2da3befde8d614e821737" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.062ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {OH-}}}"></span> saponifiquen els <a href="/wiki/%C3%80cid_gras" title="Àcid gras">àcids grassos</a> de les membranes i, per tant, provoca immediatament la mort de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lules_epitelials" class="mw-redirect" title="Cèl·lules epitelials">cèl·lules epitelials</a> corneals. La continuació de la propagació corrosiva a través de l'<a href="/wiki/Estroma_(histologia)" title="Estroma (histologia)">estroma</a> de la còrnia i fins a la cambra anterior de l’ull pot provocar una opacificació del <a href="/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Cristal·lí">cristal·lí</a> i, en els casos més greus, fins a la destrucció completa del <a href="/wiki/Ull" title="Ull">globus ocular</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidr%C3%B2xid_de_sodi&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-science-technology.com/notes/notes5.html">History Of Science And Technology In Islam</a>». [Consulta: 13 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBabor,_Joseph_A.imp._1979"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Babor, Joseph A.</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/627005760"><i>Química general moderna : una introducción a la química física y a la química descriptiva superior (inorgánica, orgánica y bioquímica)</i></a>. 8{487} ed., reimp.  Barcelona: Marín, imp. 1979. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8471029979" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8471029979">ISBN 8471029979</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qu%C3%ADmica+general+moderna+%3A+una+introducci%C3%B3n+a+la+qu%C3%ADmica+f%C3%ADsica+y+a+la+qu%C3%ADmica+descriptiva+superior+%28inorg%C3%A1nica%2C+org%C3%A1nica+y+bioqu%C3%ADmica%29&rft.aulast=Babor%2C+Joseph+A.&rft.date=imp.+1979&rft.edition=8%7B487%7D+ed.%2C+reimp&rft.pub=Mar%C3%ADn&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.isbn=8471029979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F627005760"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubsapp.acs.org/subscribe/journals/tcaw/11/i04/html/04chemistry.html?">When the Industry Charged Ahead</a>». [Consulta: 13 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">PubChem</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14798">Sodium hydroxide</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 12 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protank.com/sodium-hydroxide">Sodium Hydroxide Storage Tanks & Specifications</a>» (en anglès), 08-09-2018. [Consulta: 14 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPickering1893"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pickering</span>, Spencer Umfreville «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=CT8936300890">LXI.—The hydrates of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides</a>» (en anglès). <i>J. Chem. Soc., Trans.</i>, 63, 0, 1893, pàg. 890–909. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039%2FCT8936300890">10.1039/CT8936300890</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0368-1645">0368-1645</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://melscience.com/US-en/articles/sodium-hydroxide-and-reactions-it/">Sodium hydroxide and reactions with it</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 14 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1">8,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2">8,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-3">8,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-4">8,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-5">8,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-6">8,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lazonby</span>, John. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sodium-hydroxide.html">Sodium hydroxide</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 12 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-2">9,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-3">9,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-4">9,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lazonby</span>, John. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/chlorine.html">Chlorine</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 13 novembre 2019].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> Prevor. <i>Sodium hydroxide. Management of ocular and cutaneous chemical splashes</i> (en anglès).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sodium+hydroxide.+Management+of+ocular+and+cutaneous+chemical+splashes"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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