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id="toc-Bow,_New_Hampshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bow,_New_Hampshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bow, New Hampshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bow,_New_Hampshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilton,_New_Hampshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilton,_New_Hampshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tilton, New Hampshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilton,_New_Hampshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage,_widowhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage,_widowhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marriage, widowhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage,_widowhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early influences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_influences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early influences subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Study_with_Phineas_Quimby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Study_with_Phineas_Quimby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Study with Phineas Quimby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Study_with_Phineas_Quimby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1866_fall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1866_fall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1866 fall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1866_fall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiritualism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritualism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spiritualism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritualism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_a_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_a_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Building a church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_a_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences_and_teachings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences_and_teachings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influences and teachings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influences_and_teachings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influences and teachings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influences_and_teachings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malicious_animal_magnetism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malicious_animal_magnetism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Malicious animal magnetism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malicious_animal_magnetism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Israelism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Israelism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>British Israelism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Israelism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later life and death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life_and_death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later life and death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_of_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Use of medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Next_Friends_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Next_Friends_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Next Friends lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Next_Friends_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Residences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Baker Eddy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ماري بيكر إيدي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري بيكر إيدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="مری بیکر ادی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مری بیکر ادی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бейкер-Эдди Мэри – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бейкер-Эдди Мэри" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Bakerov%C3%A1_Eddyov%C3%A1" title="Mary Bakerová Eddyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mary Bakerová Eddyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="مری بیکر ادی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مری بیکر ادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4_%EC%97%90%EB%94%94" title="메리 베이커 에디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리 베이커 에디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Մերի Բեյքեր Էդի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերի Բեյքեր Էդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Baker_Eddy" title="Maria Baker Eddy – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maria Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Мери Бејкер Еди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мери Бејкер Еди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89" title="مارى بيكر ايدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى بيكر ايدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="メリー・ベーカー・エディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メリー・ベーカー・エディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%8A" title="ماري بیکر اډي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماري بیکر اډي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary Baker Eddy" 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searchaux" style="display:none">American founder of Christian Science (1821–1910)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mary Baker Eddy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg/220px-Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg/330px-Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg/440px-Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mary Morse Baker</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1821-07-16</span>)</span>July 16, 1821<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bow,_New_Hampshire" title="Bow, New Hampshire">Bow, New Hampshire</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 3, 1910<span style="display:none">(1910-12-03)</span> (aged 89)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemetery" title="Mount Auburn Cemetery">Mount Auburn Cemetery</a>,</span> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Mary Baker Glover, Mary Patterson, Mary Baker Glover Eddy, Mary Baker G. Eddy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and Health">Science and Health</a></i> (1875)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">George Washington Glover</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1843; died 1844)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Daniel Patterson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1853; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1873)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Asa Gilbert Eddy</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="January 1, 1877">1877</span>; died 1882)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">George Washington Glover II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li>Mark Baker (father)</li> <li>Abigail Ambrose Baker (mother)</li></ul> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Baker" title="Henry M. Baker">Henry M. Baker</a> (cousin)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg/150px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg/225px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg/300px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary Baker Eddy</b> (nee Baker; July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> healer, and author, who in 1879 founded The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ,_Scientist" title="Church of Christ, Scientist">Church of Christ, Scientist</a>, the <i>Mother Church</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a> movement. She also founded <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i> in 1908, and three religious magazines: the <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Sentinel" title="Christian Science Sentinel">Christian Science Sentinel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Journal" title="The Christian Science Journal">The Christian Science Journal</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_of_Christian_Science" title="The Herald of Christian Science">The Herald of Christian Science</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eddy_Biography_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eddy_Biography-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eddy wrote numerous books and articles, most notably the 1875 book <i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health_with_Key_to_the_Scriptures" title="Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures">Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</a></i>, selected as one of the "75 Books By Women Whose Words Have Changed The World" by the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Book_Association" title="Women's National Book Association">Women's National Book Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian_Healer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian_Healer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other works Eddy authored include <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_of_The_Mother_Church" title="Manual of The Mother Church">Manual of The Mother Church</a></i>, and a collection of varied writings that were consolidated posthumously into a book called <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Works_Other_than_Science_and_Health" title="Prose Works Other than Science and Health">Prose Works</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eddy_Biography_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eddy_Biography-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bow,_New_Hampshire"><span id="Bow.2C_New_Hampshire"></span>Bow, New Hampshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bow, New Hampshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Family">Family</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace,_Bow,_New_Hampshire_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="engraving" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace%2C_Bow%2C_New_Hampshire_%282%29.jpg/260px-Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace%2C_Bow%2C_New_Hampshire_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace%2C_Bow%2C_New_Hampshire_%282%29.jpg/390px-Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace%2C_Bow%2C_New_Hampshire_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace%2C_Bow%2C_New_Hampshire_%282%29.jpg/520px-Mary_Baker_Eddy%27s_birthplace%2C_Bow%2C_New_Hampshire_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2569" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption>Eddy's birthplace in Bow, New Hampshire</figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy was born Mary Morse Baker on July 16, 1821, in a farmhouse in Bow, New Hampshire to farmer Mark Baker (d. 1865) and his wife Abigail Barnard Baker, née Ambrose (d. 1849). Eddy was the youngest of six children: boys Samuel Dow (1808), Albert (1810), and George Sullivan (1812), followed by girls Abigail Barnard (1816), Martha Smith (1819), and Mary Morse (1821).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19323_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19323-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199927_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199927-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the cousin of U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Moore Baker">Henry M. Baker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1920online_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1920online-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was the sixth generation of her family born in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19093_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19093-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199927_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199927-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farmhouse she was born in was built by her grandfather, Joseph Baker Jr., on a tract of land his maternal grandfather, Captain John Lovewell, had been given for service in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. Eddy's father Mark inherited, alongside his elder brother James, the farm when Joseph Jr. died in 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19094_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19094-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A staunch <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Calvinist</a>, Mark Baker was an active member of the Tilton <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist Church">Congregationalist Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199927_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199927-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19097_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19097-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/McClure%27s" title="McClure's">McClure's</a></i> reported he had a reputation for holding strong opinions and quarreling with those he disagreed with; one neighbor described him as "[a] tiger for a temper and always in a row."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19325–7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19325–7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also claimed he was an ardent supporter of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(politics)" title="Copperhead (politics)">Copperhead</a> who was reportedly pleased to hear about <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">death</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19098–9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19098–9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite trying to oust his <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> pastor during the war alongside a faction of his church, he refused to leave the church alongside other members of the faction when they failed. Instead, he continued to attend services, but would storm out at the mention of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> during a service.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19099_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19099-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Baker,_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mark_Baker%2C_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg/170px-Mark_Baker%2C_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mark_Baker%2C_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg/255px-Mark_Baker%2C_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mark_Baker%2C_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg/340px-Mark_Baker%2C_father_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="1559" /></a><figcaption>Mark Baker</figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy and her father reportedly had a volatile relationship. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Sutherland_Bates" title="Ernest Sutherland Bates">Ernest Sutherland Bates</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_V._Dittemore" title="John V. Dittemore">John V. Dittemore</a> wrote in 1932 that Baker sought to break Eddy's will with harsh punishment, although her mother often intervened;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in contrast to the strict religiosity of her father, Eddy's mother was described as devout, quiet, light-hearted and nurturing, and a benevolent spiritual influence on Eddy in her formative years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198018–19_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198018–19-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health">Health</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eddy experienced periods of sudden illness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199935_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199935-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who knew the family described her as suddenly falling to the floor, writhing and screaming, or silent and apparently unconscious, sometimes for hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190921–22_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190921–22-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel_(historian)" title="Robert Peel (historian)">Robert Peel</a> wrote that these fits would require the family to send Eddy to the village doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel196645_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel196645-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cause for Eddy's illness was unclear, but biographer <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Fraser" title="Caroline Fraser">Caroline Fraser</a> wrote she believed the cause was most likely <a href="/wiki/Psychogenic_disease" title="Psychogenic disease">psychogenic</a> in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199935_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199935-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to psychoanalyst Julius Silberger, Eddy may have been motivated to have these fits in an effort to control her father's attitude toward her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198028_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198028-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fraser attributed the illness likely to a combination of hypochondria and histrionics as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199935_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199935-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tilton,_New_Hampshire"><span id="Tilton.2C_New_Hampshire"></span>Tilton, New Hampshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tilton, New Hampshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg/170px-EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg/255px-EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg/340px-EddyChildhoodChurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>The Congregational Church in Tilton, New Hampshire, which Eddy attended</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1836, when Eddy was about 14 to 15 years old, she moved with her family to the town of <a href="/wiki/Sanbornton_Bridge,_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbornton Bridge, New Hampshire">Sanbornton Bridge, New Hampshire</a>, approximately twenty miles (32 km) north of Bow. Sanbornton Bridge was renamed in 1869 as Tilton, New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19096_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19096-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ernest Bates and John Dittemore write that Eddy was not able to attend Sanbornton Academy when the family first moved there but was required instead to start at the district school (in the same building) with the youngest girls. She withdrew after a month because of poor health, then received private tuition from the Reverend Enoch Corser. She entered Sanbornton Academy in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore193216–17,_25_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore193216–17,_25-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was received into the Congregational church in Tilton on July 26, 1838, when she was 17, according to church records published by Cather and Milmine. Eddy had written in her autobiography in 1891 that she was 12 when this happened, and that she had discussed the idea of <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestination</a> with the pastor during the examination for her membership; this may have been an attempt to mirror the story of a 12-year-old <a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Jesus in the Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190919–20_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190919–20-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage,_widowhood"><span id="Marriage.2C_widowhood"></span>Marriage, widowhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marriage, widowhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_G._Eddy,_1850s_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mary_Baker_G._Eddy%2C_1850s_%282%29.jpg/170px-Mary_Baker_G._Eddy%2C_1850s_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Mary_Baker_G._Eddy%2C_1850s_%282%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Eddy in the 1850s</figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy was badly affected by four deaths in the 1840s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200662–64_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200662–64-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She regarded her brother Albert as a teacher and mentor, but he died in 1841. In 1844, her first husband George Washington Glover (a friend of her brother Samuel) died after six months of marriage. They had married in December 1843 and set up home in Charleston, South Carolina, where Glover had business, but he died of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> in June 1844 while living in Wilmington, North Carolina. Eddy was with him in Wilmington, six months pregnant. She had to make her way back to New Hampshire, 1,400 miles (2,300 km) by train and steamboat, where her only child George Washington Glover II was born on September 12 in her father's home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200662–63_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200662–63-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998xxix,_68–69_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998xxix,_68–69-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her husband's death, the journey back, and the birth left her physically and mentally exhausted, and she ended up bedridden for months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200663_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200663-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Eddy was unable to care for him, her son was nursed by a local woman while Eddy herself was cared for by a household servant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199937_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199937-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eddy's mother died in November 1849. Her mother's death was then followed three weeks later by the death of Eddy's fiancé, lawyer John Bartlett.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200664_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk200664-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_Patterson_Duncan_Baker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1581" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth Patterson Duncan Baker, Mark Baker's second wife</figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy's father Mark Baker remarried in 1850; his second wife Elizabeth Patterson Duncan (d. June 6, 1875) had been widowed twice, and had some property and income from her second marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill199886–87_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill199886–87-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baker apparently made clear to Eddy that her son would not be welcome in the new marital home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199938_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199938-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_influences">Early influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Study_with_Phineas_Quimby">Study with Phineas Quimby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Study with Phineas Quimby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby.jpg/170px-Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby" title="Phineas Parkhurst Quimby">Phineas Parkhurst Quimby</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy married Dr. Daniel Patterson, a dentist, in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Mesmerism</a> had become popular in New England; and on October 14, 1861, Patterson, wrote to mesmerist <a href="/wiki/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby" title="Phineas Parkhurst Quimby">Phineas Parkhurst Quimby</a>, who reportedly cured people without medicine, asking if he could cure his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell193095–96,_99_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell193095–96,_99-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quimby replied that he had too much work in Portland, Maine and that he could not visit her, but if Patterson brought his wife to him he would treat her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998126_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998126-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy did not immediately go, instead trying the <a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">water cure</a> at Dr. Vail's Hydropathic Institute, but her health deteriorated even further.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell193098_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell193098-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998127_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998127-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, in October 1862, Eddy first visited Quimby.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998131_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998131-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell193098_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell193098-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She improved considerably, and publicly declared that she had been able to walk up 182 steps to the dome of city hall after a week of treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchanan200980–81_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchanan200980–81-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cures were temporary, however, and Eddy suffered relapses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998133–135_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998133–135-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the temporary nature of the "cure", she attached religious significance to it, which Quimby did not.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrerichs1988196_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrerichs1988196-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy believed that it was the same type of healing performed by Christ Jesus, who, unlike Quimby, administered no medicine or material means in his healings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190960_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190960-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1862 to 1865, Quimby and Eddy engaged in lengthy discussions about healing methods like <a href="/wiki/Hydropathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydropathy">hydropathy</a> practiced by Quimby and others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1930109_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1930109-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966180–182_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966180–182-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998146_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998146-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She took notes on her own views of healing, as well as writing dictations from him and "correcting" them with her own ideas, some of which possibly ended up in the "Quimby manuscripts" that were published later and attributed to him. Furthering the case that Eddy had likely written large portions of Quimby's manuscripts, Quimby was notably "illiterate" and would never have had the ability to write his ideas down himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimby_Illiteracy_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimby_Illiteracy-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966181–183_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966181–183-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher192929_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher192929-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Quimby not being especially religious, he embraced the religious connotations Eddy was bringing to his work since he knew his more religious patients would appreciate it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher192927–29_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher192927–29-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phineas Quimby died on January 16, 1866, shortly after Eddy's father.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy,_c._1864.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Mary_Baker_Eddy%2C_c._1864.jpg/170px-Mary_Baker_Eddy%2C_c._1864.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Mary_Baker_Eddy%2C_c._1864.jpg/255px-Mary_Baker_Eddy%2C_c._1864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Mary_Baker_Eddy%2C_c._1864.jpg/340px-Mary_Baker_Eddy%2C_c._1864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>Eddy around 1864</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">J. Gordon Melton</a> has argued "certainly Eddy shared some ideas with Quimby. She differed with him in some key areas, however, such as specific healing techniques. Moreover, she did not share Quimby's hostility toward the Bible and Christianity."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelton1999175_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton1999175-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Gill" title="Gillian Gill">Gillian Gill</a> has disagreed with other scholars arguing they "have flouted the evidence and shown willful bias in accusing Mrs. Eddy of owing her theory of healing to Quimby and of plagiarizing his unpublished work."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998120_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998120-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1866_fall">1866 fall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1866 fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 1, 1866, while living in Lynn, Massachusetts, Eddy slipped and fell on a patch of ice. A contemporary account by the Lynn <i>Reporter</i> stated:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198092–93_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198092–93-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Mrs. Mary Patterson of Swampscott fell upon the ice near the corner of Market and Oxford Streets on Thursday evening and was severely injured. She was taken up in an insensible condition and carried into the residence of S. M. Bubier, Esq., near by, where she was kindly cared for during the night. Dr. Cushing, who was called, found her injuries to be internal and of a severe nature, inducing spasms and internal suffering. She was removed to her home in Swampscott yesterday afternoon, though in a very critical condition.</p></blockquote> <p>When Georgine Milmine interviewed Dr. Cushing forty years later, he stated that his records from the time documented that Eddy was in a "semi-hysterical" intense emotional state which subsided after she was given a small amount of morphine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198092–93_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198092–93-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 14, 1866, the day after Eddy finished her care with Dr. Cushing, Eddy wrote to Julius Dresser, another patient of Phineas Quimby, claiming that her injury and her subsequent medical care had undone all of the healing that Quimby had done before, and requested that he heal her. Dresser refused, stating that he was not enough to take on the burden of healing, and urged Eddy to instead spread Quimby's teachings further. Eddy would later credit her accident as her moment of spiritual revelation and the "falling apple" that led to her discovery of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a>. She claimed that after rejecting the medicines offered to her by her doctor, she opened her Bible three days after her fall and returned to full health after reading of Jesus healing the sick.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198093–97_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198093–97-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritualism">Spiritualism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spiritualism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism (movement)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Patterson_(dentist).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Daniel Patterson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Daniel_Patterson_%28dentist%29.jpg/220px-Daniel_Patterson_%28dentist%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Daniel_Patterson_%28dentist%29.jpg/330px-Daniel_Patterson_%28dentist%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Daniel_Patterson_%28dentist%29.jpg/440px-Daniel_Patterson_%28dentist%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1214" /></a><figcaption>Daniel Patterson</figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy separated from her second husband Daniel Patterson in 1866, after which she boarded for four years with several families in Lynn, Massachusetts and elsewhere. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Frank Podmore</a> wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But she was never able to stay long in one family. She quarrelled successively with all her hostesses, and her departure from the house was heralded on two or three occasions by a violent scene. Her friends during these years were generally Spiritualists; she seems to have professed herself a Spiritualist, and to have taken part in <i>séances</i>. She was occasionally entranced, and had received "spirit communications" from her deceased brother Albert. Her first advertisement as a healer appeared in 1868, in the Spiritualist paper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Banner_of_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="The Banner of Light">The Banner of Light</a></i>. During these years she carried about with her a copy of one of Quimby's manuscripts giving an abstract of his philosophy. This manuscript she permitted some of her pupils to copy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPodmore1909262,_267–268_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPodmore1909262,_267–268-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_G._Eddy,_Lynn,_1871.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mary_Baker_G._Eddy%2C_Lynn%2C_1871.JPG/170px-Mary_Baker_G._Eddy%2C_Lynn%2C_1871.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Mary_Baker_G._Eddy%2C_Lynn%2C_1871.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Eddy in Lynn, Massachusetts in 1871</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Peel, spiritualists were "eager to claim her as one of their own."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966133_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966133-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After she became well known, reports surfaced that Eddy had been a medium years earlier in Boston and St. Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966133_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966133-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, at the time when she was said to be a medium there, she lived some distance away in North Groton, where she was bedridden.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966133_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966133-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998627_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998627-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gill, Eddy knew spiritualists and took part in some of their activities, but was never a convinced believer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998179–180_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998179–180-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, she visited her friend Sarah Crosby in 1864, who believed in Spiritualism. According to <a href="/wiki/Sibyl_Wilbur" title="Sibyl Wilbur">Sibyl Wilbur</a>, Eddy attempted to show Crosby the folly of it by pretending to channel Eddy's dead brother Albert and writing letters which she attributed to him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilbur1913113–116_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilbur1913113–116-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regard to the deception, biographer <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Evelyn_Wortham" title="Hugh Evelyn Wortham">Hugh Evelyn Wortham</a> stated "Mrs. Eddy's followers explain it all as a pleasantry on her part to cure Mrs. Crosby of her credulous belief in spiritualism."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWortham1930220_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWortham1930220-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a> has argued against this, stating that Eddy was working as a spiritualist medium and was convinced by the messages. According to Gardner, Eddy's mediumship converted Crosby to Spiritualism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner199326_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner199326-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Sarah Crosby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg/220px-Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg/330px-Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg/440px-Sarah_G._Crosby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Sarah Crosby</figcaption></figure> <p>In one of her spiritualist trances to Crosby, Eddy gave a message that was supportive of <a href="/wiki/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby" title="Phineas Parkhurst Quimby">Phineas Parkhurst Quimby</a>, stating "P. Quimby of Portland has the spiritual truth of diseases. You must imbibe it to be healed. Go to him again and lean on no material or spiritual medium."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner199325_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner199325-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDakin192956_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakin192956-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paragraph that included this quote was later omitted from an official sanctioned biography of Eddy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDakin192956_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDakin192956-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1866 and 1870, Eddy boarded at the home of Brene Paine Clark who was interested in Spiritualism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998172_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998172-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seances were often conducted there, but Eddy and Clark engaged in vigorous, good-natured arguments about them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998173_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998173-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy's arguments against Spiritualism convinced at least one other who was there at the time—Hiram Crafts—that "her science was far superior to spirit teachings."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998174_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998174-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clark's son George tried to convince Eddy to take up Spiritualism, but he said that she abhorred the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966210–211_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966210–211-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Cather and Milmine, Richard Hazeltine attended seances at Clark's home, and Eddy had acted as a <a href="/wiki/Trance_medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Trance medium">trance medium</a>, claiming to channel the spirits of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909111_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909111-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Gould, a Spiritualist from Lynn, claimed that one of the spirits that Eddy channeled was <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>. According to eyewitness reports cited by Cather and Milmine, Eddy was still attending séances as late as 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909111_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909111-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall191627_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall191627-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these later séances, Eddy would attempt to convert her audience into accepting Christian Science.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeonard200532–33_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonard200532–33-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy showed extensive familiarity with Spiritualist practice,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapport2015200_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERapport2015200-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraude2001183_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraude2001183-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but she denounced it in later Christian Science writings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapport2015212–216_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERapport2015212–216-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Ann Braude wrote that there were similarities between Spiritualism and Christian Science, but the main difference was that Eddy came to believe, after she founded Christian Science, that <a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">spirit manifestations</a> had never really had bodies to begin with, because matter is unreal and that all that really exists is spirit, before and after death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBraude2001186_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBraude2001186-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fiftieth edition of her book, <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health_with_Key_to_the_Scriptures" title="Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures">Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</a>, published in 1891, Eddy added the chapter, <i>Christian Science and Spiritualism</i>. This chapter was renamed in 1910 to <i>Christian Science versus Spiritualism</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_a_church">Building a church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Building a church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_stipple_engraving_circa_1924_-_MET_DP846163_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Mary Baker Eddy stipple engraving <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1924</span> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Haskell" title="Ernest Haskell">Ernest Haskell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy divorced Daniel Patterson for adultery in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She published her work in 1875 in a book entitled <i>Science and Health</i> (years later retitled <i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health_with_Key_to_the_Scriptures" title="Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures">Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</a></i>) which she called the textbook of Christian Science, after several years of offering her healing method. The first publication run was 1,000 copies, which she self-published. During these years, she taught what she considered the science of "primitive Christianity" and the "lost art of healing" to at least 800 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1977483n._104_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1977483n._104-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of her students became healers themselves. The last 100 pages of <i>Science and Health</i> (chapter entitled "Fruitage") contains testimonies of people who affirm to have been healed by reading her book. She made numerous revisions to her book from the time of its first publication until shortly before her death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998324_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998324-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph of black-haired man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_%282%29.jpg/220px-Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_%282%29.jpg/330px-Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_%282%29.jpg/440px-Asa_Gilbert_Eddy_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption>Asa Gilbert Eddy (1826–1882)</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1877, Eddy spurned an approach from one of her students, Daniel Spofford. She then married another student of hers, Asa Gilbert Eddy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel197118–19_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel197118–19-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 1, 1877, the two were wed, and she became Mary Baker Eddy in a small ceremony presided over by a Unitarian minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeasley196383_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeasley196383-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998244_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998244-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1881, Mary Baker Eddy started the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Metaphysical_College" title="Massachusetts Metaphysical College">Massachusetts Metaphysical College</a> with a charter from the state which allowed her to grant degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeasley196382_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeasley196382-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoestler-Grack200452,_56_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoestler-Grack200452,_56-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spring 1882, the Eddys moved to Boston to Massachusetts Metaphysical College.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909283_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909283-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gilbert Eddy's health began to decline around this time,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909283_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909283-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he died June 3 that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909285_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909285-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg/170px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg/255px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg/340px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_cph.3b20582.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption>Mary Baker G. Eddy in later years</figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy devoted the rest of her life to the establishment of the church, writing its bylaws, <i>The <a href="/wiki/Manual_of_The_Mother_Church" title="Manual of The Mother Church">Manual of The Mother Church</a></i>, and revising <i>Science and Health</i>. By the 1870s, she was telling her students, "Some day I will have a church of my own."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel197162_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel197162-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1879, she and her students established the Church of Christ, Scientist,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909269_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909269-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "to commemorate the word and works of our Master [Jesus], which should reinstate primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton190410–11_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton190410–11-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1881, she founded the Massachusetts Metaphysical College,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel197181–82_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel197181–82-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she taught approximately 800 students between the years 1882 and 1889, when she closed it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1977483n._104_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1977483n._104-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy charged her students $300 each for tuition, a large sum for the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaplan200175_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaplan200175-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892, at Eddy's direction, the church reorganized as The First Church of Christ, Scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk2006217_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk2006217-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894, an edifice for <a href="/wiki/The_First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist" title="The First Church of Christ, Scientist">The First Church of Christ, Scientist</a> was completed in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909407_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909407-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her students spread across the country practicing healing, and instructing others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Eddy authorized these students to list themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Practitioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Practitioner">Christian Science Practitioners</a> in the church's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Journal" title="The Christian Science Journal">The Christian Science Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1966196–197_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1966196–197-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also founded the <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Sentinel" title="Christian Science Sentinel">Christian Science Sentinel</a></i>, a weekly magazine with articles about how to heal and testimonies of healing.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the church re-organized in 1892, Eddy was made the leader of the church as "Pastor Emeritus".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909404–406_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909404–406-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895, she ordained the Bible and <i>Science and Health</i> as the pastor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909461–462_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine1909461–462-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eddy founded The Christian Science Publishing Society in 1898, which became the publishing home for numerous publications launched by her and her followers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1977372_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1977372-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1908, at the age of 87, she founded <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>, a daily newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998xv_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998xv-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also founded the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Journal">Christian Science Journal</a> in 1883,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998325_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998325-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a monthly magazine aimed at the church's members and, in 1898,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998410_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998410-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>Christian Science Sentinel</i>, a weekly religious periodical written for a more general audience, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Herald_of_Christian_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Herald of Christian Science">Herald of Christian Science</a></i>, a religious magazine with editions in many languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1977415n._121_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1977415n._121-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences_and_teachings">Influences and teachings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Influences and teachings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malicious_animal_magnetism">Malicious animal magnetism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Malicious animal magnetism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Animal magnetism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Kennedy_(Christian_Science).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Richard_Kennedy_%28Christian_Science%29.jpg/170px-Richard_Kennedy_%28Christian_Science%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Richard_Kennedy_%28Christian_Science%29.jpg/255px-Richard_Kennedy_%28Christian_Science%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Richard_Kennedy_%28Christian_Science%29.jpg/340px-Richard_Kennedy_%28Christian_Science%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Richard Kennedy</figcaption></figure> <p>The opposite of Christian Science <a href="/wiki/Mental_healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental healing">mental healing</a> was the use of mental powers for destructive or selfish reasons – for which Eddy used terms such as <a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">animal magnetism</a>, hypnotism, or mesmerism interchangeably.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeasley196371_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeasley196371-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENenneman1997266_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENenneman1997266-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Malicious animal magnetism", sometimes abbreviated as M.A.M., is what Catherine Albanese called "a Calvinist devil lurking beneath the metaphysical surface".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbanese2007290_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese2007290-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As there is no personal devil or evil in Christian Science, M.A.M. or mesmerism became the explanation for the problem of evil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams199742–43_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199742–43-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESquires201792_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESquires201792-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy was concerned that a new practitioner could inadvertently harm a patient through unenlightened use of their mental powers, and that less scrupulous individuals could use them as a weapon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore198686_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore198686-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Animal magnetism became one of the most controversial aspects of Eddy's life. The <i>McClure's</i> biography spends a significant amount of time on malicious animal magnetism, which it uses to make the case that Eddy had paranoia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESquires201742_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESquires201742-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Next Friends lawsuit, it was used to charge Eddy with incompetence and "general insanity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeehan1908172–173_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeehan1908172–173-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeasley1963283,_358_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeasley1963283,_358-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Gillian Gill, Eddy's experience with Richard Kennedy, one of her early students, was what led her to began her examination of malicious animal magnetism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998207–208_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998207–208-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy had agreed to form a partnership with Kennedy in 1870, in which she would teach him how to heal, and he would take patients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998188,_192_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998188,_192-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The partnership was rather successful at first, but by 1872 Kennedy had fallen out with his teacher and torn up their contract.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998192,_201_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998192,_201-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there were multiple issues raised, the main reason for the break according to Gill was Eddy's insistence that Kennedy stop "rubbing" his patient's head and solar plexus, which she saw as harmful since, as Gill states, "traditionally in mesmerism or hypnosis the head and abdomen were manipulated so that the subject would be prepared to enter into trance."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998202_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998202-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy clearly did believe in clairvoyance, mind reading, and absent mesmeric treatment; and after their split Eddy believed that Kennedy was using his mesmeric abilities to try to harm her and her movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998207–208_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998207–208-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1882, Eddy publicly claimed that her last husband, Asa Gilbert Eddy, had died of "mental assassination".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller199562_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199562-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniel Spofford was another Christian Scientist expelled by Eddy after she accused him of practicing malicious animal magnetism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaller1981139_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaller1981139-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gained notoriety in a case irreverently dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Salem_witchcraft_trial_(1878)" title="Salem witchcraft trial (1878)">Second Salem Witch Trial</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGallagherAshcroft200693_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagherAshcroft200693-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, Eddy set up "watches" for her staff to pray about challenges facing the Christian Science movement and to handle animal magnetism which arose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998397_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998397-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gill writes that Eddy got the term from the New Testament account of the garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus chastises his disciples for being unable to "watch" even for a short time; and that Eddy used it to refer to "a particularly vigilant and active form of prayer, a set period of time when specific people would put their thoughts toward God, review questions and problems of the day, and seek spiritual understanding."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998397_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998397-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics such as Georgine Milmine in <i>Mclure's</i>, Edwin Dakin, and John Dittemore, all claimed this was evidence that Eddy had a great fear of malicious animal magnetism; although Gilbert Carpenter, one of Eddy's staff at the time, insisted she was not fearful of it, and that she was simply being vigilant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998397_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998397-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As time went on, Eddy tried to lessen the focus on animal magnetism within the movement, and she worked to clearly define it as unreality which only had power if one conceded to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998444_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998444-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though, it continued to play an important role in the teaching of Christian Science.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk1973113_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk1973113-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The belief in malicious animal magnetism remains a part of Christian Science doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1961126_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1961126-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2000201_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2000201-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian Scientists use it as a specific term for a hypnotic belief in a power apart from God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMead1995106_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMead1995106-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></div> <p>Scholars debate the influence of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> on Eddy and her work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1995174_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1995174-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1930 work <i><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_Invades_America" title="Hinduism Invades America">Hinduism Invades America</a></i> argues Eddy referenced the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad-Gita" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavad-Gita">Bhagavad-Gita</a> in the 33rd edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and Health">Science and Health</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas1930228–234_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas1930228–234-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Gill" title="Gillian Gill">Gillian Gill</a> argued that that her editor, Reverend <a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Wiggin" title="James Henry Wiggin">James Henry Wiggin</a>, had introduced the references, and Eddy removed from the 1891 revision all the references to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern religions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998332–333_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998332–333-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Scientist">Christian Scientist</a> church member and historian <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gottschalk" title="Stephen Gottschalk">Stephen Gottschalk</a> argued that Eddy consciously distinguished <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a> from Eastern religions starting in the mid-1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGottschalk1973152–153_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGottschalk1973152–153-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damodar Singhal noted that whether or not Eddy was directly influenced by Hindu philosophy, "the echoes of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> in [her] literature are often striking."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinghal1980136_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinghal1980136-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Israelism">British Israelism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: British Israelism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a></div> <p>Eddy was introduced to <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a> by Julia Field-King, who herself was introduced by the writings of <a href="/wiki/C._A._L._Totten" title="C. A. L. Totten">C. A. L. Totten</a>. Totten alleged to have traced <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>'s genealogy to <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a> and Field-King offered to create a genealogy tracing Eddy to King David. Eddy eventually requested Field-King cease work on the genealogy and transferred her to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to work on expanding the church there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1980114-121_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1980114-121-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since her death, academics have debated the extent of Eddy's relationship with British Israelism with Christian Scientist historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel_(historian)" title="Robert Peel (historian)">Robert Peel</a> arguing she was "intrigued by the theory for several years," while keeping "it resolutely out of her work and her writing on Christian Science." He acknowledges she uses the term "Anglo-Israel" in one poem, but argues the meaning is "metaphorical" instead of "ethnic or historical."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1980118-119_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1980118-119-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political Scientist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barkun" title="Michael Barkun">Michael Barkun</a> argued that "Eddy continued to maintain an interest in British-Israelism, although she kept it out of her doctrinal writings" and noted that a "schismatic offshoot" organized by Annie Cecelia Bill in England after Eddy's death centered on British-Israelism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun199726-27_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun199726-27-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor of religious studies John K. Simmons, citing Peel, argued that Eddy "gave the theory no real credence, at least in verifiable written form," but acknowledged British-Israelism "seemed to attract the turn-of-the-century metaphysical crowd."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimmons1991119_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimmons1991119-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_medicine">Use of medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Use of medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg/170px-Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg/255px-Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg/340px-Calvin_A._Frye_cph.3b20581.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>Calvin Frye, Eddy's personal secretary</figcaption></figure> <p>There is controversy about how much Eddy used morphine. Biographers <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Sutherland_Bates" title="Ernest Sutherland Bates">Ernest Sutherland Bates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Franden_Dakin" title="Edwin Franden Dakin">Edwin Franden Dakin</a> described Eddy as a morphine addict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreman201358_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreman201358-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miranda Rice, a friend and close student of Eddy, told a newspaper in 1906: "I know that Mrs. Eddy was addicted to morphine in the seventies."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpringer1930299_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringer1930299-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diary kept by Calvin Frye, Eddy's personal secretary, suggests that Eddy occasionally reverted to "the old morphine habit" when she was in pain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardner1993271_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner1993271-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gill writes that the prescription of morphine was normal medical practice at the time, and that "I remain convinced that Mary Baker Eddy was never addicted to morphine."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGill1998546_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGill1998546-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eddy recommended to her son that, rather than go against the law of the state, he should have her grandchildren vaccinated. She also paid for a mastectomy for her sister-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhorton2004128_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhorton2004128-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy used glasses for several years for very fine print, but later dispensed with them almost entirely, claiming she could read fine print with ease.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1977108–109,_411n._65_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1977108–109,_411n._65-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel1971376_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel1971376-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Arthur Brisbane</a> interviewed Eddy. At one point he picked up a periodical, selected at random a paragraph, and asked Eddy to read it. According to Brisbane, at the age of eighty six, she read the ordinary magazine type without glasses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane1907456_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane1907456-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of her life she was frequently attended by physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStark1988189–214_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStark1988189–214-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Next_Friends_lawsuit">Next Friends lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Next Friends lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Next_Friends_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="The Next Friends suit">The Next Friends suit</a></div> <p>In 1907, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i> sponsored a lawsuit, known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Next_Friends_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="The Next Friends suit">The Next Friends suit</a>", which journalist <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Canham" title="Erwin Canham">Erwin Canham</a> described as "designed to wrest from [Eddy] and her trusted officials all control of her church and its activities."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanham195814–15_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanham195814–15-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the course of the legal case, four psychiatrists interviewed Eddy, then 86 years old, to determine whether she could manage her own affairs, and concluded that she was able to.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore1932411,_413,_417_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore1932411,_413,_417-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physician <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLane_Hamilton" title="Allan McLane Hamilton">Allan McLane Hamilton</a> told <i>The New York Times</i> that the attacks on Eddy were the result of "a spirit of religious persecution that has at last quite overreached itself", and that "there seems to be a manifest injustice in taxing so excellent and capable an old lady as Mrs. Eddy with any form of insanity."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYTimes1907online_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYTimes1907online-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1907 article in the <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA" title="JAMA">Journal of the American Medical Association</a></i> noted that Eddy exhibited hysterical and psychotic behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnonymous1907614–615_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnonymous1907614–615-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Karl_Menninger" title="Karl Menninger">Karl Menninger</a> in his book <i>The Human Mind</i> (1927) cited Eddy's paranoid delusions about malicious animal magnetism as an example of a "schizoid personality".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenninger192784_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenninger192784-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Psychologists Leon Joseph Saul and <a href="/wiki/Silas_L._Warner" title="Silas L. Warner">Silas L. Warner</a>, in their book <i>The Psychotic Personality</i> (1982), came to the conclusion that Eddy had diagnostic characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">Psychotic Personality Disorder</a> (PPD).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaulWarner1982187–188_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaulWarner1982187–188-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, psychologists <a href="/wiki/Barber_and_Calverley" class="mw-redirect" title="Barber and Calverley">Theodore Barber</a> and Sheryl C. Wilson suggested that Eddy displayed traits of a <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_prone_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy prone personality">fantasy prone personality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilsonBarber1983340–387_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilsonBarber1983340–387-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/George_Eman_Vaillant" title="George Eman Vaillant">George Eman Vaillant</a> wrote that Eddy was hypochrondriacal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVaillant199270_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaillant199270-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychopharmacologist <a href="/wiki/Ronald_K._Siegel" title="Ronald K. Siegel">Ronald K. Siegel</a> has written that Eddy's lifelong secret morphine habit contributed to her development of "progressive paranoia".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel1994105_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel1994105-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_(00316p)2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_%2800316p%292.jpg/220px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_%2800316p%292.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_%2800316p%292.jpg/330px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_%2800316p%292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_%2800316p%292.jpg/440px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_monument_in_Mt._Auburn_Cemetery_%2800316p%292.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6080" data-file-height="4140" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Eddy in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemetery" title="Mount Auburn Cemetery">Mount Auburn Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Eddy died of pneumonia on the evening of December 3, 1910, at her home at 400 Beacon Street, in the <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill,_Massachusetts" title="Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts">Chestnut Hill</a> section of Newton, Massachusetts. Her death was announced the next morning, when a city medical examiner was called in.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYTimes1910online_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYTimes1910online-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was buried on December 8, 1910, at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemetery" title="Mount Auburn Cemetery">Mount Auburn Cemetery</a> in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her open-air mausoleum was designed by New York architect <a href="/wiki/Egerton_Swartwout" title="Egerton Swartwout">Egerton Swartwout</a> (1870–1943).<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bronze memorial relief of Eddy by Lynn sculptor Reno Pisano was unveiled in December 2000, at the corner of Market Street and Oxford Street in Lynn, Massachusetts, near the site of her fall in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2001online_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShippey2001online-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafronoff2016online_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESafronoff2016online-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, Eddy was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%E2%80%99s_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women’s Hall of Fame">National Women’s Hall of Fame</a> as the first American woman to have founded a worldwide religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Mary_Baker_Eddy_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mary_Baker_Eddy-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eddy was named one of the "100 Most Significant Americans of All Time" in 2014 by <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrail2014online_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrail2014online-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her book <i>Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</i> was ranked as one of the "75 Books by Women Whose Words Have Changed the World" by the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Book_Association" title="Women's National Book Association">Women's National Book Association</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOakley2015online_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOakley2015online-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Mary_Baker_Eddy_residences"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residences">Residences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Residences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1921, on the 100th anniversary of Eddy's birth, a 100-ton (in rough) and 60–70 tons (hewn) pyramid with a 121 square foot (11.2 m<sup>2</sup>) footprint was dedicated on the site of her birthplace in Bow, New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYTimes1921online_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYTimes1921online-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A gift from James F. Lord, it was dynamited in 1962 by order of the church's board of directors. Also demolished was Eddy's former home in Pleasant View, as the Board feared that it was becoming a place of pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartsook199425–28_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartsook199425–28-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eddy is featured on a <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_historical_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire historical marker">New Hampshire historical marker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Hampshire_historical_markers_(101%E2%80%93125)#105" title="List of New Hampshire historical markers (101–125)">number 105</a>) along <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Route_9" title="New Hampshire Route 9">New Hampshire Route 9</a> in Concord, New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENH.gov2018online_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENH.gov2018online-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several of Eddy's homes are owned and maintained as historic sites by the Longyear Museum and may be visited (the list below is arranged by date of her occupancy):<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1855–1860 – Hall's Brook Road, North Groton, New Hampshire</li> <li>1860–1862 – Stinson Lake Road, Rumney, New Hampshire</li> <li>1865–1866 – 23 Paradise Road, Swampscott, Massachusetts<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1868,1870 – 277 Main Street, Amesbury, Massachusetts</li> <li>1868–1870 – 133 Central Street, Stoughton, Massachusetts</li> <li>1875–1882 – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy_House_(Lynn,_Massachusetts)" title="Mary Baker Eddy House (Lynn, Massachusetts)">8 Broad Street</a>, Lynn, Massachusetts (<a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">NRHP</a>-listed in 2021)</li> <li>1889–1892 – <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Foster_House_and_Perley_Cleaves_House" title="Reuben Foster House and Perley Cleaves House">62 North State Street</a>, Concord, New Hampshire (NRHP-listed in 1982)</li> <li>1908–1910 – <a href="/wiki/Dupee_Estate%E2%80%93Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home" title="Dupee Estate–Mary Baker Eddy Home">400 Beacon Street</a>, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (NRHP-listed in 1986)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott,_MA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="23 Paradise Road, Swampscott, Massachusetts"><img alt="23 Paradise Road, Swampscott, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott%2C_MA.JPG/120px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott%2C_MA.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott%2C_MA.JPG/180px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott%2C_MA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott%2C_MA.JPG/240px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Swampscott%2C_MA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">23 Paradise Road, Swampscott, Massachusetts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury,_Massachusetts.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="277 Main Street, Amesbury, Massachusetts"><img alt="277 Main Street, Amesbury, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/120px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury%2C_Massachusetts.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/180px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury%2C_Massachusetts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/240px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House_-_Amesbury%2C_Massachusetts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">277 Main Street, Amesbury, Massachusetts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House,_Stoughton_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="133 Central Street, Stoughton, Massachusetts"><img alt="133 Central Street, Stoughton, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House%2C_Stoughton_MA.jpg/120px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House%2C_Stoughton_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House%2C_Stoughton_MA.jpg/180px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House%2C_Stoughton_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House%2C_Stoughton_MA.jpg/240px-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Historic_House%2C_Stoughton_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">133 Central Street, Stoughton, Massachusetts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:8_Broad_Street,_Lynn,_Massachusetts,_1906_(postcard,_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="8 Broad Street, Lynn, Massachusetts"><img alt="8 Broad Street, Lynn, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/8_Broad_Street%2C_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts%2C_1906_%28postcard%2C_cropped%29.jpg/120px-8_Broad_Street%2C_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts%2C_1906_%28postcard%2C_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/8_Broad_Street%2C_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts%2C_1906_%28postcard%2C_cropped%29.jpg/180px-8_Broad_Street%2C_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts%2C_1906_%28postcard%2C_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/8_Broad_Street%2C_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts%2C_1906_%28postcard%2C_cropped%29.jpg/240px-8_Broad_Street%2C_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts%2C_1906_%28postcard%2C_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8 Broad Street, Lynn, Massachusetts</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home,_Newton,_Massachusetts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="400 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts"><img alt="400 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home%2C_Newton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/120px-Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home%2C_Newton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home%2C_Newton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/180px-Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home%2C_Newton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home%2C_Newton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/240px-Dupee_Estate_-_Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home%2C_Newton%2C_Massachusetts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3416" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">400 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marybakereddylibrary.org/mary-baker-eddy/writings/">"Writings"</a> via the Mary Baker Eddy Library.</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEddy1910" class="citation book cs1"><i>Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</i>. 1910 [1875].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Health+with+Key+to+the+Scriptures&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1896" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31427/31427-h/31427-h.html"><i>Miscellaneous Writings, 1883–1896</i></a>. 1896.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+Writings%2C+1883%E2%80%931896&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F31427%2F31427-h%2F31427-h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1891" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/retrospectionin00eddy"><i>Retrospection and Introspection</i></a>. Boston, Mass., W. G. Nixon. 1891.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Retrospection+and+Introspection&rft.pub=Boston%2C+Mass.%2C+W.+G.+Nixon&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fretrospectionin00eddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1887" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16591/16591-h/16591-h.htm"><i>Unity of Good</i></a>. 1887.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unity+of+Good&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F16591%2F16591-h%2F16591-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1896" class="citation book cs1"><i>Miscellaneous Writings</i>. 1896.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+Writings&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1895" class="citation book cs1"><i>Pulpit and Press</i>. 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pulpit+and+Press&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1887" class="citation book cs1"><i>Rudimental Divine Science</i>. 1887.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rudimental+Divine+Science&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1887" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406042316/http://christianscience.com/read-online/no-and-yes"><i>No and Yes</i></a>. 1887. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christianscience.com/read-online/no-and-yes">the original</a> on April 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+and+Yes&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristianscience.com%2Fread-online%2Fno-and-yes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1898" class="citation book cs1"><i>Christian Science versus Pantheism</i>. 1898.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Science+versus+Pantheism&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1886" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cslectures.org/thebooks/other/Christian%20Healing-Eddy.htm"><i>Christian Healing</i></a>. 1886.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Healing&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cslectures.org%2Fthebooks%2Fother%2FChristian%2520Healing-Eddy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1886" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35081/35081-h/35081-h.htm"><i>The People's Idea of God, Its Effect on Health and Christianity</i></a>. 1886.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+People%27s+Idea+of+God%2C+Its+Effect+on+Health+and+Christianity&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F35081%2F35081-h%2F35081-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1913" class="citation book cs1"><i>The First Church of Christ, Scientist, and Miscellany</i>. 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Church+of+Christ%2C+Scientist%2C+and+Miscellany&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1895" class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Manual_of_the_Mother_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual of the Mother Church">Manual of the Mother Church</a></i>. 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+the+Mother+Church&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1893" class="citation book cs1"><i>Christ and Christmas</i>. 1893.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+and+Christmas&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1900" class="citation book cs1"><i>Message to The Mother Church for 1900</i>. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Message+to+The+Mother+Church+for+1900&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1901" class="citation book cs1"><i>Message to The Mother Church for 1901</i>. 1901.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Message+to+The+Mother+Church+for+1901&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1902" class="citation book cs1"><i>Message to The Mother Church for 1902</i>. 1902.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Message+to+The+Mother+Church+for+1902&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddy1910" class="citation book cs1"><i>Poems</i>. 1910.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poems&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septimus_J._Hanna" title="Septimus J. Hanna">Septimus J. Hanna</a>, student of Eddy and vice-president of the Massachusetts Metaphysical College</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Rathvon" title="William R. Rathvon">William R. Rathvon</a>, student of Eddy, early Christian Scientist and lone person to leave an audio recording of his hearing Lincoln's <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Address" title="Gettysburg Address">Gettysburg Address</a> at the age of nine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bliss_Knapp" title="Bliss Knapp">Bliss Knapp</a>, a child when the church was in its formative years. Later, he was a teacher and also lectured for 21 years. His father was one of the first Directors of The Mother Church. Knapp's Book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Destiny_of_the_Mother_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Destiny of the Mother Church">The Destiny of the Mother Church</a>,</i> which was rejected by the Church but privately published, was quite controversial, and Knapp's opinions of Eddy remain controversial to this day in the Christian Science Church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Emma_Stetson" title="Augusta Emma Stetson">Augusta Emma Stetson</a>, pastor and later First Reader of <a href="/wiki/First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(New_York,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Church of Christ, Scientist (New York, New York)">First Church of Christ, Scientist (New York, New York)</a>, excommunicated by the Mother Church in 1909.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">William E. Chandler</a>, ardent anti-Christian Science lead counsel for the 1907 <a href="/wiki/Next_Friends_suit" title="Next Friends suit">Next Friends suit</a> against Mary Baker Eddy, a case he would eventually lose, admitting of Eddy: "She's sharp as a steel trap."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta_T._Webb" title="Marietta T. Webb">Marietta T. Webb</a>, the only Black American to have a personal healing testimony selected by Eddy to appear in <i>Science and Health</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl_Wilbur" title="Sibyl Wilbur">Sibyl Wilbur</a>, an American journalist, suffragist, and author of <i>The Life of Mary Baker Eddy</i>, which became the first church-authorized biography to be sold in <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a> Reading Rooms.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Baker died on October 13, 1865. He left his entire estate to George Sullivan Baker, Mary's brother, and a token $1.00 to Mary and each of her two sisters, a common practice at the time, when male heirs inherited everything.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnee19947_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnee19947-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Eddy_Biography-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eddy_Biography_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eddy_Biography_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-eddy">"Mary Baker Eddy, Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science"</a>. National Women's History Museum. October 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%2C+Discoverer+and+Founder+of+Christian+Science&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenshistory.org%2Feducation-resources%2Fbiographies%2Fmary-eddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnba-books.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/75-Books-by-Women-Whose-Words-Have-Changed-the-World.pdf">75 Books by Women Whose Words Have Changed the World</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian_Healer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christian_Healer_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/mary-baker-eddy/">"1995 Inductee to Women's Hall of Fame"</a>. National Women's Hall of Fame. August 22, 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1995+Inductee+to+Women%27s+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=1995-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenofthehall.org%2Finductee%2Fmary-baker-eddy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19323-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19323_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBatesDittemore1932">Bates & Dittemore 1932</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199927-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199927_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199927_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199927_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser1999">Fraser 1999</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1920online-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1920online_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1920">Smith 1920</a>, online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19093-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19093_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatherMilmine1909">Cather & Milmine 1909</a>, pp. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19094-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19094_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatherMilmine1909">Cather & Milmine 1909</a>, pp. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19097-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19097_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatherMilmine1909">Cather & Milmine 1909</a>, pp. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19325–7-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19325–7_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBatesDittemore1932">Bates & Dittemore 1932</a>, pp. 5–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19098–9-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19098–9_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatherMilmine1909">Cather & Milmine 1909</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19099-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19099_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatherMilmine1909">Cather & Milmine 1909</a>, pp. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatesDittemore19327_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBatesDittemore1932">Bates & Dittemore 1932</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198018–19-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198018–19_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilberger1980">Silberger 1980</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199935-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199935_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199935_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199935_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser1999">Fraser 1999</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190921–22-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine190921–22_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatherMilmine1909">Cather & Milmine 1909</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeel196645-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeel196645_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeel1966">Peel 1966</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilberger198028-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilberger198028_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilberger1980">Silberger 1980</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19096-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatherMilmine19096_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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Longyear Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longyear.org/historic-houses">the original</a> on June 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+Longyear+Museum+and+the+Mary+Baker+Eddy+Historic+Houses&rft.pub=Longyear+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longyear.org%2Fhistoric-houses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202154549/https://www.longyear.org/historic-houses/swampscott-massachusetts-0">"Swampscott, Massachusetts"</a>. Longyear Museum. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swampscott%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Longyear+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longyear.org%2Fhistoric-houses%2Fswampscott-massachusetts-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1907" class="citation journal cs1">Anonymous (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/462330">"Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy's Case of Hysteria"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>. <b>XLVIII</b> (7).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Mary+Baker+Eddy%27s+Case+of+Hysteria&rft.volume=XLVIII&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1907&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fjournals%2Fjama%2Farticle-abstract%2F462330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2007" class="citation book cs1">Albanese, Catherine L. (2007). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Republic_of_Mind_and_Spirit:_A_Cultural_History_of_American_Metaphysical_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion">A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion</a></i>. New Haven: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Republic+of+Mind+and+Spirit%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+American+Metaphysical+Religion&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Albanese&rft.aufirst=Catherine+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkun1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barkun" title="Michael Barkun">Barkun, Michael</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religionracistri0000bark/page/26/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Religion and the racist right : the origins of the Christian Identity movement</i></a>. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-1111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-1111-2"><bdi>978-1-4696-1111-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dittemore">Dittemore, John V.</a> (1932). <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy:_The_Truth_and_the_Tradition" title="Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition">Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition</a></i>. New York: A. A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1199769">1199769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+The+Truth+and+the+Tradition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=A.+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1199769&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=Ernest+S.&rft.au=Dittemore%2C+John+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeasley1963" class="citation book cs1">Beasley, Norman (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G10aAAAAMAAJ"><i>Mary Baker Eddy</i></a>. 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Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1453-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1453-8"><bdi>978-0-8032-1453-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313050787" title="Special:BookSources/9780313050787"><bdi>9780313050787</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+New+and+Alternative+Religions+in+America&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780313050787&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Ashcroft%2C+Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZiScvbS6-cC%26pg%3DRA1-PA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Gardner, Martin</a> (1993). <i>The Healing Revelations of Mary Baker Eddy</i>. 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Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7382-0042-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7382-0042-2"><bdi>978-0-7382-0042-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7382-0042-2&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddyrad00gill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottschalk1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gottschalk" title="Stephen Gottschalk">Gottschalk, Stephen</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emergenceofchris00step"><i>The Emergence of Christian Science in American Religious Life</i></a>. 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Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34673-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34673-5"><bdi>978-0-253-34673-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rolling+Away+the+Stone%3A+Mary+Baker+Eddy%27s+Challenge+to+Materialism&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34673-5&rft.aulast=Gottschalk&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frollingawaystone0000gott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnee1994" class="citation book cs1">Knee, Stuart E. (1994). <i>Christian Science in the Age of Mary Baker Eddy</i>. 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Facts on File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-7866-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-7866-2"><bdi>978-0-7910-7866-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-7866-2&rft.aulast=Koestler-Grack&rft.aufirst=Rachel+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddy0000koes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2005" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Todd Jay (2005). <i>Talking to the Other Side</i>. New York: iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-36353-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-36353-7"><bdi>978-0-595-36353-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talking+to+the+Other+Side&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-595-36353-7&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Todd+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead1995" class="citation book cs1">Mead, Frank S. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofdenomi0000mead_d0r0"><i>Handbook of Denominations</i></a> (10th ed.). Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780687014781" title="Special:BookSources/9780687014781"><bdi>9780687014781</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Denominations&rft.place=Nashville%2C+TN&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780687014781&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Frank+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofdenomi0000mead_d0r0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeehan1908" class="citation book cs1">Meehan, Michael (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrseddyandlates00meehgoog"><i>Mrs. Eddy and the Late Suit in Equity</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mrs.+Eddy+and+the+Late+Suit+in+Equity&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmrseddyandlates00meehgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelton1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">Melton, J. Gordon</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousleaders0000melt/page/174/mode/2up"><i>Religious Leaders of America: A Biographical Guide to Founders and Leaders of Religious Bodies, Churches, and Spiritual Groups in North America</i></a>. Detroit: Gale Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810388789" title="Special:BookSources/9780810388789"><bdi>9780810388789</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Leaders+of+America%3A+A+Biographical+Guide+to+Founders+and+Leaders+of+Religious+Bodies%2C+Churches%2C+and+Spiritual+Groups+in+North+America&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780810388789&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousleaders0000melt%2Fpage%2F174%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenninger1927" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Menninger" title="Karl Menninger">Menninger, Karl</a> (1927). <i>The Human Mind</i>. 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State University of New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Alternative+Religions&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1986" class="citation book cs1">Moore, R. Laurence (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SG2qNXqdNHsC"><i>Religious Outsiders and the Making of Americans</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536399-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536399-9"><bdi>978-0-19-536399-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Outsiders+and+the+Making+of+Americans&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536399-9&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R.+Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSG2qNXqdNHsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreman2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Moreman, Christopher M. (2013). <i>The Spiritualist Movement: Speaking with the Dead in America and Around the World</i>. Vol. 1: American Origins and Global Proliferation. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39947-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39947-3"><bdi>978-0-313-39947-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spiritualist+Movement%3A+Speaking+with+the+Dead+in+America+and+Around+the+World&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39947-3&rft.aulast=Moreman&rft.aufirst=Christopher+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNenneman1997" class="citation book cs1">Nenneman, Richard A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/persistentpilgri00nenn"><i>Persistent Pilgrim: The Life of Mary Baker Eddy</i></a>. Nebbadoon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891331-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891331-02-2"><bdi>978-1-891331-02-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persistent+Pilgrim%3A+The+Life+of+Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.pub=Nebbadoon+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-891331-02-2&rft.aulast=Nenneman&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpersistentpilgri00nenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNH.gov2018" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf">"List of Markers by Marker Number"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>nh.gov</i>. New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources. November 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nh.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+Markers+by+Marker+Number&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhdhr%2Fmarkers%2Fdocuments%2Fmarkers_bynumber.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton1904" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Carol (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o71NAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Christian Science Church, Its Organization and Policy: The History of the Apostolic Church and the Formation of the Christian Science Church Compared</i></a>. 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August 25, 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Alan+McLane+Hamilton+Tells+About+His+Visit+to+Mrs.+Eddy%3B+After+a+Month%27s+Investigation+Famous+Alienist+Considers+Leader+of+Christian+Scientists+%22Absolutely+Normal+and+Possessed+of+Remarkably+Clear+Intellect%22&rft.date=1907-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFB0810FF3B5A15738DDDAC0A94D0405B878CF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNYTimes1910" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D01EFDD1638E333A25756C0A9649D946196D6CF">"Mrs. Eddy Dies of Pneumonia; No Doctor Near"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 5, 1910.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Eddy+Dies+of+Pneumonia%3B+No+Doctor+Near&rft.date=1910-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9D01EFDD1638E333A25756C0A9649D946196D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNYTimes1921" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1921/07/17/archives/eddy-centenary-observed-at-bow-new-yorkers-in-group-who-lay.html">"Eddy Centenary Observed at Bow"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Concord, NH. July 17, 1921<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Holt, Rinehart and Winston.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+The+Years+of+Discovery&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddyyea0000peel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeel1971" class="citation book cs1">Peel, Robert (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marybakereddyyea00peel"><i>Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Trial</i></a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-086700-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-086700-2"><bdi>978-0-03-086700-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+The+Years+of+Trial&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-03-086700-2&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddyyea00peel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeel1977" class="citation book cs1">Peel, Robert (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marybakereddyaut00peel"><i>Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority</i></a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-021081-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-021081-5"><bdi>978-0-03-021081-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+The+Years+of+Authority&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-03-021081-5&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddyaut00peel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeel1980" class="citation book cs1">Peel, Robert (February 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marybakereddyyea0000robe/page/114/mode/2up"><i>Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority</i></a>. Henry Holt & Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056709-4"><bdi>978-0-03-056709-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+The+Years+of+Authority&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1980-02&rft.isbn=978-0-03-056709-4&rft.aulast=Peel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddyyea0000robe%2Fpage%2F114%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodmore1909" class="citation book cs1">Podmore, Frank (1909). <i>Mesmerism and Christian Science: A Short History of Mental Healing</i>. George W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Sentinel&rft.atitle=City+of+%22firsts%22+Lynn%2C+Massachusetts%2C+honors+Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.date=2001-01-29&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsentinel.christianscience.com%2Fshared%2Fview%2Fopq1r8reyo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_K._Siegel" title="Ronald K. Siegel">Siegel, Ronald K.</a> (1994). <i>Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+An+Interpretive+Biography+of+the+Founder+of+Christian+Science&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-316-79090-1&rft.aulast=Silberger&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakereddyint00silb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmons1991" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, John K. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whenprophetsdiep0000unse/page/118/mode/2up?view=theater">"Charisma and Covenant: The Christian Science Movement in its Initial Postcharismatic Phase"</a>. <i>When prophets die : the postcharismatic fate of new religious movements</i>. Albany : State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0717-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0717-2"><bdi>978-0-7914-0717-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charisma+and+Covenant%3A+The+Christian+Science+Movement+in+its+Initial+Postcharismatic+Phase&rft.btitle=When+prophets+die+%3A+the+postcharismatic+fate+of+new+religious+movements&rft.pub=Albany+%3A+State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-0717-2&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhenprophetsdiep0000unse%2Fpage%2F118%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghal1980" class="citation book cs1">Singhal, Damodar (1980). <i>Modern Indian Society and Culture</i>. 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Coward-McCann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=According+to+the+Flesh%3A+A+Biography+of+Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.pub=Coward-McCann&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Springer&rft.aufirst=Fleta+Campbell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2017" class="citation book cs1">Squires, L. Ashley (2017). <i>Healing the Nation: Literature, Progress, and Christian Science</i> (Kindle ed.). Indiana University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Healing+the+Nation%3A+Literature%2C+Progress%2C+and+Christian+Science&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=L.+Ashley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStark1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Stark" title="Rodney Stark">Stark, Rodney</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537909808580830#preview">"The Rise and Fall of Christian Science"</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary Religion</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 189–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13537909808580830">10.1080/13537909808580830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Religion&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Christian+Science&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=189-214&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13537909808580830&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F13537909808580830%23preview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1930" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Wendell (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hinduisminvadesa013865mbp#page/n227/mode/2up"><i>Hinduism Invades America</i></a>. The Beacon Press. pp. 228–234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism+Invades+America&rft.pages=228-234&rft.pub=The+Beacon+Press&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Wendell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhinduisminvadesa013865mbp%23page%2Fn227%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaillant1992" class="citation book cs1">Vaillant, George (1992). <i>Ego Mechanisms of Defense: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers</i>. American Psychiatric Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ego+Mechanisms+of+Defense%3A+A+Guide+for+Clinicians+and+Researchers&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Vaillant&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhorton2004" class="citation book cs1">Whorton, James C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RU0DndWVSPoC"><i>Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517162-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517162-4"><bdi>978-0-19-517162-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature+Cures%3A+The+History+of+Alternative+Medicine+in+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517162-4&rft.aulast=Whorton&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRU0DndWVSPoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilbur1913" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sibyl_Wilbur" title="Sibyl Wilbur">Wilbur, Silby</a> (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Life of Mary Baker Eddy (Wilbur)/Chapter 09/Mesmerism Dominant"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Life_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy_(Wilbur)/Chapter_09/Mesmerism_Dominant">"Mesmerism Dominant" </a></span>. <i>The Life of Mary Baker Eddy</i>. The Christian Science Publishing Society – via Wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mesmerism+Dominant&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.pub=The+Christian+Science+Publishing+Society&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Wilbur&rft.aufirst=Silby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span> [<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:The_Life_of_Mary_Baker_Eddy_(Wilbur).djvu" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Index:The Life of Mary Baker Eddy (Wilbur).djvu">scan</a></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wikisource link" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1997" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Jean Kinney (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christianscienti00will"><i>The Christian Scientists</i></a>. New York: Franklin Watts. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780531113097" title="Special:BookSources/9780531113097"><bdi>9780531113097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Scientists&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Franklin+Watts&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780531113097&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jean+Kinney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristianscienti00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2000" class="citation book cs1">Williams, William (2000). <i>Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy</i>. Facts on File.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Pseudoscience%3A+From+Alien+Abductions+to+Zone+Therapy&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_R._Wilson" title="Bryan R. Wilson">Wilson, Bryan R.</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1NWVP5kDBJcC"><i>Sects and Society: A Sociological Study of the Elim Tabernacle, Christian Science, and Christadelphians</i></a>. University of California Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sects+and+Society%3A+A+Sociological+Study+of+the+Elim+Tabernacle%2C+Christian+Science%2C+and+Christadelphians&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Bryan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1NWVP5kDBJcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonBarber1983" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Sheryl C; Barber, Theodore X (1983). "The Fantasy-Prone Personality". In Sheikh, Anees A. (ed.). <i>Imagery: Current Theory, Research and Application</i>. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 340–387.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fantasy-Prone+Personality&rft.btitle=Imagery%3A+Current+Theory%2C+Research+and+Application&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=340-387&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Sheryl+C&rft.au=Barber%2C+Theodore+X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWortham1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Evelyn_Wortham" title="Hugh Evelyn Wortham">Wortham, Hugh Evelyn</a> (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001964877"><i>Three Women: St. Teresa, Madame de Choiseul, Mṛṣ Eddy</i></a>. Little, Brown and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Women%3A+St.+Teresa%2C+Madame+de+Choiseul%2C+M%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3+Eddy&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co.&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Wortham&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001964877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBancroft1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Bancroft" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel P. Bancroft">Bancroft, Samuel P.</a> (1923). <i>Mrs. Eddy as I Knew Her in 1870</i>. Geo H. Ellis Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mrs.+Eddy+as+I+Knew+Her+in+1870&rft.pub=Geo+H.+Ellis+Co&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Bancroft&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeasley1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Beasley" title="Norman Beasley">Beasley, Norman</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crosscrown00beas"><i>The Cross and the Crown: The History of Christian Science</i></a>. Duell, Sloan and Pearce.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+and+the+Crown%3A+The+History+of+Christian+Science&rft.pub=Duell%2C+Sloan+and+Pearce&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Beasley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrosscrown00beas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraden1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Braden" title="Charles S. Braden">Braden, Charles S.</a> (1958). <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Today" title="Christian Science Today"><i>Christian Science Today: Power, Policy, Practice</i></a>. Southern Methodist University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Science+Today%3A+Power%2C+Policy%2C+Practice&rft.pub=Southern+Methodist+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Braden&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Brisbane, Arthur</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marybakergeddy00brisrich"><i>Mary Baker G. Eddy</i></a>. Ball.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+G.+Eddy&rft.pub=Ball&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Brisbane&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarybakergeddy00brisrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckmaster1966" class="citation book cs1">Buckmaster, Henrietta (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenwhoshapedhi00buck"><i>Women who shaped history</i></a>. New York: Collier Books. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/65023073">65023073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+who+shaped+history&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Collier+Books&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65023073&rft.aulast=Buckmaster&rft.aufirst=Henrietta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenwhoshapedhi00buck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2012" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Keith S. (2012). <i>The Christian Science Monitor: Its History, Mission, and People</i>. Nebbadoon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor%3A+Its+History%2C+Mission%2C+and+People&rft.pub=Nebbadoon+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Keith+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1963" class="citation journal cs1">Feldman, A. Bronson (Summer 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/a0507271f8b122f8b5d88d4279fa40b4/1">"Animal Magnetism and the Mother of Christian Science"</a>. <i>Psychoanalytic Review</i>. <b>50</b> (2). New York: 153–160. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13962786">13962786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychoanalytic+Review&rft.atitle=Animal+Magnetism+and+the+Mother+of+Christian+Science.&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-160&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13962786&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=A.+Bronson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2Fa0507271f8b122f8b5d88d4279fa40b4%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick2019" class="citation book cs1">Frederick, Heather Vogel (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZDhwAEACAAJ"><i>Life at 400 Beacon Street: Working in Mary Baker Eddy's household</i></a>. Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts: Longyear Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-578-40482-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-578-40482-0"><bdi>978-0-578-40482-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+at+400+Beacon+Street%3A+Working+in+Mary+Baker+Eddy%27s+household&rft.place=Chestnut+Hill%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Longyear+Museum&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-578-40482-0&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=Heather+Vogel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZZDhwAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, Irene (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0966735007082518">"Mary Baker Eddy and Christian Science"</a>. <i>Feminist Theology</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 79–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0966735007082518">10.1177/0966735007082518</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0966-7350">0966-7350</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171007592">171007592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Theology&rft.atitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy+and+Christian+Science&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-88&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171007592%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0966-7350&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0966735007082518&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F0966735007082518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaushalter1936" class="citation book cs1">Haushalter, Walter M. (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006662060"><i>Mrs. Eddy Purloins from Hegel</i></a>. Beauchamp.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mrs.+Eddy+Purloins+from+Hegel&rft.pub=Beauchamp&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Haushalter&rft.aufirst=Walter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F006662060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngham2010" class="citation book cs1">Ingham, Arleen M. (2010). <i>Women and spirituality in the writing of More, Wollstonecraft, Stanton, and Eddy</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+spirituality+in+the+writing+of+More%2C+Wollstonecraft%2C+Stanton%2C+and+Eddy&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Ingham&rft.aufirst=Arleen+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimer1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reimer, Hans-Diether (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yby0yAEACAAJ"><i>Literatur über die "Christliche Wissenschaft" (Christian Science): Sammlung an der Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg</i></a> (in German). Evang. Zentralstelle für Weltanschauungsfragen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literatur+%C3%BCber+die+%22Christliche+Wissenschaft%22+%28Christian+Science%29%3A+Sammlung+an+der+Universit%C3%A4tsbibliothek+Erlangen-N%C3%BCrnberg&rft.pub=Evang.+Zentralstelle+f%C3%BCr+Weltanschauungsfragen&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=Hans-Diether&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYby0yAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1931" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hugh A. Studdert (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006531917"><i>Mrs. Eddy as I Knew Her: Being Some Contemporary Portraits of Mary Baker Eddy, the Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science</i></a>. The Farallon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mrs.+Eddy+as+I+Knew+Her%3A+Being+Some+Contemporary+Portraits+of+Mary+Baker+Eddy%2C+the+Discoverer+and+Founder+of+Christian+Science&rft.pub=The+Farallon+Press&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh+A.+Studdert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F006531917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLomaxe1946" class="citation book cs1">Lomaxe, Paul (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MaryBakerEddySpiritualistMedium"><i>Mary Baker Eddy: Spiritualist Medium</i></a>. General Assembly of Spiritualists.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+Spiritualist+Medium&rft.pub=General+Assembly+of+Spiritualists&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Lomaxe&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMaryBakerEddySpiritualistMedium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord1918" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Myra B. (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007648400"><i>Mary Baker Eddy: A Concise Story of Her Life and Work</i></a>. Davis & Bond.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Baker+Eddy%3A+A+Concise+Story+of+Her+Life+and+Work&rft.pub=Davis+%26+Bond&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Myra+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F007648400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marybakereddycon00lordiala">archive.org</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ralston_Martin" title="Walter Ralston Martin">Martin, Walter Ralston</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005947712"><i>The Christian Science Myth</i></a>. The Modern cult library. Zondervan Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Science+Myth&rft.series=The+Modern+cult+library&rft.pub=Zondervan+Publishing+House&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Walter+Ralston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F005947712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeabody1904" class="citation book cs1">Peabody, Frederick W. (1904) [1901]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/completeexposur00peabgoog#page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Complete Exposure of Eddyism or Christian Science: The Plain Truth in Plain Terms Regarding Mary Baker G. Eddy</i></a>. Peabody.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Exposure+of+Eddyism+or+Christian+Science%3A+The+Plain+Truth+in+Plain+Terms+Regarding+Mary+Baker+G.+Eddy&rft.pub=Peabody&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Peabody&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcompleteexposur00peabgoog%23page%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Pierson_Powell" title="Lyman Pierson Powell">Powell, Lyman Pierson</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christianscience01powe"><i>Christian Science: The Faith and Its Founder</i></a>. G. P. Putnam's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Science%3A+The+Faith+and+Its+Founder&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Lyman+Pierson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristianscience01powe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafronoff2015" class="citation book cs1">Safronoff, Cindy Peyser (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIWArgEACAAJ"><i>Crossing Swords: Mary Baker Eddy Vs. Victoria Claflin Woodhull and the Battle for the Soul of Marriage</i></a> (First ed.). Seattle, WA: This One Thing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9864461-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9864461-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9864461-0-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossing+Swords%3A+Mary+Baker+Eddy+Vs.+Victoria+Claflin+Woodhull+and+the+Battle+for+the+Soul+of+Marriage&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=This+One+Thing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9864461-0-8&rft.aulast=Safronoff&rft.aufirst=Cindy+Peyser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIWArgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1969" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Clifford P. (1969) [1934]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalbiogra00smit"><i>Historical Sketches from the Life of Mary Baker Eddy and the History of Christian Science</i></a>. Christian Science Publishing Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875100050" title="Special:BookSources/9780875100050"><bdi>9780875100050</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Sketches+from+the+Life+of+Mary+Baker+Eddy+and+the+History+of+Christian+Science&rft.pub=Christian+Science+Publishing+Society&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780875100050&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Clifford+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricalbiogra00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnowden1920" class="citation book cs1">Snowden, James H. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/truthaboutchrist00snow#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Truth About Christian Science the Founder and the Faith</i></a>. Philadelphia, The Westminster press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truth+About+Christian+Science+the+Founder+and+the+Faith&rft.pub=Philadelphia%2C+The+Westminster+press&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Snowden&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ftruthaboutchrist00snow%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1994" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Robert David (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fGjZAAAAMAAJ"><i>"With Bleeding Footsteps": Mary Baker Eddy's Path to Religious Leadership</i></a> (1st ed.). New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-41495-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-41495-7"><bdi>978-0-679-41495-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22With+Bleeding+Footsteps%22%3A+Mary+Baker+Eddy%27s+Path+to+Religious+Leadership&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-679-41495-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Robert+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfGjZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1945" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Irving_C._Tomlinson" title="Irving C. Tomlinson">Tomlinson, Irving C.</a> (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twelveyearswithm00toml"><i>Twelve Years with Mary Baker Eddy</i></a>. Christian Science Publishing Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twelve+Years+with+Mary+Baker+Eddy&rft.pub=Christian+Science+Publishing+Society&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Irving+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwelveyearswithm00toml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwain1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Twain, Mark</a> (1907). <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_(book)" title="Christian Science (book)"><i>Christian Science</i></a>. Harper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Science&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Twain&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoorhees2021" class="citation book cs1">Voorhees, Amy B. (2021). <i>A New Christian Identity: Christian Science Origins and Experience in American Culture</i>. University of North Carolina Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Christian+Identity%3A+Christian+Science+Origins+and+Experience+in+American+Culture&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Voorhees&rft.aufirst=Amy+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Baker+Eddy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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#aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Mary Baker Eddy</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mary_Baker_Eddy" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mary Baker Eddy">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" class="extiw" title="q:Mary Baker Eddy">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Mary_Baker_Eddy" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Mary Baker Eddy">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235069" class="extiw" title="d:Q235069">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marybakereddylibrary.org/">Mary Baker Eddy Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christianscience.com/what-is-christian-science#about-the-founder">Mary Baker Eddy</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christianscience.com/what-is-christian-science#basic-teachings">Basic teachings of Christian Science</a>, christianscience.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longyear.org/">The Longyear Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1203">Works by Mary Baker Eddy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%20Baker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eddy%2C%20M%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mary%20Baker%20Eddy%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mary%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22M%2E%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mary%20Eddy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mary%20Baker%20Eddy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mary%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20Baker%20Eddy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%20Baker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eddy%2C%20M%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eddy%2C%20M%2E%20Baker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mary%20Eddy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mary%20Baker%20Eddy%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mary%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20title%3A%22M%2E%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mary%20Eddy%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mary%20Baker%20Eddy%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mary%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20description%3A%22M%2E%20B%2E%20Eddy%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%20Baker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%20B%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mary%20Eddy%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Eddy%2C%20Mary%22%29%20OR%20%28%221821-1910%22%20AND%20Eddy%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Mary Baker Eddy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/4748">Works by Mary Baker Eddy</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li>Norwood, Arlisha. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-eddy">Mary Eddy</a>". National Women's History Museum. 2017.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ,_Scientist" title="Church of Christ, Scientist">Church of Christ, Scientist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mother_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Church">Mother Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist" title="The First Church of Christ, Scientist">The First Church of Christ, Scientist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Center">Christian Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Publishing_Society" title="Christian Science Publishing Society">Christian Science Publishing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy_Library" title="Mary Baker Eddy Library">Mary Baker Eddy Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapparium" title="Mapparium">Mapparium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Key publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health_with_Key_to_the_Scriptures" title="Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures">Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manual_of_The_Mother_Church" title="Manual of The Mother Church">Church Manual</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Works_Other_than_Science_and_Health" title="Prose Works Other than Science and Health">Prose Works</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Hymnal" title="Christian Science Hymnal">Christian Science Hymnal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i> (newspaper)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Quarterly" title="Christian Science Quarterly">Christian Science Quarterly</a></i> (weekly bible lesson)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Sentinel" title="Christian Science Sentinel">Christian Science Sentinel</a></i> (magazine)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Journal" title="The Christian Science Journal">The Christian Science Journal</a></i> (magazine)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_of_Christian_Science" title="The Herald of Christian Science">The Herald of Christian Science</a></i> (magazine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Church roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_practitioner" title="Christian Science practitioner">Christian Science practitioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(Christian_Science_Church)" title="Reader (Christian Science Church)">Readers</a> (at church services)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other churches<br /> and buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_Science_churches" title="Category:Christian Science churches">Category:Christian Science churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Reading_Room" title="Christian Science Reading Room">Christian Science Reading Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupee_Estate-Mary_Baker_Eddy_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Dupee Estate-Mary Baker Eddy Home">Dupee Estate-Mary Baker Eddy Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy_House_(Lynn,_Massachusetts)" title="Mary Baker Eddy House (Lynn, Massachusetts)">Mary Baker Eddy House (Lynn, Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Christian_Science_churches,_societies_and_buildings" title="List of former Christian Science churches, societies and buildings">List of former Christian Science churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Metaphysical_College" title="Massachusetts Metaphysical College">Massachusetts Metaphysical College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Scientists_(religious_denomination)" title="List of Christian Scientists (religious denomination)">Christian Scientists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Church leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_H._Dickey" title="Adam H. Dickey">Adam H. Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_M._Knott" title="Annie M. Knott">Annie M. Knott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Emma_Stetson" title="Augusta Emma Stetson">Augusta Emma Stetson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bliss_Knapp" title="Bliss Knapp">Bliss Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Frye" title="Calvin Frye">Calvin Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V._Dittemore" title="John V. Dittemore">John V. Dittemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Harper_Mims" title="Sue Harper Mims">Sue Harper Mims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_S._Hay" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet S. Hay">Violet S. Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Harris" title="Virginia Harris">Virginia Harris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other notable<br />Christian Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Astor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy Astor">Nancy Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ehrlichman" title="John Ehrlichman">John Ehrlichman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Haldeman" title="H. R. Haldeman">H. R. Haldeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egil_Krogh" title="Egil Krogh">Egil Krogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Charles H. Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stansfield_M._Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Stansfield M. Turner">Stansfield M. Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Dewhurst" title="Colleen Dewhurst">Colleen Dewhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton_(actor)" title="George Hamilton (actor)">George Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Stapleton" title="Jean Stapleton">Jean Stapleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Putnam_Bancroft" title="Samuel Putnam Bancroft">Samuel Putnam Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lightoller" title="Charles Lightoller">Charles Lightoller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Raised within<br />Christian Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Archer" title="Anne Archer">Anne Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ellsberg" title="Daniel Ellsberg">Daniel Ellsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmuth_James_Graf_von_Moltke" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmuth James Graf von Moltke">Helmuth James Graf von Moltke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton_Welch" title="Denton Welch">Denton Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Sutherland_Bates" title="Ernest Sutherland Bates">Ernest Sutherland Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Beasley" title="Norman Beasley">Norman Beasley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Braden" title="Charles S. Braden">Charles S. Braden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Arthur Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clarke_Cabot" title="Richard Clarke Cabot">Richard Clarke Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V._Dittemore" title="John V. Dittemore">John V. Dittemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Franden_Dakin" title="Edwin Franden Dakin">Edwin Franden Dakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Dresser" title="Julius Dresser">Julius Dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Fraser" title="Caroline Fraser">Caroline Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Gill" title="Gillian Gill">Gillian Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gottschalk" title="Stephen Gottschalk">Stephen Gottschalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._O._Flower" title="B. O. Flower">B. O. Flower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McClure%27s" title="McClure's">McClure's</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgine_Milmine" title="Georgine Milmine">Georgine Milmine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">J. Gordon Melton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dana_Orcutt" title="William Dana Orcutt">William Dana Orcutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel_(historian)" title="Robert Peel (historian)">Robert Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Pierson_Powell" title="Lyman Pierson Powell">Lyman Pierson Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Stark" title="Rodney Stark">Rodney Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_C._Tomlinson" title="Irving C. Tomlinson">Irving C. Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Wiggin" title="James Henry Wiggin">James Henry Wiggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyl_Wilbur" title="Sibyl Wilbur">Sibyl Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_R._Wilson" title="Bryan R. Wilson">Bryan R. Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_(book)" title="Christian Science (book)">Christian Science</a></i> (Twain, 1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Mary_Baker_G._Eddy_and_the_History_of_Christian_Science" title="The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science">The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science</a></i> (Milmine and Cather, 1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy:_The_Truth_and_the_Tradition" title="Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition">Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition</a></i> (Bates and Dittemore, 1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Today" title="Christian Science Today">Christian Science Today: Power, Policy, Practice</a></i> (Braden, 1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Destiny_of_The_Mother_Church" title="The Destiny of The Mother Church">The Destiny of The Mother Church</a></i> (Knapp, 1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Perfect_Child" title="God's Perfect Child">God's Perfect Child: Living and Dying in the Christian Science Church</a></i> (Fraser, 1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Healthcare_is_a_Legal_Duty" title="Children's Healthcare is a Legal Duty">Children's Healthcare is a Legal Duty</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_v._Twitchell" title="Commonwealth v. Twitchell">Commonwealth v. Twitchell</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergence_International" title="Emergence International">Emergence International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salem_witchcraft_trial_(1878)" title="Salem witchcraft trial (1878)">Salem witchcraft trial (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beliefs and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_(philosophy)" title="Absolute (philosophy)">The Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Animal magnetism</a></li> <li>Avoidance of <i><a href="/wiki/Materia_medica" title="Materia medica">materia medica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplative_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemplative prayer">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficacy_of_prayer" title="Efficacy of prayer">Efficacy of prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health_with_Key_to_the_Scriptures#Structure" title="Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures">Scientific statement of being</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Fan_Court_School" title="Claremont Fan Court School">Claremont Fan Court School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_and_Crown" title="Cross and Crown">Cross and Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschatology_(religious_movement)" title="Eschatology (religious movement)">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause" title="Free Exercise Clause">Free Exercise Clause</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">Mind–body problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Curtis_Hopkins" title="Emma Curtis Hopkins">Emma Curtis Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Thought" title="History of New Thought">History of New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Parkhurst_Quimby" title="Phineas Parkhurst Quimby">Phineas Parkhurst Quimby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Principia" title="The Principia">The Principia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principia_College" title="Principia College">Principia College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_children" title="Religion and children">Religion and children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235069#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235069#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235069#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109294875">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/102315044">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/46615/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXxH787KvxWWRxCjb8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118687778">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79139484">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119015412">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119015412">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00438600">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36538676">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001973&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1490424">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1256613">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1159302">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06951173X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90794495">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000098151&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=162923">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202111231">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp3555q95gw5b3k">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810564232605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/95735">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260638205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000041766">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517583906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14220229">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03155557?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/06aff101-4ce0-45a8-a17d-3bde92bfd829">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102613">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1280188">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118687778.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118687778">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027604756">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6p561gq">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&oldid=1258996122">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&oldid=1258996122</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Category:Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1821_births" title="Category:1821 births">1821 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1910_deaths" 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[\"CITEREFKoestler-Grack2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLomaxe1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLord1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMead1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeehan1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelton1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenninger1927\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNH.gov2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNYTimes1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNYTimes1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNYTimes1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNenneman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorton1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOakley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeabody1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeel1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPodmore1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell1930\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRapport2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReimer1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafronoff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafronoff2016\"] = 1,\n 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