Windigo, Group G0124 | MITRE ATT&CK®

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Please switch to the <a href='https://github.com/mitre-attack/attack-workbench-taxii-server/blob/main/docs/USAGE.md'>TAXII 2.1 server</a> to ensure uninterrupted service. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/groups/">Groups</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Windigo</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1> Windigo </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p>The <a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> group has been operating since at least 2011, compromising thousands of Linux and Unix servers using the <a href="/software/S0377">Ebury</a> SSH backdoor to create a spam botnet. Despite law enforcement intervention against the creators, <a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> operators continued updating <a href="/software/S0377">Ebury</a> through 2019.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Léveillé, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo – the vivisection of a large Linux server‑side credential‑stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."data-reference="ESET Windigo Mar 2014"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CERN. (2019, June 4). 2019/06/04 Advisory: Windigo attacks. Retrieved February 10, 2021."data-reference="CERN Windigo June 2019"><sup><a href="https://security.web.cern.ch/advisories/windigo/windigo.shtml" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div id="card-id" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-12"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>G0124 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-12"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version</span>: 1.0 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-12"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>10 February 2021 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-12"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>26 April 2021 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of G0124" href="/versions/v16/groups/G0124/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of G0124" href="/versions/v16/groups/G0124/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="dropdown h3 mt-3 float-right"> <button class="btn btn-navy dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>ATT&CK<sup>®</sup> Navigator Layers</b> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <h6 class="dropdown-header">Enterprise Layer</h6> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/groups/G0124/G0124-enterprise-layer.json" download target="_blank">download</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" id="view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise" target="_blank">view <img width="10" src="/theme/images/external-site-dark.jpeg"></a> <script src="/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script> if (window.location.protocol == "https:") { //view on navigator only works when this site is hosted on HTTPS var layerURL = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + base_url + "groups/G0124/G0124-enterprise-layer.json"; document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").href = "https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator//#layerURL=" + encodeURIComponent(layerURL); } else { //hide button document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").classList.add("d-none"); } </script> </div> </div>  <h2 class="pt-3 mb-2" id="techniques">Techniques Used</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table techniques-used background table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Domain</th> <th class="p-2" colspan="2">ID</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Name</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Use</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1059">T1059</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has used a Perl script for information gathering.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."data-reference="ESET ForSSHe December 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1005">T1005</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1005">Data from Local System</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has used a script to gather credentials in files left on disk by OpenSSH backdoors.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."data-reference="ESET ForSSHe December 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1189">T1189</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1189">Drive-by Compromise</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has distributed Windows malware via drive-by downloads.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Léveillé, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo – the vivisection of a large Linux server‑side credential‑stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."data-reference="ESET Windigo Mar 2014"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1083">T1083</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1083">File and Directory Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has used a script to check for the presence of files created by OpenSSH backdoors.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."data-reference="ESET ForSSHe December 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1090">T1090</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1090">Proxy</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has delivered a generic Windows proxy Win32/Glubteta.M. <a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has also used multiple reverse proxy chains as part of their C2 infrastructure.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Léveillé, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo – the vivisection of a large Linux server‑side credential‑stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."data-reference="ESET Windigo Mar 2014"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1518">T1518</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1518">Software Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has used a script to detect installed software on targeted systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."data-reference="ESET ForSSHe December 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1082">T1082</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1082">System Information Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0124">Windigo</a> has used a script to detect which Linux distribution and version is currently installed on the system.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."data-reference="ESET ForSSHe December 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="software">Software</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">References</th> <th scope="col">Techniques</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0377">S0377</a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0377">Ebury</a> </td> <td> <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."data-reference="ESET Ebury Oct 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1071">Application Layer Protocol</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1071/004">DNS</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1020">Automated Exfiltration</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1059/004">Unix Shell</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1059/006">Python</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1554">Compromise Host Software Binary</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1132">Data Encoding</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1132/001">Standard Encoding</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1140">Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1568">Dynamic Resolution</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1568/002">Domain Generation Algorithms</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1573">Encrypted Channel</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1573/001">Symmetric Cryptography</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1041">Exfiltration Over C2 Channel</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1008">Fallback Channels</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1574">Hijack Execution Flow</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1574/006">Dynamic Linker Hijacking</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1562">Impair Defenses</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1562/001">Disable or Modify Tools</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1562">Impair Defenses</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1562/012">Disable or Modify Linux Audit System</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1562">Impair Defenses</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1562/006">Indicator Blocking</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1556">Modify Authentication Process</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1556/003">Pluggable Authentication Modules</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1556">Modify Authentication Process</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1027">Obfuscated Files or Information</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1014">Rootkit</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1129">Shared Modules</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1553">Subvert Trust Controls</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1553/002">Code Signing</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1552">Unsecured Credentials</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1552/004">Private Keys</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/" target="_blank"> Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Léveillé, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo – the vivisection of a large Linux server‑side credential‑stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://security.web.cern.ch/advisories/windigo/windigo.shtml" target="_blank"> CERN. (2019, June 4). 2019/06/04 Advisory: Windigo attacks. Retrieved February 10, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="3.0"> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf" target="_blank"> Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/" target="_blank"> Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . 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