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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Indonesian occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesian_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transition to independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_East_Timor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_East_Timor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Independent East Timor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_East_Timor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xanana Gusmão</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88" title="شانانا غوسماو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شانانا غوسماو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Шанана Гужмау – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шанана Гужмау" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Шанана Гужмаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шанана Гужмаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Шанана Гушмау – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шанана Гушмау" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BF" title="Σανάνα Γκουσμάο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σανάνα Γκουσμάο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ژانانا گوژماو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژانانا گوژماو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%82%98%EB%82%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%9D" title="샤나나 구스망 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤나나 구스망" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9F%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3" title="შანანა გუჟმაუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შანანა გუჟმაუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="शनाना गुस्माव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शनाना गुस्माव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88" title="شانانا جوسماو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شانانا جوسماو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusmao" title="Xanana Gusmao – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xanana Gusmao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusmao" title="Xanana Gusmao – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Xanana Gusmao" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="シャナナ・グスマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャナナ・グスマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гужман, Шанана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гужман, Шанана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Шанана Гушмао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шанана Гушмао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="ชานานา กุฌเมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชานานา กุฌเมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Шанана Гужмау – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шанана Гужмау" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Xanana Gusmão" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%BA%B3%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%8A%92" title="沙纳纳·古斯芒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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searchaux" style="display:none">3rd president and 5th prime minister of East Timor</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Xanana Gusmão</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-PM_Kishida_meeting_with_PM_Gusm%C3%A3o_of_Timor-Leste_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="792" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Gusmão in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th & 15th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">Prime Minister of East Timor</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />1 July 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Kalbuadi_Lay" title="Francisco Kalbuadi Lay">Francisco Kalbuadi Lay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Sabino_Lopes" title="Mariano Sabino Lopes">Mariano Sabino Lopes</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taur_Matan_Ruak" title="Taur Matan Ruak">Taur Matan Ruak</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 August 2007 – 16 February 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>José Ramos-Horta</li><li>Taur Matan Ruak</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estanislau_da_Silva" title="Estanislau da Silva">Estanislau da Silva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rui_Maria_de_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Rui Maria de Araújo">Rui Maria de Araújo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="President of East Timor">President of East Timor</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 May 2002 – 20 May 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Alkatiri" title="Mari Alkatiri">Mari Alkatiri</a></li><li>José Ramos-Horta</li><li><a href="/wiki/Estanislau_da_Silva" title="Estanislau da Silva">Estanislau da Silva</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello" title="Sérgio Vieira de Mello">Sérgio Vieira de Mello</a><br /><i>as UN Administrator</i> (1999–2002)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_dos_Reis_Lobato" title="Nicolau dos Reis Lobato">Nicolau dos Reis Lobato</a><br /><i>as acting president</i><br />(1975–1978)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">José Ramos-Horta</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">José Alexandre Gusmão</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-06-20</span>) </span>20 June 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 78)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manatuto" title="Manatuto">Manatuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_for_Timorese_Reconstruction" title="National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction">National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Maria Emília Baptista</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1965; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1999)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Sword_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Kirsty Sword Gusmão">Kirsty Sword</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2000; <abbr title="separated">sep.</abbr> 2015)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xanana Gusmão's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg/128px-Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg/192px-Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg/256px-Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="103" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>José Alexandre</b> "<b>Xanana</b>" <b>Gusmão</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʒuˈzɛ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɐlɨˈʃɐ̃dɾɨ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃɐˈnɐnɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣuʒˈmɐ̃w]</a></span>; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. He has served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">6th prime minister of East Timor</a> since <a href="/wiki/IX_Constitutional_Government_of_Timor-Leste" title="IX Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste">2023</a>, previously serving in that position from 2007 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A former rebel, he also served as East Timor's first <a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="President of East Timor">president</a> since its re-establishment of independence, from 2002 to 2007. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gusmão was born in <a href="/wiki/Laleia" class="mw-redirect" title="Laleia">Laleia </a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laleia" class="extiw" title="de:Laleia">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Manatuto_Municipality" title="Manatuto Municipality">Manatuto</a>, in what was then <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a>, as the second son in a large family.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_reference_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford_reference-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liv_2001-11_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liv_2001-11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents, both of whom were school teachers, were of mixed Portuguese-Timorese ancestry, and his family were <a href="/wiki/Assimilado" title="Assimilado">assimilados</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Divided_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Divided-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> school in <a href="/wiki/Dare,_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Dare, Timor-Leste">Dare</a>, just outside <a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a>, and Dili High School.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_reference_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford_reference-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liv_2001-11_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liv_2001-11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving high-school for financial reasons at the age of 15 in 1961, he held a variety of unskilled jobs, while continuing his education at night school. </p><p>In 1965, aged 19, Gusmão met Emilia Batista, who was later to become his wife. His nickname, "Xanana", was taken from the name of the American rock and roll band "<a href="/wiki/Sha_Na_Na" title="Sha Na Na">Sha Na Na</a>", (which is pronounced the same as "Xanana" which is spelled according to Portuguese and <a href="/wiki/Tetum_language" title="Tetum language">Tetum</a> spelling rules)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who in turn were named after a lyric from the <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Get_a_Job_(song)" title="Get a Job (song)">Get a Job</a>" written and recorded in 1957 by <a href="/wiki/The_Silhouettes" title="The Silhouettes">the Silhouettes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, Gusmão obtained a position with the public service, which allowed him to continue his education. This was interrupted in 1968 when Gusmão was recruited by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese Army</a> for national service. He served for three years, rising to the rank of corporal. During this time, he married Emilia Batista, with whom he had a son Eugenio, and a daughter Zenilda. He has since divorced Emilia, and in 2000, he married Australian <a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Sword_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Kirsty Sword Gusmão">Kirsty Sword</a>, with whom he had three sons: Alexandre, Kay Olok and Daniel. In 1971, Gusmão completed his national service, his son was born, and he became involved with a nationalist organisation headed by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a>. For the next three years he was actively involved in peaceful protests directed at the colonial system. </p><p>It was in 1974 that a <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">coup in Portugal</a> resulted in the beginning of decolonisation for Portuguese Timor, and shortly afterwards the Governor <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Lemos_Pires" title="Mário Lemos Pires">Mário Lemos Pires</a> announced plans to grant the colony independence. Plans were drawn up to hold general elections with a view to independence in 1978. During most of 1975 a bitter internal struggle occurred between two rival factions in Portuguese Timor. Gusmão became deeply involved with the <a href="/wiki/Fretilin" title="Fretilin">Fretilin</a> faction, and as a result he was arrested and imprisoned by the rival faction the Timorese Democratic Union (<a href="/wiki/Timorese_Democratic_Union" title="Timorese Democratic Union">UDT</a>) in mid-1975. Taking advantage of the internal disorder, and with an eye to absorbing the colony, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> immediately began a campaign of destabilisation, and frequent raids into Portuguese Timor were staged from Indonesian <a href="/wiki/West_Timor" title="West Timor">West Timor</a>. By late 1975 the Fretilin faction had gained control of Portuguese Timor and Gusmão was released from prison. He was given the position of Press Secretary within the Fretilin organisation. On 28 November 1975, Fretilin declared the independence of Portuguese Timor as "The Democratic Republic of East Timor", and Gusmão was responsible for filming the ceremony. Nine days later, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">Indonesia invaded East Timor</a>. At the time Gusmão was visiting friends outside of Dili and he witnessed the invasion from the hills. For the next few days he searched for his family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indonesian_occupation">Indonesian occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indonesian occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation of East Timor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias,_Kuluhun,_Dili,_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias%2C_Kuluhun%2C_Dili%2C_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg/220px-Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias%2C_Kuluhun%2C_Dili%2C_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias%2C_Kuluhun%2C_Dili%2C_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg/330px-Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias%2C_Kuluhun%2C_Dili%2C_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias%2C_Kuluhun%2C_Dili%2C_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg/440px-Xanana_Gusmao_in_a_safe_house_in_Rua_do_Enfermeiro_Matias%2C_Kuluhun%2C_Dili%2C_Timor-Leste_in_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>Xanana Gusmão in a safe house in Dili during the occupation</figcaption></figure> <p>After the appointment of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_East_Timor" title="Provisional Government of East Timor">Provisional Government of East Timor</a> by Indonesia, Gusmão became heavily involved in resistance activities. Gusmão was largely responsible for the level of organisation that evolved in the resistance, which ultimately led to its success. The early days featured Gusmão walking from village to village to obtain support and recruits. In 1977, Gusmão was the aide-de-camp to Fretilin political commissar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Ximenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Ximenes (page does not exist)">Abel Larisina</a> and organised supplies for civilians at the resistance base at <a href="/wiki/Matebian" title="Matebian">Matebian</a>. In November 1978, the base was destroyed by the Indonesians.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But after Fretilin suffered some major setbacks in the early 1980s, including a failed 1984 coup attempt against Gusmão led by four senior <a href="/wiki/Falintil" title="Falintil">Falintil</a> officers, including <a href="/wiki/Mauk_Moruk" title="Mauk Moruk">Mauk Moruk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lowy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lowy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gusmão left Fretilin and supported various centrist coalitions, eventually becoming a leading opponent of Fretilin. In March 1981, a secret national conference in <a href="/wiki/Lacluta_Administrative_Post" title="Lacluta Administrative Post">Lacluta</a> elected him head of <a href="/wiki/Falintil" title="Falintil">Falintil</a>, succeeding the slain <a href="/wiki/Nicolau_dos_Reis_Lobato" title="Nicolau dos Reis Lobato">Nicolau dos Reis Lobatos</a>. </p><p>In 1988, Gusmão became leader of the newly formed National Council of Resistance (CNRT). To avoid being seen as partisan, Gusmão left Fretilin for this. Under his leadership, FALINTIL relied more on clandestine underground networks and used small groups to attack Indonesian targets.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-1980s, he was a major leader. During the early 1990s, Gusmão became deeply involved in diplomacy and media management, and was instrumental in alerting the world to the <a href="/wiki/Dili_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dili Massacre">massacre in Dili</a> that occurred in Santa Cruz on 12 November 1991. Gusmão was interviewed by many major media channels and obtained worldwide attention. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xanana_visit_to_Same_%2700-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Xanana_visit_to_Same_%2700-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Gusmão's visit to Same (2000)</figcaption></figure><p> As a result of his high profile, Gusmão became a prime target of the Indonesian government. <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesian troops</a> (TNI) attempted to capture Gusmão in the <a href="/wiki/Same,_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Same, East Timor">Same</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ainaro_Municipality" title="Ainaro Municipality">Ainaro</a> area on 14 November 1990 with <i>Operasi Senyum</i> ("Operation Smile"). Four days earlier, a woman had been captured who testified during interrogation that the rebel leader was staying at a nearby mountain. Xanana Gusmão, however, probably escaped one night before the attack. After the attack, in which twelve battalions and four helicopters were deployed, the military claimed to have found about 100 fighters. Also found was a container with Gusmão's documents, a video camera and his typewriter. Among the documents were letters from the Pope and Bishop <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a traditional Timorese legend, some warriors were able to transform themselves into dogs to escape their captors. Picking up on this myth, the legend spread that Gusmão could also turn into a white dog and thus run around the village unnoticed while the Indonesian soldiers were looking for him.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799,_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799%2C_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg/220px-Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799%2C_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799%2C_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg/330px-Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799%2C_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799%2C_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg/440px-Aileu_Falintilcamp_Okt_%2799%2C_Xanana_kehrt_zur%C3%BCck-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2410" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>Return of Gusmão to <a href="/wiki/Aileu" title="Aileu">Aileu</a> after Indonesian arrest</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1992, a campaign for his capture was finally successful in a large-scale operation by the Indonesian military with Gusmão apprehended in a tunnel under the family home of <a href="/wiki/Alian%C3%A7a_de_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Aliança de Araújo">Aliança Araújo</a> in Lahane near Dili and taken to <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1993, Gusmão was tried, convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment by the Indonesian government. He was found guilty under Article 108 of the Indonesian Penal Code (rebellion), Law no. 12 of 1951 (illegal possession of firearms) and Article 106 (attempting to separate part of the territory of Indonesia).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spoke in his own defence and he was appointed with defence lawyers before the commencement of his trial. The sentence was commuted to 20 years by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> in August 1993. He was taken to <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>'s maximum security prison, <a href="/wiki/Cipinang_Penitentiary_Institution" title="Cipinang Penitentiary Institution">Cipinang</a>. Although not released until late 1999, Gusmão successfully led the resistance from within prison with the help of Kirsty Sword. Prior to his release, the United Kingdom offered Gusmão political asylum to ensure his safety. The <i>Xanana Room</i> at the British Embassy in Jakarta commemorates this today.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of his release, he was regularly visited by United Nations representatives, and dignitaries such as <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transition_to_independence">Transition to independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transition to independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor">United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Discusi_Antar_Sahabat_2013-05-13_17-05_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Last meeting on 30 October 1999 between Colonel Czi J. Suryo Prabowo, Xanana, and Col Inf Sahala Silalahi. The next day the TNI's rule in East Timor ended.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 30 August 1999, a <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_Special_Autonomy_Referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor Special Autonomy Referendum">referendum</a> was held in East Timor and an overwhelming majority voted for independence. The Indonesian military commenced a campaign of terror as a result, with terrible consequences. Although the Indonesian government denied ordering this offensive, they were widely condemned for failing to prevent it. As a result of overwhelming diplomatic pressure from the United Nations, promoted by <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> since the late 1970s and also by the United States and Australia in the 1990s, a UN-sanctioned, Australian-led international peace-keeping force (<a href="/wiki/International_Force_for_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="International Force for East Timor">INTERFET</a>) entered East Timor. </p><p>Gusmao was secretly flown into East Timor by INTERFET on Thursday, 21 October 1999, flying from Darwin, Australia, to Baucau, before moving onwards to Dili. His presence in Dili was revealed by loudspeaker trucks announcing he would make a speech. This 25 minute speech urged reconciliation and rebuilding. At this time, Gusmao was 53, and was already expected to become the first President, despite some criticism over his lack of action against the post-referendum terror campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg/220px-INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg/330px-INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg/440px-INTERFET-UNTAET_handover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1917" /></a><figcaption>Gusmão handing over control from <a href="/wiki/International_Force_East_Timor" title="International Force East Timor">INTERFET</a> to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor">UNTAET</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1999, Xanana Gusmão was elected speaker of the National Consultative Council (NCC), a kind of transitional parliament during the UN administration of East Timor. On 23 October 2000, Gusmão also became spokesman for the subsequent National Council (NC). Gusmão was appointed to a senior role in the UN administration that governed East Timor until 20 May 2002. During this time he continually campaigned for unity and peace within East Timor, and was generally regarded as the <i>de facto</i> leader of the emerging nation. Elections were held in late 2001 and Gusmão, endorsed by nine parties but not by Fretilin, ran as an independent and was comfortably elected leader. </p><p>Gusmão eventually won the <a href="/wiki/2002_East_Timorese_presidential_election" title="2002 East Timorese presidential election">presidential election</a> on 14 April 2002 with 82.7% against his opponent <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Xavier_do_Amaral" title="Francisco Xavier do Amaral">Francisco Xavier do Amaral</a> and the first president of East Timor when it became formally independent on 20 May 2002. Gusmão has published an autobiography with selected writings entitled <i>To Resist Is to Win</i>. He is the main narrator of the film <i>A Hero's Journey</i>/<i>Where the Sun Rises</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 2006 documentary about him and East Timor. According to director Grace Phan, it's an "intimate insight into the personal transformation" of the man who helped shape and liberate East Timor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independent_East_Timor">Independent East Timor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Independent East Timor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_gusmao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/President_gusmao.jpg/220px-President_gusmao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/President_gusmao.jpg/330px-President_gusmao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/President_gusmao.jpg/440px-President_gusmao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption>Xanana Gusmão as the president of East Timor</figcaption></figure> <p>On 21 June 2006, Gusmão called for Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mari_Alkatiri" title="Mari Alkatiri">Mari Alkatiri</a> to resign or else he would, as allegations that Alkatiri had ordered a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">hit squad</a> to threaten and kill his political opponents led to a large backlash.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senior members of the Fretilin party met on 25 June to discuss Alkatiri's future as the Prime Minister, amidst a protest involving thousands of people calling for Alkatiri to resign instead of Gusmão.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite receiving a vote of confidence from his party, Alkatiri resigned on 26 June 2006 to end the uncertainty. In announcing this he said, "I declare I am ready to resign my position as prime minister of the government...so as to avoid the resignation of His Excellency the President of the Republic [Xanana Gusmão]."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 'hit squad' accusations against Alkatiri were subsequently rejected by a UN Commission, which also criticised Gusmão for making inflammatory statements during the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gusmão declined to run for another term in the <a href="/wiki/2007_East_Timorese_presidential_election" title="2007 East Timorese presidential election">April 2007 presidential election</a>. In March 2007 he said that he would lead the new <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_for_Timorese_Reconstruction" title="National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction">National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction</a> (CNRT) into the <a href="/wiki/2007_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election" title="2007 East Timorese parliamentary election">parliamentary election</a> planned to be held later in the year, and said that he would be willing to become prime minister if his party won the election.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded as president by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> on 20 May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CNRT placed second in the June 2007 parliamentary election, behind Fretilin, taking 24.10% of the vote and 18 seats. He won a seat in parliament as the first name on the CNRT's candidate list.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CNRT allied with other parties to form a coalition that would hold a majority of seats in parliament. After weeks of dispute between this coalition and Fretilin over who should form the government, Ramos-Horta announced on 6 August that the CNRT-led coalition would form the government and that Gusmão would become Prime Minister on 8 August.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gusmão was sworn in at the presidential palace in Dili on 8 August.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 February 2008, a motorcade containing Gusmão <a href="/wiki/2008_East_Timorese_assassination_attempts" title="2008 East Timorese assassination attempts">came under gunfire</a> one hour after President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> was shot in the stomach. Gusmão's residence was also occupied by rebels. According to the Associated Press, the incidents raised the possibility of a <a href="/wiki/2008_East_Timorese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 East Timorese coup d'état attempt">coup attempt</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they have also described as possible assassination attempts<sup id="cite_ref-Rudd-Timor_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudd-Timor-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and kidnap attempts.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawyer_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawyer-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2012_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election" title="2012 East Timorese parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary elections</a> in East Timor, Gusmão succeeded in re-entering parliament. With the CNRT as the strongest party, he also leads the new government as Prime Minister and Minister of Defence. Alfredo Pires took over as Minister of Petroleum and Natural Resources. Again, Gusmão renounced his seat in parliament. </p><p>At the beginning of 2015, Gusmão announced his intention to reshuffle the government and also to resign early himself. On 5 February, he informed his coalition partners that he intended to propose former Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Rui_Maria_de_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Rui Maria de Araújo">Rui Araújo</a> as his successor and resigned by writing to President <a href="/wiki/Taur_Matan_Ruak" title="Taur Matan Ruak">Taur Matan Ruak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President accepted his resignation and appointed Araújo to form a new government.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The handover of office took place on 16 February. In the new government, Gusmão is "Consultative Minister" and Minister of Planning and Strategic Investment.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg/220px-2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg/330px-2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg/440px-2_Xanana_AMP_campaign_2018-05-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Gusmão at a <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Change_and_Progress" title="Alliance for Change and Progress">AMP</a> campaign event in 2018 in <a href="/wiki/Oesilo" title="Oesilo">Oesilo</a></figcaption></figure><p> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election" title="2017 East Timorese parliamentary election">2017 parliamentary elections</a> in East Timor, Gusmão succeeded in entering parliament as the CNRT's list leader. However, the CNRT suffered heavy losses and came a close second behind Fretilin. On 4 August 2017, Gusmão announced his resignation as CNRT party leader. However, this resignation was not accepted at the extraordinary party congress and was later simply ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CNRT went into opposition, which is why Gusmão lost his ministerial post. He also renounced his seat in parliament after the first day of the session.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg/220px-2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg/330px-2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg/440px-2-TMR-XG_2018-04-26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>The 2018 election winners: <a href="/wiki/Taur_Matan_Ruak" title="Taur Matan Ruak">Taur Matan Ruak</a> and Xanana Gusmão</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Timor_Gap" title="Timor Gap">border disputes</a> between Australia and East Timor, Gusmão worked as East Timor's chief negotiator. After the successful conclusion of the new <a href="/wiki/Timor_Gap_Treaty" title="Timor Gap Treaty">Timor Sea border treaty</a> on 6 March 2018, he received a triumphant reception and a heroes welcome from thousands of East Timorese on his return to Dili.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election" title="2018 East Timorese parliamentary election">2018 general elections</a>, Gusmão represented the CNRT in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Change_and_Progress" title="Alliance for Change and Progress">Alliance for Change and Progress</a> (AMP) trio and entered parliament at number one on the list.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he renounced his mandate already for the first session on 13 June.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 July, Gusmão was appointed Minister of State of the Council of the Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Strategic Investment by President Francisco Guterres.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the conflict with the President of the Republic over the appointment of CNRT ministers, Gusmão stayed away from the scheduled dates of his swearing-in ceremony and eventually renounced his position in the <a href="/wiki/VIII_Constitutional_Government_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor">VIII Government</a>. However, he continued to have responsibility for the Maritime Boundaries Office and continued negotiations with Australia until 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 December 2019, Gusmão was also appointed by Cabinet as the <a href="/wiki/Blue_economy" title="Blue economy">Blue Economy</a> Representative.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2022_East_Timorese_presidential_election" title="2022 East Timorese presidential election">2022 East Timor presidential elections</a>, Gusmão ran Ramos-Horta as the CNRT candidate. Gusmão played a central role in the election campaign, pushing Ramos-Horta into the background. In the event of an election, Gusmão announced that Ramos-Horta would dissolve parliament and call early elections. Ramos-Horta was more cautious about the matter and instead announced that he wanted to hold talks with all parties. On 20 May 2022, Ramos-Horta took up his second term as President. </p><p>In October 2022, several families in Dili's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aimeti_Laran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aimeti Laran (page does not exist)">Aimeti Laran</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Becusi_Craic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Becusi Craic (page does not exist)">Becusi Craic</a> neighbourhoods were to be evicted from their homes. The landowner had enforced this in court, while the families justified their right to live there by saying they had been living there for decades. A team from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=District_Court_(East_Timor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District Court (East Timor) (page does not exist)">District Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police of East Timor">National Police</a> had already removed the belongings of seven families in Becusi Craic when Xanana Gusmão intervened with media attention. He ordered the police officers to carry the families' belongings back into the houses and waited until they had finished the job. As a result, Judge Zulmira Auxiliadora Barros da Silva, who had ordered the evictions, was publicly defamed. The events became known as the "Aimeti Laran case" and the "Becussi Craic". In April 2023, the Conselho Superior da Magistratura Judicial (CSMJ) issued a press release expressing regret for the judge's "campaign of professional disparagement" and criticising the "total obstruction" of the execution of the sentence with the media present. The CSMJ concluded that the judge had acted correctly, declared its solidarity with the judicial officials involved and insisted on the sovereignty of the judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2023_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election" title="2023 East Timorese parliamentary election">2023 East Timorese parliamentary election</a>, the CNRT won 41% of the votes and gained 31 seats out of 65 in the National Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 July 2023, Gusmao was sworn in as prime minister after his party's victory in the parliamentary election.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg/220px-DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg/330px-DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg/440px-DIS_Dili_International_School_East_Timor_Timor_Leste_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Meeting Students of DIS – <a href="/wiki/Dili_International_School" title="Dili International School">Dili International School</a>, 22 October 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1999, Gusmão was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a> for Freedom of Thought. </p><p>In 2000, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Peace_Prize" title="Sydney Peace Prize">Sydney Peace Prize</a> for being a "courageous and principled leader for the independence of the East Timorese people". </p><p>Also in 2000, he won the first <a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights" title="Gwangju Prize for Human Rights">Gwangju Prize for Human Rights</a>, created to honour "individuals, groups or institutions in Korea and abroad that have contributed in promoting and advancing human rights, democracy and peace through their work."<sup id="cite_ref-GP_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GP-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Prize" title="North–South Prize">North–South Prize</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. </p><p>Gusmão is an Eminent Member of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sérgio Vieira de Mello Foundation">Sérgio Vieira de Mello Foundation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/70px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/105px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/140px-BRA_-_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Order of the Southern Cross">Order of the Southern Cross</a> (2012) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bandeira_do_estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bandeira_do_estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bandeira_do_estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_estado_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="520" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png/70px-Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png/105px-Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png/140px-Ordem_do_Ipiranga.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ipiranga" title="Order of Ipiranga">Order of Ipiranga</a> (3 March 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg/70px-Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg/105px-Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg/140px-Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> First Class Adipurna of the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Star of the Republic of Indonesia">Star of the Republic of Indonesia</a> (10 October 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/70px-New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/105px-New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/140px-New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Honorary Companion of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" title="New Zealand Order of Merit">New Zealand Order of Merit</a> (6 July 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/70px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/105px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/140px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Henry" title="Order of Prince Henry">Order of Prince Henry</a> (14 February 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/70px-PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/105px-PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/140px-PRT_Order_of_Liberty_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberty" title="Order of Liberty">Order of Liberty</a> (9 June 1993)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/70px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/105px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/140px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of Saint Michael and Saint George</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="font-size:85%;">(This list includes only works published in English.)</span> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bu7bAQAACAAJ"><i>A Travesty of Justice: Xanana's Defence</i></a>. Fairfield, NSW, Australia: East Timor Relief Association. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0646282034" title="Special:BookSources/0646282034"><bdi>0646282034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Travesty+of+Justice%3A+Xanana%27s+Defence&rft.place=Fairfield%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=East+Timor+Relief+Association&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0646282034&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBu7bAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGusmãoCouto1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gusmão, Xanana; Couto, Mia (1998). <i>Mar Meu: Poemas e Pinturas / My Sea of Timor: Poems and Paintings</i> (in Portuguese and English). Porto: Granito Editores e Livreiros. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9729753040" title="Special:BookSources/9729753040"><bdi>9729753040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mar+Meu%3A+Poemas+e+Pinturas+%2F+My+Sea+of+Timor%3A+Poems+and+Paintings&rft.place=Porto&rft.pub=Granito+Editores+e+Livreiros&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9729753040&rft.aulast=Gusm%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Xanana&rft.au=Couto%2C+Mia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdGusmão1999" class="citation book cs1">Bird, Ross (photographs); Gusmão, Xanana (text) (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rT5wAAAAMAAJ"><i>Inside Out East Timor</i></a>. East Melbourne, Vic, Australia: Herman Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0957718098" title="Special:BookSources/0957718098"><bdi>0957718098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Out+East+Timor&rft.place=East+Melbourne%2C+Vic%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Herman+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0957718098&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Ross+%28photographs%29&rft.au=Gusm%C3%A3o%2C+Xanana+%28text%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrT5wAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LO1wAAAAMAAJ"><i>To Resist is to Win!: The Autobiography of Xanana Gusmão with Selected Letters & Speeches</i></a>. Richmond, Vic, Australia: Aurora Books with David Lovell Publishing. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1863550712" title="Special:BookSources/1863550712"><bdi>1863550712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Resist+is+to+Win%21%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Xanana+Gusm%C3%A3o+with+Selected+Letters+%26+Speeches&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Vic%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Aurora+Books+with+David+Lovell+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1863550712&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLO1wAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sydneypeacefoundation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2000-SPP_Xanana-Gusmao.pdf"><i>Peace-Building: The Challenge for East Timor</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2000 Sydney Peace Prize Lecture / CPACS Occasional Paper No. 00/4. Sydney: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1864874376" title="Special:BookSources/1864874376"><bdi>1864874376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace-Building%3A+The+Challenge+for+East+Timor&rft.place=Sydney&rft.series=2000+Sydney+Peace+Prize+Lecture+%2F+CPACS+Occasional+Paper+No.+00%2F4&rft.pub=Centre+for+Peace+and+Conflict+Studies%2C+University+of+Sydney&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1864874376&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsydneypeacefoundation.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F02%2F2000-SPP_Xanana-Gusmao.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CuyZAAAACAAJ"><i>Timor Lives! speeches of freedom and independence</i></a>. Alexandria, NSW, Australia: Longueville Media. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1921004169" title="Special:BookSources/1921004169"><bdi>1921004169</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timor+Lives%21+speeches+of+freedom+and+independence&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Longueville+Media&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1921004169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCuyZAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_-s4MwEACAAJ"><i>Strategies for the Future: Speeches 2007-2011</i></a>. Haberfield, NSW: Longueville Books. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781920681784" title="Special:BookSources/9781920681784"><bdi>9781920681784</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategies+for+the+Future%3A+Speeches+2007-2011&rft.place=Haberfield%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Longueville+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781920681784&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_-s4MwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OWAzrgEACAAJ"><i>Raising a Nation: The Speeches of Xanana Gusmao 2011-2014</i></a>. Haberfield, NSW, Australia: Longueville Media. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781920681999" title="Special:BookSources/9781920681999"><bdi>9781920681999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raising+a+Nation%3A+The+Speeches+of+Xanana+Gusmao+2011-2014&rft.place=Haberfield%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Longueville+Media&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781920681999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOWAzrgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Sky is Ours: Speeches on Unity, Prosperity, and Development in a New Timor-Leste 2017-2024</i>. Haberfield, NSW, Australia: Longueville Media. 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781763536166" title="Special:BookSources/9781763536166"><bdi>9781763536166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sky+is+Ours%3A+Speeches+on+Unity%2C+Prosperity%2C+and+Development+in+a+New+Timor-Leste+2017-2024&rft.place=Haberfield%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Longueville+Media&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781763536166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AJ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070811203436/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/55A0A116-F243-41AF-9CB0-C97C5E36EA91.htm">"Gusmao sworn in as East Timor PM"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 8 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/55A0A116-F243-41AF-9CB0-C97C5E36EA91.htm">the original</a> on 11 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gusmao+sworn+in+as+East+Timor+PM&rft.date=2007-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2FNR%2Fexeres%2F55A0A116-F243-41AF-9CB0-C97C5E36EA91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford_reference-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_reference_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_reference_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095913992">"Quick reference: José Alexandre Gusmão"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Reference" title="Oxford Reference">Oxford Reference</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=Quick+reference%3A+Jos%C3%A9+Alexandre+Gusm%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095913992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liv_2001-11-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liv_2001-11_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liv_2001-11_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverii2001" class="citation journal cs1">Silverii, Jason (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/download.cgi/cgi-bin/download.cgi/download/au/journals/LawIJV/2001/369.pdf">"Voice of East Timor unites nations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Law Institute Journal</i>. Melbourne: Law Institute Victoria: <span class="nowrap">16–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0023-9267">0023-9267</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+Institute+Journal&rft.atitle=Voice+of+East+Timor+unites+nations&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2001-11&rft.issn=0023-9267&rft.aulast=Silverii&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww8.austlii.edu.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdownload.cgi%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdownload.cgi%2Fdownload%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FLawIJV%2F2001%2F369.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Divided-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Divided_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoesmith2003" class="citation journal cs1">Shoesmith, Dennis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2003.43.2.231">"Timor-Leste: Divided Leadership in a Semi-Presidential System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asian_Survey" title="Asian Survey">Asian Survey</a></i>. <b>43</b> (2): 236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fas.2003.43.2.231">10.1525/as.2003.43.2.231</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2003.43.2.231">10.1525/as.2003.43.2.231</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506145321/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2003.43.2.231">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Timor-Leste%3A+Divided+Leadership+in+a+Semi-Presidential+System&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=236&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fas.2003.43.2.231&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fas.2003.43.2.231%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shoesmith&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fas.2003.43.2.231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-30046678.html">"Xanana Gusmao: From Guerrilla goalkeeper to president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i>. Irish Examiner Ltd. 16 April 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220211215756/https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-30046678.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Xanana+Gusmao%3A+From+Guerrilla+goalkeeper+to+president&rft.date=2002-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fworld%2Farid-30046678.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanana.com/faq.htm#SS1">"F.A.Q. (Frequently Asked Questions)"</a>. <i>ShaNaNa.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234540/http://www.shanana.com/faq.htm#SS1">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ShaNaNa.com&rft.atitle=F.A.Q.+%28Frequently+Asked+Questions%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanana.com%2Ffaq.htm%23SS1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151128045825/http://www.cavr-timorleste.org/chegaFiles/finalReportEng/07.3-Forced-Displacement-and-Famine.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Chapter 7.3 Forced Displacement and Famine"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>"Chega!“- Report by the <a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Reception,_Truth_and_Reconciliation_in_East_Timor" title="Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor">CAVR</a></i>. 28 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cavr-timorleste.org/chegaFiles/finalReportEng/07.3-Forced-Displacement-and-Famine.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%22Chega%21%E2%80%9C-+Report+by+the+CAVR&rft.atitle=%22Chapter+7.3+Forced+Displacement+and+Famine%22&rft.date=2015-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cavr-timorleste.org%2FchegaFiles%2FfinalReportEng%2F07.3-Forced-Displacement-and-Famine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lowy-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lowy_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2013/12/05/Gusmao-Mauk-Moruk-Timor-struggles-with-its-past-and-future.aspx">"Xanana Gusmao-Mauk Moruk: Timor struggles with its past and future"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lowy_Institute_for_International_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowy Institute for International Policy">Lowy Institute for International Policy</a></i>. 3 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001184801/http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2013/12/05/Gusmao-Mauk-Moruk-Timor-struggles-with-its-past-and-future.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lowy+Institute+for+International+Policy&rft.atitle=Xanana+Gusmao-Mauk+Moruk%3A+Timor+struggles+with+its+past+and+future&rft.date=2013-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowyinterpreter.org%2Fpost%2F2013%2F12%2F05%2FGusmao-Mauk-Moruk-Timor-struggles-with-its-past-and-future.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=3">"Biography Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and Security of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste"</a>. <i>Timor Leste Government</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timor+Leste+Government&rft.atitle=Biography+Prime+Minister+and+Minister+of+Defense+and+Security+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+Timor-Leste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimor-leste.gov.tl%2F%3Fp%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimor-Leste2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Timor-Leste, Komisi Penerimaan, Kebenaran, dan Rekonsiliasi (CAVR) di (28 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZvLuAEACAAJ&q=Lahane"><i>Chega!</i></a> (in Indonesian). Vol. 1. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-9102-44-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-9102-44-7"><bdi>978-979-9102-44-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chega%21&rft.pub=Kepustakaan+Populer+Gramedia&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft.isbn=978-979-9102-44-7&rft.aulast=Timor-Leste&rft.aufirst=Komisi+Penerimaan%2C+Kebenaran%2C+dan+Rekonsiliasi+%28CAVR%29+di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZvLuAEACAAJ%26q%3DLahane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibbis" class="citation web cs1">Libbis, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.easttimorlawandjusticebulletin.com/2013/02/rituals-sacrifice-symbolism-in-timor_1.html">"Rituals, Sacrifice & Symbolism in Timor-Leste"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rituals%2C+Sacrifice+%26+Symbolism+in+Timor-Leste&rft.aulast=Libbis&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.easttimorlawandjusticebulletin.com%2F2013%2F02%2Frituals-sacrifice-symbolism-in-timor_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA210581997?open&of=ENG-312">Amnesty International briefing on Xanana Gusmao</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914135828/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA210581997?open&of=ENG-312">Archived</a> 14 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2014" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Elizabeth (18 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712191528/http://www.embassymagazine.com/Biog/biog_countries/biog_emb52_timor-leste.html">"Rebel with a cause"</a>. <i>Embassy Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embassymagazine.com/Biog/biog_countries/biog_emb52_timor-leste.html">the original</a> on 12 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Embassy+Magazine&rft.atitle=Rebel+with+a+cause&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassymagazine.com%2FBiog%2Fbiog_countries%2Fbiog_emb52_timor-leste.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/1999/10/23/0000007790">"At last, Gusmao makes a triumphant return to East Timor"</a>. <i>AP</i>. 23 October 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP&rft.atitle=At+last%2C+Gusmao+makes+a+triumphant+return+to+East+Timor&rft.date=1999-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F1999%2F10%2F23%2F0000007790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luxlucis.sg/index.swf">"A Hero's Journey"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155351/http://www.luxlucis.sg/index.swf">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Hero%27s+Journey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luxlucis.sg%2Findex.swf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ABC News Online (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200606/s1668821.htm">Alkatiri's resignation 'would paralyse Govt'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622195151/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200606/s1668821.htm">Archived</a> 22 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuters (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2006-06-25T042258Z_01_SP8397_RTRUKOC_0_US-TIMOR.xml&archived=False">East Timor ruling party meets to debate PM's future</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060705213850/http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2006-06-25T042258Z_01_SP8397_RTRUKOC_0_US-TIMOR.xml&archived=False">Archived</a> 5 July 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 25 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agence France-Presse (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,19591368%255E661,00.html">East Timor PM quits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709111351/http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,19591368%255E661,00.html">Archived</a> 9 July 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 26 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/COITimorLeste.pdf">"Report of the United Nations Independent Special Commission of Inquiry for Timor-Leste"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725064024/https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/COITimorLeste.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span> – via ohchr.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+United+Nations+Independent+Special+Commission+of+Inquiry+for+Timor-Leste&rft.date=2006-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FCountries%2FCOITimorLeste.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21466137-2703,00.html">"Gusmao to run for PM"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080118005408/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21466137-2703,00.html">Archived</a> 18 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Associated Press (<i>The Australian</i>), 29 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200705/21/eng20070521_376306.html">"Horta sworn in as Timor-Leste's new president"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821175752/http://english.people.com.cn/200705/21/eng20070521_376306.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Xinhua (<i>People's Daily Online</i>), 21 May 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810223956/http://www.cne.tl/Eleisaun_Parlamentar/ACTA%20FINAL/aviso_publico_final%2009-07-07-ENGLISH.pdf">"National Provisional Results from the 30 June 2007 Parliamentary Elections"</a>, Comissão Nacional de Eleições Timor-Leste, 9 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-08-06-voa19.cfm">"East Timor's Independence Hero To Be Next Prime Minister"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070822032052/http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-08-06-voa19.cfm">Archived</a> 22 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, VOA News, 6 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsay Murdoch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/violence-greets-hortas-pm-decision/2007/08/06/1186252623815.html">"Violence greets Horta's PM decision"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807060114/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/violence-greets-hortas-pm-decision/2007/08/06/1186252623815.html">Archived</a> 7 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, smh.com.au, 6 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-East-Timor-President.html?hp">"East Timor President Wounded in Attack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 10 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=East+Timor+President+Wounded+in+Attack&rft.date=2008-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2Fworld%2FAP-East-Timor-President.html%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudd-Timor-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rudd-Timor_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/11/2159782.htm">"Rudd pledges more troops for East Timor – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804005041/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/11/2159782.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Rudd+pledges+more+troops+for+East+Timor+%E2%80%93+ABC+News+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2008%2F02%2F11%2F2159782.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawyer-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lawyer_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7250407.stm">"E Timor arrests Reinado 'lawyer'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724142146/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7250407.stm">Archived</a> 24 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News, 18 February 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLusa2015" class="citation web cs1">Lusa (5 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215750/http://www.timorhauniandoben.com/2015/02/partidos-da-coligacao-informados-que.html?spref=fb">"Partidos da coligação informados que Rui Araújo é o novo PM timorense"</a>. <i>Timor Hau Nian Doben</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timorhauniandoben.com/2015/02/partidos-da-coligacao-informados-que.html?spref=fb">the original</a> on 23 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gwangju+Prize+for+Human+Rights&rft.pub=18+May+Memorial+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F518.org%2Feng%2Fhtml%2Fmain.html%3FTM18MF%3D03020000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al.sp.gov.br/repositorio/legislacao/decreto/2011/decreto-56801-03.03.2011.html">"Decreto n.56.801, de 03.03.2011"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decreto+n.56.801%2C+de+03.03.2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.sp.gov.br%2Frepositorio%2Flegislacao%2Fdecreto%2F2011%2Fdecreto-56801-03.03.2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=10723&lang=en">"Prime Minister to receive Indonesia's highest medal of Honour on Friday « Government of Timor-Leste"</a>. <i>timor-leste.gov.tl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204045533/http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=10723&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Notice Number 2000-vr4883. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713155514/https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2000-vr4883">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+New+Zealand+Order+of+Merit&rft.issue=75&rft.pages=1801&rft.date=2000-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazette.govt.nz%2Fnotice%2Fid%2F2000-vr4883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=128&idi=1921">"HISTÓRIA DA ORDEM DO INFANTE D. HENRIQUE"</a>. <i>www.ordens.presidencia.pt</i>. 28 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ordens.presidencia.pt&rft.atitle=HIST%C3%93RIA+DA+ORDEM+DO+INFANTE+D.+HENRIQUE&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordens.presidencia.pt%2F%3Fidc%3D128%26idi%3D1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=3&lang=en">"Biography - Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão"</a>. <i>Government of Timor-Leste</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134628/http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=3&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Timor-Leste&rft.atitle=Biography+-+Kay+Rala+Xanana+Gusm%C3%A3o&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimor-leste.gov.tl%2F%3Fp%3D3%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiner2000" class="citation journal cs1">Niner, Sara (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2995028">"A Long Journey of Resistance: The Origins and Struggle of the CNRT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_Concerned_Asian_Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars">Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars</a></i>. <b>32</b> (1 and 2): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14672715.2000.10415775">10.1080/14672715.2000.10415775</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-4810">0007-4810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Concerned+Asian+Scholars&rft.atitle=A+Long+Journey+of+Resistance%3A+The+Origins+and+Struggle+of+the+CNRT&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1+and+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14672715.2000.10415775&rft.issn=0007-4810&rft.aulast=Niner&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2995028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiner2009" class="citation book cs1">————— (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/Xanana_Leader_of_the_Struggle_for_Independent_Timor_Leste/2003199"><i>Xanana: Leader of the Struggle for Independent Timor-Leste</i></a>. North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781921509087" title="Special:BookSources/9781921509087"><bdi>9781921509087</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215235803/https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/Xanana_Leader_of_the_Struggle_for_Independent_Timor_Leste/2003199">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xanana%3A+Leader+of+the+Struggle+for+Independent+Timor-Leste&rft.place=North+Melbourne%2C+Vic&rft.pub=Australian+Scholarly+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781921509087&rft.aulast=Niner&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbridges.monash.edu%2Farticles%2FXanana_Leader_of_the_Struggle_for_Independent_Timor_Leste%2F2003199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiner2016" class="citation web cs1">————— (17 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insidestory.org.au/of-paintballs-and-power/">"Of paintballs and power"</a>. <i>Inside Story</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210113524/https://insidestory.org.au/of-paintballs-and-power/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Story&rft.atitle=Of+paintballs+and+power&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.aulast=Niner&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsidestory.org.au%2Fof-paintballs-and-power%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiner2016" class="citation web cs1">————— (20 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newmandala.org/what-a-piece-of-work-is-a-man-xanana-gusmao-turns-70/">"What a piece of work is a man!"</a>. <i>New Mandala</i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413112006/https://www.newmandala.org/what-a-piece-of-work-is-a-man-xanana-gusmao-turns-70/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Mandala&rft.atitle=What+a+piece+of+work+is+a+man%21&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft.aulast=Niner&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmandala.org%2Fwhat-a-piece-of-work-is-a-man-xanana-gusmao-turns-70%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/1993/04/01/east-timor-remembering-history/trial-xanana-gusmao-and-follow-dili-massacre">"East Timor: Remembering History - The Trial of Xanana Gusmao and a Follow-up on the Dili Massacre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>. 1 April 1993<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=East+Timor%3A+Remembering+History+-+The+Trial+of+Xanana+Gusmao+and+a+Follow-up+on+the+Dili+Massacre&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F1993%2F04%2F01%2Feast-timor-remembering-history%2Ftrial-xanana-gusmao-and-follow-dili-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXanana+Gusm%C3%A3o" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="commons:Xanana Gusmão"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Xanana Gusmão</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Xanana Gusmão">Xanana Gusmão</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=3&lang=en">Official biography</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709173914/http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/AboutTimorleste/pres.htm">earlier version</a>)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_for_Timorese_Reconstruction" title="National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction">National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction</a> </b><br />2007–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="President of East Timor">President of East Timor</a> </b><br />2002–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Estanislau_da_Silva" title="Estanislau da Silva">Estanislau da Silva</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">Prime Minister of East Timor</a> </b><br />2007–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rui_Maria_de_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Rui Maria de Araújo">Rui Maria de Araújo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Taur_Matan_Ruak" title="Taur Matan Ruak">Taur Matan Ruak</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Prime Minister of East Timor </b><br />2023–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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href="/wiki/President_of_Timor-Leste" title="President of Timor-Leste">Presidents of Timor-Leste</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Xavier_do_Amaral" title="Francisco Xavier do Amaral">Francisco Xavier do Amaral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_dos_Reis_Lobato" title="Nicolau dos Reis Lobato">Nicolau dos Reis Lobato</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xanana Gusmão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Guterres" title="Vicente Guterres">Vicente Guterres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Ara%C3%BAjo_(East_Timorese_politician)" title="Fernando de Araújo (East Timorese politician)">Fernando de Araújo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taur_Matan_Ruak" title="Taur Matan Ruak">Taur Matan Ruak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guterres" title="Francisco Guterres">Francisco Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Timor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Timor-Leste"><img alt="Flag of Timor-Leste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/50px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/75px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/100px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* Acting • <i>Italics</i> indicate acting presidents during the <a href="/wiki/2008_East_Timorese_assassination_attempts" title="2008 East Timorese assassination attempts">2008 assassination attempts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Timor-Leste64" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Timor-Leste" title="Template:Prime ministers of Timor-Leste"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Timor-Leste" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Timor-Leste"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Timor-Leste" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Timor-Leste"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Timor-Leste64" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Timor-Leste" title="Prime Minister of Timor-Leste">Prime ministers of Timor-Leste</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_dos_Reis_Lobato" title="Nicolau dos Reis Lobato">Nicolau dos Reis Lobato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Alkatiri" title="Mari Alkatiri">Mari Alkatiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanislau_da_Silva" title="Estanislau da Silva">Estanislau da Silva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xanana Gusmão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_Maria_de_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Rui Maria de Araújo">Rui Maria de Araújo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Alkatiri" title="Mari Alkatiri">Mari Alkatiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taur_Matan_Ruak" title="Taur Matan Ruak">Taur Matan Ruak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xanana Gusmão</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Timor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Timor-Leste"><img alt="Flag of Timor-Leste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/50px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/75px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/100px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Timor-Leste</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_government266" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_government266" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Algeria: <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Larbaoui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Boko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Emmanuel_Ou%C3%A9draogo" title="Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo">Ouédraogo</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Burundi: <a href="/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca" title="Gervais Ndirakobuca">Ndirakobuca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Ngute</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Correia e Silva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Central African Republic: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Moloua</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Chad: <a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Halina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Democratic Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Suminwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Makosso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Djibouti: <a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Mohamed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua" title="Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua">Osa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eritrea: <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eswatini: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gabon: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Sima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ghana: <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">Mahama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Oury</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea-Bissau: <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Duarte de Barros</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ivory Coast: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Beugre Mambe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Libya: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Dbeibeh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lesotho: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Ntsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mali: <a href="/wiki/Abdoulaye_Ma%C3%AFga_(officer)" title="Abdoulaye Maïga (officer)">Maïga</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mauritania: <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Djay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mauritius: <a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Ramgoolam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Akhannouch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Benvinda_Levy" title="Maria Benvinda Levy">Benvinda Levy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Namibia: <a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Kuugongelwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Niger: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Zeine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Tinubu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rwanda: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Ngirente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: <i><a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bayoun</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">São Tomé and Príncipe: <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rico_Ramos" title="Américo Ramos">Ramos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Sonko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sierra Leone: <a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">Sengeh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Somalia: <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Barre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Somaliland: <i><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Hussein</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Majaliwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Togo: <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Dogbé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Madouri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Nabbanja</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Abkhazia: <i><a href="/wiki/Valeri_Bganba" title="Valeri Bganba">Bganba</a></i>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Afghanistan: <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Akhund</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bahrain: <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Salman bin Hamad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bhutan: <a href="/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay" title="Tshering Tobgay">Tobgay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Brunei: <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">China: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">East Timor: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gusmão</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">India: <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iran: <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Sudani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Israel: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Japan: <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jordan: <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Hassan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Bektenov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kuwait: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Adylbek_Kasymaliev" title="Adylbek Kasymaliev">Kasymaliev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Laos: <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Siphandone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Nawaf_Salam" title="Nawaf Salam">Salam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Oyun-Erdene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nepal: <a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">Oli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Pak_Thae-song" title="Pak Thae-song">Pak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Oman: <a href="/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq" title="Haitham bin Tariq">Haitham bin Tariq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Palestine: <i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(politician)" title="Mohammad Mustafa (politician)">Mustafa</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Mohammed bin Abdulrahman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Ossetia: <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Dzhussoev</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Amarasuriya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Syria: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Al-Bashir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Taiwan: <i><a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Rasulzoda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United Arab Emirates: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Mohammed bin Rashid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Aripov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Mubarak</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Albania: <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Andorra: <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Espot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Armenia: <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Austria: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schallenberg" title="Alexander Schallenberg">Schallenberg</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Asadov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belarus: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Golovchenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Bart_De_Wever" title="Bart De Wever">De Wever</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Krišto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Rosen_Zhelyazkov" title="Rosen Zhelyazkov">Zhelyazkov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Faroe Islands: <a href="/wiki/Aksel_V._Johannesen" title="Aksel V. Johannesen">Johannesen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finland: <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">France: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">Bayrou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Georgia: <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Germany: <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greece: <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Kristr%C3%BAn_Frostad%C3%B3ttir" title="Kristrún Frostadóttir">Kristrún</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Martin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Italy: <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kosovo: <i><a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Kurti</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Liechtenstein: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Risch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Gintautas_Paluckas" title="Gintautas Paluckas">Paluckas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Malta: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Recean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Monaco: <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Berro-Amade%C3%AF" title="Isabelle Berro-Amadeï">Berro-Amadeï</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norway: <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Poland: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Romania: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Russia: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Vučević</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Spain: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Jans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Shmyhal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vatican City: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Vérgez Alzaga</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Aruba: <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Wever-Croes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Anguilla: <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Webster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Antigua and Barbuda: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bahamas: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Barbados: <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bermuda: <a href="/wiki/David_Burt_(politician)" title="David Burt (politician)">Burt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belize: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">British Virgin Islands: <a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Wheatley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cayman Islands: <a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">O'Connor-Connolly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Marrero Cruz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Curaçao: <a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Pisas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Canada: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Abinader</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">El Salvador: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenland: <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Egede</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Grenada: <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Arévalo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Haiti: <a href="/wiki/Alix_Didier_Fils-Aim%C3%A9" title="Alix Didier Fils-Aimé">Fils-Aimé</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jamaica: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Montserrat: <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Meade" title="Reuben Meade">Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saint Kitts and Nevis: <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saint Lucia: <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United States: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bolivia: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Chile: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Noboa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guyana: <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Peña</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Peru: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Adrianzén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Suriname: <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Santokhi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Lacalle Pou</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Australia: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cook Islands: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nauru: <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Niue: <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Tagelagi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Papua New Guinea: <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Solomon Islands: <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tonga: <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAisake_Eke" title="ʻAisake Eke">Eke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tuvalu: <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vanuatu: <a href="/wiki/Jotham_Napat" title="Jotham Napat">Napat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of government <b>·</b> <i>Italics</i> indicate a head of government of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights_laureates75" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Footer_Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights_laureates" title="Template:Footer Gwangju Prize for Human Rights laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Footer_Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights_laureates" title="Template talk:Footer Gwangju Prize for Human Rights laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Footer_Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Footer Gwangju Prize for Human Rights laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights_laureates75" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Prize_for_Human_Rights" title="Gwangju Prize for Human Rights">Gwangju Prize for Human Rights laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xanana Gusmão</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Fernando" title="Basil Fernando">Basil Fernando</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Association_of_Bereaved_Families_for_Democracy" title="Korean Association of Bereaved Families for Democracy">Korean Association of Bereaved Families for Democracy</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandeniya_Gamage_Jayanthi" title="Dandeniya Gamage Jayanthi">Dandeniya Gamage Jayanthi</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardah_Hafidz" title="Wardah Hafidz">Wardah Hafidz</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalai_Joya" title="Malalai Joya">Malalai Joya</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkhana_Neelaphaijit" title="Angkhana Neelaphaijit">Angkhana Neelaphaijit</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irom_Chanu_Sharmila" title="Irom Chanu Sharmila">Irom Chanu Sharmila</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_Raghuvanshi" title="Lenin Raghuvanshi">Lenin Raghuvanshi</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munir_A._Malik" title="Munir A. Malik">Munir A. Malik</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ko_Naing" title="Min Ko Naing">Min Ko Naing</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Pyakurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushil Pyakurel">Sushil Pyakurel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binayak_Sen" title="Binayak Sen">Binayak Sen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_Jeong_Hyeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mun Jeong Hyeon">Mun Jeong Hyeon</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H.I.J.O.S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.I.J.O.S (page does not exist)">H.I.J.O.S</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Khavaran" title="Mothers of Khavaran">Mothers of Khavaran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adilur_Rahman_Khan" title="Adilur Rahman Khan">Adilur Rahman Khan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latifah_Anum_Siregar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latifah Anum Siregar (page does not exist)">Latifah Anum Siregar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_%C4%90an_Qu%E1%BA%BF" title="Nguyễn Đan Quế">Nguyễn Đan Quế</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bersih" title="Bersih">Bersih</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatupat_Boonpattararaksa" title="Jatupat Boonpattararaksa">Jatupat Boonpattararaksa</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr._Nandana_Manatunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fr. Nandana Manatunga (page does not exist)">Fr. Nandana Manatunga</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Cari%C3%B1o" title="Joanna Cariño">Joanna Cariño</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bedjo_Untung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedjo Untung (page does not exist)">Bedjo Untung</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon Nampa</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Maung" title="Cynthia Maung">Cynthia Maung</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_Hang-tung" title="Chow Hang-tung">Chow Hang-tung</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Sydney Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Sydney Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sydney Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sydney_Peace_Prize_laureates51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Peace_Prize" title="Sydney Peace Prize">Sydney Peace Prize laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xanana Gusmão</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanan_Ashrawi" title="Hanan Ashrawi">Hanan Ashrawi</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Roy" title="Arundhati Roy">Arundhati Roy</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olara_Otunnu" title="Olara Otunnu">Olara Otunnu</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irene_Khan" title="Irene Khan">Irene Khan</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Blix" title="Hans Blix">Hans Blix</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Dodson" title="Pat Dodson">Pat Dodson</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Pilger" title="John Pilger">John Pilger</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sekai_Holland" title="Sekai Holland">Sekai Holland</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Maung" title="Cynthia Maung">Cynthia Maung</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Burnside" title="Julian Burnside">Julian Burnside</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Gittoes" title="George Gittoes">George Gittoes</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo Movement</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Oil" title="Midnight Oil">Midnight Oil</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Uluru_Statement_from_the_Heart" title="Uluru Statement from the Heart">Uluru Statement from the Heart</a></i> (2021–22)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazanin_Boniadi" title="Nazanin Boniadi">Nazanin Boniadi</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sakharov_Prize_recipients29" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sakharov_Prize" title="Template:Sakharov Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sakharov_Prize" title="Template talk:Sakharov Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sakharov_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sakharov Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sakharov_Prize_recipients29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sakharov_Prize" title="Sakharov Prize">Sakharov Prize</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Marchenko" title="Anatoly Marchenko">Marchenko</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adem_Dema%C3%A7i" title="Adem Demaçi">Demaçi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Plaza_de_Mayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo">Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslobo%C4%91enje" title="Oslobođenje">Oslobođenje</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taslima_Nasrin" title="Taslima Nasrin">Nasrin</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Zana" title="Leyla Zana">Zana</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jingsheng" title="Wei Jingsheng">Wei Jingsheng</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salima_Ghezali" title="Salima Ghezali">Ghezali</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova" title="Ibrahim Rugova">Rugova</a> (1998)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gusmão</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Basta_Ya!" title="¡Basta Ya!">¡Basta Ya!</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Izzat_Ghazzawi" title="Izzat Ghazzawi">Ghazzawi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zacarias_Kamwenho" title="Zacarias Kamwenho">Kamwenho</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswaldo_Pay%C3%A1" title="Oswaldo Payá">Payá</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Annan</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Association_of_Journalists" title="Belarusian Association of Journalists">Belarusian Association of Journalists</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies_in_White" title="Ladies in White">Ladies in White</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hauwa_Ibrahim" title="Hauwa Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaksandar_Milinkievi%C4%8D" title="Alaksandar Milinkievič">Milinkievič</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Mahmoud_Osman" title="Salih Mahmoud Osman">Osman</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jia_(activist)" title="Hu Jia (activist)">Hu Jia</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Fari%C3%B1as" title="Guillermo Fariñas">Fariñas</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmaa_Mahfouz" title="Asmaa Mahfouz">Mahfouz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Senussi" title="Ahmed al-Senussi">Senussi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh"> Zaitouneh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ali_Farzat" title="Ali Farzat">Farzat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi" title="Mohamed Bouazizi">Bouazizi</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrin_Sotoudeh" title="Nasrin Sotoudeh">Sotoudeh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Panahi" title="Jafar Panahi">Panahi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Yousafzai</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Mukwege</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Badawi</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Murad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lamiya_Aji_Bashar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiya Aji Bashar">Bashar</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Venezuelan_constitutional_crisis" title="2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis">Democratic Opposition in Venezuela</a>: <a href="/wiki/Julio_Borges" title="Julio Borges">Julio Borges</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_L%C3%B3pez" title="Leopoldo López">Leopoldo López</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ledezma" title="Antonio Ledezma">Antonio Ledezma</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ceballos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Ceballos (page does not exist)">Daniel Ceballos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ceballos" class="extiw" title="es:Daniel Ceballos">es</a>]</span> / <a href="/wiki/Yon_Goicoechea" title="Yon Goicoechea">Yon Goicoechea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lorent_Saleh" title="Lorent Saleh">Lorent Saleh</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Ramos_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Ramos (politician) (page does not exist)">Alfredo Ramos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Ramos" class="extiw" title="es:Alfredo Ramos">es</a>]</span> / Andrea González (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Sentsov" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleg Sentsov">Sentsov</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Tohti" title="Ilham Tohti">Tohti</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Democratic opposition in Belarus</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Coordination_Council_(Belarus)" title="Coordination Council (Belarus)">Coordination Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Kalesnikava" title="Maria Kalesnikava">Maria Kalesnikava</a> / <a href="/wiki/Volha_Kavalkova" class="mw-redirect" title="Volha Kavalkova">Volha Kavalkova</a> / <a href="/wiki/Veronika_Tsepkalo" title="Veronika Tsepkalo">Veronika Tsepkalo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Siarhei_Tsikhanouski" class="mw-redirect" title="Siarhei Tsikhanouski">Siarhei Tsikhanouski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Dylevsky" title="Sergei Dylevsky">Sergei Dylevsky</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stsiapan_Putsila" title="Stsiapan Putsila">Stsiapan Putsila</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mikola_Statkevich" title="Mikola Statkevich">Mikola Statkevich</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Navalny</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian people</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahsa_Amini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahsa Amini">Mahsa Amini</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Woman,_Life,_Freedom" title="Woman, Life, Freedom">Woman, Life, Freedom</a> movement (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edmundo_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Edmundo González">Edmundo González</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14873314">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237145542611396640258">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/344117/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppBDjKKKm6CMCcv7RR8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12493336X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gusmão, Xanana"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94081264">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12480008j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12480008j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gusmão, Xanana"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV505016">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an42104065">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35248715">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/126627">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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