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results)</h2></header><div class="c-sortpagination"><div class="c-sort"><div class="o-input__droplist1"><label for="c-sort1">Sort By:</label><select name="sort" id="c-sort1" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="rel">Relevance</option><option value="a-title">A-Z By Title</option><option value="z-title">Z-A By Title</option><option value="a-author">A-Z By Author</option><option value="z-author">Z-A By Author</option><option value="asc">Date Ascending</option><option value="desc">Date Descending</option></select></div></div><input type="hidden" name="start" form="facetForm" value="0"/></div><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/9hf4375c"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Early-life exposure to p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVerner%2C%20Marc-Andr%C3%A9">Verner, Marc-André</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChevrier%2C%20Jonathan">Chevrier, Jonathan</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANgueta%2C%20G%C3%A9rard">Ngueta, Gérard</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARauch%2C%20Stephen">Rauch, Stephen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABornman%2C%20Riana">Bornman, Riana</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEskenazi%2C%20Brenda">Eskenazi, Brenda</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucb_postprints">UC Berkeley Previously Published Works</a> (2018)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Background</h3>The World Health Organization recommends indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides (including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]) to fight malaria vectors in endemic countries. There is limited information on children's exposure to DDT in sprayed areas, and tools to estimate early-life exposure have not been thoroughly evaluated in this context.<h3>Objectives</h3>To document serum p,p'-DDT/E levels in 47 mothers and children participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), a study conducted in an area where IRS insecticides are used annually, and to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a published pharmacokinetic model for the estimation of children's p,p'-DDT/E levels.<h3>Methods</h3>p,p'-DDT/E levels were measured in maternal serum at delivery, and in children's serum at 12 and 24 months of age. A pharmacokinetic model of gestational and lactational exposure was used to estimate children's p,p'-DDT/E levels during pregnancy and the first two years of life, and estimated levels were compared to measured levels.<h3>Results</h3>The geometric means of children's serum p,p'-DDT/E levels at 12 and 24 months were higher than those of maternal serum levels. Regression models of measured children's p,p'-DDT/E levels vs. levels estimated with the pharmacokinetic model (which only accounted for children's exposure through placental transfer and breastfeeding) had coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) ranging from 0.75 to 0.82. Estimated p,p'-DDE levels were not significantly different from measured levels, whereas p,p'-DDT levels were overestimated by 36% at 12 months, and 51% at 24 months.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Results indicate that children living in a sprayed area have serum p,p'-DDT/E levels exceeding their mothers' during the first two years of life. The pharmacokinetic model may be useful to estimate children's levels in the VHEMBE population.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/9hf4375c"><img src="/cms-assets/9b82be2b0f5ee33c18f93960d3bb23e6a1b750e5e2935ba6eee1447c3c395f8f" alt="Cover page: Early-life exposure to p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/1b37z7tz"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Prenatal and Postnatal Serum PCB Concentrations and Cochlear Function in Children at 45 Months of Age</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJusko%2C%20Todd%20A">Jusko, Todd A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASisto%2C%20Renata">Sisto, Renata</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIosif%2C%20Ana-Maria">Iosif, Ana-Maria</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMoleti%2C%20Arturo">Moleti, Arturo</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWimmerov%C3%A1%2C%20Son%CB%87a">Wimmerová, Sonˇa</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALancz%2C%20Kinga">Lancz, Kinga</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATih%C3%A1nyi%2C%20Juraj">Tihányi, Juraj</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%C5%A0ov%C4%8Dikov%C3%A1%2C%20Eva">Šovčiková, Eva</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADrobn%C3%A1%2C%20Beata">Drobná, Beata</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APalkovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1%2C%20L%E2%80%99ubica">Palkovičová, L’ubica</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJure%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1%2C%20Dana">Jurečková, Dana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThevenet-Morrison%2C%20Kelly">Thevenet-Morrison, Kelly</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVerner%2C%20Marc-Andr%C3%A9">Verner, Marc-André</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASonneborn%2C%20Dean">Sonneborn, Dean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHertz-Picciotto%2C%20Irva">Hertz-Picciotto, Irva</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATrnovec%2C%20Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1">Trnovec, Tomáš</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucd_postprints">UC Davis Previously Published Works</a> (2014)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Background</h3>Some experimental and human data suggest that exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may induce ototoxicity, though results of previous epidemiologic studies are mixed and generally focus on either prenatal or postnatal PCB concentrations exclusively.<h3>Objectives</h3>Our aim was to evaluate the association between pre- and postnatal PCB concentrations in relation to cochlear status, assessed by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and to further clarify the critical periods in development where cochlear status may be most susceptible to PCBs.<h3>Methods</h3>A total of 351 children from a birth cohort in eastern Slovakia underwent otoacoustic testing at 45 months of age. Maternal pregnancy, cord, and child 6-, 16-, and 45-month blood samples were collected and analyzed for PCB concentrations. At 45 months of age, DPOAEs were assessed at 11 frequencies in both ears. Multivariate, generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations between PCB concentrations at different ages and DPOAEs, adjusting for potential confounders.<h3>Results</h3>Maternal and cord PCB-153 concentrations were not associated with DPOAEs at 45 months. Higher postnatal PCB concentrations at 6-, 16-, and 45-months of age were associated with lower (poorer) DPOAE amplitudes. When all postnatal PCB exposures were considered as an area-under-the-curve metric, an increase in PCB-153 concentration from the 25th to the 75th percentile was associated with a 1.6-dB SPL (sound pressure level) decrease in DPOAE amplitude (95% CI: -2.6, -0.5; p = 0.003).<h3>Conclusions</h3>In this study, postnatal rather than maternal or cord PCB concentrations were associated with poorer performance on otoacoustic tests at age 45 months.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/1b37z7tz"><img src="/cms-assets/87d135c1988ee8920d5c444ae2e5d714ce40936ea90cfe0a6d1d2a09db7ab140" alt="Cover page: Prenatal and Postnatal Serum PCB Concentrations and Cochlear Function in Children at 45 Months of Age"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/41t3b92w"><div class="c-clientmarkup">A Birth Cohort Study of Maternal and Infant Serum PCB-153 and DDE Concentrations and Responses to Infant Tuberculosis Vaccination</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJusko%2C%20Todd%20A">Jusko, Todd A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADe%20Roos%2C%20Anneclaire%20J">De Roos, Anneclaire J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALee%2C%20Sue%20Y">Lee, Sue Y</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThevenet-Morrison%2C%20Kelly">Thevenet-Morrison, Kelly</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASchwartz%2C%20Stephen%20M">Schwartz, Stephen M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVerner%2C%20Marc-Andr%C3%A9">Verner, Marc-André</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMurinova%2C%20Lubica%20Palkovicova">Murinova, Lubica Palkovicova</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADrobn%C3%A1%2C%20Beata">Drobná, Beata</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKo%C4%8Dan%2C%20Anton">Kočan, Anton</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFabi%C5%A1ikov%C3%A1%2C%20Anna">Fabišiková, Anna</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%C4%8Conka%2C%20Kamil">Čonka, Kamil</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATrnovec%2C%20Tomas">Trnovec, Tomas</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHertz-Picciotto%2C%20Irva">Hertz-Picciotto, Irva</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALawrence%2C%20B%20Paige">Lawrence, B Paige</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucd_postprints">UC Davis Previously Published Works</a> (2016)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Background</h3>Reasons for the highly variable and often poor protection conferred by the Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine are multifaceted and poorly understood.<h3>Objectives</h3>We aimed to determine whether early-life exposure to PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] reduces 6-month infant BCG vaccine response.<h3>Methods</h3>Data came from families participating in a prospective birth cohort in eastern Slovakia. At birth, maternal and cord blood were collected for chemical analyses, and infants were immunized with BCG. Blood was collected from infants for chemical analyses and to determine 6-month BCG-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA levels. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to examine chemical-BCG associations among approximately 500 mother-infant pairs, with adjustment for confounders.<h3>Results</h3>The median 6-month infant concentration of the prevalent congener PCB-153 was 113 ng/g lipid [interquartile range (IQR): 37-248], and 388 ng/g lipid (IQR: 115-847) for DDE. Higher 6-month infant concentrations of PCB-153 and DDE were strongly associated with lower 6-month BCG-specific antibody levels. For instance, BCG-specific IgG levels were 37% lower for infants with PCB-153 concentrations at the 75th percentile compared to the 25th percentile (95% CI: -42, -32; p < 0.001). Results were similar in magnitude and precision for DDE. There was also evidence of PCB-DDE additivity, where exposure to both compounds reduced anti-BCG levels more than exposure to either compound alone.<h3>Conclusions</h3>The associations observed in this study indicate that environmental exposures may be overlooked contributors to poorer responses to BCG vaccine. The overall association between these exposures and tuberculosis incidence is unknown.<h3>Citation</h3>Jusko TA, De Roos AJ, Lee SY, Thevenet-Morrison K, Schwartz SM, Verner MA, Palkovicova Murinova L, Drobná B, Kočan A, Fabišiková A, Čonka K, Trnovec T, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lawrence BP. 2016. A birth cohort study of maternal and infant serum PCB-153 and DDE concentrations and responses to infant tuberculosis vaccination. Environ Health Perspect 124:813-821; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510101.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/41t3b92w"><img src="/cms-assets/826687cdf71763deeb2e991bf2737b9b9a0cbd5f5fd5fbc016fac821a163bb56" alt="Cover page: A Birth Cohort Study of Maternal and Infant Serum PCB-153 and DDE Concentrations and Responses to Infant Tuberculosis Vaccination"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/6wn0h8dg"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Early Life Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Nine European Population-Based Studies</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AForns%2C%20Joan">Forns, Joan</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVerner%2C%20Marc-Andre">Verner, Marc-Andre</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIszatt%2C%20Nina">Iszatt, Nina</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ANowack%2C%20Nikola">Nowack, Nikola</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABach%2C%20Cathrine%20Carlsen">Bach, Cathrine Carlsen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVrijheid%2C%20Martine">Vrijheid, Martine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACosta%2C%20Olga">Costa, Olga</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAndiarena%2C%20Ainara">Andiarena, Ainara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASovcikova%2C%20Eva">Sovcikova, Eva</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AH%C3%B8yer%2C%20Birgit%20Bjerre">Høyer, Birgit Bjerre</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWittsiepe%2C%20J%C3%BCrgen">Wittsiepe, Jürgen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALopez-Espinosa%2C%20Maria-Jose">Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AIbarluzea%2C%20Jesus">Ibarluzea, Jesus</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHertz-Picciotto%2C%20Irva">Hertz-Picciotto, Irva</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AToft%2C%20Gunnar">Toft, Gunnar</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AStigum%2C%20Hein">Stigum, Hein</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGuxens%2C%20M%C3%B2nica">Guxens, Mònica</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiew%2C%20Zeyan">Liew, Zeyan</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AEggesb%C3%B8%2C%20Merete">Eggesbø, Merete</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucd_postprints">UC Davis Previously Published Works</a> (2020)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Introduction</h3>To date, the evidence for an association between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is inconclusive.<h3>Objective</h3>We investigated the association between early life exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and ADHD in a collaborative study including nine European population-based studies, encompassing 4,826 mother-child pairs.<h3>Methods</h3>Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were measured in maternal serum/plasma during pregnancy, or in breast milk, with different timing of sample collection in each cohort. We used a validated pharmacokinetic model of pregnancy and lactation to estimate concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in children at birth and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. We classified ADHD using recommended cutoff points for each instrument used to derive symptoms scores. We used multiple imputation for missing covariates, logistic regression to model the association between PFAS exposure and ADHD in each study, and combined all adjusted study-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis.<h3>Results</h3>A total of 399 children were classified as having ADHD, with a prevalence ranging from 2.3% to 7.3% in the studies. Early life exposure to PFOS or PFOA was not associated with ADHD during childhood [odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.06) to 1.02 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.11)]. Results from stratified models suggest potential differential effects of PFAS related to child sex and maternal education.<h3>Conclusion</h3>We did not identify an increased prevalence of ADHD in association with early life exposure to PFOS and PFOA. However, stratified analyses suggest that there may be an increased prevalence of ADHD in association with PFAS exposure in girls, in children from nulliparous women, and in children from low-educated mothers, all of which warrant further exploration. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5444.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/6wn0h8dg"><img src="/cms-assets/7da53e520cb573170c7445300f0fd3398cdd7256de50bda8da53e9820de018ec" alt="Cover page: Early Life Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Nine European Population-Based Studies"/></a></div></section></section></main></form></div><div><div class="c-toplink"><a href="javascript:window.scrollTo(0, 0)">Top</a></div><footer class="c-footer"><nav class="c-footer__nav"><ul><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/aboutEschol">About eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/campuses">Campus Sites</a></li><li><a href="/ucoapolicies">UC Open Access Policy</a></li><li><a href="/publishing">eScholarship Publishing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cdlib.org/about/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Statement</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Site Policies</a></li><li><a href="/terms">Terms of Use</a></li><li><a href="/login"><strong>Admin Login</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://help.escholarship.org"><strong>Help</strong></a></li></ul></nav><div class="c-footer__logo"><a href="/"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/logo_footer-eschol.svg" alt="eScholarship, University of California"/></a></div><div class="c-footer__copyright">Powered by the<br/><a href="http://www.cdlib.org">California Digital Library</a><br/>Copyright © 2017<br/>The Regents of the University of California</div></footer></div></div></div></div> <script src="/js/vendors~app-bundle-7424603c338d723fd773.js"></script> <script src="/js/app-bundle-63f992b6abba5f8338a3.js"></script> </body> </html>