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borneol</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: natural borneol"> <meta name="keywords" content="natural borneol"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="natural borneol"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5757</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: natural borneol</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5727</span> Role of Natural Language Processing in Information Retrieval; Challenges and Opportunities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20M.%20Alhawiti">Khaled M. Alhawiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to analyze the role of natural language processing (NLP). The paper will discuss the role in the context of automated data retrieval, automated question answer, and text structuring. NLP techniques are gaining wider acceptance in real life applications and industrial concerns. There are various complexities involved in processing the text of natural language that could satisfy the need of decision makers. This paper begins with the description of the qualities of NLP practices. The paper then focuses on the challenges in natural language processing. The paper also discusses major techniques of NLP. The last section describes opportunities and challenges for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20retrieval" title="data retrieval">data retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20structuring" title=" text structuring"> text structuring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21284/role-of-natural-language-processing-in-information-retrieval-challenges-and-opportunities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5726</span> Hanna Arendt and Al-Farabi’s Non-Naturalistic Political Philosophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Badamchi">Mohammad Hossein Badamchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As Leo Strauss demonstrates in his works, Political Philosophy in the western tradition is an epistemic-naturalistic tradition insofar Hanna Arendt mentioning the deep conflict between philosophy and politics, opposed to be named “political philosopher” prefer the title “political thinker” for herself. In fact, the Western political philosophy’s tendency to derive politics from natural law and epistemic argumentations makes a paradox between the actual “the political” and the theoretical “natural politics” in the western tradition. In this paper, we want to show that Hanna Arendt, in her exploration to find a new realm of the non-naturalistic way of thinking about the political is walking on a completely different tradition of political philosophy which was first established by Al-Farabi, the founder of Islamic political philosophy around thousand years after Greek Philosophy. Despite Aristotelian Polis which is a Natural community based on true natural rationality to reach the natural purposes of mankind, Al-Farabi’s Madine (his reconstructed concept of Aristotelian Polis) is completely constructed against natural cities, which are formulated by necessity logic of natural arguments and natural deception of humanity. In fact, Farabi considers the natural understanding of politics as Ignorant ideologies used by governments to suppress people. Madine in Farabi’s work is not a natural institution but is a collaborative constitution founded by citizens. So despite Aristotelian thinking, here we don’t have just A Polis that is the one true polis, but we have various multiple Madines among one, is virtuous not by definition but by real action of citizens and civil relations. Al-Farabi’s political philosophy is not a Naturalistic-epistemic Political Philosophy but is a Phronetic Political Philosophy which Hanna Arendt wants to establish outside of western contemplative anti-active political philosophy tradition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=al-farabi" title="al-farabi">al-farabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanna%20arendt" title=" hanna arendt"> hanna arendt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20politics" title=" natural politics"> natural politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20political" title=" the political"> the political</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20philosophy" title=" political philosophy"> political philosophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141173/hanna-arendt-and-al-farabis-non-naturalistic-political-philosophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5725</span> Positive Effects of Natural Gas Usage on Air Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Becenen">Ismail Becenen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution, a consequence of urbanization brought about by modern life, is as global as it is local and regional. Because of the adverse effects of air pollution on human health, air quality is given importance all over the world. According to the decision of the World Health Organization, clean air is the basic necessity for human health and well-being. It poses a very high risk especially for heart diseases and stroke cases. In this study, the positive effects of natural gas usage on air pollution in cities are explained by using literature scans and air pollution measurement values. Natural gas is cleaner than other types of fuel. It contains less sulfur and organic sulfur compounds. When natural gas burns, it does not leave ashes, it does not cause problems in the rubbish mountains. It's a clean fuel, it easily burns and shines. It is a burning gas that is easy and efficient. In addition, there is not a toxic effect for people in case of inhalation. As a result, the use of natural gas needs to be widespread to reduce air pollution around the world in order to provide a healthier life for people and the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title="natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur%20dioxide" title=" sulfur dioxide"> sulfur dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20matter" title=" particulate matter"> particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83426/positive-effects-of-natural-gas-usage-on-air-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5724</span> Synthesis of Iso-Amyl, Benzyl and Cinnamyl Esters over Active, Selective, Reusable and Eco-Friendly Natural Silica Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20El-Aziz%20Said">Abd El-Aziz Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, natural silica was used as an active, selective, reusable and eco-friendly catalyst for the liquid phase synthesis of iso-amyl, benzyl and cinnamyl esters. The original and calcined natural silica were characterized by TG-DTA, XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and N2-sorption analysis. The surface acidity of the catalysts was determined using isopropanol dehydration and the strength of available acid sites was measured using chemisorption of pyridine (PY) and dimethyl pyridine (DMPY). The results of acidity specified that the acidic sites are of Brönsted type, while PY-TPD demonstrated that almost of the acidic sites over the surface of natural silica are of weak and intermediate strength. The catalytic activity of natural silica towards esterification of acetic acid with alcohols was extensively studied. The results revealed that natural silica had high catalytic activity with 100% selectivity to all targeted esters. In addition, the yields obtained in batch methods were 83, 81, and 80%, respectively, whereas these yields after simple distillation were improved 97, 99.5, and 90%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-phase%20esterification" title="liquid-phase esterification">liquid-phase esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20silica" title=" natural silica"> natural silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidity%20esters" title=" acidity esters"> acidity esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120099/synthesis-of-iso-amyl-benzyl-and-cinnamyl-esters-over-active-selective-reusable-and-eco-friendly-natural-silica-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5723</span> Investigation on the Fire Resistance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Natural Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Zhang">Dong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hai%20Tan"> Kang Hai Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20Dasari"> Aravind Dasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing concern on environmental sustainability and waste management has driven the construction and building sector towards renewable materials. In this work, we have explored the usage of natural fibers as an alternative to synthetic fibers like polypropylene (PP) in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). PP fibers are incorporated into concrete to resist explosive thermal spalling of UHPC during a fire exposure scenario. Experimental studies on the effect of natural fiber on the mechanical properties and spalling resistance of UHCP were conducted. The residual mechanical properties of UHPC with natural fibers were tested after heating to different temperatures. Spalling behavior of UHPC with natural fibers is also assessed by heating the samples according to ISO 834 fire curve. A range of analytical, physical and microscopic characterization techniques was also used on the concrete samples before and after being subjected to elevated temperature to investigate the phase and microstructural change of the sample. The findings show that natural fibers are able to improve fire resistance of UHPC. Adding natural fibers can prevent UHPC from spalling at high temperature. This study provides an alternative, which is at low cost and environmentally friendly, to prevent spalling of UHPC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title="high temperature">high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fiber" title=" natural fiber"> natural fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spalling" title=" spalling"> spalling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-high%20performance%20concrete" title=" ultra-high performance concrete"> ultra-high performance concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108461/investigation-on-the-fire-resistance-of-ultra-high-performance-concrete-with-natural-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5722</span> Removal of Vanadium from Industrial Effluents by Natural Ion Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashikant%20R.%20Kuchekar">Shashikant R. Kuchekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haribhau%20R.%20Aher"> Haribhau R. Aher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20M.%20Dhage"> Priti M. Dhage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The removal vanadium from aqueous solution using natural exchanger was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time and exchanger dose were studied at ambient temperature (25 <sup>0</sup>C ± 2 <sup>0</sup>C). The equilibrium process was described by the Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity for vanadium. The natural exchanger i.e. tamarindus seeds powder was treated with formaldehyde and sulpuric acid to increase the adsorptivity of metals. The maximum exchange level was attained as 80.1% at pH 3 with exchanger dose 5 g and contact time 60 min. Method is applied for removal of vanadium from industrial effluents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20effluent" title="industrial effluent">industrial effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ion%20exchange" title=" natural ion exchange"> natural ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamarindous%20indica" title=" Tamarindous indica"> Tamarindous indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68740/removal-of-vanadium-from-industrial-effluents-by-natural-ion-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5721</span> Coupling Heat Transfer by Natural Convection and Thermal Radiation in a Storage Tank of LNG</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hariti">R. Hariti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saighi"> M. Saighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saidani-Scott"> H. Saidani-Scott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical simulation of natural convection double diffusion, coupled with thermal radiation in unsteady laminar regime in a storage tank is carried out. The storage tank contains a liquefied natural gas (LNG) in its gaseous phase. Fluent, a commercial CFD package, based on the numerical finite volume method, is used to simulate the flow. The radiative transfer equation is solved using the discrete coordinate method. This numerical simulation is used to determine the temperature profiles, stream function, velocity vectors and variation of the heat flux density for unsteady laminar natural convection. Furthermore, the influence of thermal radiation on the heat transfer has been investigated and the results obtained were compared to those found in the literature. Good agreement between the results obtained by the numerical method and those taken on site for the temperature values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tank" title="tank">tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefied%20natural%20gas" title=" liquefied natural gas"> liquefied natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20radiation" title=" thermal radiation"> thermal radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15574/coupling-heat-transfer-by-natural-convection-and-thermal-radiation-in-a-storage-tank-of-lng" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5720</span> Affectivity of Smoked Edible Sachet in Preventing Oxidation of Natural Condiment Stored in Ambient Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feny%20Mentang">Feny Mentang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roike%20Iwan%20Montolalu"> Roike Iwan Montolalu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henny%20Adeleida%20Dien"> Henny Adeleida Dien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristhina%20P.%20Rahael"> Kristhina P. Rahael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomy%20Moga"> Tomy Moga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayub%20Meko"> Ayub Meko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siegfried%20Berhimpon"> Siegfried Berhimpon </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smoked fish is one of the famous fish products in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Research in producing smoked fish using smoke liquid, and the use of that product as main taste for a new “natural condiment” have been done, including a series of researches to find materials for sachet. Research aims are to determine the effectiveness of smoked edible sachets, in preventing oxidation of natural condiment, stored in ambient temperature. Two kinds of natural condiment flavors were used, i.e. smoked Skipjack flavor, and Sea Food flavor. Three variables of edible sachets were used for the natural condiments, i.e. non-sachet, edible sachet without smoke liquid, and edible sachet with smoke liquid. The natural condiments were then stored in ambient temperature, for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. To determine the effectiveness of edible sachets in preventing oxidation, analysis of TBA, water content, and pH were conducted. The results shown that natural condiment with smoked seafood taste had TBA values higher than that of smoked Skipjack. Edible sachet gave a highly significant effect (P > 0.01) on TBA. Natural condiment in smoked edible sachet has a lower TBA than natural condiment non-sachet, and with sachet without smoke liquid. The longer storing time, the higher TBA, especially for non-sachet and with sachet without smoke liquid. There were no significant effect (P > 0.05) of edible sachet on water content and pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20sachet" title="edible sachet">edible sachet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoke%20liquid" title=" smoke liquid"> smoke liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20condiment" title=" natural condiment"> natural condiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33013/affectivity-of-smoked-edible-sachet-in-preventing-oxidation-of-natural-condiment-stored-in-ambient-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5719</span> Trends and Inequalities in Distance to and Use of Nearest Natural Space in the Context of the 20-Minute Neighbourhood: A 4-Wave National Repeat Crosssectional Study, 2013 to 2019</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20R.%20Olsen">Jonathan R. Olsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalie%20Nicholls"> Natalie Nicholls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenna%20Panter"> Jenna Panter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20Burnett"> Hannah Burnett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Tornow"> Michael Tornow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Mitchell"> Richard Mitchell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 20-minute neighborhood is a policy priority for governments worldwide and a key feature of this policy is providing access to natural space within 800 meters of home. The study aims were to (1) examine the association between distance to nearest natural space and frequent use over time and (2) examine whether frequent use and changes in use were patterned by income and housing tenure over time. Bi-annual Scottish Household Survey data were obtained for 2013 to 2019 (n:42128 aged 16+). Adults were asked the walking distance to their nearest natural space, the frequency of visits to this space and their housing tenure, as well as age, sex and income. We examined the association between distance from home of nearest natural space, housing tenure, and the likelihood of frequent natural space use (visited once a week or more). Two-way interaction terms were further applied to explore variation in the association between tenure and frequent natural space use over time. We found that 87% of respondents lived within 10 minute walk of a natural space, meeting the policy specification for a 20-minute neighbourhood. Greater proximity to natural space was associated with increased use; individuals living a 6 to 10 minute walk and over 10 minute walk were respectively 53% and 78% less likely to report frequent natural space use than those living within a 5 minute walk. Housing tenure was an important predictor of frequent natural space use; private renters and homeowners were more likely to report frequent natural space use than social renters. Our findings provide evidence that proximity to natural space is a strong predictor of frequent use. Our study provides important evidence that time-based access measures alone do not consider deep-rooted socioeconomic variation in use of Natural space. Policy makers should ensure a nuanced lens is applied to operationalising and monitoring the 20-minute neighbourhood to safeguard against exacerbating existing inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20space" title="natural space">natural space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequalities" title=" inequalities"> inequalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=20-minute%20neighbourhood" title=" 20-minute neighbourhood"> 20-minute neighbourhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150728/trends-and-inequalities-in-distance-to-and-use-of-nearest-natural-space-in-the-context-of-the-20-minute-neighbourhood-a-4-wave-national-repeat-crosssectional-study-2013-to-2019" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5718</span> Use of Recycled Aggregates in Current Concretes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Krizova">K. Krizova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hela"> R. Hela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper a summary of the results of concretes with partial substitution of natural aggregates with recycled concrete is solved. Design formulas of the concretes were characterised with 20, 40 and 60% substitution of natural 8-16 mm fraction aggregates with a selected recycled concrete of analogous coarse fractions. With the product samples an evaluation of coarse fraction aggregates influence on fresh concrete consistency and concrete strength in time was carried out. The results of concretes with aggregates substitution will be compared to reference formula containing only the fractions of natural aggregates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete" title="recycled concrete">recycled concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20aggregates" title=" natural aggregates"> natural aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20concrete" title=" fresh concrete"> fresh concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties%20of%20concrete" title=" properties of concrete"> properties of concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16112/use-of-recycled-aggregates-in-current-concretes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5717</span> Comparative Study of Natural Coarse Aggregate Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Saadiq">Ahmad Saadiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Sahu"> Neeraj Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The partial or full replacement of natural coarse aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is of great benefit to the environment, as the demand of natural coarse aggregate reduces. In the modern construction and practice, the use of RCA is limited to backfilling and road construction. The establishment of RCA for its wide application can only be done after having an understanding of the use of RCA in conventional concrete. To have an insight to this, various tests to determine the compressive strength, elastic strength, workability, durability and drying shrinkage tests can be done and the test results may be different from that obtained from natural coarse aggregates, by using natural coarse aggregate in concrete. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the said tests done on RCA concrete. The results obtained from the tests indicate that RCA concrete gives comparable compressive strength, stiffness, and workability relative to the corresponding results obtained from the natural coarse aggregates. However, the durability and drying shrinkage had more variance but well within recommended limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title="aggregate">aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete" title=" recycled concrete"> recycled concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88714/comparative-study-of-natural-coarse-aggregate-concrete-with-recycled-concrete-aggregate-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5716</span> Numerical Analysis of Multiplicity and Transition Phenomena in Natural Convection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Kafil">Hadi Kafil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ecder"> Ali Ecder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer by natural convection in two-dimensional and three-dimensional axisymmetric enclosure fitted with partially heated vertical walls is investigated numerically. The range of Rayleigh number is varied from 10³ until convective flow becomes unstable. This research focuses on multiplicity and transition phenomena in natural convection and is based on a parametric analysis to study the onset of bifurcations. It is found that, even at low Rayleigh numbers, the flow undergoes a series of turning-point bifurcations which increase the rate of natural convention. On the other hand, by partially heating or cooling the walls, more effective results can be achieved for both heating and cooling applications, such as cooling of electronic devices and heating processes in solidification and crystal growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title="natural convection">natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20heated" title=" partial heated"> partial heated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=onset%20of%20bifurcation" title=" onset of bifurcation"> onset of bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20number" title=" Rayleigh number"> Rayleigh number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11789/numerical-analysis-of-multiplicity-and-transition-phenomena-in-natural-convection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5715</span> Community Participation in Decentralized Management of Natural Resources in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of West Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarisse%20Umutoni">Clarisse Umutoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Ayantunde"> Augustine Ayantunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Turner"> Matthew Turner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Germain%20J.%20Sawadogo"> Germain J. Sawadogo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decentralized governance of natural resources is considered one of the key strategies for promoting sustainable management of natural resources at local level. The rationale behind decentralization of natural resources is that local populations are both better situated and more highly motivated than outside agencies to manage the resources in an ecologically and economically sustainable manner. Effective decentralized natural resource management requires strong local natural resource institutions. Therefore, strengthening local institutions governing natural resource management is essential to promoting strong participation of local communities in managing their resources. This paper investigated the existing local institutions (rules, norms and or local conventions) governing the management of natural resources and forms of community participation in the development of these natural resource institutions. Group discussions and individual interviews were conducted to collect data. Our findings showed significant variation within the study sites regarding the level of knowledge of existing local rules and norms governing the management of natural resources by the respondents. The results also show that participation was dominated by a small group of individuals, often community leaders and elites. The results suggest that women are marginalized. In general, factors which influence the level of participation include; age, year of residence in the community, gender and education level. This study also highlights the strengths of local natural resource institutions especially if enforced. Presently, the big challenge that faces the institutions governing natural resource use in the study area is the system of representativeness in the community in the development of local rules and norms as community leaders and household heads often dominate, which does not encourage active participation of community members. Therefore, for effective implementation of local natural resource institutions, the interest of key natural resource users should be taken into account. It is also important to promote rules and norms that attempt to protect or strengthen women’s access to natural resources in the community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title="decentralization">decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20plan" title=" land use plan"> land use plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20institutions" title=" local institutions"> local institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mali" title=" Mali"> Mali</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41685/community-participation-in-decentralized-management-of-natural-resources-in-the-sudano-sahelian-zone-of-west-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5714</span> Reducing Energy Consumption in Architectural Spaces by Optimizing Natural Light Transmission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parisa%20Javid">Parisa Javid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In architecture, daylight contributes to humans' mental and physical well-being and reduces the consumption of fossil fuels. Accordingly, Iran's rich architecture has valuable achievements and experiences that should be recognized and introduced to the Iranian and international architecture communities. There are many ways to reduce energy consumption in buildings, but electricity accounts for a large part of that consumption. Lighting up spaces with natural light is a significant factor in reducing energy consumption and preventing electricity dissipation. Aside from being expensive, electric lighting systems cause excessive heat and physical injury (eyes). This study is based on library records and documents. Modern lighting systems are used to reduce energy consumption in the interior of a building to allow for optimal transmission of natural light. It discusses how to use natural light in architecture and the benefits of natural light in buildings. Solar energy can be used more efficiently, and electrical power can be saved in residential, administrative, commercial, and educational buildings by using new methods such as light tubes and mirror directors. Modern lighting systems, natural light, and reduced energy consumption are keywords for these systems, which quickly return their investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20lighting%20systems" title="modern lighting systems">modern lighting systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20light" title=" natural light"> natural light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20energy%20consumption" title=" reduced energy consumption"> reduced energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150538/reducing-energy-consumption-in-architectural-spaces-by-optimizing-natural-light-transmission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5713</span> Utilization of Chrysanthemum Flowers in Textile Dyeing: Chemical and Phenolic Analysis of Dyes and Fabrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, Chrysanthemum (morifolium) flowers are used as a natural dye to reduce synthetic dyes and take a step toward sustainability in the fashion industry. The aqueous extraction method is utilized for natural dye extraction and then applied to silk and cotton fabric samples. The color of the dye extracted from dried chrysanthemum flowers is originally a shade of rich green, but after being washed with detergent, it turns to a shade of yellow. Traditional salt and vinegar are used as a natural mordant to fix the dye color. This study also includes a phenolic and chemical analysis of the natural dye (Chrysanthemum flowers) and the textiles (cotton and silk). Compared to cotton fabric, silk fabric has far superior chemical qualities to use in natural dyeing. The results of this study show that the Chrysanthemum flower offers a variety of colors when treated with detergent, without detergent, and with mordants. Chrysanthemum flowers have long been used in other fields, such as medicine; therefore, it is time to start using them in the fashion industry as a natural dye to lessen the harm that synthetic dyes cause. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title="natural dyes">natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chrysanthemum%20flower" title=" Chrysanthemum flower"> Chrysanthemum flower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20fabrics" title=" textile fabrics"> textile fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20and%20phenolic%20analysis" title=" chemical and phenolic analysis"> chemical and phenolic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193318/utilization-of-chrysanthemum-flowers-in-textile-dyeing-chemical-and-phenolic-analysis-of-dyes-and-fabrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5712</span> Secret Sharing in Visual Cryptography Using NVSS and Data Hiding Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misha%20Alexander">Misha Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Waykar"> S. B. Waykar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual Cryptography is a special unbreakable encryption technique that transforms the secret image into random noisy pixels. These shares are transmitted over the network and because of its noisy texture it attracts the hackers. To address this issue a Natural Visual Secret Sharing Scheme (NVSS) was introduced that uses natural shares either in digital or printed form to generate the noisy secret share. This scheme greatly reduces the transmission risk but causes distortion in the retrieved secret image through variation in settings and properties of digital devices used to capture the natural image during encryption / decryption phase. This paper proposes a new NVSS scheme that extracts the secret key from randomly selected unaltered multiple natural images. To further improve the security of the shares data hiding techniques such as Steganography and Alpha channel watermarking are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title="decryption">decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20visual%20secret%20sharing" title=" natural visual secret sharing"> natural visual secret sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20images" title=" natural images"> natural images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noisy%20share" title=" noisy share"> noisy share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20swapping" title=" pixel swapping"> pixel swapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33268/secret-sharing-in-visual-cryptography-using-nvss-and-data-hiding-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5711</span> The Effect of Mineral Addition (Natural Pozzolana) on the Capillary Absorption and Compressive Strength of Environmental Mortar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Deboucha">W. Deboucha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Oudjit"> M. N. Oudjit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouzid"> A. Bouzid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Belagraa"> L. Belagraa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Noui"> A.Noui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cement manufacturing is the one of the factors that pollutes the atmosphere in the industrial sector. The common way to reduce this pollution is using mineral additions as partial replacement of Portland cement. Particularly, natural pozzolana (NP) is component in which they can be used to decrease the rate of pollution. The main objective of this experimental work is the study of the effect of mineral addition (natural pozzolana) on the capillary water absorption and compressive-flexural strength of cement mortar. The results obtained in the present research showed that the higher dosages of natural pozzolana added could be the principal parameter of such decrease in strength at early and medium term. Further, this increase of incorporated addition has been believed to reduce the capillary water absorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natural%20pozzolana" title="Natural pozzolana">Natural pozzolana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar" title=" mortar"> mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20absorption" title=" capillary absorption"> capillary absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18222/the-effect-of-mineral-addition-natural-pozzolana-on-the-capillary-absorption-and-compressive-strength-of-environmental-mortar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5710</span> Natural Language Processing; the Future of Clinical Record Management </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20M.%20Alhawiti">Khaled M. Alhawiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the future of medicine and the use of Natural language processing. The importance of having correct clinical information available online is remarkable; improving patient care at affordable costs could be achieved using automated applications to use the online clinical information. The major challenge towards the retrieval of such vital information is to have it appropriately coded. Majority of the online patient reports are not found to be coded and not accessible as its recorded in natural language text. The use of Natural Language processing provides a feasible solution by retrieving and organizing clinical information, available in text and transforming clinical data that is available for use. Systems used in NLP are rather complex to construct, as they entail considerable knowledge, however significant development has been made. Newly formed NLP systems have been tested and have established performance that is promising and considered as practical clinical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20information" title="clinical information">clinical information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20applications" title=" automated applications"> automated applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26320/natural-language-processing-the-future-of-clinical-record-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5709</span> Study of NGL Feed Price Calculation for a Typical NGL Fractionation Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simin%20Eydivand">Simin Eydivand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ghanadieslami"> Ali Ghanadieslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Amiri"> Reza Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural gas liquids (NGLs) are light hydrocarbons that are dissolved in associated or non‐associated natural gas in a hydrocarbon reservoir and are produced within a gas stream. There are different ways to calculate the price of NGL. In this study, a spreadsheet calculation method is used for calculation of NGL price with an attractive economy of IRR 25%. For a typical NGL Plant with 3,200,000 t/y capacity of investment and operation of 90% capacity to have IRR 25%, the price of NGL is calculated 277 $/t. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20liquid" title="natural gas liquid">natural gas liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGL" title=" NGL"> NGL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPG" title=" LPG"> LPG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price" title=" price"> price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGL%20fractionation" title=" NGL fractionation"> NGL fractionation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NF" title=" NF"> NF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IRR" title=" IRR"> IRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPV" title=" NPV"> NPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33705/study-of-ngl-feed-price-calculation-for-a-typical-ngl-fractionation-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5708</span> Use of Natural Fibers in Landfill Leachate Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Araujo%20J.%20F.%20Marina">Araujo J. F. Marina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Araujo%20F.%20Marcus%20Vinicius"> Araujo F. Marcus Vinicius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulinari%20R.%20Daniella"> Mulinari R. Daniella</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the resultant leachate from waste decomposition in landfills has polluter potential hundred times greater than domestic sewage, this is considered a problem related to the depreciation of environment requiring pre-disposal treatment. In seeking to improve this situation, this project proposes the treatment of landfill leachate using natural fibers intercropped with advanced oxidation processes. The selected natural fibers were palm, coconut and banana fiber. These materials give sustainability to the project because, besides having adsorbent capacity, are often part of waste discarded. The study was conducted in laboratory scale. In trials, the effluents were characterized as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity and Color. The results indicate that is technically promising since that there were extremely oxidative conditions, the use of certain natural fibers in the reduction of pollutants in leachate have been obtained results of COD removals between 67.9% and 90.9%, Turbidity between 88.0% and 99.7% and Color between 67.4% and 90.4%. The expectation generated is to continue evaluating the association of efficiency of other natural fibers with other landfill leachate treatment processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lndfill%20leachate" title="lndfill leachate">lndfill leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fibers" title=" natural fibers"> natural fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20processes" title=" advanced oxidation processes"> advanced oxidation processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27165/use-of-natural-fibers-in-landfill-leachate-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5707</span> Research on the Planning and Design of National Park Gateway Communities from the Perspective of Nature Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulin%20Liang">Yulin Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the background of protecting ecology, natural education is an effective way for people to understand nature. At the same time, it is a new means of sustainable development of eco-tourism, which can improve the functions of China's protected areas and develop new business formats for the development of national parks. This study takes national park gateway communities as the research object and uses literature review, inductive reasoning and other research methods to sort out the development process of natural education in China and the research progress of natural education design in national park gateway communities. Finally, we discuss how gateway communities can use natural education to transform their development methods and provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of gateway communities in national parks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20education" title="natural education">natural education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gateway%20communities" title=" gateway communities"> gateway communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20parks" title=" national parks"> national parks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172896/research-on-the-planning-and-design-of-national-park-gateway-communities-from-the-perspective-of-nature-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5706</span> An Examination of Changes on Natural Vegetation due to Charcoal Production Using Multi Temporal Land SAT Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Garba">T. Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Y.%20Babanyara"> Y. Y. Babanyara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Isah"> M. Isah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Muktari"> A. K. Muktari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Y.%20Abdullahi"> R. Y. Abdullahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increased in demand of fuel wood for heating, cooking and sometimes bakery has continued to exert appreciable impact on natural vegetation. This study focus on the use of multi-temporal data from land sat TM of 1986, land sat EMT of 1999 and lands sat ETM of 2006 to investigate the changes of Natural Vegetation resulting from charcoal production activities. The three images were classified based on bare soil, built up areas, cultivated land, and natural vegetation, Rock out crop and water bodies. From the classified images Land sat TM of 1986 it shows natural vegetation of the study area to be 308,941.48 hectares equivalent to 50% of the area it then reduces to 278,061.21 which is 42.92% in 1999 it again depreciated to 199,647.81 in 2006 equivalent to 30.83% of the area. Consequently cultivated continue increasing from 259,346.80 hectares (42%) in 1986 to 312,966.27 hectares (48.3%) in 1999 and then to 341.719.92 hectares (52.78%). These show that within the span of 20 years (1986 to 2006) the natural vegetation is depreciated by 119,293.81 hectares. This implies that if the menace is not control the natural might likely be lost in another twenty years. This is because forest cleared for charcoal production is normally converted to farmland. The study therefore concluded that there is the need for alternatives source of domestic energy such as the use of biomass which can easily be accessible and affordable to people. In addition, the study recommended that there should be strong policies enforcement for the protection forest reserved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal" title="charcoal">charcoal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=images" title=" images"> images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20vegetation" title=" natural vegetation"> natural vegetation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12955/an-examination-of-changes-on-natural-vegetation-due-to-charcoal-production-using-multi-temporal-land-sat-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5705</span> Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Characterization of Sheep’s Milk (Ovis aries) by Three Medicinal Plants Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Bouazza">Fatima Bouazza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Khedid"> Khadija Khedid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamiae%20Amallah"> Lamiae Amallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziz%20Mouhaddach"> Aziz Mouhaddach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basma%20Boukour"> Basma Boukour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihane%20Ennadir"> Jihane Ennadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachida%20Hassikou"> Rachida Hassikou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to combine milk and its derived products conservation and flavoring, Moroccans often used aromatic and medicinal plants. These plant extracts are endowed with several nutritive and therapeutic properties. This study constitutes a first national assessment of physico-chemical quality of sheep’s milk from moroccan Sardi breed and the evaluation of the antibacterial effect of three medicinal plants extracts: Aloe barbadensis Miller, Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium on flora isolated from this sheep's milk. 100 milk samples were collected in four regions of Morocco. The bacteria isolated were identified by classical and molecular methods (16S rRNA sequencing) and tested, according to the disk method, for their sensitivity to several antibiotics. The physico-chemical analyzes of sheep’s milk concerned the pH, titratable acidity, density, dry extract, freezing point and contents of: fat, proteins, lactose and calcium. The essential oils (EOs) of T. satureioides and M .pulegium were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC / MS, while the Aloe vera leaf pulp was analyzed by the methods of Harborne and HPLC. A total number of 125 bacteria have been identified. Significant resistance to chemical antibiotics has been noted in LABs. The average temperature value of milk is around 57.15 °C, the pH is 6.56, the titratable acidity is around 3.4 ° D, the density is 1.035g / cm³ , the total dry extract is around 169.5g / l, the ash (9.8g / l), the freezing point (- 0.556 °C) while the average fat content is 67.85g / l . The samples richest in fat belong to the region of Settat, cradle of the Sardi breed, with a maximum average value of 74.4g / l. The average protein is 56g / l, lactose (39.92g / l), and calcium (1.855g / l). Analysis of the major components of EOs revealed the dominance of borneol in the case of T. satureioides and of pulegone in M. pulegium. Aloe vera gel contains alkaloids, flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponins and 1.60 µg / ml of aloin. The plant extracts have a bactericidal effect on E. coli, Klebsiellaoxytoca and Staphylococci and bacteriostatic effect on LABs of technological interest (Lactobacillus). As a result of this study, it is believed that the consumption of sardi sheep’s milk would be of nutritional benefit. Its richness in fat and proteins predisposes it for biotechnological development in the manufacture of cheese and yogurt. Also, the use of aromatic and medicinal plants, as natural additives would be of great benefit to flavor and maintain its quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep%E2%80%99s%20milk" title="sheep’s milk">sheep’s milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20flora" title=" lactic flora"> lactic flora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20power" title=" antimicrobial power"> antimicrobial power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aloe%20barbadensis%20miller" title=" aloe barbadensis miller"> aloe barbadensis miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thymus%20satureioides" title=" thymus satureioides"> thymus satureioides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentha%20pulegium" title=" mentha pulegium"> mentha pulegium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154313/physico-chemical-and-biotechnological-characterization-of-sheeps-milk-ovis-aries-by-three-medicinal-plants-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5704</span> Natural Dyeing of Textile Cotton Fabric and Its Characterization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Almas">Rabia Almas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today’s world is demanding natural and biological colorants on priority bases as an alternative to toxic and unsustainable synthetic dyes. Sustainable natural colors from plants and/or living organisms such as bacteria's and fungi attracted the world research scholars and textile industries recently due to the excitement and opportunities they covered. So, in the present study, natural colors from food waste, such as orange peels and peanuts, were extracted and applied to cotton fabric. The dyeing recipes were optimized in terms of dye concentration, processing temperature and time for higher color strength. The characterization of the dyes and fabric, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and fastness properties were measured for the identification of the chemical groups involved for a better understanding of the dyeing behavior. The results revealed that proper mordanting and concentration of dye on cotton fabric could give high color strength and good fastness to wash and light and these natural dyes can be used as an alternative to synthetic toxic colorants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20dyes" title=" textile dyes"> textile dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title=" natural dyes"> natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20colors" title=" bio colors"> bio colors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162104/natural-dyeing-of-textile-cotton-fabric-and-its-characterization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5703</span> The Inequality Effects of Natural Disasters: Evidence from Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annop%20Jaewisorn">Annop Jaewisorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the relationship between natural disasters and inequalities -both income and expenditure inequality- at a micro-level of Thailand as the first study of this nature for this country. The analysis uses a unique panel and remote-sensing dataset constructed for the purpose of this research. It contains provincial inequality measures and other economic and social indicators based on the Thailand Household Survey during the period between 1992 and 2019. Meanwhile, the data on natural disasters, which are remote-sensing data, are received from several official geophysical or meteorological databases. Employing a panel fixed effects, the results show that natural disasters significantly reduce household income and expenditure inequality as measured by the Gini index, implying that rich people in Thailand bear a higher cost of natural disasters when compared to poor people. The effect on income inequality is mainly driven by droughts, while the effect on expenditure inequality is mainly driven by flood events. The results are robust across heterogeneity of the samples, lagged effects, outliers, and an alternative inequality measure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title="inequality">inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disasters" title=" natural disasters"> natural disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote-sensing%20data" title=" remote-sensing data"> remote-sensing data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138576/the-inequality-effects-of-natural-disasters-evidence-from-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5702</span> Natural Law in the Mu’Tazilite Theology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Khalili">Samaneh Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural law theory, in moral philosophy, refers to a system of unchanging values held to be mutual to all humans and can be discovered through reason. The natural law theory is commonly associated with western Philosophers. In contrast, discussions on notions of natural law in Islamic intellectual history were relatively rare. This paper aims to show that the moral theory developed by the Mu'tazilite thinkers can be classified in the ideas of natural law. In doing so, this study will demonstrate that the objective and unchanging values, according to Mu'tazilite theologians, provide the guidelines for assessing the Islamic law rules in the field of human coexistence. The focus of the paper lies on ʿAbd al-Ğabbār, who was the most influential thinker in the late epoch of the Muʿtazila. Although ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār did not leave a text with a systematic discussion of natural law, his teaching of nature, human reason, and the moral values of actions are all scattered throughout his work -'al-Muġnī fī abwāb at-tawḥīd wa-l-'adl'. It is necessary to focus on ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār's theories on reason, nature, and ethics since natural law revolves around the basic concepts of nature, reason, and moral value. While analyzing the concept of the Nature, it will attempt to answer how he explains the world's physical structure and God's relationship to natural events. Moreover, from ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār's point of view, is nature a self-determined system that follows its inner principle in every kind of change, or is nature guided by an external power? Does causality govern natural events? About the concept of reason, an attempt is made to examine how human reason, according to ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār, conceives moral attributes. Finally, the Autor will discuss the concepts of objective values and the place of rights and duties derived from Islamic law in ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār's thought. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mu%27tazilite%20theology" title=" Mu'tazilite theology"> Mu'tazilite theology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20law%20in%20Islamic%20theology" title=" natural law in Islamic theology"> natural law in Islamic theology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20and%20unchanging%20values." title=" objective and unchanging values."> objective and unchanging values.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163338/natural-law-in-the-mutazilite-theology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5701</span> Numerical Modeling of Turbulent Natural Convection in a Square Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Sedighi">Mohammadreza Sedighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Said%20Saidi"> Mohammad Said Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesamoddin%20Salarian"> Hesamoddin Salarian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical study has been performed to investigate the effect of using different turbulent models on natural convection flow field and temperature distributions in partially heated square cavity compare to benchmark. The temperature of the right vertical wall is lower than that of heater while other walls are insulated. The commercial CFD codes are used to model. Standard k-w model provided good agreement with the experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">Buoyancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cavity" title=" Cavity"> Cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat%20Transfer" title=" Heat Transfer"> Heat Transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natural%20Convection" title=" Natural Convection"> Natural Convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turbulence" title=" Turbulence "> Turbulence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22257/numerical-modeling-of-turbulent-natural-convection-in-a-square-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5700</span> Crowdalert: An Android Application for Increasing the Awareness and Response Initiatives of the Citizens through Crowdsourcing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Benedict%20Bernardo">John Benedict Bernardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crowdsourcing is a way of collecting information provided by the volunteers. This crowdsourced information has the capacity to increase the people’s situational awareness in times of disasters. The research reflected in this paper strives to demonstrate the benefits of crowdsourcing during natural disasters and the ways of utilizing it for disaster response. Shared information regarding natural disasters from social media is often scattered as the inputs from these media are uncategorized. For this reason, the study aims to equip the citizens a medium that is solely intended for sharing and/or obtaining natural disaster-related information. Ergo, an android application was developed to gather and publicize this volunteered information. The capability of crowdsourcing and the effectiveness of the application were evaluated and the result shows overwhelming agreement that this study is indeed efficient in increasing the awareness and response initiatives of the citizens during natural disasters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdsourcing" title="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disasters" title=" natural disasters"> natural disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37771/crowdalert-an-android-application-for-increasing-the-awareness-and-response-initiatives-of-the-citizens-through-crowdsourcing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5699</span> The Role of Metallic Mordant in Natural Dyeing Process: Experimental and Quantum Study on Color Fastness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Gaun%20Chen">Bo-Gaun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiung-Hui%20Huang"> Chiung-Hui Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Ching%20Chiang"> Mei-Ching Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Hsing%20Lee"> Kuo-Hsing Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chen%20Ho"> Chia-Chen Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Ping%20Huang"> Chin-Ping Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Heng%20Tien"> Chin-Heng Tien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that the natural dyeing of cloth results moderate color, but with poor color fastness. This study points out the correlation between the macroscopic color fastness of natural dye to the cotton fiber and the microscopic binding energy of dye molecule to the cellulose. With the additive metallic mordant, the new-formed coordination bond bridges the dye to the fiber surface and thus affects the color fastness as well as the color appearance. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation is therefore used to explore the most possible mechanism during the dyeing process. Finally, the experimental results reflect the strong effect of three different metal ions on the natural dyeing clothes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binding%20energy" title="binding energy">binding energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20fastness" title=" color fastness"> color fastness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory%20%28DFT%29" title=" density functional theory (DFT)"> density functional theory (DFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyeing" title=" natural dyeing"> natural dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic%20mordant" title=" metallic mordant"> metallic mordant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37833/the-role-of-metallic-mordant-in-natural-dyeing-process-experimental-and-quantum-study-on-color-fastness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5698</span> Eco-Friendly Textiles: The Power of Natural Dyes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushra">Bushra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the historical significance, ecological benefits, and contemporary applications of natural dyes in textile dyeing, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of their potential to contribute to a sustainable fashion industry while minimizing ecological footprints. This research explores the potential of natural dyes as a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes in the textile industry, examining their historical context, sources, and environmental benefits. Natural dyes come from plants, animals, and minerals, including roots, leaves, bark, fruits, flowers, insects, and metal salts, used as mordants to fix dyes to fabrics. Natural dyeing involves extraction, mordanting, and dyeing techniques. Optimizing these processes can enhance the performance of natural dyes, making them viable for contemporary textile applications based on experimental research. Natural dyes offer eco-friendly benefits like biodegradability, non-toxicity, and resource renewables, reducing pollution, promoting biodiversity, and reducing reliance on petrochemicals. Natural dyes offer benefits but face challenges in color consistency, scalability, and performance, requiring industrial production to meet modern consumer standards for durability and colorfastness. Contemporary initiatives in the textile industry include fashion brands like Eileen Fisher and Patagonia incorporating natural dyes, artisans like India Flint's Botanical Alchemy promoting traditional dyeing techniques, and research projects like the European Union's Horizon 2020 program. Natural dyes offer a sustainable textile industry solution, reducing environmental impact and promoting harmony with nature. Research and innovation are paving the way for widespread adoption, transforming textile dyeing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20significance" title="historical significance">historical significance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20industry" title=" textile industry"> textile industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title=" natural dyes"> natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186606/eco-friendly-textiles-the-power-of-natural-dyes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads 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