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(1948-1960) Dirujuk oleh * 1948-07-14: Kejadian Awal Darurat Perihal Darurat [|]Darurat bagi seluruh Malaya (Malayan Emergency) telah diisytiharkan pada 18 Jun 1948 (sebelumnya Perak dan Johor pada 16 Jun, dan selepasnya Singapura pada 24 Jun), berikutan pembunuhan 3 orang pemilik ladang berdekatan Sungai Siput, Perak, yang seterusnya mencetus peperangan gerila di antara"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://bangi.pulasan.my/darurat"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://bangi.pulasan.my/_media/gambar/iwm-malayanhomeguard-large_000000.jpg"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="ms_MS"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Cebisan Sejarah Bangi"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-02-15T14:06:08+08:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-05-26T18:56:57+08:00"/> <meta property="article:section" content="2023-05-26T18:56:57+08:00"/> <meta property="article:author" content="Syahrul Sazli 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Kejadian Awal Darurat Perihal Darurat [|]Darurat bagi seluruh Malaya (Malayan Emergency) telah diisytiharkan pada 18 Jun 1948 (sebelumnya Perak dan Johor pada 16 Jun, dan selepasnya Singapura pada 24 Jun), berikutan pembunuhan 3 orang pemilik ladang berdekatan Sungai Siput, Perak, yang seterusnya mencetus peperangan gerila di antara", "license": "https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/deed.ms", "url": "https:\/\/bangi.pulasan.my\/darurat", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https:\/\/bangi.pulasan.my\/darurat" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Cebisan Sejarah Bangi", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/bangi.pulasan.my\/_media\/logo.png" } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/bangi.pulasan.my\/_media\/gambar\/iwm-malayanhomeguard-large_000000.jpg", "width": 800, "height": 594 }, "author": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "Person", "name": "Syahrul Sazli Shaharir", "email": 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class="li"><a href="#darurat_1948-1960">Darurat (1948-1960)</a></div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#dirujuk_oleh">Dirujuk oleh</a></div></li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#perihal_darurat">Perihal Darurat</a></div></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <h1 class="sectionedit1" id="darurat_1948-1960">Darurat (1948-1960)</h1> <div class="level1"> </div> <h2 class="sectionedit2" id="dirujuk_oleh">Dirujuk oleh</h2> <div class="level2"> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/sejarahbangi-1940-1949#kejadian_awal_darurat" class="wikilink1" title="sejarahbangi-1940-1949" data-wiki-id="sejarahbangi-1940-1949">1948-07-14: Kejadian Awal Darurat</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="sectionedit3" id="perihal_darurat">Perihal Darurat</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> <a href="/_media/laman/malayan_emergency_infopedia.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="laman:malayan_emergency_infopedia.pdf (151.1 KB)">|</a><a href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2019-06-12_145539.html" class="urlextern" title="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2019-06-12_145539.html" rel="ugc nofollow">Darurat</a> bagi seluruh Malaya (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" class="urlextern" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" rel="ugc nofollow">Malayan Emergency</a>) telah diisytiharkan pada 18 Jun 1948 (sebelumnya Perak dan Johor pada 16 Jun, dan selepasnya Singapura pada 24 Jun), berikutan pembunuhan 3 orang pemilik ladang berdekatan Sungai Siput, Perak, yang seterusnya mencetus peperangan gerila di antara <a href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM4170.html" class="urlextern" title="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM4170.html" rel="ugc nofollow">Tentera Komanwel</a> dengan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Races_Liberation_Army" class="urlextern" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Races_Liberation_Army" rel="ugc nofollow">Tentera Komunis</a>. </p> <p> <strong>LATAR PERISTIWA</strong>: Terdapat beberapa perspektif berkenaan latar situasi yang memaksa pihak British mengisytiharkan darurat ini: <em>“Ahli sejarah yang membincangkan tentang Darurat 1948 umumnya terbahagi kepada beberapa aliran utama iaitu Ortodoks, Marxis, Revisionis, Neo-Ortodoks dan Pasca Revisionis. Pandangan umum yang dipegang oleh kebanyakan ahli sejarah khususnya daripada aliran Ortodoks dan Neo-Ortodoks menjelaskan Darurat diisytiharkan oleh pihak British sebagai reaksi terhadap keganasan komunis dan wujudnya rancangan pemberontakan bersenjata oleh PKM bagi menjatuhkan pemerintahan British. Namun mutakhir ini timbul kritikan meluas terhadap pegangan aliran tradisional itu yang dianggap terlalu bergantung kepada laporan dan pandangan rasmi khususnya yang dibawa oleh pihak perisikan dan pentadbiran British. Dengan terdapatnya bukti-bukti terbaharu melalui rekod-rekod yang baru dikeluarkan oleh pihak Arkib Kebangsaan British bermula sejak penghujung 1990-an, maka lahir pandangan alternatif yang mula mempersoalkan sama ada perisytiharan Darurat 1948 adalah disebabkan oleh pemberontakan PKM atau lebih didorong oleh tujuan lain yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan pengekalan jangka hayat penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu. Sesetengah ahli sejarah aliran Revisionis mendakwa Darurat 1948 adalah satu bentuk 'perang kolonial' yang sengaja dicipta sebagai sebahagian daripada rancangan atau konspirasi pihak British untuk mengekang ancaman gerakan nasionalis berbanding komunis, yang sengaja dihalimunankan dan sering dituduh atau dikelirukan sebagai sebahagian daripada anasir komunis.”</em> (Azmi Arifin @ Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2017: <a href="/_media/lampiran/perisytiharan_darurat_1948_di_tanah_melayu._penelitian_terhadap_beberapa_aliran_dan_perspektif_6.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:perisytiharan_darurat_1948_di_tanah_melayu._penelitian_terhadap_beberapa_aliran_dan_perspektif_6.pdf (13.7 MB)">|</a><a href="http://eprints.usm.my/44943/" class="urlextern" title="http://eprints.usm.my/44943/" rel="ugc nofollow">"Perisytiharan Darurat 1948 Di Tanah Melayu - Penelitian Terhadap Beberapa Aliran Dan Perspektif"</a>). </p> <p> <a href="/_detail/gambar/iwm-malayanhomeguard-large_000000.jpg?id=darurat" class="media" title="gambar:iwm-malayanhomeguard-large_000000.jpg"><img src="/_media/gambar/iwm-malayanhomeguard-large_000000.jpg?w=600&tok=d76eb2" class="media" loading="lazy" title="THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY 1948-1960" alt="THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY 1948-1960" width="600" /></a> <br/> Suasana di sebuah sekatan Pasukan Pengawal Kampung / Kawalan Tempatan / Home Guard, di daerah Tanjung Malim, Perak, ketika zaman darurat: <em>“A member of the Malayan Home Guard mans a check point on the edge of a town. Such check points allowed the authorities to search vehicles and intercept food and supplies being smuggled out to the communist terrorists.</em>” (© IWM (K 14435), Imperial War Museums, 1948-1960: <a href="/_media/laman/the_malayan_emergency_1948-1960_imperial_war_museums.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="laman:the_malayan_emergency_1948-1960_imperial_war_museums.pdf (1009.8 KB)">|</a><a href="https://media.iwm.org.uk/ciim5/55/390/mid_000000.jpg?action=e&cat=Photographs" class="urlextern" title="https://media.iwm.org.uk/ciim5/55/390/mid_000000.jpg?action=e&cat=Photographs" rel="ugc nofollow">"THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY 1948-1960"</a>). Kemungkinan gambar ini diambil di Tanjung Malim sekitar 1952, ketika perintah berkurung dilaksanakan di sana ketika itu (British Pathé, 1952: <a href="/_media/laman/malaya_tanjong_malim_-_british_pathe.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="laman:malaya_tanjong_malim_-_british_pathe.pdf (829.7 KB)">|</a><a href="https://www.britishpathe.com/video/malaya-tanjong-malim" class="urlextern" title="https://www.britishpathe.com/video/malaya-tanjong-malim" rel="ugc nofollow">"Malaya: Tanjong Malim 1952"</a>); Eric Lim, May 5, 2021: <a href="/_media/laman/a_very_rough_guide_to_tanjong_malim_museum_volunteers_jmm.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="laman:a_very_rough_guide_to_tanjong_malim_museum_volunteers_jmm.pdf (4 MB)">|</a><a href="https://museumvolunteersjmm.com/2021/05/05/a-very-rough-guide-to-tanjong-malim/" class="urlextern" title="https://museumvolunteersjmm.com/2021/05/05/a-very-rough-guide-to-tanjong-malim/" rel="ugc nofollow">"A Very Rough Guide To Tanjong Malim"</a>). Maklumat lanjut tentang “Home Guard”: Mohd Razali Bin Ya'cob @ Jusoh, SEJARAH Vol. 18 No. 18, 2010: <a href="/_media/lampiran/18799.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:18799.pdf (220 KB)">|</a><a href="https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/SEJARAH/article/view/9219" class="urlextern" title="https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/SEJARAH/article/view/9219" rel="ugc nofollow">"PASUKAN HOME GUARD PERSEKUTUAN TANAH MELAYU SEMASA DARURAT, 1948-1960"</a>). </p> <p> Maklumat lanjut tentang darurat:- </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Syed Mahadzir, 2007: <a href="/_media/buku/darurat_tanah_melayu_syed_mahadzir_2007.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="buku:darurat_tanah_melayu_syed_mahadzir_2007.pdf (54.4 MB)">|</a><a href="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digitisation/OCR%20Done/OCR%203/PNM/Darurat%20Tanah%20Melayu%20%5B%20Syed%20Mahadzir%5D%202007.pdf" class="urlextern" title="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digitisation/OCR%20Done/OCR%203/PNM/Darurat%20Tanah%20Melayu%20%5B%20Syed%20Mahadzir%5D%202007.pdf" rel="ugc nofollow">"Darurat Tanah Melayu"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Azmi Arifin, January 2019: <a href="/_media/lampiran/darurat_atau_perang_kolonial_1948_di_tanah_melayu_.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:darurat_atau_perang_kolonial_1948_di_tanah_melayu_.pdf (323.8 KB)">|</a><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336980760_Darurat_atau_Perang_Kolonial_1948_di_Tanah_Melayu_Satu_Perbahasan_Berdasarkan_Beberapa_Aliran_Pemikiran_dan_Perspektif_Emergency_or_Colonial_War_1948_in_Malaya_A_Debate_Based_on_Several_Schools_of_Tho" class="urlextern" title="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336980760_Darurat_atau_Perang_Kolonial_1948_di_Tanah_Melayu_Satu_Perbahasan_Berdasarkan_Beberapa_Aliran_Pemikiran_dan_Perspektif_Emergency_or_Colonial_War_1948_in_Malaya_A_Debate_Based_on_Several_Schools_of_Tho" rel="ugc nofollow">"Darurat atau “Perang Kolonial” 1948 di Tanah Melayu: Satu Perbahasan Berdasarkan Beberapa Aliran Pemikiran dan Perspektif"</a>) <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Liviniyah, P., 2019: <a href="/_media/laman/malayan_emergency_infopedia.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="laman:malayan_emergency_infopedia.pdf (151.1 KB)">|</a><a href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2019-06-12_145539.html" class="urlextern" title="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2019-06-12_145539.html" rel="ugc nofollow">"Malayan Emergency"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Mohd Kasri Saidon @ International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, Volume: 4 Issues: 15 [June, 2019] pp.235-251: <a href="/_media/lampiran/ijlgc-2019-15-06-23.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:ijlgc-2019-15-06-23.pdf (254.8 KB)">|</a><a href="http://www.ijlgc.com/archived.asm" class="urlextern" title="http://www.ijlgc.com/archived.asm" rel="ugc nofollow">"ERA DARURAT 1948-1960; STRATEGI DAN PERANCANGAN PIHAK KERAJAAN MEMERANGI ANCAMAN PARTI KOMUNIS MALAYA(PKM)"</a> (<a href="http://www.ijlgc.com/PDF/IJLGC-2019-15-06-23.pdf" class="urlextern" title="http://www.ijlgc.com/PDF/IJLGC-2019-15-06-23.pdf" rel="ugc nofollow">PDF</a>). <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souchou-yao-0b991b72/" class="urlextern" title="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souchou-yao-0b991b72/" rel="ugc nofollow">Souchou Yao</a>, 2016: <a href="/_media/buku/the_malayan_emergency_-_essays_on_a_small_distant_war.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="buku:the_malayan_emergency_-_essays_on_a_small_distant_war.pdf (6 MB)">|</a><a href="https://www.niaspress.dk/books/malayan-emergency" class="urlextern" title="https://www.niaspress.dk/books/malayan-emergency" rel="ugc nofollow">"THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY - Essays on a Small, Distant War"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Author Unknown (reposted by Dave Barton, 2012): <a href="/_media/lampiran/nmbvaa_essay_about_the_history_of_malaya_in_the_40s_and_50s.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:nmbvaa_essay_about_the_history_of_malaya_in_the_40s_and_50s.pdf (3.9 MB)">|</a><a href="https://www.nmbvaa.org.au/essay.php" class="urlextern" title="https://www.nmbvaa.org.au/essay.php" rel="ugc nofollow">"Essay About The History of Malaya In The 40s and 50s"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Stephen J Fallon, 2011: <a href="/_media/lampiran/774-fallon.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:774-fallon.pdf (587.6 KB)">|</a> <a href="https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/mind-games-from-above" class="urlextern" title="https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/mind-games-from-above" rel="ugc nofollow">"Mind Games From Above: The Use of Psychological Warfare and Direct Propaganda at the Turning Point of the Malayan Emergency, 1952-54"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Christi Siver, 2009: <a href="/_media/lampiran/ssrn-id1451517.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:ssrn-id1451517.pdf (212.7 KB)">|</a><a href="/_media/lampiran/the_other_forgotten_war_understanding_atrocities_during_the_mala.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:the_other_forgotten_war_understanding_atrocities_during_the_mala.pdf (254.1 KB)">|</a><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1451517" class="urlextern" title="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1451517" rel="ugc nofollow">"The Other Forgotten War: Understanding Atrocities During the Malayan Emergency"</a> (<a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:108477953" class="urlextern" title="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:108477953" rel="ugc nofollow">PDF</a>/<a href="https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=polsci_pubs" class="urlextern" title="https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=polsci_pubs" rel="ugc nofollow">PDF</a>) <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Brian Stewart, 2004: <a href="/_media/lampiran/959.510ste_smashingterrorisminthemalayanemergency_brianstewart.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:959.510ste_smashingterrorisminthemalayanemergency_brianstewart.pdf (5.7 MB)">|</a><a href="https://www.britishempire.co.uk/library/smashingterrorism.htm" class="urlextern" title="https://www.britishempire.co.uk/library/smashingterrorism.htm" rel="ugc nofollow">"Smashing Terrorism in the Malayan Emergency"</a> (<a href="/_media/lampiran/operation_sharp_end_smashing_terrorism_in_malaya_1948_-_1958.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:operation_sharp_end_smashing_terrorism_in_malaya_1948_-_1958.pdf (3.7 MB)">|</a><a href="https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/operationsharpend.htm" class="urlextern" title="https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/operationsharpend.htm" rel="ugc nofollow">Full Text</a>) <br/> </div> </li> </ul> <p> Maklumat lanjut mengenai Tentera Komanwel: Riley Sunderland, 1964: <a href="/_media/lampiran/rm4170.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:rm4170.pdf (7.4 MB)">|</a><a href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM4170.html" class="urlextern" title="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM4170.html" rel="ugc nofollow">"Army Operations in Malaya, 1947-1960"</a>. <br/> </p> <p> Maklumat lanjut mengenai Tentera Komunis:- </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="https://umexpert.um.edu.my/hohuiling" class="urlextern" title="https://umexpert.um.edu.my/hohuiling" rel="ugc nofollow">Ho Hui Ling</a>, 2010: <a href="/_media/lampiran/079_096.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:079_096.pdf (1.4 MB)">|</a><a href="http://www.myjurnal.my/public/article-view.php?id=70946" class="urlextern" title="http://www.myjurnal.my/public/article-view.php?id=70946" rel="ugc nofollow">"KEGAGALAN GERAKAN BERSENJATA PARTI KOMUNIS MALAYA (PKM), 1948-1960: SATU ANALISIS"</a> (<a href="http://www.myjurnal.my/filebank/published_article/22925/079_096.PDF" class="urlextern" title="http://www.myjurnal.my/filebank/published_article/22925/079_096.PDF" rel="ugc nofollow">PDF</a>) <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="https://umexpert.um.edu.my/hohuiling" class="urlextern" title="https://umexpert.um.edu.my/hohuiling" rel="ugc nofollow">Ho Hui Ling</a>, 2015: <a href="/_media/lampiran/4501-97-15255-2-10-20200505.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:4501-97-15255-2-10-20200505.pdf (509.1 KB)">|</a><a href="http://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Melayu/article/view/4501/1313" class="urlextern" title="http://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/Melayu/article/view/4501/1313" rel="ugc nofollow">"Gerakan Komunis dan PKM: Penelitian terhadap Usaha Komunis Mempengaruhi Orang Melayu 1920-1989"</a>. <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Henry John Coates, 1976: <a href="/_media/lampiran/b12926139_coates_henry_john.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="lampiran:b12926139_coates_henry_john.pdf (37.4 MB)">|</a><a href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/111073" class="urlextern" title="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/111073" rel="ugc nofollow">"AN OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGENCY IN MALAYA 1948-1954"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Gene Z. Hanrahan, 1971: <a href="/_media/buku/1006864.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="buku:1006864.pdf (2.4 MB)">|</a><a href="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digitisation/OCR%20Done/OCR%206/OCR6-Done/000019/1006864.pdf" class="urlextern" title="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digitisation/OCR%20Done/OCR%206/OCR6-Done/000019/1006864.pdf" rel="ugc nofollow">"THE COMMUNIST STRUGGLE IN MALAYA"</a> <br/> <br/> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Department of Information, Federation of Malaya, 1952(?): <a href="/_media/buku/29599.pdf" class="media mediafile mf_pdf" title="buku:29599.pdf (23.3 MB)">|</a><a href="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/ROB/Set_mun/29599.pdf" class="urlextern" title="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/ROB/Set_mun/29599.pdf" rel="ugc nofollow">"COMMUNIST TERRORISM IN MALAYA - THE EMERGENCY with a chronology of important events JUNE 1948 -JUNE 1952"</a></div> </li> </ul> <p> <a href="/start#pengakuan_pentingkami_bukan_ahli_sejarah" class="wikilink1" title="start" data-wiki-id="start">Pengakuan penting: Kami bukan ahli sejarah! 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