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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Umumiy_koʻrinish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umumiy_koʻrinish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Umumiy koʻrinish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umumiy_koʻrinish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shakllanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shakllanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Shakllanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shakllanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuzilmalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuzilmalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tuzilmalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuzilmalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bog'lanishning_mustahkamligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bog'lanishning_mustahkamligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bog'lanishning mustahkamligi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bog'lanishning_mustahkamligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polarizatsiya_quvvat_effektlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polarizatsiya_quvvat_effektlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Polarizatsiya quvvat effektlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polarizatsiya_quvvat_effektlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kovalent_bog'lanish_bilan_solishtirish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kovalent_bog'lanish_bilan_solishtirish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kovalent bog'lanish bilan solishtirish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kovalent_bog'lanish_bilan_solishtirish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yana_qarang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yana_qarang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Yana qarang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yana_qarang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ion bogʻlanish</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 81 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniese_binding" title="Ioniese binding – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ioniese binding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%AD_%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="አዮኒክ ቦንድ – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዮኒክ ቦንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_ionico" title="Enlace ionico – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enlace ionico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رابطة أيونية – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة أيونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enllaz_i%C3%B3nicu" title="Enllaz iónicu – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enllaz iónicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0on_rabit%C9%99si" title="İon rabitəsi – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İon rabitəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Іонная сувязь – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іонная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Йонна връзка – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йонна връзка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8" title="আয়নিক বন্ধন – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়নিক বন্ধন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionska_veza" title="Ionska veza – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ionska veza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_i%C3%B2nic" title="Enllaç iònic – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç iònic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AA-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-gi%C3%B4ng" title="Liê-cṳ̄-giông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Liê-cṳ̄-giông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بەندی ئایۆنی – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندی ئایۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iontov%C3%A1_vazba" title="Iontová vazba – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iontová vazba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ионла çыхăну – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ионла çыхăну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_%C3%AFonig" title="Bond ïonig – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bond ïonig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionbinding" title="Ionbinding – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ionbinding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionische_Bindung" title="Ionische Bindung – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ionische Bindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ετεροπολικός δεσμός – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ετεροπολικός δεσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding" title="Ionic bonding – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ionic bonding" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jona_ligo" title="Jona ligo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jona ligo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_i%C3%B3nico" title="Enlace iónico – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace iónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iooniline_side" title="Iooniline side – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iooniline side" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotura_ioniko" title="Lotura ioniko – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lotura ioniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پیوند یونی – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند یونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisidos" title="Ionisidos – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ionisidos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_ionique" title="Liaison ionique – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaison ionique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nascadh_ianach" title="Nascadh ianach – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nascadh ianach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_i%C3%B3nico" title="Enlace iónico – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enlace iónico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiangley_eeaneagh" title="Kiangley eeaneagh – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiangley eeaneagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="קשר יוני – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשר יוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="आयनी आबन्ध – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयनी आबन्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionska_veza" title="Ionska veza – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ionska veza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionos_k%C3%B6t%C3%A9s" title="Ionos kötés – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ionos kötés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Իոնային կապ – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իոնային կապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_ionik" title="Ikatan ionik – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikatan ionik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3natengi" title="Jónatengi – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jónatengi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legame_ionico" title="Legame ionico – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legame ionico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="イオン結合 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオン結合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="იონური ბმა – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იონური ბმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_baylan%C4%B1s%C4%B1w" title="Ion baylanısıw – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ion baylanısıw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Иондық байланыс – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иондық байланыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="이온 결합 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이온 결합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Иондук байланыш – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иондук байланыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joninis_ry%C5%A1ys" title="Joninis ryšys – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Joninis ryšys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonu_saite" title="Jonu saite – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jonu saite" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јонска врска – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јонска врска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അയോണിക ബന്ധനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോണിക ബന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ – manipur" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="आयनिक बंध – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयनिक बंध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_ionik" title="Ikatan ionik – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikatan ionik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အိုင်ယွန်စည်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်ယွန်စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionaire_binding" title="Ionaire binding – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ionaire binding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionebinding" title="Ionebinding – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ionebinding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionebinding" title="Ionebinding – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ionebinding" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligam_ionic" title="Ligam ionic – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ligam ionic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidhoo_ayoonii" title="Hidhoo ayoonii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hidhoo ayoonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_jonowe" title="Wiązanie jonowe – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiązanie jonowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%91" title="آئنی جوڑ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئنی جوڑ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_i%C3%B4nica" title="Ligação iônica – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação iônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_ionic%C4%83" title="Legătură ionică – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legătură ionică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Ионная связь – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ионная связь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Йонова вязба – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йонова вязба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonska_veza" title="Jonska veza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jonska veza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1" title="අයනික බන්ධන – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයනික බන්ධන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bond" title="Ionic bond – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ionic bond" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Iónová väzba – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iónová väzba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionska_vez" title="Ionska vez – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ionska vez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidhja_jonike" title="Lidhja jonike – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lidhja jonike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Јонска веза – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јонска веза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonbindning" title="Jonbindning – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jonbindning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="அயனிப் பிணைப்பு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயனிப் பிணைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="พันธะไอออนิก – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พันธะไอออนิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yonik_ba%C4%9F" title="İyonik bağ – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyonik bağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Іонний зв'язок – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іонний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_ion" title="Liên kết ion – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên kết ion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%94%AE" title="离子键 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="离子键" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%94%AE" title="离子键 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="离子键" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%8D%B5" title="離子鍵 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="離子鍵" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB-ch%C3%BA_kiat-ha%CC%8Dp" title="Lī-chú kiat-ha̍p – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lī-chú kiat-ha̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%8D%B5" title="離子鍵 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="離子鍵" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:NaF.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NaF.gif/300px-NaF.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NaF.gif/450px-NaF.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/NaF.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Natriy" title="Natriy">Natriy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Ftor" title="Ftor">ftor</a> atomlari natriy ionlari va ftorid ionlarini hosil qilish uchun oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyasiga kirishadi. Natriy barqaror <a href="/wiki/Elektron_konfiguratsiyasi" title="Elektron konfiguratsiyasi">elektron konfiguratsiyasini</a> berish uchun tashqi <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronini</a> yo'qotadi va bu elektron ftor atomiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekzotermik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekzotermik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">ekzotermik</a> tarzda kiradi. Qarama-qarshi zaryadlangan ionlar – odatda ularning ko'pchiligi – keyin qattiq natriy ftorid hosil qilish uchun bir-biriga tortiladi.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ionli bogʻlanish</b> <a href="/wiki/Kimyoviy_bog%CA%BB" title="Kimyoviy bogʻ">kimyoviy bogʻlanishning</a> bir turi boʻlib, u qarama-qarshi zaryadlangan <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionlar</a> yoki <a href="/wiki/Elektrmanfiylik" title="Elektrmanfiylik">elektromanfiyligi</a> keskin farq qiluvchi ikki <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> oʻrtasidagi <a href="/wiki/Kulon_qonuni" title="Kulon qonuni">elektrostatik tortishishni</a> oʻz ichiga oladi<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> va ionli birikmalarda yuzaga keladigan asosiy oʻzaro taʼsirdir. Kovalent bog'lanish va metall bog'lanish bilan birga bog'lanishning asosiy turlaridan biridir. Ionlar elektrostatik zaryadga ega boʻlgan atomlar (yoki atomlar guruhlari). Elektron olgan atomlar manfiy zaryadlangan ionlarni (<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anionlar</a> deb ataladi) hosil qiladi. Elektronlarni yo'qotadigan atomlar musbat zaryadlangan ionlarni (<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">kationlar</a> deb ataladi) hosil qiladi. Elektronlarning bunday uzatilishi kovalentlikdan farqli ravishda <b>elektrovalentlik</b> deb nomlanadi. Eng oddiy holatda, kation <a href="/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar">metall</a> atomi, anion esa metall bo'lmagan atomdir, lekin bu ionlar yanada murakkab tabiatga ega bo'lishi mumkin, masalan, NH+ kabi molekulyar ionlar.NH</br> NH yoki SO2−</br> SO. Oddiyroq qilib aytganda, ion bog'lanish har ikkala atom uchun ham to'liq valentlik qobig'ini olish uchun elektronlarning <a href="/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar">metalldan metall</a> bo'lmaganga o'tishi natijasida yuzaga keladi. </p><p>Bir atom yoki molekula to'liq elektronni boshqasiga o'tkazadigan <i>toza</i> ionli bog'lanish mavjud bo'lmasligini tan olish muhimdir: barcha ionli birikmalar ma'lum darajada kovalent bog'lanish yoki elektron almashishga ega. Shunday qilib, "ionli bog'lanish" atamasi ion xarakteri kovalent xarakterdan katta bo'lsa, ya'ni ikki atom o'rtasida katta <a href="/wiki/Elektrmanfiylik" title="Elektrmanfiylik">elektron manfiylik</a> farqi mavjud boʻlgan bog'lanish beriladi, bu esa bog'lanishning qutbli (ionli) bo'lishiga olib keladi. elektronlar teng taqsimlangan kovalent bog'lanish. Qisman ion va qisman kovalent xarakterga ega boʻlgan bog'lanishlar qutbli kovalent bog'lanishlar deyiladi. </p><p>Ion birikmalari erigan yoki eritma holatida elektr tokini o'tkazadi , odatda qattiq holatda emas. Ion birikmalari odatda yuqori erish nuqtasiga ega bo'lib, ular tarkibidagi ionlarning zaryadiga qarab. Zaryadlar qanchalik yuqori bo'lsa, birlashtiruvchi kuchlar shunchalik kuchli bo'ladi va erish nuqtasi shunchalik yuqori bo'ladi. Ular suvda ham eriydi ; birlashtiruvchi kuchlar qanchalik kuchli bo'lsa, eruvchanligi shunchalik past bo'ladi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Umumiy_koʻrinish"><span id="Umumiy_ko.CA.BBrinish"></span>Umumiy koʻrinish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Umumiy koʻrinish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Umumiy koʻrinish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deyarli to'liq yoki deyarli bo'sh valent qobig'iga ega boʻlgan atomlar juda <a href="/wiki/Kimyoviy_reaksiya" title="Kimyoviy reaksiya">reaktiv</a> bo'ladi. Kuchli elektronegativ boʻlgan atomlar (galogenlarda boʻlgani kabi) ko'pincha valentlik qobig'ida faqat bitta yoki ikkita bo'sh orbitalga ega va ko'pincha boshqa <a href="/wiki/Kimyoviy_bog%CA%BB" title="Kimyoviy bogʻ">molekulalar</a> bilan bog'lanadi yoki <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anionlarni</a> hosil qilish uchun elektron oladi. Kuchsiz elektromanfiy atomlar (masalan, <a href="/wiki/Ishqoriy_metallar" title="Ishqoriy metallar">ishqoriy metallar</a>) nisbatan kam valentlik elektronlariga ega boʻlib, ular kuchli elektronegativ boʻlgan atomlar bilan oson taqsimlanishi mumkin. Natijada, kuchsiz elektron manfiy atomlar elektron bulutini buzadi va <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">kationlarni</a> hosil qiladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shakllanish">Shakllanish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Shakllanish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Shakllanish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ionlanish_energiyasi" title="Ionlanish energiyasi">Ionlanish energiyasi</a> past boʻlgan element atomlari (odatda <a href="/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar">metall</a>) barqaror elektron konfiguratsiyasiga erishish uchun elektronlarning bir qismini berganida, ionli bog'lanish oksidlanish -qaytarilish reaksiyasidan kelib chiqishi mumkin. Bunda kationlar hosil bo'ladi. Elektron yaqinligi yuqori boʻlgan boshqa elementning atomi (odatda metall bo'lmagan) barqaror <a href="/wiki/Elektron_konfiguratsiyasi" title="Elektron konfiguratsiyasi">elektron konfiguratsiyasiga</a> erishish uchun bir yoki bir nechta elektronni qabul qiladi va elektronlarni qabul qilgandan so'ng atom anionga aylanadi. Odatda, barqaror elektron konfiguratsiyasi s-gruppa va p-gruppadagi elementlar uchun olijanob gazlardan biri va d-gruppa va f-gruppa elementlari uchun alohida <a href="/wiki/Elektron_konfiguratsiyasi" title="Elektron konfiguratsiyasi">barqaror elektron konfiguratsiyalardir</a>. Anionlar va kationlar orasidagi elektrostatik tortishish <a href="/wiki/Brave_panjaralari" title="Brave panjaralari">kristallografik panjarali</a> qattiq jismning hosil bo'lishiga olib keladi, unda ionlar o'zgaruvchan tarzda joylashadi. Bunday panjarada odatda diskret molekulyar birliklarni ajratib bo'lmaydi, shuning uchun hosil boʻlgan birikmalar molekulyar xarakterga ega emas. Biroq, ionlarning o'zi murakkab bo'lishi mumkin va atsetat anioni yoki ammoniy kationi kabi molekulyar ionlarni hosil qilishi mumkin. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg/250px-Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg/375px-Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg/500px-Ionic_Bonding_LiF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption> Litiy ftorid hosil qilish uchun <a href="/wiki/Litiy" title="Litiy">litiy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Ftor" title="Ftor">ftor</a> o'rtasidagi ionli bog'lanishning ifodalanishi. Litiy past ionlanish energiyasiga ega va o'zining yakka valentlik elektronini musbat elektron yaqinlikka ega boʻlgan va lityum atomi tomonidan berilgan elektronni qabul qiladigan ftor atomiga osongina beradi. Natijada, litiy <a href="/wiki/Geliy" title="Geliy">geliy</a> bilan izoelektronik, ftor esa <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> bilan izoelektronikdir. Ikki hosil boʻlgan ionlar o'rtasida elektrostatik o'zaro ta'sir sodir bo'ladi, lekin odatda agregatsiya ulardan ikkitasi bilan cheklanmaydi. Buning o'rniga, ionli bog'lanish orqali tutilgan butun panjaraga agregatsiya hosil bo'ladi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Masalan, oddiy osh tuzi <a href="/wiki/Natriy_xlorid" title="Natriy xlorid">natriy xloriddir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Natriy" title="Natriy">Natriy</a> (Na) va <a href="/wiki/Xlor" title="Xlor">xlor</a> (Cl) birlashganda, natriy atomlarining har biri <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronni</a> yo'qotib, kationlarni (Na <sup>+</sup>) hosil qiladi va xlor atomlarining har biri anionlarni (Cl <sup>-</sup>) hosil qilish uchun elektron oladi. Keyin bu ionlar natriy xlorid (NaCl) hosil qilish uchun 1:1 nisbatda bir-biriga tortiladi. </p> <dl><dd>Na + Cl → Na <sup>+</sup> + Cl <sup>-</sup> → NaCl</dd></dl> <p>Biroq, zaryadning neytralligini saqlash uchun anionlar va kationlar o'rtasidagi qat'iy nisbatlar kuzatiladi, shuning uchun ionli birikmalar, umuman olganda, molekulyar birikmalar bo'lmasa ham, stoxiometriya qoidalariga bo'ysunadi. Qotishmalarga o'tuvchi va aralash ion va metall bog'lanishga ega boʻlgan birikmalar uchun endi bunday bo'lmasligi mumkin. Ko'pgina sulfidlar, masalan, stoxiometrik bo'lmagan birikmalar hosil qiladi. </p><p>Ko'pgina ionli birikmalar <b>tuzlar</b> deb ataladi, chunki ular NaOH kabi Arrenius asosining neytrallanish reaksiyasi natijasida HCl kabi Arrenius kislotasi bilan hosil bo'lishi mumkin </p> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <p>NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O </p><p><br /> Kation hosil qilish uchun elektronlarni olib tashlash endotermik bo'lib, tizimning umumiy energiyasini oshiradi. Mavjud aloqalarning uzilishi yoki anionlarni hosil qilish uchun bir nechta elektron qo'shilishi bilan bog'liq energiya o'zgarishlari ham bo'lishi mumkin. Biroq, anionning kationning valentlik elektronlarini qabul qilish harakati va ionlarning bir-biriga keyingi tortilishi (panjara) energiyani chiqaradi va shu bilan tizimning umumiy energiyasini pasaytiradi. </p><p>Reaksiya uchun umumiy energiya o'zgarishi qulay boʻlgan taqdirdagina ionli bog'lanish sodir bo'ladi. Umuman olganda, reaksiya ekzotermik, lekin, masalan, simob oksidi (HgO) hosil bo'lishi endotermikdir. Hosil boʻlgan ionlarning zaryadi ionli bog'lanish kuchining asosiy omili hisoblanadi, masalan, C <sup>+</sup> A tuzi Kulon qonuniga ko'ra C <sup>2+</sup> A <sup>2−</sup> <sup>dan</sup> taxminan to'rt baravar kuchsiz elektrostatik kuchlar ta'sirida ushlab turiladi, bunda C va A mos ravishda generik kation va anionni ifodalaydi. Ushbu soddalashtirilgan argumentda ionlarning o'lchamlari va panjaraning o'ziga xos o'rami e'tiborga olinmaydi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tuzilmalar">Tuzilmalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tuzilmalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tuzilmalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lattice_energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lattice energy (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Lattice energy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:NaCl_bonds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NaCl_bonds.svg/220px-NaCl_bonds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NaCl_bonds.svg/330px-NaCl_bonds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/NaCl_bonds.svg/440px-NaCl_bonds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption> Tosh tuzi panjarasida har bir natriy ioni (binafsha rangli shar) sakkizta eng yaqin qo'shni xlorid ionlari (yashil sharlar) bilan <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika">elektrostatik</a> ta'sirga ega.</figcaption></figure> <p>Qattiq holatda ionli birikmalar panjara tuzilmalarini hosil qiladi. Panjara shaklini aniqlashda ikkita asosiy omil - ionlarning nisbiy zaryadlari va ularning nisbiy o'lchamlari. Ba'zi tuzilmalar bir qator birikmalar tomonidan qabul qilinadi; Masalan, tosh tuzi <a href="/wiki/Natriy_xlorid" title="Natriy xlorid">natriy xloridning</a> tuzilishi ko'plab <a href="/wiki/Ishqoriy_metallar" title="Ishqoriy metallar">gidroksidi</a> galogenidlar va <a href="/wiki/Magniy_oksid" title="Magniy oksid">magniy oksidi</a> kabi ikkilik oksidlar tomonidan ham qabul qilinadi. Pauling qoidalari ion kristallarining kristall tuzilmalarini bashorat qilish va ratsionalizatsiya qilish uchun ko'rsatmalar beradi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bog'lanishning_mustahkamligi"><span id="Bog.27lanishning_mustahkamligi"></span>Bog'lanishning mustahkamligi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Bog'lanishning mustahkamligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bog'lanishning mustahkamligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qattiq kristalli ionli birikma uchun gazsimon ionlardan qattiq moddani hosil qilishdagi <a href="/wiki/Entalpiya" title="Entalpiya">entalpiya</a> o'zgarishi panjara energiyasi deb ataladi. Panjara energiyasining eksperimental qiymati Born-Haber sikli yordamida aniqlanishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, Born-Landé tenglamasidan foydalanib, kationlar va anionlar o'rtasidagi o'zaro ta'sirlarni yig'ish orqali hisoblangan elektrostatik potentsial energiyaning yig'indisi va qisqa masofali itaruvchi potentsial energiya termini sifatida hisoblash (prognoz qilish) mumkin. <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatik_potensial" title="Elektrostatik potensial">Elektrostatik potentsial</a> kristallning geometriyasini hisobga oladigan interion ajralish va doimiy (Madelung doimiysi) bilan ifodalanishi mumkin. Yadrodan qanchalik uzoq bo'lsa, qalqon shunchalik zaif bo'ladi. Born-Landé tenglamasi, masalan, natriy xloridning panjara energiyasiga mos ravishda mos keladi, bu yerda hisoblangan (bashorat qilingan) qiymat -756 ga teng. kJ/mol, bu -787 ga teng Born-Haber siklidan foydalangan holda kJ/mol.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suvli eritmada bog'lanish kuchini Bjerrum yoki Fuoss tenglamalari orqali ionlarning tabiatiga bog'liq bo'lmagan holda, qutblanish yoki kattalik kabi tavsiflash mumkin Tuz ko'priklarining mustahkamligi ko'pincha katyonik va anion joylarni o'z ichiga olgan molekulalar o'rtasidagi muvozanat, ko'pincha eritmada. Suvdagi muvozanat konstantalari har bir tuz ko'prigi uchun qo'shimchalarsiz energiya hissalarini ko'rsatadi. Murakkab molekulalarda ham <a href="/wiki/Vodorod" title="Vodorod">vodorod</a> aloqalarini aniqlashning yana bir usuli bu <a href="/wiki/Kristallografiya" title="Kristallografiya">kristallografiya</a>, ba'zan esa NMR-spektroskopiyadir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polarizatsiya_quvvat_effektlari">Polarizatsiya quvvat effektlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Polarizatsiya quvvat effektlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Polarizatsiya quvvat effektlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sof ionli birikmalarning kristall panjaralaridagi ionlar sharsimon ; ammo, agar musbat ion kichik va/yoki yuqori zaryadlangan bo'lsa, u manfiy ionning elektron bulutini buzadi, bu ta'sir Fajans qoidalarida umumlashtirilgan. Salbiy ionning bu qutblanishi ikki yadro o'rtasida qo'shimcha zaryad zichligining to'planishiga , ya'ni qisman kovalentlikka olib keladi. Kattaroq manfiy ionlar osonroq qutblanadi, lekin ta'sir odatda zaryadlari 3+ boʻlgan musbat ionlar (masalan, Al 3+) ishtirok etgandagina muhim bo'ladi. Biroq, 2+ ion (Be 2+) yoki hatto 1+ (Li +) ba'zi qutblanish kuchini ko'rsating, chunki ularning o'lchamlari juda kichik (masalan, LiI ionli, ammo kovalent bog'lanish mavjud). E'tibor bering, bu elektr maydonining qo'llanilishi tufayli panjaradagi ionlarning siljishiga ishora qiluvchi ion polarizatsiya effekti emas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kovalent_bog'lanish_bilan_solishtirish"><span id="Kovalent_bog.27lanish_bilan_solishtirish"></span>Kovalent bog'lanish bilan solishtirish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kovalent bog'lanish bilan solishtirish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kovalent bog'lanish bilan solishtirish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ion bog'lanishda atomlar qarama-qarshi zaryadlangan ionlarning tortilishi bilan bog'lanadi, kovalent bog'lanishda esa atomlar barqaror elektron konfiguratsiyasiga erishish uchun elektronlarni almashish orqali bog'lanadi. Kovalent bog'lanishda har bir atom atrofidagi molekulyar geometriya valentlik qobig'ining elektron juft repulsiyasi VSEPR qoidalari bilan belgilanadi, ionli materiallarda esa geometriya maksimal qadoqlash qoidalariga amal qiladi. Aytish mumkinki, kovalent bog'lanish ko'proq <i>yo'naltirilgan</i>, ya'ni optimal bog'lanish burchaklariga yopishmaslik uchun energiya jazosi katta, ion bog'lanish esa bunday jazoga ega emas. Bir-birini qaytarish uchun umumiy elektron juftlari yo'q, ionlar iloji boricha samarali tarzda to'planishi kerak. Bu ko'pincha ancha yuqori muvofiqlashtirish raqamlariga olib keladi. NaCl da har bir ion 6 ta bog'ga ega va barcha bog'lanish burchaklari 90 ° dir. CsCl da koordinatsion raqam 8 ga teng. Taqqoslash uchun <a href="/wiki/Uglerod" title="Uglerod">uglerod</a> odatda maksimal to'rtta aloqaga ega. </p><p>Sof ionli bog'lanish mavjud bo'lishi mumkin emas, chunki bog'lanishda ishtirok etuvchi ob'ektlarning yaqinligi ular o'rtasida ma'lum darajada elektron zichligini taqsimlash imkonini beradi. Shuning uchun barcha ionli bog'lanishlar qandaydir kovalent xususiyatga ega. Shunday qilib, ion xarakteri kovalent xarakterdan katta bo'lsa, bog'lanish ion hisoblanadi. Bog'lanishda ishtirok etuvchi ikki turdagi atomlar orasidagi <a href="/wiki/Elektrmanfiylik" title="Elektrmanfiylik">elektronegativlikdagi</a> farq qanchalik katta bo'lsa, u shunchalik ionli (qutbli) bo'ladi. Qisman ion va qisman kovalent xarakterga ega boʻlgan bog'lanishlar qutbli kovalent bog'lanishlar deyiladi. Masalan, Na-Cl va Mg-O o'zaro ta'siri bir necha foiz kovalentlikka ega, Si-O aloqalari odatda ~50% ion va ~50% kovalentdir. <a href="/wiki/Laynus_Karl_Poling" class="mw-redirect" title="Laynus Karl Poling">Pauling</a> 1,7 (<a href="/wiki/Elektrmanfiylik" title="Elektrmanfiylik">Pauling shkalasi</a> bo'yicha) elektromanfiylik farqi 50% ion xarakteriga to'g'ri keladi, deb hisobladi, shuning uchun 1,7 dan katta farq asosan ionli boʻlgan bog'lanishga to'g'ri keladi.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovalent bog'lanishlardagi ion xarakterini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri to'rt qutbli yadrolarga ega boʻlgan atomlar uchun o'lchash mumkin (<sup>2</sup> H, <sup>14</sup> N, <sup>81,79</sup> Br, <sup>35,37</sup> Cl yoki <sup>127</sup> I). Ushbu yadrolar odatda NQR yadroviy to'rt kutupli rezonans va NMR <a href="/wiki/Yadro_magnit_rezonansi" title="Yadro magnit rezonansi">yadro magnit aks sadolarini</a> o'rganish ob'ektlari hisoblanadi. Yadro quadrupol momentlari <i>Q</i> va <a href="/wiki/Elektr_maydon" title="Elektr maydon">elektr maydon</a> gradientlari (EFG) o'rtasidagi o'zaro ta'sir yadro to'rt kutupli ulanish konstantalari orqali tavsiflanadi. </p> <dl><dd>QCC =<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2483136">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span role="math" class="sfrac tion"><span class="num"><i>e</i><sup>2</sup><i>q</i><sub>zz</sub><i>Q</i></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den"><i>h</i></span></span></dd></dl> <p>buerda <i>eq</i> <sub>zz</sub> termini EFG tenzorining bosh komponentiga mos keladi va <i>e</i> elementar zaryaddir. O'z navbatida, elektr maydon gradienti QCC qiymatlari NMR yoki NQR usullari bilan aniq aniqlanganda molekulalardagi bog'lanish rejimlarini tavsiflashga yo'l ochadi. </p><p>Umuman olganda, ionli bog'lanish qattiq (yoki suyuq) holatda sodir boʻlganda, ikkita alohida atom o'rtasidagi yagona "ionli bog'lanish" haqida gapirish mumkin emas, chunki panjarani bir-biriga bog'lab turuvchi qo'zg'alish kuchlari ko'proq kollektiv xarakterga ega. Bu kovalent bog'lanish holatida juda farq qiladi, bu yerda biz ko'pincha ikkita alohida atom o'rtasida joylashgan aniq bog'lanish haqida gapirishimiz mumkin. Biroq, ionli bog'lanish ba'zi bir kovalentlik bilan birlashtirilgan bo'lsa ham, natijada mahalliylashtirilgan xarakterdagi diskret bog'lanishlar bo'lishi shart <i>emas</i>. Bunday hollarda, hosil boʻlgan bog'lanish ko'pincha butun kristallni qamrab olgan ulkan molekulyar orbitallardan tashkil topgan tarmoqli tuzilishi nuqtai nazaridan tavsifni talab qiladi. Shunday qilib, qattiq jismdagi bog'lanish ko'pincha mahalliylashtirilgan emas, balki kollektiv tabiatini saqlab qoladi. Elektromanfiylikdagi farq kamayganida, bog'lanish <a href="/wiki/Yarimo%CA%BBtkazgich" title="Yarimoʻtkazgich">yarimo'tkazgich</a>, yarim metall yoki oxir-oqibat metall bog'langan metall o'tkazgichga olib kelishi mumkin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yana_qarang">Yana qarang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yana qarang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Yana qarang"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulonqonuni.org">Kulon qonuni</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://Tuz+ko'prigi+(oqsil+va+supramolekuly">Tuz ko'prigi (oqsil va supramolekulyar)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup></li> <li>Ion potentsiali</li> <li>Atom orbitallarining chiziqli birikmasi</li> <li>Gibridlanish</li> <li>Kimyoviy qutblanish</li> <li>Ioliomika</li> <li>Elektron konfiguratsiyasi</li> <li>Aufbau printsipi</li> <li>Kvant raqamlari <ul><li>Azimutal kvant soni</li> <li>Bosh kvant soni</li> <li>Magnit kvant soni</li> <li>Spin kvant soni</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://Ionik+aloqa.uz">"Ionik aloqa"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup> IYUPAC kimyoviy to'plami Termenologiya 2009<a href="/w/index.php?title=.doi:10.1352/goldbook.IT0705058&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".doi:10.1352/goldbook.IT0705058 (sahifa yaratilmagan)">.doi:10.1352/goldbook.IT0705058</a></li> <li>Shnayder Xans-Yorg (2012)"Supramolekulyar komplekslardagi ionli o'zaro ta'sirlar'' Tabiatdagi ionli o'zaro ta'sirlar va sintetik makromolekulalar.35-47-betlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi.10.1002/9781118165850.ch2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi.10.1002/9781118165850.ch2 (sahifa yaratilmagan)">doi.10.1002/9781118165850.ch2</a></li> <li>David Artur Jonson Metallar va kimyoviy o'zgarishlar Ochiq universiteti,Qirollik kimyo jamiyati 2002, <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0854040665" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-854040-665</a>-8</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_bog%CA%BBlanish&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemteam.info/Bonding/Ionic-Bond.html">Ion bog'lanish bo'yicha qo'llanma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116044400/http://sciencehack.com/videos/view/xTx_DWboEVs">Ion bog'lanish haqida video</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://Ion+bog'lanish+xususiyatlari">ion bog'lanish xususiyatlari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2013-08-07 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807185551/http://www.ion/">arxivlangan</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza:Chemical_bonds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza:Chemical bonds (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Andoza:Chemical bonds</a></p><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Tashqi_havolalar_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500&#124;class=noprint&#124;Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Tashqi_havolalar_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500&#124;class=noprint&#124;Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yordam:Tashqi_havolalar" title="Yordam:Tashqi havolalar">Tashqi havolalar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500" title="Buni Vikimaʼlumotlarda tahrirlash"><img alt="Buni Vikimaʼlumotlarda tahrirlash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4290337-3">4290337-3</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> „<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.IT07058">Ionic bond</a>“, <i>IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology</i>, 2009. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.IT07058">10.1351/goldbook.IT07058</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-9678550-9-7</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IUPAC+Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.atitle=Ionic+bond &rft.isbn=978-0-9678550-9-7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.IT07058"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Arthur Johnson, <i>Metals and Chemical Change</i>, Open University, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-85404-665-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-85404-665-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-85404-665-8</span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Pauling <i>The Nature of the Chemical Bond</i> (3rd ed., Oxford University Press 1960) p.98-100.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ion_bogʻlanish&oldid=5121823">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ion_bogʻlanish&oldid=5121823</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Kimyoviy_bog%27lanish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Kimyoviy bog'lanish (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kimyoviy bog'lanish</a></li><li><a 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