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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asosiy menyu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Qatnovi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa" title="Bosh sahifaga oʻtish [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Bosh Sahifa</span></a></li><li id="n-Tanlangan-maqolalar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Tanlangan_maqolalar"><span>Tanlangan maqolalar</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:NewPages"><span>Yangi sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Random" title="Tasodifiy sahifaga oʻtish [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tasodifiy maqola</span></a></li><li id="n-Maqolalar-indeksi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Maqolalar_indeksi"><span>Maqolalar indeksi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Ishtirok" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Ishtirok" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ishtirok </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Xatolar_haqida_xabarlar" title="Ushbu sahifadagi xato haqida xabar berish"><span>Xato haqida xabar berish</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChanges" title="Vikidagi eng so‘nggi o‘zgarishlar ro‘yxati [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Yangi oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="n-Jamoa-portali" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Jamoa_portali"><span>Jamoa portali</span></a></li><li id="n-Qoidalar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Qoida_va_ko%CA%BBrsatmalar"><span>Qoidalar</span></a></li><li id="n-Yordam" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Yordam"><span>Yordam</span></a></li><li id="n-Forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Forum"><span>Forum</span></a></li><li id="n-Aloqa" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Aloqa"><span>Aloqa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-uz.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 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id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipediyadan qidirish" aria-label="Vikipediyadan qidirish" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maxsus:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Qidirish</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Qiyofa" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Qiyofa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Zilzila" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Zilzila" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Zilzila" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Zilzila" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zilzila_haqida_umumiy_tushuncha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zilzila_haqida_umumiy_tushuncha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zilzila haqida umumiy tushuncha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zilzila_haqida_umumiy_tushuncha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zilzilaning_yuzaga_kelish_sabablari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zilzilaning_yuzaga_kelish_sabablari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zilzilaning yuzaga kelish sabablari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zilzilaning_yuzaga_kelish_sabablari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zilzila_kuchi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zilzila_kuchi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zilzila kuchi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zilzila_kuchi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zilzilar_tarixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zilzilar_tarixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zilzilar tarixi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zilzilar_tarixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imoratlarga,_inshootlarga_yer_silkinishining_taʼsiri_va_xususiyatlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imoratlarga,_inshootlarga_yer_silkinishining_taʼsiri_va_xususiyatlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Imoratlarga, inshootlarga yer silkinishining taʼsiri va xususiyatlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imoratlarga,_inshootlarga_yer_silkinishining_taʼsiri_va_xususiyatlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yer_silkinish_oqibatlarini_tugatish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yer_silkinish_oqibatlarini_tugatish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Yer silkinish oqibatlarini tugatish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yer_silkinish_oqibatlarini_tugatish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zilzila_vaqtida_harakatlanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zilzila_vaqtida_harakatlanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zilzila vaqtida harakatlanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zilzila_vaqtida_harakatlanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Adabiyotlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zilzila</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 187 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-187" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">187 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardbewing" title="Aardbewing – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aardbewing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdbeben" title="Erdbeben – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erdbeben" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%89%80%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%80%E1%8C%A5" title="የመሬት መንቀጥቀጥ – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የመሬት መንቀጥቀጥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierratremo" title="Tierratremo – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tierratremo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%BEbeofung" title="Eorþbeofung – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eorþbeofung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikisik-ij%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84" title="Sikisik-ijọn̄ – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Sikisik-ijọn̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA" title="भूकंप – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूकंप" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="زلزال – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زلزال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="ভূমিকম্প – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভূমিকম্প" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremotu" title="Terremotu – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Terremotu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="भूकम्प – avadxi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भूकम्प" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99lz%C9%99l%C9%99" title="Zəlzələ – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zəlzələ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87" title="زلزله – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زلزله" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Ер тетрәү – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ер тетрәү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuh" title="Linuh – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Linuh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadbebm" title="Eadbebm – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eadbebm" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_kostiej%C4%97ms" title="Žemės kostiejėms – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemės kostiejėms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linog" title="Linog – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Linog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Землетрасенне – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Землетрасенне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Землятрус – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Землятрус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindu" title="Lindu – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lindu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Земетресение – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Земетресение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="भुँइडोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भुँइडोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindu" title="Lindu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Lindu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="ভূমিকম্প – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূমিকম্প" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kren-douar" title="Kren-douar – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kren-douar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljotres" title="Zemljotres – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemljotres" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Газар хүдэлэлгэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газар хүдэлэлгэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terratr%C3%A8mol" title="Terratrèmol – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terratrèmol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-c%C4%ABng" title="Dê-cīng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-cīng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linog" title="Linog – sebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Linog" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%96%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%AE%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AC" title="ᎦᏙ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᎮᏍᎬ – cheroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏙ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᎮᏍᎬ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%95" title="بوومەلەرزە – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بوومەلەرزە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terramotu" title="Terramotu – korsikan" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Terramotu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bt%C5%99esen%C3%AD" title="Zemětřesení – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zemětřesení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80_%D1%87%C4%95%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Çĕр чĕтрени – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕр чĕтрени" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeargryn" title="Daeargryn – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Daeargryn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordsk%C3%A6lv" title="Jordskælv – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jordskælv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C5%8Bgbandamli" title="Tiŋgbandamli – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tiŋgbandamli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdbeben" title="Erdbeben – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdbeben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdlerz" title="Erdlerz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Erdlerz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="भूकम्प – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भूकम्प" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σεισμός – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taram%C3%B2t" title="Taramòt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Taramòt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Earthquake" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertremo" title="Tertremo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tertremo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto" title="Terremoto – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terremoto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maav%C3%A4rin" title="Maavärin – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maavärin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrikara" title="Lurrikara – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrikara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremotu" title="Terremotu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Terremotu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87" title="زمین‌لرزه – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌لرزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maanj%C3%A4ristys" title="Maanjäristys – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maanjäristys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maav%C3%A4rrin" title="Maavärrin – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maavärrin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lvti" title="Jarðskjálvti – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jarðskjálvti" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9isme" title="Séisme – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdbeewrin" title="Eerdbeewrin – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eerdbeewrin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramot" title="Taramot – friul" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Taramot" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierdbeving" title="Ierdbeving – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierdbeving" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crith_tal%C3%BAn" title="Crith talún – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Crith talún" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地震" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9yism" title="Séyism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Séyism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crith-thalmhainn" title="Crith-thalmhainn – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Crith-thalmhainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto" title="Terremoto – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terremoto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyryr%C3%BDi" title="Yvyryrýi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyryrýi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liluhu" title="Liluhu – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Liluhu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AA" title="ધરતીકંપ – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ધરતીકંપ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-th%C3%BBng" title="Thi-thûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-thûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94" title="רעידת אדמה – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רעידת אדמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="भूकम्प – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूकम्प" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhukamp" title="Bhukamp – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhukamp" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potres" title="Potres – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Potres" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranblemannt%C3%A8" title="Tranblemanntè – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tranblemanntè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldreng%C3%A9s" title="Földrengés – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földrengés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA" title="Երկրաշարժ – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրաշարժ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismo" title="Seismo – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_berenyang" title="Tanah berenyang – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tanah berenyang" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gempa bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_%E1%BB%8Dma_jijiji" title="Ala ọma jijiji – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ala ọma jijiji" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingined" title="Gingined – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gingined" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter-tremo" title="Ter-tremo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ter-tremo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lfti" title="Jarðskjálfti – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðskjálfti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto" title="Terremoto – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terremoto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B4%E1%94%AA%E1%91%89%E1%90%B1%E1%93%9B%E1%95%97%E1%96%85" title="ᓴᔪᑉᐱᓛᕗᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓴᔪᑉᐱᓛᕗᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地震" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oertkwiek" title="Oertkwiek – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Oertkwiek" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindhu" title="Lindhu – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lindhu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მიწისძვრა – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიწისძვრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer_silkiniw" title="Jer silkiniw – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jer silkiniw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenzla" title="Zenzla – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Zenzla" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%9Bt%CA%8B_n%CC%84ams%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Tɛtʋ n̄amsʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɛtʋ n̄amsʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Жер сілкіну – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер сілкіну" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA" title="ಭೂಕಂಪ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಕಂಪ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83" title="Джер тебрениу – qorachoy-bolqor" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джер тебрениу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="qorachoy-bolqor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%8F%D9%84" title="بٕنیُل – kashmircha" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بٕنیُل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmircha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4dbevve" title="Äädbevve – kyoln" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Äädbevve" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kyoln" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdhej" title="Erdhej – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erdhej" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D3%A9%D3%A9" title="Жер титирөө – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер титирөө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrae_motus" title="Terrae motus – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terrae motus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84erdbiewen" title="Äerdbiewen – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äerdbiewen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чилин зурзунар – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чилин зурзунар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdsj%C3%B3k" title="Eerdsjók – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Eerdsjók" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremot" title="Terremot – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Terremot" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moning%C3%AD" title="Moningí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moningí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9C%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7" title="ແຜ່ນດິນໄຫວ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຜ່ນດິນໄຫວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_dreb%C4%97jimas" title="Žemės drebėjimas – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemės drebėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemestr%C4%ABce" title="Zemestrīce – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zemestrīce" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8n%E1%B8%8Dhu" title="Lènḍhu – madur" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Lènḍhu" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Модань тарнамась – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Модань тарнамась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Земјотрес – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земјотрес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂകമ്പം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂകമ്പം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Газар хөдлөлт – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газар хөдлөлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA" title="भूकंप – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूकंप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gempa bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismo" title="Sismo – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ငလျင်လှုပ်ခြင်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငလျင်လှုပ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B4" title="بنه شنش – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنه شنش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tl%C4%81lol%C4%ABniliztli" title="Tlālolīniliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlālolīniliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarramute" title="Tarramute – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Tarramute" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdbeven" title="Eerdbeven – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eerdbeven" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eardbewing" title="Eardbewing – quyi sakson" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eardbewing" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="quyi sakson" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="भुईँचालो – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भुईँचालो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="भुखा – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भुखा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardbeving" title="Aardbeving – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardbeving" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordskjelv" title="Jordskjelv – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jordskjelv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordskjelv" title="Jordskjelv – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jordskjelv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9yah_ha%CA%BCd%C3%A9%C3%ADsn%C3%A1" title="Kéyah haʼdéísná – navaxo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéyah haʼdéísná" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rratrem" title="Tèrratrem – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèrratrem" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollannaa_lafaa" title="Hollannaa lafaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hollannaa lafaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA" title="ଭୂମିକମ୍ପ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭୂମିକମ୍ପ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਭੁਚਾਲ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੁਚਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teremoto" title="Teremoto – papiyamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Teremoto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiyamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trannerie_d%27t%C3%A8re" title="Trannerie d'tère – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Trannerie d'tère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi" title="Trzęsienie ziemi – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trzęsienie ziemi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بھونچال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھونچال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%96%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%87" title="رېږدله – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رېږدله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismo" title="Sismo – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacha_kuyuy" title="Pacha kuyuy – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pacha kuyuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terratrembel" title="Terratrembel – romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Terratrembel" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutremur" title="Cutremur – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cutremur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Землетрясение – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Землетрясение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Землетрясїня – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Землетрясїня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umutingito" title="Umutingito – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umutingito" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83" title="भूकम्पः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भूकम्पः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сир хамсааһына – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир хамсааһына" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremotu" title="Terremotu – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Terremotu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirrimotu" title="Tirrimotu – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tirrimotu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potres" title="Potres – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Potres" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1" title="භූචලන – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූචලන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Earthquake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemetrasenie" title="Zemetrasenie – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zemetrasenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potres" title="Potres – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Potres" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundengenyeka_kwenyika" title="Kundengenyeka kwenyika – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kundengenyeka kwenyika" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhulgariir" title="Dhulgariir – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhulgariir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABrmeti" title="Tërmeti – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tërmeti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Земљотрес – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Земљотрес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grontapubeyfi" title="Grontapubeyfi – sranan-tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Grontapubeyfi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan-tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lini" title="Lini – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lini" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordb%C3%A4vning" title="Jordbävning – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordbävning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetemeko_la_ardhi" title="Tetemeko la ardhi – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tetemeko la ardhi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzy%C5%84%C5%9By%C5%84y_%C5%BAymje" title="Trzyńśyńy źymje – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Trzyńśyńy źymje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ninel" title="ninel – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ninel" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நிலநடுக்கம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலநடுக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82" title="భూకంపం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూకంపం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Заминларза – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Заминларза" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7" title="แผ่นดินไหว – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แผ่นดินไหว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindol" title="Lindol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lindol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deprem" title="Deprem – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deprem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Җир тетрәү – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җир тетрәү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B4" title="يەر تەۋرەش – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەر تەۋرەش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Землетрус – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Землетрус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%81" title="زلزلہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زلزلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teramoto" title="Teramoto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Teramoto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manrehkaiduz" title="Manrehkaiduz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Manrehkaiduz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t" title="Động đất – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirdbevienge" title="Eirdbevienge – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eirdbevienge" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosmint_d%27_tere" title="Hosmint d' tere – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Hosmint d' tere" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linog" title="Linog – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Linog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地震" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyikima" title="Inyikima – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Inyikima" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="დიხაშნწალუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიხაშნწალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9" title="ערדציטערניש – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערדציטערניש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deihdoengh" title="Deihdoengh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Deihdoengh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地震" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="地震" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-t%C4%81ng" title="Tē-tāng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-tāng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地震" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7944#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zilzila" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Zilzila" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zilzila"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zilzila"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Zilzila" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Zilzila" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&oldid=5230574" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Zilzila&id=5230574&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZilzila"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZilzila"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zilzila&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Earthquake" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7944" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Zilzilalar_1963-98.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/thumb/a/a5/Zilzilalar_1963-98.png/250px-Zilzilalar_1963-98.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/thumb/a/a5/Zilzilalar_1963-98.png/375px-Zilzilalar_1963-98.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/uz/thumb/a/a5/Zilzilalar_1963-98.png/500px-Zilzilalar_1963-98.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>1963-1998-yillar orasida sodir boʻlgan zilzilalar.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zilzila</b>, <b>yer qimirlash</b> — <a href="/wiki/Yer_po%CA%BBsti" title="Yer poʻsti">Yer poʻstida</a> yoki <a href="/wiki/Yer_mantiyasi" title="Yer mantiyasi">mantiyaning</a> yuqori qismida toʻsatdan siljish, sinish yoki oʻpirilish roʻy berishi oqibatida vujudga keladigan va toʻlqinsimon tebranishlar tarzida uzoqlarga tarqaladigan yer osti silkinishlari va tebranishlari. Sabablariga koʻra, tektonik, vulqoniy va oʻpirilish zilzilalariga boʻlinadi. Yer poʻstining xar xil chuqurligida tabiiy kuchlar taʼsirida sodir boʻladigan silkinishlar tektonik zilzilalar deyiladi. Ular yer qaʼridagi harakat va jarayonlarning mahsuli boʻlib, bu jarayonlarning kinetik quvvat tarzida birdan (1 min.da) sarflanishi oqibatidir. Vulqoniy va oʻpirilish zilzilalari tabiatda juda kam sodir boʻladi; ular kuchi jixatidan tektonik zilzilalarning eng kuchsizi bilan tenglashadi. Yer sharida sodir boʻladigan zilzilalar soni yil davomida bir necha yuz mingga yetishi mumkin. Shulardan aksariyat koʻpchilik qismi seysmograflargina sezadigan kuchsiz zilzilalar boʻlib, odamlar sezadiganlari bir necha mingga yetadi. Xalq xoʻjaligiga zarar yetkazadigan zilzilalar esa bir necha oʻndan bir necha yuztagacha boʻlishi mumkin. Bir yil davomida sodir boʻlgan hamma zilzilalar natijasida taxminan 0,510" J kinetik quvvat ajralib chiqadi. Bu quvvat miqdori juda katta boʻlishiga qaramay, Yer qaʼrida sodir boʻladigan jarayonlardan ajralib chiqadigan umumiy quvvatning 0,5% inigina tashkil etadi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zilzila_haqida_umumiy_tushuncha">Zilzila haqida umumiy tushuncha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Zilzila haqida umumiy tushuncha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Zilzila haqida umumiy tushuncha"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zilzilalar yer sharining tektonik jihatdan eng faol boʻlgan togʻ tizmalari joylashgan hududlarda koʻproq boʻladi. Bu joylar geologik iborada yer yuzining belbogʻli (mintaqali) buzilish joylari deb yuritiladi. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg/250px-Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg/375px-Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg/500px-Global_plate_motion_2008-04-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Tektonik plitalar</figcaption></figure> <p>Yer sharining kuchli zilzilalar sodir boʻladigan mintaqalarini seysmik jihatdan faolligiga qarab ikkita asosiy hududga boʻlish mumkin; birinchisi, geografik kenglik yoʻnalishida Alp, Karpat, Kavkaz, Kopetdogʻ, Tyanshan, Pomir, Himolay, ikkinchisi, meridional yoʻnalishda — Tinch okeanining ikki qirgʻogʻi boʻyicha va qisman quruqlik mintaqasida joylashgan. Bunday seysmik faollashgan joylarga Janubiy Amerikadan Antarktidagacha, Yevropa va Osiyo qitʼasining shimoliy qismi, Markaziy va Gʻarbiy Afrika, Avstraliya va b. hududlar kiradi. Demak, Markaziy Osiyo uning seysmik jihatdan faol boʻlgan Kopetdogʻ, Tyanshan, Pomir togʻlari tufayli seysmik faol mintaqaga kiradi. </p><p>Yer poʻsti yoki yuqori mantiya qatlamidagi zilzila paydo boʻlgan maʼlum bir hajm zilzila oʻchogʻi, uning markazi deb hisoblangan nuqta esa gipotsentr, gipotsentrning yer yuzasidagi proyeksiyasi zilzila epitsentri deyiladi. Epitsentr va gipotsentr oraligʻidagi masofa zilzilaning yer yuzidan chuqurligini koʻrsatadi. Zilzila oʻchogʻi Oʻrta Osiyo hududida, aksariyat hollarda, Yer sathidan 5-50 km chuqurlikda joylashgan boʻladi. Yer sharining maʼlum hududlarida zilzilalar oʻchogʻi 200— 300, hatto 700 km gacha chuqurlikda boʻlishi ham mumkin. </p><p>Zilzila tufayli yer yuzidagi silkinishlar ballarda oʻlchanadi. Silkinishlar epitsentrda eng kuchli boʻlib, undan uzoqlashgan sari kuchi pasaya boradi. Epitsentr atrofidagi eng kuchli silkinishlarni belgilab, ular tutashgan chiziq ichidagi maydon (sath) pleystoseys hudud deyiladi. </p><p>Zilzila sodir boʻlganda uning oʻchogʻidan <b>boʻylama</b> va <b>koʻndalang</b> seysmik toʻlqinlar tarqaladi. Boʻylama toʻlqinlar R harfi (birinchi toʻlqin), koʻndalang toʻlqinlar S harfi (ikkinchi toʻlqin) bilan belgilanadi. Bulardan tashqari, yer yuzasida paydo boʻladigan yuza toʻlqinlar (L) mavjud. Mazkur toʻlqinlar asosiy hisoblansada, koʻndalang va boʻylama toʻlqinlar yer yuzasi hamda ichki qatlamalarida sinish va qaytarilish xususiyatiga egaligi sababli murakkab toʻlqinlar hosil boʻladi. Toʻlqinlar har xil tezlik bilan tarqaladi. Eng tez tarqaluvchi toʻlqin <b>boʻylama</b> toʻlqin boʻlib, muhitda taxminan bino ichidagi odamlarning koʻpchiligi sezadi. Uydagi jihozlar harakatga keladi. Bino va mebel tebranadi. Uyqudagilar uygʻonib ketadi. Hamma sezadi.Koʻpchilik tashqariga chiqishga oshiqadi, baʼzi buyumlar turgan yeridan tushib ketadi. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv/234px--20110311Houshu.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="234" height="221" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="20110311Houshu.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fayl:20110311Houshu.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv/20110311Houshu.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="508" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="710" data-height="672" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv/20110311Houshu.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="152" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv/20110311Houshu.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="254" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv/20110311Houshu.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="380" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/20110311Houshu.ogv/20110311Houshu.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="380" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tinch_okean" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinch okean">Tinch okeanida</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunami" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunami">tsunami</a> toʻqinlarining tarqalishi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaponiyadagi_zilzila_(2011)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaponiyadagi zilzila (2011) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yaponiyadagi zilzila (2011)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baʼzi uylarda suvoqlar koʻchib tushadi. Imoratlar shikastlanadi, gʻishtli devorlar yoriladi. Xom gʻisht va paxsadan qurilgan baʼzi uylar buziladi, togʻlarda baʼzan qoyalar koʻchadi. Imoratlar kuchli shikastlanadi, togʻlarda surilmalar yuz beradi. Gʻisht, betondan ishlangan uylar butunlay yoki qisman buziladi, yer osti quvurlari uziladi. Qoyalar qulab, tepaliklar suriladi, yerdagi yoriqlarning eni 10 sm gacha boradi. Yer yuzida katta (eni 1 m gacha) yoriqlar paydo boʻladi. Toʻgʻon va qirgʻoq dambalari ishdan chiqadi, temir yoʻllar bukiladi. Yangi koʻllar paydo boʻladi. Yer yuzida keng va chuqur jarliklar hosil boʻladi, yer vertikal va gorizontal yoʻnalishda silkinadi. Togʻlarda qoyalar agʻdariladi, koʻprik, toʻgʻon, temir yoʻllari butunlay buziladi. Yer qiyofasi, relyefi oʻzgaradi. Yer yuzi burmalanadi, baland qoyalar agʻdariladi, daryolar oʻzanini oʻzgartiradi. <i>Koʻndalang</i> toʻlqin esa oʻrtacha 5 km/s tezlikda, yuza toʻlqinlar esa eng sekin tezlikda tarqaladi. Qayd qilingan toʻlqinlarning yozuviga qarab zilzila epitsentridan stansiyagacha boʻlgan masofani aniqlash imkonini beradi. Shu maqsadda koʻndalang va boʻylama toʻlqinlar orasidagi vaqtning epitsentr uzoqligiga bogʻliqligi har xil hudud uchun oʻrganiladi. Bu bogʻliqlik chizma koʻrinishida boʻlib, u <b>godograf</b> deb yuritiladi va zilzila maʼlumotlarini ishlash va oʻrganishda muhim ahamiyatga ega boʻladi. Zilzila toʻlqinlarining umumiy quvvati <b>magnituda</b> (M) bilan belgilanadi. U shartli son boʻlib, yer sathidagi muhit zarralarining siljish amplitudasiga toʻgʻri keladi. Bu qiymat seysmik stansiyalar qayd qilgan yozuvlar — seysmogrammalardan aniqlanadi. „A“ harfi bilan belgilangan kattalik K = lg£ zilzilaning <b>quvvatlilik sinfi</b> deb ataladi. Masalan, magnitudasi 5 ga teng (M = 5) boʻlgan zilzila oʻchogʻidan 1012 J quvvat ajraladi, yaʼni K = 12. zilzila kuchini ifodalash uchun turli seysmik shkalalar taklif etilgan. Ulardan biri — 1917 yilda Xalqaro seysmik assotsiatsiya tomonidan qabul qilingan 12 balli Merkalli — Kankani — Ziberg shkalasi boʻlib, u hozirgacha bir qancha Yevropa mamlakatlarida qoʻllanadi. Ikkinchisi — AQSH da Vud va Nyumanlar tomonidan 1931 yilda Merkalli shkalasini bir oz mukammallashtirilgan 12 balli MM shkalasi qisoblanadi. Uchinchisi — Rossiyada S. V. Medvedev tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan 12 balli shkaladir. 1964-yil Parijda YUNESKO ning seysmologiya va seysmobardosh qurilish boʻyicha oʻtkazilgan davlatlararo yigʻilishida tavsiya etilgan MSHK=1964 12balli shkala S. V. Medvedev (Moskva), V. Shponxoyer (Iyena, <a href="/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya">Germaniya</a>) va V. Karniklar (Praga) tomonidan tuzilgan. Zilzila kuchini aniqlashning juda koʻp usullari va belgilari bor. Pekin zilzilaning yer yuzida namoyon boʻlishi ballarda aniqlanganligi bilan zilzilaning aniq, quvvatini ballar ifodalamaydi. Shuning uchun zilzilaning haqiqiy kuchini koʻrsatuvchi oʻlcham — magnituda hisoblanadi. Magnituda 1940y.lar boshlarida amerikalik tadqiqotchilar Ch. Rixter va B. Gutenberglar tomonidan kiritilgan va quyidagicha ifodalanadi:<br /> M = \gA, mkm + 1,32 lgX, km.<br /> Bu yerda: A — seysmik toʻlqin amplitudasi yoki mkm surilishi, X — seysmograf joylashgan yerdan zilzila epitsentrigacha boʻlgan masofa. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Fault_types.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Fault_types.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="360" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Xalqaro maʼlumotlarda zilzila kuchi magnituda orqali Rixter shkalasida beriladi. Eng kuchli zilzilaning magnitudasi 9 gacha yetishi mumkin. Zilzila quvvati (Ye) Joulda oʻlchanadi. Zilzila quvvati bilan magnitudasi oʻrtasida bogʻlanish quyidagicha ifodalanadi: \gE — aM + V. Zilzilaning yer yuzida bir xil kuch bilan namoyon boʻlgan nuqtalarini tutashtiruvchi chiziqqa <b>izoseysta</b> chizigʻi, zilzila kuchining hududda tarqalishini koʻrsatuvchi izoseystalar toʻplamiga izoseystalar xaritasi deyiladi. </p><p>Yer qaʼridagi tektonik, harakatlar faollashgan qismi va uning tevarak atrofida fizikaviy va kimyoviy jarayonlar ham faollashadi. Jumladan, togʻ jinslarining zichligi, elektr oʻtkazuvchanligi, magnitik xossalari, elektromagnit toʻlqinlar tarqatish xususiyati, yer sathining vertikal va gorizontal holati kabilar oʻzgarishi mumkin. Mazkur hududlarda mavjud boʻlgan burgʻi quduqlari orqali olinayotgan neft, gaz, suv miqdori keskin oʻzgarishi, yer osti suvlarining kimyoviy tarkibi, mikroelementlar, gazlar miqdori ham oʻzgaradi. Ushbu sanab oʻtilganlar zilzila sodir boʻlishi arafasida keskin va koʻp miqdorda oʻzgarib, zilzilaning darakchilari sifatida qaralishi mumkin. Ular zilzilalarni oldindan aytib berish muammosini hal qilishda juda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Bu borada Yer sharining seysmik jihatdan faol boʻlgan barcha hududlarida koʻp yillik halqaro va milliy dasturlar asosida toʻxtovsiz izlanishlar olib borilayapti. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg/300px-Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg/450px-Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg/600px-Kluft-photo-Carrizo-Plain-Nov-2007-Img_0327.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>San Andreas Lomaning aerotasviri, Los Anjeles</figcaption></figure> <p>1966-yil 26-aprelda Toshkentda yuz bergan zilziladan soʻng sobiq Ittifoqda birinchi boʻlib Oʻzbekiston FA tarkibida 1966-yil oktabr oyida <b>Seysmologiya instituti</b> tashkil qilindi. Institutning asosiy ilmiy yoʻnalishlaridan biri zilzilalarning tabiatini, u sodir boʻladigan muhit xususiyatlarini, zilzilalarning darakchilarini oʻrganish va uni bashorat (prognoz) qilish usullarining nazariy asoslarini yaratish deb belgilanadi. Zilzilani bashorat qilish borasida Oʻzbekistonda muhim natijalarga erishildi. Jumladan, kuchli zilzilalarni bashorat qilish boʻyicha ishonchli va istiqbolli yangi usullar yaratildi, ularning nazariy va amaliy asoslari ishlab chiqildi. Bu usullar majmuini qoʻllash asosida Oʻzbekiston hududi va yon atrofdagi hududlarda boʻlib oʻtgan bir necha kuchli zilzilalarni oldindan aytishga muvaffaq boʻlindi. Masalan, 1976-yil 17-maydagi Gazli, 1978-yil 1-noyabrdagi Olay, 1984-yil 18-fevraldagi Pop zilzilalari oldindan aytilgan. </p><p>Yer yuzida roʻy bergan kuchli zilzilalar jumlasiga Lissabon (1755), Kaliforniya (1906), Ashxobod (1948), Chili (1960), Tokio (1923), Xitoy (1976), Spitak (Armaniston, 1988), Zaysan (Qozogʻiston, 1990), Suusamir (Qirgʻiziston, 1922) lar va Oʻzbekiston qududida esa — 838—839-yillarda Fargʻonada, 942-yilda Buxoroda, 1208—1209-yillarda Urganchda, 1490-yilda Samarqandda, 1494-yilda Namanganda, 1620-yilda Axsikentda, 1902-yilda Andijonda, 1921 — 1922-yillarda Buxoro va Samarqand yaqinida, 1927-yilda Namanganda, 1868, 1924, 1938, 1966-yillarda Toshkentda, 1976, 1984-yillarda Gazlida boʻlgan zilzilalarni kiritish mumkin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zilzilaning_yuzaga_kelish_sabablari">Zilzilaning yuzaga kelish sabablari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Zilzilaning yuzaga kelish sabablari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Zilzilaning yuzaga kelish sabablari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg/300px-Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg/450px-Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg/600px-Kinemetrics_seismograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seysmograf" title="Seysmograf">Seysmograf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Yer silkinishi yuzaga kelish sabablariga koʻra quyidagi guruhlarga boʻlinadi: </p> <ul><li>Tektonik zilzilalar;</li> <li>Vulqon zilzilalari;</li> <li>Agʻdarilish, oʻpirilish zilzilalari;</li> <li>Texnogen (insonning muhandislik faoliyati bilan bogʻliq) zilzilalar.</li></ul> <p>Yuqorida qayd etilgan yer silkinishi turlari ichida katta maydonga tarqaladigani va eng ko'p talofat keltiradigani <b>tektonik</b> yer silkinishidir. Bunday yer silkinishlar haqida gap ketganda litosfera oʻramlarida boʻladigan harakat (tektonik kuchlar) tushuniladi. Qiya sathlarida togʻ jinslarining katta bo'laklarini agʻdarilishi, yoki tog'larning oʻpirilishi natijasida yuzaga keluvchi yer silkinishlar agʻdarilish zilzilalari deyiladi. Bu yer silkinishining tarqalish maydoni kichik, koʻp hollarda talofatsiz boʻladi. <br /> </p><p>Vulqon jarayoni, yaʼni yer ostidagi magmani vulqon kanali orqali yer yuzasiga chiqishi bilan bogʻlik boʻlgan yer silkinishiga vulqonli yer silkinishi deyiladi.Bunday yer silkinishi vulqonning faollashishi bilan bogʻliq boʻlgani sababli aksariyat koʻp hollarda ular aniq bashorat qilinadi.Shuning uchun uning keltiradigan talofati deyarli kuchli boʻlmaydi. </p><p>Insonning muxandislik faoliyati bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan yer silkinishlar asosan oxirgi yillarda hisobga olinmoqda.Bunday yer silkinish yirik suv omborlari vujudga kelgan hududlarda, gaz, neft mahsulotlarining yer ostidan surib olinishi jarayoni amalga oshirilgan maydonlarda yuz bermoqda. Inson oʻzining muxandislik faoliyati bilan yer osti komponentlariga muayyan taʼsir etishi, u yoki bu darajada oʻzgartirishi yer silkinishining vujudga kelishiga sabab boʻlmoqda. Daryo vodiylariga toʻgʻonlarning qurilishi natijasida maydoni bir necha ming km<sup>2</sup>, hajmi bir necha yuz km3 dan katta boʻlgan (masalan, Chorvoq suv omborining umumiy hajmi 2,1 mld. m3, suv sathi maydoni 3640 ga teng) suv omborlari vujudga kelmoqda. Yer qaʼrida 4000-5000 m chuqurlikda yotgan gaz, neft yer sathiga soʻrib chiqarilmoqda, yer ostida uzoq geologik davrlar mobaynida yotgan koʻmir ana shu yer qaʼrida yondirilib gazga aylantirib olinmoqda. Vaqtincha saqlash maqsadida baʼzan yer osti gʻorlariga, xandaklariga va togʻ jinslari gʻovaklariga gaz, neft mahsulotlari yuqori bosim ostida kiritilmoqda, juda katta miqdordagi mineral suvlar yer ostidan chiqarib olinmoqda. Yer qaʼrining odamlar taʼsir etish joylarida yigʻilayotgan energiya miqdorining u yoki bu darajada oshishi yoki kamayishi oqibatida sodir boʻlgan yer silkinishlari Hindiston, AQSH, Oʻzbekistonda kuzatilganligi fandan maʼlum. Jumladan, Chorvoq suv ombori qurilib boʻlingandan keyin bu hududda bir necha marta yer silkinishlar boʻlib oʻtgan. Tekshirishlarning koʻrsatishicha, bu yer silkinishlar oʻzlarining tayyorlanish, sodir boʻlish mexanizmlari bilan Chorvoq suv omboriga yigʻilgan suvning miqdori va yigʻilgan suvni suv omboridan chiqarilish tezligi bilan bogʻliq holda yuz berishi kuzatilgan. Bunga birinchidan, suv omborining 2,1 milliard m<sup>3</sup> dan ortiq suv bilan toʻlatilishi jarayonida, ombor tubida yotuvchi togʻ jinslarining siqilishi va taranglashishi oqibatida yuz beradigan mikrosiniqlar, darz ketishlar va ularning nisbiy harakati sabab boʻlsa, ikkinchidan, suvni suv omboridan bir meʼyorida chiqarilmasligi va togʻ jinslariga taʼsir qiluvchi kuchlarning nomutanosib xolatda boʻshatilishi, oʻzgarishi sabab boʻlgan. Respublikamizning harbiy hududida 1976, 1984-yillarda yuz bergan 8-10 balli Gazlidagi yer silkinishlarini baʼzi olimlar ana shu hududdagi mavjud gaz konlari va ulardan gazni surib olish jarayoni bilan bogʻlashadi. 1976-yildagi Gazli yer silkinishining gipotsentri (zilzila oʻchogi, litosferaning maʼlum chuqurlikdagi togʻ jinslari qatlamlarining uzilishi, surilish joyi) yer qobigʻining 5-25 km chuqur oraligʻida, 1984-yilgi yer silkinishida esa 50-200 km oraligʻida joylashgan. Yer silkinish hodisasini vujudga keltiruvchi energiyaning yigʻilishi, sarflanish darajasi silkinish hududlaridan surib olingan gazning miqdori, yer qaʼri togʻ jinsi qatlamlariga tushayotgan tabiiy bosimning mutanosibligini maʼlum darajada buzilganligi oqibati zilzilaning sodir boʻlish vaqtini tezlashtiradi.<br /> </p><p>Zilzila turlaridan eng xavflisi (talofatlisi) tektonik zilzila hisoblanadi. Maʼlumki, har yili sayyoramizda 100000 dan ortiq yer silkinishlarini seysmik asboblar (seysmograflar) qayd etadi. Bulardan 100 tasi vayron qiluvchi fojia boʻlib, imorat va inshootlarning buzilishiga, yer yuzasida yoriqlarning paydo boʻlishiga, ming-minglab insonlar yostigʻining qurishiga olib keladi. <br /> </p><p>Yer silkinish oʻchogʻi gipotsentrning joylashgan chuqurligi boʻyicha:<br /> </p> <ol><li>yuza — 70 km.gacha</li> <li>oʻrta — 70-300 km.</li> <li>chuqur — 300 km.dan pastda „mantiya“ qatlamida vujudga keladigan xillarini ajratish mumkin.<br /></li></ol> <p>Respublikamizda kuzatiladigan zilzilalarning oʻchogʻi asosan 70 km.gacha chuqurliklarda joylashganligi qayd etilgan. Mantiyadagi katta bosim yoki portlashlar tufayli zilzila oʻchogʻi vujudga keladi, natijada katta kuchlanishlar paydo boʻladi, bular oʻz navbatida yerning ustki qatlamini tebranishiga olib keladi. Gipotsentrdan hamma tarafga, qaytar seysmik toʻlqinlar tarqaladi, ular asosan, <b>boylama</b> va <b>koʻndalang</b> turlariga boʻlinadi.Yer ostidan uzunasiga tarqalayotgan (vertikal tarzda) toʻlqinlar oʻz yoʻnalishi buyicha navbatma-navbat yer poʻstlogʻini siqib, yer yuzasiga chiqqanda tovush chiqaradi. Bu esa yer silkinishi oldidan chiqadigan tovushning oʻzginasidir. Koʻndalang toʻlqinlar (gorizontal) yer yuzasiga chiqib, zilzila toʻlqinlarini vujudga keltiradi va epitsentrdan barcha taraflarga tarqaladi. Kuchli yer silkinishi oqibatida yerning yaxlitligi, butunligi oʻzgaradi, inshootlar, jihozlar buziladi, kommunal-energetik qismlar ishdan chiqishi, insonlar oʻlimi yuz beradi. Yer silkinishi koʻpchilik hollarda maʼlum intensivlikda chiqadigan tovush bilan yuz beradi va uning past-balandligi yer qimirlashning kuchiga bogʻliq.<br /> </p><p>Yer qimirlashning asosiy koʻrsatkichlari quyidagilardan iborat: yer silkinish oʻchogʻining chuqurligi, silkinish amplitudasi va yer silkinishining intensiv energiyasi. <br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zilzila_kuchi">Zilzila kuchi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Zilzila kuchi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Zilzila kuchi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yer silkinish kuchiga qarab shartli ravishda quyidagi holatlar kuzatiladi: <br /> </p> <ul><li>1 ball — sezilarsiz, faqatgina seysmik asboblar qayd qiladi;</li> <li>2 ball — juda kuchsiz, uy ichida utirgan baʼzi odamlar sezishi mumkin (deraza oynalari titraydi);</li> <li>3 ball — kuchsiz, kupchilik odamlar sezmaydi, ochiq joyda tinch oʻtirgan odam sezishi mumkin. Osilgan jismlar asta-sekin tebranadi;</li> <li>4 ball — oʻrtacha sezilarli. Ochiq joyda, bino ichida turgan odamlar sezadi. Uy devorlari qirsillaydi. Roʻzgʻor anjomlari titraydi, osilgan jismlar tebranadi;</li> <li>5 ball — ancha kuchli. Hamma sezadi, uyqudagi odam uygʻonadi, baʼzi odamlar hovliga yugurib chiqadi. Idishlardagi suyuqlik chayqalib toʻkiladi, osilgan uy jihozlari qattiq tebranadi;</li> <li>6 ball - kuchli. Hamma sezadi, uyqudagi odam uygʻonadi, koʻpchilik odamlar hovliga yugurib chiqadi. Uy hayvonlari betoqat boʻladi. Baʼzi hollarda kitob javonidagi kitoblar, roʻzgʻor buyumlari javonlaridagi idishlar agʻdarilib tushadi;</li> <li>7 ball - juda kuchli. Koʻpchilik odamlarni qoʻrquv bosadi, koʻchaga yugurib chiqadi, avtomobil haydovchilari harakat vaqtida ham sezadi, uy devorlarida katta-katta yoriqlar paydo boʻladi, Hovuzlardagi suv chayqaladi va loyqalanadi.</li> <li>8 ball - yemiruvchi. Xom g'ishtdan qurilgan imoratlar butunlay vayronaga aylanadi, ancha pishiq qilib qurilgan imoratlarda ham yoriqlar paydo boʻladi, uy tepasidagi moʻrilar yiqiladi, baʼzi daraxtlar butun tanasi bilan yiqiladi, sinadi, togʻliq joylarda qulash, surilish hodisalari yuz beradi.</li> <li>9 ball - vayron qiluvchi. Yer qimirlashiga bardosh beradigan qilib qurilgan imorat va inshootlar ham qattiq shikastlanadi. Oddiy imoratlar butunlay vayron boʻladi, yer yuzasida yoriqlar paydo boʻladi, yer osti suvlari sizib chiqishi mumkin.</li> <li>10 ball - yakson qiluvchi. Hamma imoratlar yakson boʻladi. Temiryoʻl izlari toʻlqinsimon shaklga kelib bir tomonga qarab egilib qoladi, yer osti kommunal quvurlari uzilib ketadi, choʻkish hodisalari yuz beradi. Suv havzalari toʻlqinlanib qirgʻoqqa uriladi, qoyali yon bagʻrlarda katta-katta surilish hodisalari sodir boʻladi.</li> <li>11 ball - fojiali. Hamma imoratlar deyarlik vayron boʻladi, toʻgʻonlar yorilib ketadi, temir yoʻllar butunlay ishdan chiqadi, yerning ustki qismida katta-katta yoriqlar paydo boʻladi, yer ostidan balchiqlar koʻtarilib chiqadi, surilish, qulash hodisalari nihoyasiga yetadi.</li> <li>12 ball - oʻta fojiali. Yerning ustki qismida katta oʻzgarishlar yuz beradi. Hamma imoratlar butunlay vayron boʻladi, daryolarning oʻzani oʻzgarib sharsharalar paydo boʻladi, tabiiy toʻgʻonlar vujudga keladi.<br /><br /></li></ul> <p>MDH hududining 20% ga yaqin yeri seysmik faol mintaqa hisoblanib, bunday hududlarga asosan togʻli hududlar, Kavkaz orti, Shimoliy Kavkaz, Karpat boʻyi, Janubiy Qrim, Moldaviya, Primor’e, Saxalin, Kamchatka, Kuril orollari, Turkmaniston va Oʻrta Osiyoning torli oʻlkalari kiradi. </p><p><b>Yer silkinishining baʼzi koʻrsatkichlari:</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rixter boʻyicha (magnituda) </th> <th>Dunyo bo'yicha 1 yilda yer silkinishning o’rtacha soni </th> <th>Yerning silkinish muddati, soniya </th> <th>Kuchli yer silkinishning taʼsir etgan radiusi, km </th></tr> <tr> <td>8,0-8,9</td> <td>1</td> <td>30-90</td> <td>80-160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7,0-7,9</td> <td>15</td> <td>20-50</td> <td>50-120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6,0-6,9</td> <td>140</td> <td>10-30</td> <td>20-80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5,0-5,9</td> <td>900</td> <td>2-15</td> <td>5-30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4,0-4,9</td> <td>8000</td> <td>0-5</td> <td>0-15 </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zilzilar_tarixi">Zilzilar tarixi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Zilzilar tarixi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Zilzilar tarixi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg/250px-Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg/375px-Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg/500px-Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Zilzila oqibatlari, <a href="/wiki/San-Fransisko" class="mw-redirect" title="San-Fransisko">San-Fransisko</a>, <a href="/wiki/AQSh" class="mw-redirect" title="AQSh">AQSh</a>, <a href="/wiki/1906-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1906-yil">1906-yil</a><br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg/250px-Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg/375px-Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg/500px-Pictures_from_bus_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Suvosti zilzilasi oqibatlari</figcaption></figure><br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg/250px-Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg/375px-Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg/500px-Chuetsu_earthquake-earthquake_liquefaction1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1857" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>Yaponiyadagi zilzila oqibati, yoʻl yorigʻi</figcaption></figure></figcaption></figure><p><br /> </p><p>Yer silkinishida katta moddiy yoʻqotish hamda minglab odamlar oʻlimi yuz beradi. Masalan, 1990-yilda Erondagi 8 balli yer qimirlashi oqibatida 50 ming odam oʻlib, 1 mln.ga yaqin odamlar esa, qon yoʻqotib, jarohatolganlar. Xuddi shunday holat 1988-yil 7-dekabrda Armanistondagi yer qimirlashida ham kuzatildi. U yerda juda katta kuch bilan (10,5 ball) yer silkinishining oqibatda 25 ming odam oʻlgan. Bunda 8 mln. kv.m uy joy yoʻq boʻlib ketgan, 514 ming kishi boshpanasiz qolgan. Yer ostida qolganlardan 15250 kishi qutqarilgan. Yer silkinish 4 ta katta shaharlarni, Leninakan, Kirovokan, Spitak va Stepanavan hamda 58 ta yashash punktlarini oʻz ichiga olgan. Shulardan 1500 ta qishloq vayron boʻlgan, 12 ta shahar shikastlangan, ulardan 3 tasi batamom yoʻq boʻlib ketgan. Bulardan tashqari, sanoat va qishloq xoʻjaligi korxonalari deyarli izdan chiqqan, avtomobil va temiryoʻllarning koʻp qismi, aloqa, koʻpriklar yaroqsiz holga kelgan. Bu tabiiy ofat munosabati bilan dunyoning turli burchaklaridan, jumladan, Oʻzbekistondan ham yordam kuchlari kelib, u yerdagi jabrlangan xalqqa moddiy va maʼnaviy yordam koʻrsatilgan. Shuningdek, fuqarolar mudofaasi organlari (sobiq ittifoq, mudofaa vazirligiga qarashli) tomonidan 23000 dan koʻp kishilar safarbar etilib, ular xizmatida 3000 dan ortiq turli xildagi texnikalar ishtirok etgan. Juda katta miqyosdagi tabobat xizmati armiyasi ham yordam koʻrsatdi. Hattoki yer ostida, inshootlar tagida qolgan odamlarni chiqarish uchun chet ellar — Angliya, <a href="/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya">Fransiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shveysariya" title="Shveysariya">Shveysariya</a> va boshqa davlatlardan mutaxassislar kelib yordam berganlar. Xuddi shunga oʻxshash holat 1966-yildagi Toshkent zilzilasida ham kuzatilgan. Unda 8 balli silkinish sodir boʻlib, imoratlarga, katta qurilishlarga ziyon yetgan. Silkinishlar bir necha kungacha vaqti-vaqti bilan takrorlanib turgan. Buning oqibatida 78 ming oila boshpanasiz qolgan, 2 mln. kvadrat metr yerdagi turar joylar 7600 oʻrinli maktablar, 2400 oʻrinli maktabgacha tarbiya muassasalari ishdan chiqqan, 690 savdo va 84 turli korxona idoralari ziyon koʻrgan. Oʻsha vaqtda moddiy zarar miqdori xech qayerda yozilmagan edi. <br /> </p><p><big><b>Gyandja zilzilasi</b></big> <b>Gyandja zilzilasi</b> — hozirgi <a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon" title="Ozarbayjon">Ozarbayjon</a> hududining Gyandja shahri yaqinidagi 1139-yili 30-sentabr kuni boʻlgan 11 ballik zilziladir. Oqibatda 230 ming kishi halok boʻldi, 8 ta koʻl hosil boʻldi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Geygel_ko%27li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geygel ko'li (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Geygel ko'li</a>). Bu zilzila tarixdagi eng falokatli 5 zilzilalar toifasiga kiradi.<br /> </p><p><big><b>Buyuk Xitoy zilzilasi</b></big> <b>Buyuk Xitoy zilzilasi</b> (xit. 嘉靖大地震) — Shensi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsiyasida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsiyasida (sahifa yaratilmagan)">provinsiyasida</a> 1556-yil 23-yanvar kuni sodir boʻlgan. Salkam 830 000 kishi halok boʻldi. Epetsentr Vey daryosi vodiysida boʻlib, Xuasyane shahri butkul yoʻq boʻldi. 20 mlik yoriqlar paydo boʻldi, 500 kmlik hududga zilzila taʼsir koʻrsatdi. Zilziladan soʻng ancha vaqt <a href="/wiki/Aftershok" title="Aftershok">aftershok</a> holati kuzatildi.<br /> </p><p><big><b>Yamayka zilzilasi</b></big> 1692-yilning 7-iyun kuni tahminan 11:43 da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port-Royal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port-Royal (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Port-Royal</a> shahrida sodir boʻlgan. 2 ming kishi tsunami oqibatida, 3 ming kishi tarqalgan kasallik va jarohatlar oqibatida halok boʻldi.<br /> </p><p><big><b>Ulugʻ Sitsiliya zilzilasi</b></big> Sitsiliya tarixidagi eng kuchli zilziladir, 1693-yil <a href="/wiki/Etna" title="Etna">Etna</a> vulqoni otilishi ortidan sodir boʻldi. 60-100 ming kishigacha insonlar halok boʻldi. Shundan soʻng arxetikturaning barokko uslubining yangi koʻrinishi „sitsiliya barokko“si yaraldi.<br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Comerio,_Luca_(1878-1940)_-_Vittime_del_terremoto_di_Messina_(dicembre_1908).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Comerio%2C_Luca_%281878-1940%29_-_Vittime_del_terremoto_di_Messina_%28dicembre_1908%29.jpg/350px-Comerio%2C_Luca_%281878-1940%29_-_Vittime_del_terremoto_di_Messina_%28dicembre_1908%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Comerio%2C_Luca_%281878-1940%29_-_Vittime_del_terremoto_di_Messina_%28dicembre_1908%29.jpg/525px-Comerio%2C_Luca_%281878-1940%29_-_Vittime_del_terremoto_di_Messina_%28dicembre_1908%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Comerio%2C_Luca_%281878-1940%29_-_Vittime_del_terremoto_di_Messina_%28dicembre_1908%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Messina zilzilasi</figcaption></figure> <p><big><b>Messina zilzilasi</b></big> <b>Messina zilzilasi</b> (ital. Terremoto di Messina) 1908-yil 28-dekabr kuni soat 5:20 da Sitsiliya va Appenin yarimoroli oʻrtasida 7.8 magnitudada sodir boʻldi. 3 m lik tsunami yuzaga keldi. Halok boʻlganlar soni turli maʼlumotlarga koʻra 200 minggacha boʻlgan.<br /> </p><p><big><b>Ashxabod zilzilasi</b></big> Rixter shkalasi boʻyicha 7.3 ballik zilzila 1948-yil 6-oktabr kuni mahalliy vaqt boʻyicha 02:17 da sodir boʻldi. Zilzila Oʻchogʻi Ashxabod shahrining ostida 18 km chuqurlikda joylashgan edi. Markazda MSK-64 shkalasi boʻyicha tebranishlar 9-10 balgacha yetgan. Shahar toʻliq buzildi, 35 ming kishi vafot etdi.<br /> </p><p><big><b>Toshkent zilzilasi</b></big> </p> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshkent_zilzilalari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toshkent zilzilalari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Toshkent zilzilalari</a></div> <p>1966-yil 26-aprel soat 5 dan 22 minut 52 sekund oʻtganda Toshkentda qattiq yer qimirlash roʻy berdi. Zilziladan avval kuchli portlashdagi kabi tovush eshitilib, shahar chekkasida shafaq koʻrindi. Ilmiy tekshirishlarning natijalariga koʻra, shafaqning kelib chiqishiga sabab, yer ostida yigʻilgan tektonik kuchlanishning yer yuzasiga chiqishi vaqtida elektr energiyasiga aylanishidir. Zilzila oʻchogʻi 5-10 km chuqurlikda joylashgan. Zilzila energiyasi 1014 joulga yaqin, epitsentrda uning kuchi 8 ballga yetgan. Zilzila markazi (Qashqar mahallasi va Labzak oʻrnida) vertikal zarblar kuchining magnitudasi (M) 5,3 ga, silkinish 8 balldan ziyod, maksimal vayronalik zonasi 10-12 km<sup>2</sup> ga teng boʻlgan. Zilzila oʻchogʻi choʻziqroq shaklda boʻlib, shimoli-gʻarbdan janubi-sharqqa yoʻnalgan. Zilzila natijasida atrofga seysmik toʻlqinlarning soʻnib borishi natijasida 8, 7, 6 balli maydonlar ajratilgan. Yerning 2-3 Gs chastotada tebranishi 10-12 daqiqa davom etdi. 9-maydan 10-mayga oʻtar kechasi, 24-may va 5-iyunda kuchli (6-7 ball) silkinishlar takrorlangan. Zilzila natijasida 2 mln. m2 dan ziyod turar joy, 236 maʼmuriy bino, 700 ga yaqin savdo va umumiy ovqatlanish shoxobchalari, 26 kommunal xoʻjalik korxonasi, 180 ga yaqin oʻquv yurti, 8 ming oʻrinli maktablar, 36 madaniy-maishiy muassasa, 185 tibbiyot va 245 sanoat korxonasi binolari zarar koʻrdi, 78 ming oila yoki 300 ming kishi boshpanasiz qoldi, qurbonlar boʻldi. Asosiy tebranish 1966-68-yillar mobaynida bir qancha aftershoklar bilan davom etdi. Markaziy seysmik stansiya birinchi kuchli zarbadan soʻng silkinishlarning 2500 dan ortiq takrorlanganini qayd qildi. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:2004-tsunami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2004-tsunami.jpg/250px-2004-tsunami.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2004-tsunami.jpg/375px-2004-tsunami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2004-tsunami.jpg/500px-2004-tsunami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Zilzila ortidan paydo boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Sunami" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunami">tsunami</a></figcaption></figure> <p><big><b>Yaponiya zilzilasi (2011)</b></big> Xonsyu orolining sharqiy qirgʻogʻidagi zilzila, yoki <b>Buyuk sharqiy yapon zilzilasi</b> (yap. 東日本大震災 Higasi Nixon daysinsay) 2011-yilning 11-mart kuni mahalliy vaqt bilan soat 14:46 da (<a href="/w/index.php?title=UTS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTS (sahifa yaratilmagan)">UTS</a> 5:46) 9.0-9.1 magnitudali zilziladir. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giposentr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giposentr (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Giposentr</a> <a href="/wiki/Tinch_okean" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinch okean">Tinch okeanining</a> 35 km chuqurligida joylashgan edi. Zilzila ortidan <a href="/wiki/Sunami" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunami">sunami</a> keldi va zilziladan 69 daqiqa oʻtgandan soʻng sunami <a href="/wiki/Senday" title="Senday">Senday</a> suvga gʻarq qildi. <br /> Bu <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a> tarixidagi eng kuchli, dunyo tarixidagi eng kuchli zilzilalar qatorida yettinchi, turli baholarga koʻra 6, 5 yoki 4 oʻrinda turadi. Halok boʻlganlar soni boʻyicha esa Yaponiyada 1896, 1923-yilgi zilzilalardan ortda qoladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imoratlarga,_inshootlarga_yer_silkinishining_taʼsiri_va_xususiyatlari"><span id="Imoratlarga.2C_inshootlarga_yer_silkinishining_ta.CA.BCsiri_va_xususiyatlari"></span>Imoratlarga, inshootlarga yer silkinishining taʼsiri va xususiyatlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Imoratlarga, inshootlarga yer silkinishining taʼsiri va xususiyatlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Imoratlarga, inshootlarga yer silkinishining taʼsiri va xususiyatlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inshootlar koʻradigan talafotlariga ko'ra quyidagicha tasniflanadi: <br /> </p> <ul><li>1-darajali talafot. Bunda yengil shikastlanish yuz beradi.</li> <li>2-darajali talafot. Ogʻir boʻlmagan shikastlanish sodir etiladi, devorlarda katta boʻlmagan yoriqlar paydo boʻladi.</li> <li>3-darajali talafot. inshootlarning ogʻir shikastlanishi yuz beradi, devorlarda katta va chuqur yoriqlar paydo boʻladi.</li> <li>4-darajali talafot. Imorat va inshootlar ichki devorlarining toʻliq buzilishi yuz beradi.</li> <li>5-darajali talafot. Imorat va inshootlar toʻliq, buzilishi sodir boʻladi.</li></ul> <p>Imorat va inshootlarning konstruksiyasi va qurilish materiallariga qarab quyidagicha tasniflanadi:<br /> </p> <ul><li>A guruh — xom gʻisht, paxsa devorli imoratlar;</li> <li>B guruh — pishiq gʻishtdan qurilgan inshootlar;</li> <li>C guruh-temirbeton, sinchli va yoyuchdan qurilgan inshootlar.</li></ul> <p>Yuqoridagilarni hisobga olgan holda davlat standarti tomonidan imoratlar guruhining har bir ballda koʻradigan talofat darajalari qonunlashtirib qoʻyilgan. Jumladan:<br /> </p> <ul><li>6 ball — yer silkinish jarayonida A guruhga mansub inshootlar 2-darajali talofat, B guruhi inshootlari 1-darajali talofat koʻradi.</li> <li>7 ball — A guruhidagi inshootlar 3-darajali talofat koʻradi.</li> <li>8 ball - A guruhidagi inshootlar 5-darajali, B guruhidagi inshootlar ham 3,4-darajali, V guruhidagi inshootlar 2-darajali talofat koʻradi.</li> <li>9 ball — B guruhidagi inshootlar 4-darajali, shuningdek, V guruhidagi inshootlar ham 4-darajali talofat koʻradi.</li> <li>10 ball - B guruhidagi inshootlar 5-darajali, V guruhidagi inshootlar 4-darajali talofat koʻradi.</li> <li>11 ball — B guruhidagi inshootlar toʻliq qulaydi togʻ jinslarining tik va gorizontal yoʻnalishdagi harakati kuzatiladi.</li> <li>12 ball — amalda yer yuzasida tik inshoot qolmaydi.</li></ul> <p>Yer silkinishi keltiradigan talafot inshootning turiga, konstruksiyasiga bogʻliq boʻlishi bilan bir qatorda, qurilish maydonlarining muhandis-geologik sharoitiga, yaʼni togʻ jinsliri turlarining mustahkamlik darajasiga, hossa va hususiyatlariga bogʻliq. Masalan, 1966 yili Toshkent shahrida boʻlgan silkinish natijasida shaharning yer osti suvlari satxi yer yuzasiga yaqin boʻlgan pastqam joylarga joylashgan imoratlar kuchli talafot koʻrdi. Shundan keyin 1966-yili shahar xududida qayta muhandis-geologik xaritalash ishlari oʻtkazilib, shahar markazi tuproq sharoiti nuqtai nazaridan 9 ballik mintaqaga oʻtkazildi. Bu degan soʻz, 9 ballik mintaqada quriladigan inshootlar konstruksiyasiga va usuliga maʼlum talablar qoʻyish va ularni bajarishni talab qiladi. <br /> </p><p>Seysmoaktiv hududlarda qurilish ishlarini olib borishda davlat tomonidan tasdiqlangan qonun-qoidalarga, talablarga rioya qilinmogʻi zarur. Yaʼni shahar qurilishida imoratlarning balandligiga va shakliga katta talablar qoʻyiladi, ular quyidagilardan iborat: <br /> </p> <ul><li>Shahar hududida katta-katta ochiq maydonlarning boʻlishi, yaʼni silkinish sodir boʻlgan taqdirda va undan keyin odamlarning yashashi uchun yengil qurilmalar qurish uchun xavfsiz joy zarur;</li> <li>Suv havzalarining boʻlishi, yaʼni zilzila vaqtida chiqishi mumkin boʻlgan yongʻinlarni oʻchirish maqsadida foydalanish uchun suv zaxirasiga ega boʻlish;</li> <li>Inshootlar orasidagi masofa, inshoot balandligidan 1,5 marta uzoq boʻlishi, chunki imorat talofat koʻrganda bir-biriga taʼsir qilmasligi kerak.</li></ul> <p>Inshootlar yer silkinishiga bardosh berish xususiyatiga koʻra 3 guruhga boʻlinadi: </p> <ol><li>A — 7 ballgacha chidaydigan kuchsiz seysmochidamli uylar. Bunga tuproqdan, gʻishtdan qurilgan uylar kiradi.</li> <li>B — 8 ballgacha chidaydigan uylar. Bu xildagi uylar har xil yogʻoch karkaslardan tayyorlanadi (sinchli uylar).</li> <li>C — 9 ballgacha chidaydigan seysmochidamli uylar. Bu xildagi uylarga katta metall karkaslardan tayyorlanadigan, temirbeton konstruksiyalardan qurilgan inshootlar kiradi.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yer_silkinish_oqibatlarini_tugatish">Yer silkinish oqibatlarini tugatish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yer silkinish oqibatlarini tugatish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Yer silkinish oqibatlarini tugatish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yer silkinishining oqibatlarini tugatishda ishga yaroqlik har bir kishi ishtirok etishi zarur va quyidagi ishlar birlamchi hisoblanadi:<br /> </p> <ul><li>Yer tagida, buzilgan va yonayotgan uyda qolgan odamlarni qutqarish;</li> <li>Ishlab chiqarish, kommunal-energetik tizimlarda sodir boʻladigan avariyalarning oldini olish va toʻgʻrilash (chunki bular inson xayotiga xavf soladi);</li> <li>Buzilgan uylarni, inshootlarni tiklash;</li> <li>Talofat koʻrganlarga tibbiy yordam koʻrsatish shahobchalarini tayyorlash;</li> <li>Yer silkinish oʻchogʻida suv taʼminotini tiklash.</li></ul> <p>Yer silkinishi boshqa turdagi tabiiy ofatlarni, falokatlarni: masalan, yer surilishi, suv toshqini, qor koʻchkisi, yongʻin chiqishi hamda avariyalarni: kommunal-energetik tizimlarining izdan chiqishi, kimyo sanoati korxonalarida avariya natijasida KTZMlarning tashqariga toʻkilishi, AESlarda radioaktiv moddalarni atmosferaga chiqishi va boshqa xavfli ofatlarning yuzaga kelishiga sabab boʻlishi mumkin. Ammo, xozirgacha yer silkinishining aniq vaqtini va joyini ayta oladigan uslub yoʻq, lekin yerning tavsifli xususiyatlari, tirik mavjudodlarning xatti-harakatlari oʻzgarishiga qarab olimlar yer silkinishi xaqida muayyan maʼlumotlarni beradilar. <br /> <i>Yer silkinishini belgilaydigan ayrim koʻrsatkichlar</i> quyidagilardan iborat: kuchsiz tebranish chastotasining keskin oʻsishi, yerni deformatsiyalanishi, togʻ jinslarining elektr qarshiligi oʻzgarishi, yer osti suvlari satxining koʻtarilishi, yer osti suvlarida radon miqdorining ortishi va boshqa oʻzgarishlar. Bulardan tashqari, yer silkinishi oldidan uy xayvonlarining xatti-harakatlari ham oʻzgaradi. Masalan, mushuklar tashqariga chiqib ketadilar, qushlar oʻz uyalaridan uchib chiqadilar, chorva mollari juda bezovta boʻlib qoladilar va boshqalar. Fan va texnikaning rivojlanishi soʻzsiz yer silkinishini oldindan bashorat qilish imkoniyatini beradi. Jumladan, yuqorida taʼkidlanganidek yer osti suvlarida yer silkinishidan oldin radon gazi mikdorini oshish qonunini birinchi boʻlib oʻzbek olimi <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27%27%27G%E2%80%99.Mavlonov%27%27%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'''G’.Mavlonov''' (sahifa yaratilmagan)">'''G’.Mavlonov'''</a> tomonidan aniqlangan va bu qonuniyat Toshkent zilzilasi oqibatlarini oʻrganishda oʻz tasdigʻini topdi. Hozirgi kunda bu usul bilan Respublikamizda va Markaziy Osiyo davlatlarida roʻy bergan bir necha zilzilalar bashorat qilindi va ular tasdiqlandi. <br /> </p><p>Oʻzbekiston olimlarining bunday kashfiyoti bilan qiziqqan Amerika olimi O.Jems shunday degan edi: „Yaqin kunlarda oʻzbek mutaxassislari zilzila haqidagi bashoratni xuddi iqlim sharoitini bashorat qilgandek radio orqali eʼlon qilish darajasiga etib boradilar“. Lekin bu yerda shuni aytib oʻtish kerakki, yer silkinishning oldindan bashorat qilish muammosi hali butunlay hal etilmagan. Bunga birdan bir sabab bu masalaning murakkabligi, yaʼni zaminda yer silkinish jarayonini vujudga keltiradigan gipotsentr-oʻchoqning nixoyatda yashirinligi hamda shu „oʻchoqda“ yigʻilgan va yer silkinishiga olib keladigan energiyaning xamda uning sodir boʻlish qonuniyatlarini hali yetarlicha bilmasligimizdadir. Yer silkinish ofatidan muxofaza qilishning bir usuli bu oldindan seysmoaktiv mintaqalarni belgilash xisoblanadi. Bunda insonlar uchun, xalq xoʻjaligi tarmoqlari uchun xavfli boʻlgan 7-8 balli yuqori yer silkinishi mumkin boʻlgan joylarni belgilab xarita tuziladi. Mana shunday seysmoaktiv mintaqalarda oldindan turli muxofaza omillari koʻrilib, inshootlarni koʻrish, taʼminlash va baʼzi xavfli ishlab chiqarish tarmoqlarini (kimyo zavodlari, AESlar va shunga oʻxshash korxonalarni) xatto toʻxtatish ishlari amalga oshiriladi. Shunday ishlar, yaʼni Oʻzbekistonning seysmoaktiv xududlari xaritasi 1977-yilgacha amal qilib keldi va xozirgi kunda Oʻzbekistan Fanlar Akademiyasining seysmologiya instituti tomonidan 1997-yilda Oʻzbekistonning yangi seysmoaktiv xaritasi tuzilib, bunda xar bir xududning seysmologik xususiyatlari xisobga olingan. <br /> </p><p>Yangi xaritada koʻrsatilishicha Oʻzbekistonning mintaqalarida boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan yer silkinishlari belgilangan. Jumladan, Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasida — 6 ballgacha; Xorazm va Samarqand viloyatlarida - 7 ballgacha; Toshkent, Qarshi, Buxoro, Termez, Namangan, Fargʻona shaharlarida — 8 ballgacha; Andijon viloyatida — 9 ballgacha belgilangan. Shuningdek, seysmoaktiv xaritada Toshkent shahri uchun ham 6-9 ballgacha boʻladigan mikroseysmoaktiv hududlar ham belgilab qoʻyilganki, xozirgi kunda mana shu maʼlumotlar asosida Toshkent shahrida maqsadli qurilishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. <br /> </p><p>Shu yerda taʼkidlab oʻtish kerakki, respublikamizda 136 ta shahar mavjud boʻlib, ulardan 13 tasi yirik shaharlar hisoblanadi. Shaxarlarda qurilishlar 5 ta toifa boʻyicha amalga oshirilib, ular katta-kichikligidan qatʼi nazar xalqa yoʻli bilan belgilanishi zarur. Chunki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Favqulodda_vaziyatlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Favqulodda vaziyatlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">favqulodda vaziyatlarda</a> fuqarolarni faqat tranzit yoʻllari orqali (jumladan, halqa yoʻllari orqali) harakat qilishga yoʻnaltirilishi lozim. <br /> </p><p>Har bir korxona rahbari yer silkinishi oqibatlarini kamaytirishning asosiy tadbirlarini bilishi zarur. Bular quyidagilardan iborat: <br /> </p> <ul><li>Hududning seysmik xaritasi, unda zilzila boʻlish ehtimoli bor joylar va uning kuchi koʻrsatiladi;</li> <li>Zilzilaga bardosh beradigan uylar va sanoat inshootlarini qurish;</li> <li>Zilzila sodir boʻlib qolgan holda aholi oʻzini qanday tutishi va xatti-harakatlari haqida tushuntirish;</li> <li>Seysmik stansiyalarda uzluksiz navbatchilikni tashkil qilish va olib borish;</li> <li>Zilzilalar haqida aniq xabar va aloqa tizimini tashkil qilish;</li> <li>Qutqaruv, kuch va vositalarni tayyor xolga keltirib qoʻyish;</li> <li>Aholini xavfsiz, oʻz vaqtida evakuatsiya qilish tadbirlarini ishlab chiqish;</li> <li>Moddiy-texnik taʼminoti (plakatlar, oziq-ovqat, dori-darmon) zaxiralarini tashkil qilish;</li> <li>Zilzila haqida xabar beruvchi belgilarni aholiga tushuntirish va oʻz vaqtida qoʻllash.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zilzila_vaqtida_harakatlanish">Zilzila vaqtida harakatlanish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Zilzila vaqtida harakatlanish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Zilzila vaqtida harakatlanish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yesalrhr silkinishini tavsiflaydigan belgilar quyidagilardan iborat: <br /> </p> <ol><li>Yer ostki suvlarining fizik-kimiyoviy tarkibining oʻzgarishi (laboratoriyada aniqlanadi);</li> <li>Qushlar va uy hayvonlarining bezovtalanishi, gaz hidining kelishi, havoda chaqmoq chaqishi va yorugʻlik paydo boʻlishi;</li> <li>Bir-biriga yaqin, lekin tegmayotgan elektr simlaridan uchqun chiqishi, uylarning ichki devorlarida zangori shuʼlalar paydo boʻlishi va lyuminitsent lampalarining oʻz-oʻzidan yonishi.</li></ol> <p>Mana shu belgilarni bilgan xar bir fuqaro yoki zilzila haqida xabar eshitganda, sarosimasiz va ishonchli harakat qilishi kerak. Zilzila haqida oldindan xabar berilsa, ayni tashlab chiqishdan avval, gaz va boshqa isitkich asboblarini oʻchirish, bolalar va qariyalarga yordam berish, zarur buyumlarni, oziq-ovqat, dori-darmonlarni va hujjatlarni olib, koʻchaga chiqishlari kerak. Agar zilzila kutilmaganda boshlanib qolsa, u xolda deraza va eshik oraliqlariga yoki koʻtaruvchi ustunlar tagiga turib olish zarur. Dastlabki silkinish zarbasi tinishi bilan zudlik bilan tashqariga chiqish kerak. Shuni esdan chiqarmaslik kerakki, koʻp qavatli binolarning eng nozik, ishonchsiz joylari zinapoya va lift shaxtalaridir. Shuning uchun zilzila boshlangan paytda zinapoyalardan yugurish tavsiya etilmaydi va liftlardan foydalanish taqiqlanadi. <br /> </p><p>Korxona va muassasalarda zilzila paytida ish toʻxtatiladi. Elektr toki suv, gaz va bugʻlar toʻxtatilib, fuqarolar muhofazasi qismlaridagi ishchi va xizmatchilar oldindan belgilab qoʻyilagan joyga toʻplanadilar, boshqalar esa xavfsiz joylarda boʻladilar. Zilzila vaqtida uyda boʻlmagan fuqarolar uyga shoshmasligi, chunki oʻsha joy rahbarlarining koʻrsatmalarini diqqat bilan kutib, unga rioya etgan holda harakat qilishlari kerak. Zilzila vaqtida jamoat transportining toʻla toʻxtatilishini kutib bolalarni, nogiron va qariyalarni tushirish kerak. Yurib ketayotganda sakrab tushib qolish yaramaydi, zilzila vaqtida jabrlanganlarga asosan yordamni fuqarolar muhofazasi qismlari beradi, lekin zarur boʻlgan xollarda aholining ham yordam berishi maqsadga muvofiqdir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abdullabekov K. N., Zilziladan saqlanish mumkinmi? T., 1992; Karimov F. X., Zemletryaseniye, M, 1993; Otaboyev X., Zilzila T., 1988.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a>. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</ref></li> <li>Umarov Gʻ. — „HAYOT FAOLIYATI XAVFSIZLIGI“ fanidan MAJMUA, Samarqand</li> <li>Yormatov Gʻ.Y. va boshqalar. Hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi. -T.: „Aloqachi“, 2009 yil. — 348 b.</li> <li>Nigmatov I., Tojieyv M.X. — „Favqulodda vaziyatlar va fuqaro muhofazasi“ Darslik.-T.: Iqtisod-moliya. 2011. −260 b.</li> <li>Qudratov A. va b. — „Hayotiy faoliyat xavfsizligi“.Maʼruza kursi. „Aloqachi“ -T.: 2005. −355 b.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zilzila&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mahalla.uz/uzbl/axborot/ofatdan_talofat_kormang.mgr">Zilzila paytidagi xavfsizlik choralari</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup>, <i>mahalla.uz</i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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