Pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a sp么soby, ak媒mi ho E脷 rie拧i | T茅my

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="sk"> <head> <title>Pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a sp么soby, ak媒mi ho E脷 rie拧i | T茅my | Eur贸psky parlament</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a sp么soby, ak媒mi ho E脷 rie拧i | T茅my | Eur贸psky parlament"/> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a sp么soby, ak媒mi ho E脷 rie拧i | T茅my | Eur贸psky parlament"/> <meta itemprop="name" content="Pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a sp么soby, ak媒mi ho E脷 rie拧i | T茅my | Eur贸psky parlament"/> <meta name="description" content="Zistite, 膷o sp么sobuje odles艌ovanie a ako nov谩 eur贸pska legislat铆va eliminuje dovozu tovarov, ktor茅 boli vyroben茅 na odlesnenej p么de."/> <meta property="og:description" content="Zistite, 膷o sp么sobuje odles艌ovanie a ako nov谩 eur贸pska legislat铆va eliminuje dovozu tovarov, ktor茅 boli vyroben茅 na odlesnenej p么de."/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Zistite, 膷o sp么sobuje odles艌ovanie a ako nov谩 eur贸pska legislat铆va eliminuje dovozu tovarov, ktor茅 boli vyroben茅 na 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id="webanalytic-id_sub-chapters" value="climate-and-environment"/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytic-id_sub-sub-chapters" value=""/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytic-id_pages" value="deforestation-backgrounder-1022-seo"/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytic-id_type" value="story"/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytic-ep_bodies" value=""/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytics-topics_by_weeks" value=""/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytics-priority_category" value=""/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytics-priority_wordlink" value=""/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytics-reference" value="20221019STO44561"/> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytics-language" value="sk"/> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-intro" class="mb-12"> <h1 class="text-xl text-center pt-8 mb-6 text-black-greydark">Pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a sp么soby, ak媒mi ho E脷 rie拧i</h1> <p class="text-base text-center mb-4 text-black-greydark">Zistite, 膷o sp么sobuje odles艌ovanie a ako nov谩 eur贸pska legislat铆va eliminuje dovozu tovarov, ktor茅 boli vyroben茅 na odlesnenej p么de.</p> <div class="relative text-center"> <small class="infos flex flex-col justify-center items-center space-y-1 text-sm text-black-greydark"> <time datetime="26-10-2022">D谩tum zverejnenia: 26-10-2022</time> <time class="" datetime="2024-11-19T12:01:00">D谩tum poslednej aktualiz谩cie: 19-11-2024 - 12:01</time> <time datetime="PT6M" class="" >膶as 膷铆tania: 6 min</time> </small> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003_original.jpg"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cl.jpg" class="block mb-2" alt="In some countries, rainforests are destroyed to make room for palm oil" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cs.jpg 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cm.jpg 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cl.jpg 1024w" sizes="100vw"> </a> <figcaption class="text-16px text-black-greydark">V niektor媒ch krajin谩ch sa da啪膹ov茅 pralesy ni膷ia, aby sa vytvoril priestor pre palmy na produkciu palmov茅ho oleja</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Tempo 煤bytku lesov na celom svete je alarmuj煤ce. Pod木a <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca9825en/ca9825en.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Organiz谩cie re v媒啪ivu a po木nohospod谩rstvo (FAO),</a> 拧pecializovanej organiz谩cie OSN, sa v rokoch 1990 a啪 2020 v d么sledku odles艌ovania stratilo 420 mili贸nov hekt谩rov lesa, 膷o je plocha o ve木kosti E脷.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Odles艌ovanie predstavuje ni膷enie lesov, aby sa p么da mohla vyu啪铆va钮 na in茅煤膷ely. Degrad谩cia lesov je postupnej拧铆 proces spojen媒 s neudr啪ate木n媒m vyu啪铆van铆m lesov s煤visiaci so stratou ich schopnosti produkova钮 z谩kladn茅煤啪itky, ako je drevo alebo biodiverzita.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Tieto procesy prebiehaj煤 najm盲 v troch hlavn媒ch oblastiach, ktor媒mi s煤 povodie Amazonky (Ju啪n谩 Amerika), Konga (stredn谩 Afrika) a juhov媒chodn谩脕zia. Opa膷n媒 proces prebieha v E脷, kde sa v rokoch 2000 a啪 2021 <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Forests,_forestry_and_logging#Economic_indicators_and_employment" target="_blank" rel="noopener">zv媒拧il po膷et lesov o 5,3 %</a>.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Hoci lesy <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca8642en/CA8642EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pokr媒vaj煤 31 % zemsk茅ho povrchu</a>, s煤 domovom v盲膷拧iny suchozemskej biodiverzity na Zemi. P么sobia aj ako <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/headlines/society/20170711STO79506/klimaticke-zmeny-v-eu-lepsie-vyuzivanie-lesov-ako-zasobnikov-uhlika" target="_blank" rel="noopener">z谩sobn铆ky uhl铆ka</a>, absorbuj煤 CO2 z atmosf茅ry a s煤 d么le啪it媒m zdrojom pr铆jmov pre <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SK/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0352&from=EN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pribli啪ne 25 % svetovej popul谩cie</a>, pri膷om ve木k煤膷as钮煤zemia tradi膷ne ob媒vaj煤 p么vodn铆 obyvatelia.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2" id="ak-s-priny-odlesovania-a-degradcie-lesov-6">Ak茅 s煤 pr铆膷iny odles艌ovania a degrad谩cie lesov?</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Odles艌ovanie a degrad谩cia lesov s煤 sp么soben茅 najm盲木udskou 膷innos钮ou a maj煤 dopad na 木ud铆 na celej plan茅te.</p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3"><br />Priemyseln茅 po木nohospod谩rstvo</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Po木nohospod谩rstvo je hlavnou pr铆膷inou odles艌ovania vo v拧etk媒ch regi贸noch okrem Eur贸py.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Premena lesov na orn煤 p么du je hlavnou pr铆膷inou 煤bytku lesov. Pod木a FAO t谩to premena, najm盲 s cie木om produkcie palmov茅ho oleja a s贸je, sp么sobuje <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/cb7449en/cb7449en.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">najmenej 50 % celosvetov茅ho odles艌ovania</a>.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Pasenie hospod谩rskych zvierat je zodpovedn茅 za takmer 40 % celosvetov茅ho odles艌ovania.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">V Eur贸pe predstavuje premena na orn煤 p么du pribli啪ne 15 % odles艌ovania a 20 % je sp么soben媒ch pastvou hospod谩rskych zvierat.</p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3"><br />Urbaniz谩cia</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Rozvoj miest a infra拧trukt煤ry vr谩tane v媒stavby a roz拧irovania ciest predstavuje tretiu najv盲膷拧iu pr铆膷inu glob谩lneho odles艌ovania, ktor谩 predstavuje nie膷o viac ako 6 % z celkov茅ho po膷tu. Je v拧ak hlavnou pr铆膷inou odles艌ovania v Eur贸pe.</p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3"><br />Nadmern茅 vyu啪铆vanie zdrojov dreva</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Medzi 膹al拧ie 拧kodliv茅膷innosti s煤visiace s 木udskou 膷innos钮ou patr铆 nadmern茅 vyu啪铆vanie dreva vr谩tane dreva na palivo a nez谩konn谩 alebo neudr啪ate木n谩钮a啪ba dreva.</p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3"><br />Klimatick茅 zmeny</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Zmena kl铆my je pr铆膷inou a z谩rove艌 aj n谩sledkom odles艌ovania a degrad谩cie lesov. Extr茅mne udalosti, ktor茅 vyvol谩va, ako s煤 po啪iare, such谩 a z谩plavy, maj煤 vplyv na lesy. Na druhej strane 煤bytok lesov 拧kod铆 kl铆me, ke膹啪e lesy zohr谩vaj煤 v媒znamn煤煤lohu pri zabezpe膷ovan铆膷ist茅ho vzduchu, regul谩cii kolobehu vody, zachyt谩van铆 CO2, zabra艌ovan铆 strate biodiverzity a er贸zii p么dy.</p> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2" id="spotreba-tovarov-vyrobench-na-odlesnenej-pde-8"><br />Spotreba tovarov vyroben媒ch na odlesnenej p么de</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Ve木k谩膷as钮 tropick媒ch lesov premenen媒ch na po木nohospod谩rske 煤膷ely sl煤啪i na v媒robu celosvetovo obchodovan茅ho tovaru. <strong>Spotreba E脷 sa na celosvetovom odles艌ovan铆 podie木a pribli啪ne 10 %</strong>, najm盲 spotreba palmov茅ho oleja a s贸je, ktor茅 predstavuj煤 viac ako dve tretiny.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Pod木a 拧t煤die <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/698925/EPRS_BRI(2022)698925_EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pos煤denia vplyvu vypracovanej Eur贸pskou komisiou</a> s煤 hlavn茅 produkty, ktor茅 E脷 dov谩啪a z odlesnenej p么dy, nasledovn茅:</p> <ul> <li>Palmov媒 olej 34 %</li> <li>S贸ja 32,8 %</li> <li>Drevo 8,6 %</li> <li>Kakao 7,5 %</li> <li>K谩va 7 %</li> <li>Kau膷uk 3,4 %</li> <li>Kukurica 1,6 %</li> </ul> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><br /><br /></p> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2" id="nov-nariadeniu-e-o-vrobkoch-nespsobujcich-odlesovanie-3">Nov茅 nariadeniu E脷 o v媒robkoch nesp么sobuj煤cich odles艌ovanie</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Odles艌ovanie a degrad谩cia lesov maj煤 vplyv na environment谩lne ciele E脷, ak媒mi s煤 <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/headlines/society/20200618STO81513/ekologicky-dohovor-ako-eu-pracuje-na-klimatickej-neutralite-a-udrzatelnosti" target="_blank" rel="noopener">boj proti klimatick媒m zmen谩m</a> a proti <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/headlines/society/20200109STO69929/ake-su-hlavne-priciny-a-dosledky-straty-biodiverzity" target="_blank" rel="noopener">strate biodiverzity</a>, ale aj na 木udsk茅 pr谩va, mier a bezpe膷nos钮. Preto sa E脷 usiluje bojova钮 proti glob谩lnemu 煤bytku lesov.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">V j煤li 2021 Komisia predstavila nov煤 strat茅giu E脷 v oblasti lesn茅ho hospod谩rstva do roku 2030, ktorej cie木om je zv媒拧i钮 mno啪stvo a kvalitu lesov E脷 a podpori钮 ich 煤lohu ako zachyt谩va膷ov uhl铆ka.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">V apr铆li 2023 Parlament <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/press-room/20230414IPR80129/parlament-prijal-novy-zakon-na-boj-proti-globalnemu-odlesnovaniu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">schv谩lil nov茅 pravidl谩</a>, pod木a ktor媒ch s煤 spolo膷nosti povinn茅 overova钮, 膷i v媒robky pred谩van茅 na eur贸pskom trhu neprispeli k odles艌ovaniu alebo degrad谩cii lesov kdeko木vek na svete.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Pravidl谩 sa p么vodne mali uplat艌ova钮 od 30. decembra 2024, ale v novembri 2024 Parlament <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/press-room/20241111IPR25340/zakon-eu-o-odlesnovani-parlament-chce-pre-spolocnosti-odklad-pravidiel-o-rok" target="_blank" rel="noopener">odhlasoval odklad ich uplat艌ovania o jeden rok</a>. Ve木k茅 podniky by teraz museli za膷a钮 dodr啪iava钮 predpisy do 30. decembra 2025, zatia木膷o mikropodniky a mal茅 podniky by mali na splnenie po啪iadaviek 膷as do 30. j煤na 2026.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Na 膷o sa vz钮ahuje nov媒 z谩kon?</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Vz钮ahuje sa na v媒robky vr谩tane palmov茅ho oleja, s贸je, kakaa, k谩vy, hospod谩rskych zvierat a dreva, ako aj na odvoden茅 v媒robky, napr铆klad hov盲dzie m盲so, v媒robky z ko啪e a tla膷en茅ho papiera, n谩bytok, kozmetiku a 膷okol谩du.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Spolo膷nosti bud煤 musie钮 kontrolova钮 aj s煤lad t媒chto v媒robkov vzh木adom na normy v oblasti dodr啪iavania 木udsk媒ch pr谩v a zabezpe膷i钮 dodr啪iavanie pr谩v p么vodn媒ch obyvate木ov.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Parlament roz拧铆ril defin铆ciu pojmu degrad谩cia lesov tak, aby zah艜艌ala premenu pralesov alebo prirodzene sa obnovuj煤cich lesov na plant谩啪e alebo in茅 zalesnen茅 plochy.<br /><br /></p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Sankcie</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Pod木a z谩kona E脷 o odles艌ovan铆 s煤 krajiny rozdelen茅 na tie s n铆zkym, 拧tandardn媒m alebo vysok媒m rizikom. Spolo膷nosti bud煤 musie钮 vykon谩va钮 zjednodu拧en茅 kontroly v媒robkov z kraj铆n s ni啪拧铆m rizikom.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Parlament v novembri 2024 navrhol zavedenie novej kateg贸rie kraj铆n, ktor茅 nepredstavuj煤啪iadne riziko, definovanej ako krajiny so stabilnou alebo rast煤cou rozlohou lesov. Po啪iadavky na v媒robky poch谩dzaj煤ce z tak媒chto kraj铆n bud煤 menej pr铆sne.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Ak spolo膷nosti nevykonaj煤 kontroly, m么啪u dosta钮 pokutu a啪 do v媒拧ky 4 % svojho celkov茅ho ro膷n茅ho obratu v E脷.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Na aktualiz谩cii pravidiel sa bud煤 musie钮 dohodn煤钮 Parlament a Rada.<br /><br /></p> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2" id="pretajte-si-viac-o-tom-ako-chce-parlament-chrni-lesy-9">Pre膷铆tajte si viac o tom, ako chce Parlament chr谩ni钮 lesy</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/headlines/eu-affairs/20201015STO89416/udrzatelne-obhospodarovanie-lesov-parlament-chce-bojovat-proti-odlesnovaniu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Udr啪ate木n茅 lesn茅 hospod谩rstvo: Pr谩ca Parlamentu v boji proti odles艌ovaniu</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/headlines/priorities/klimaticke-zmeny/20170711STO79506/klimaticke-zmeny-v-eu-lepsie-vyuzivanie-lesov-ako-zasobnikov-uhlika" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zmena kl铆my: lep拧ie vyu啪铆vanie lesov E脷 ako z谩sobn铆kov uhl铆ka</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/sk/headlines/society/20200519STO79422/ako-chranit-biodiverzitu-strategia-eu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ako zachova钮 biodiverzitu: Politika E脷 (video)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2020/659335/EPRS_ATA(2020)659335_EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Z铆skajte viac inform谩ci铆 o soci谩lnom a environment谩lnom vplyve palmov茅ho oleja</a> (v anglickom jazyku)</li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-6xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="related-articles" class="mb-12"> <h2 class="text-22px font-bold text-black-default border-b-2 border-black-greylight mb-8 pb-0.5">S煤visiace 膷l谩nky</h2> <ul class="grid lg:grid-cols-3 gap-10 md:grid-cols-2 sm:grid-cols-1 grid-cols-1"> <li class=""> <div> <h3><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/sk/topic/climate-change" class="text-base font-bold underline">Zmena kl铆my</a></h3> 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