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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemi_di_coordinate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemi_di_coordinate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sistemi di coordinate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemi_di_coordinate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordinate_orizzontali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinate_orizzontali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coordinate orizzontali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordinate_orizzontali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinate_equatoriali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coordinate equatoriali</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Coordinate equatoriali</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali_orarie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinate_equatoriali_orarie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Coordinate equatoriali orarie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali_orarie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali_celesti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinate_equatoriali_celesti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Coordinate equatoriali celesti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordinate_equatoriali_celesti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversione_tra_coordinate_di_diversi_sistemi_di_riferimento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversione_tra_coordinate_di_diversi_sistemi_di_riferimento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conversione tra coordinate di diversi sistemi di riferimento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversione_tra_coordinate_di_diversi_sistemi_di_riferimento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordinate_galattiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinate_galattiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Coordinate galattiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordinate_galattiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambiamenti_delle_coordinate_celesti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambiamenti_delle_coordinate_celesti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cambiamenti delle coordinate celesti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambiamenti_delle_coordinate_celesti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coordinate celesti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 66 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugko%C3%B6rdinaatstelsel" title="Lugkoördinaatstelsel - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lugkoördinaatstelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام إحداثيات سماوية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام إحداثيات سماوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenaes_celestes" title="Coordenaes celestes - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Coordenaes celestes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99za_koordinat_sistemi" title="Fəza koordinat sistemi - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəza koordinat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сістэма нябесных каардынат - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сістэма нябесных каардынат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сыстэма нябесных каардынат - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыстэма нябесных каардынат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Небесна координатна система - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Небесна координатна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebeski_koordinatni_sistem" title="Nebeski koordinatni sistem - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nebeski koordinatni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenades_astron%C3%B2miques" title="Coordenades astronòmiques - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coordenades astronòmiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سیستەمی پۆتانی ئاسمانی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستەمی پۆتانی ئاسمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordinatsystem_for_himmelrummet" title="Koordinatsystem for himmelrummet - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koordinatsystem for himmelrummet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomische_Koordinatensysteme" title="Astronomische Koordinatensysteme - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astronomische Koordinatensysteme" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ουράνιες συντεταγμένες - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουράνιες συντεταγμένες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate_systems" title="Astronomical coordinate systems - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astronomical coordinate systems" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_celestes" title="Coordenadas celestes - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coordenadas celestes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taevakoordinaatide_s%C3%BCsteem" title="Taevakoordinaatide süsteem - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taevakoordinaatide süsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koordenatu_sistema_astronomiko" title="Koordenatu sistema astronomiko - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koordenatu sistema astronomiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="دستگاه مختصات سماوی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه مختصات سماوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htitieteellinen_vertausj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Tähtitieteellinen vertausjärjestelmä - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähtitieteellinen vertausjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_coordonn%C3%A9es_c%C3%A9lestes" title="Système de coordonnées célestes - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de coordonnées célestes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordenadas_celestes" title="Coordenadas celestes - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coordenadas celestes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מערכת קואורדינטות שמימית - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת קואורדינטות שמימית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="खगोलीय निर्देशांक पद्धति - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोलीय निर्देशांक पद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebeski_koordinatni_sustavi" title="Nebeski koordinatni sustavi - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nebeski koordinatni sustavi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag%C3%A1szati_koordin%C3%A1ta-rendszer" title="Csillagászati koordináta-rendszer - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagászati koordináta-rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Երկնային կոորդինատների համակարգեր - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկնային կոորդինատների համակարգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_koordinat_langit" title="Tata koordinat langit - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata koordinat langit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoro_nhazi_mbara_igwe" title="Usoro nhazi mbara igwe - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Usoro nhazi mbara igwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_nainlangitan_a_nagsasabtan" title="Sistema ti nainlangitan a nagsasabtan - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti nainlangitan a nagsasabtan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himinhvolfshnitakerfi" title="Himinhvolfshnitakerfi - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Himinhvolfshnitakerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB" title="天球座標系 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天球座標系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Аспан координаттар жүйесі - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аспан координаттар жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AC%EC%A2%8C%ED%91%9C%EA%B3%84" title="천구좌표계 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천구좌표계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_coordinatarum_caelestium" title="Systema coordinatarum caelestium - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema coordinatarum caelestium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelskoordinaten" title="Himmelskoordinaten - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Himmelskoordinaten" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_astronomi" title="Sistem koordinat astronomi - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sistem koordinat astronomi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Небесен координатен систем - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Небесен координатен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Одон орны координатын систем - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Одон орны координатын систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_cakerawala" title="Sistem koordinat cakerawala - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem koordinat cakerawala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒဆိုင်ရာ ကိုဩဒိနိတ်စနစ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒဆိုင်ရာ ကိုဩဒိနိတ်စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomisch_co%C3%B6rdinatenstelsel" title="Astronomisch coördinatenstelsel - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astronomisch coördinatenstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelkoordinatar" title="Himmelkoordinatar - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Himmelkoordinatar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelkoordinat" title="Himmelkoordinat - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Himmelkoordinat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_de_coordenadas_cel%C3%A8stas" title="Sistèma de coordenadas celèstas - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma de coordenadas celèstas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82rz%C4%99dnych_astronomicznych" title="Układ współrzędnych astronomicznych - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ współrzędnych astronomicznych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_coordenadas_celestes" title="Sistema de coordenadas celestes - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de coordenadas celestes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordonate_astronomice" title="Coordonate astronomice - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coordonate astronomice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Система небесных координат - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система небесных координат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebeski_koordinatni_sistemi" title="Nebeski koordinatni sistemi - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nebeski koordinatni sistemi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_coordinate_system" title="Celestial coordinate system - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Celestial coordinate system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomick%C3%A9_s%C3%BAradnicov%C3%A9_syst%C3%A9my" title="Astronomické súradnicové systémy - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astronomické súradnicové systémy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebesni_koordinatni_sistem" title="Nebesni koordinatni sistem - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nebesni koordinatni sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Небески координатни системи - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Небески координатни системи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiska_koordinatsystem" title="Astronomiska koordinatsystem - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astronomiska koordinatsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majiranukta_ya_anga" title="Majiranukta ya anga - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Majiranukta ya anga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ระบบพิกัดทรงกลมท้องฟ้า - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบพิกัดทรงกลมท้องฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_panlangit_ng_mga_koordinado" title="Sistemang panlangit ng mga koordinado - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistemang panlangit ng mga koordinado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ky%C3%BCz%C3%BC_koordinat_sistemi" title="Gökyüzü koordinat sistemi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gökyüzü koordinat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Системи небесних координат - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Системи небесних координат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سماوی متناسق نظام - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سماوی متناسق نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomik_koordinatalar" title="Astronomik koordinatalar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astronomik koordinatalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_t%E1%BB%8Da_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_thi%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n" title="Hệ tọa độ thiên văn - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ tọa độ thiên văn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_pan-langit_hin_mga_koordinato" title="Sistema pan-langit hin mga koordinato - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema pan-langit hin mga koordinato" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="天球坐标系统 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天球坐标系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="天球坐标系统 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天球坐标系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="天球坐標系統 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天球坐標系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q86394#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coordenadas_horizontales.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coordenadas_horizontales.png/290px-Coordenadas_horizontales.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Coordenadas_horizontales.png 1.5x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Punti delle coordinate celesti</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>coordinate celesti</b> servono per identificare la <a href="/wiki/Posizione" title="Posizione">posizione</a> degli <a href="/wiki/Stella" title="Stella">astri</a> sulla <a href="/wiki/Sfera_celeste" title="Sfera celeste">sfera celeste</a>. Alternativamente, visto che nella realtà essi hanno distanze diverse da noi, le coordinate celesti individuano una <i><a href="/wiki/Direzione_(vettore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Direzione (vettore)">direzione</a> orientata</i>, ossia una <a href="/wiki/Semiretta" title="Semiretta">semiretta</a> originata dall'osservatore e passante per l'astro. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemi_di_coordinate">Sistemi di coordinate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Sistemi di coordinate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemi di coordinate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In astronomia, i <a href="/wiki/Sistemi_di_coordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemi di coordinate">sistemi di coordinate</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possono specificare la posizione di un <a href="/wiki/Oggetto_celeste" title="Oggetto celeste">oggetto celeste</a> in uno <a href="/wiki/Spazio_tridimensionale" class="mw-redirect" title="Spazio tridimensionale">spazio tridimensionale</a> o mettere in grafico la sua posizione sulla <a href="/wiki/Sfera_celeste" title="Sfera celeste">sfera celeste</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tenendo conto che oltre una certa <a href="/wiki/Distanza_(matematica)" title="Distanza (matematica)">distanza</a> non siamo più in grado di valutare visivamente la lontananza dei corpi, per cui gli astri ci sembrano tutti alla stessa distanza<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coordinate_orizzontali">Coordinate orizzontali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Coordinate orizzontali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Coordinate orizzontali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg/290px-Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg/435px-Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg/580px-Azimuth-Altitude_schematic_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Le coordinate altazimutali rispetto ad un osservatore sulla Terra posta al centro dell'Universo</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <i>coordinate orizzontali</i>, chiamate anche <i>coordinate altazimutali</i>, dipendono dalla posizione relativa dell'osservatore rispetto all'astro e sono riferite all'osservatore, presupposto immobile rispetto alla <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> in movimento;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quindi, per ogni astro (in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movimento_relativo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movimento relativo (la pagina non esiste)">movimento relativo</a> rispetto alla Terra), variano continuamente nel <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>. </p><p>Si prendono come <a href="/wiki/Sistema_di_riferimento" title="Sistema di riferimento">riferimenti</a>: </p> <ul><li>l'<i><a href="/wiki/Orizzonte" title="Orizzonte">orizzonte</a></i>, la <a href="/wiki/Cerchio_massimo" title="Cerchio massimo">circonferenza massima</a> che separa l'<a href="/wiki/Emisfero_celeste" title="Emisfero celeste">emisfero celeste</a> visibile da quello non visibile;</li> <li>il <i><a href="/wiki/Meridiano_locale" title="Meridiano locale">meridiano locale</a></i>, la circonferenza massima passante per lo <a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenit</a> dell'osservatore e per i <a href="/wiki/Polo_celeste" title="Polo celeste">poli</a>, che incontra l'orizzonte nei punti <a href="/wiki/Nord" title="Nord">Nord</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sud" title="Sud">Sud</a>;</li> <li>il <i>piede</i> dell'astro, punto dell'orizzonte più vicino all'astro, corrispondente al punto dell'orizzonte individuato dal meridiano passante per l'astro.</li></ul> <p>Quindi come coordinate si ottengono: </p> <ul><li>Come <a href="/wiki/Sistema_di_riferimento_cartesiano" title="Sistema di riferimento cartesiano">ordinata</a>: l'<i><a href="/wiki/Altezza_(astronomia)" title="Altezza (astronomia)">altezza</a></i> (h) è la <a href="/wiki/Distanza_angolare" title="Distanza angolare">distanza angolare</a> dell'astro dall'orizzonte, e varia tra -90<a href="/wiki/Grado_d%27arco" title="Grado d'arco">°</a> e +90°.</li> <li>Come <a href="/wiki/Ascissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascissa">ascissa</a>: l'<i><a href="/wiki/Azimut" title="Azimut">azimut</a></i> (A) è la distanza angolare tra il punto Nord e il piede dell'astro (corrispondente alla distanza angolare tra meridiano locale e meridiano passante per l'astro), misurata in senso orario, e varia tra 0° e 360°.</li></ul> <p>Le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circonferenza_minore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circonferenza minore (la pagina non esiste)">circonferenze minori</a> formate dai punti di uguale altezza sono i <i>cerchi d'altezza</i> o <i><a href="/wiki/Almucantarat" title="Almucantarat">almucantarat</a></i>. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Circonferenza_massima" class="mw-redirect" title="Circonferenza massima">semicirconferenze massime</a> comprendenti i punti di un dato azimut si chiamano <i><a href="/wiki/Verticale" class="mw-redirect" title="Verticale">verticali</a></i>. </p><p>A volte, al posto dell'altezza si usa la <i>distanza zenitale</i> (z), che è la distanza angolare dell'astro dallo <a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenit</a> dell'osservatore e che varia da 0° a 180°. Pertanto <i>z</i> è l'<a href="/wiki/Angolo_complementare" title="Angolo complementare">angolo complementare</a> di <i>h</i>, infatti <i>z</i> + <i>h</i> = 90°. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coordinate_equatoriali">Coordinate equatoriali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Coordinate equatoriali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Coordinate equatoriali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Sistema_di_coordinate_equatoriali" title="Sistema di coordinate equatoriali">Sistema di coordinate equatoriali</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Esistono due tipi di coordinate equatoriali: si parla, infatti, di <i>sistema equatoriale fisso</i> (detto anche sistema a <i>coordinate equatoriali orarie</i>) e di <i>sistema equatoriale mobile</i> (detto anche sistema a <i>coordinate equatoriali celesti</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordinate_equatoriali_orarie">Coordinate equatoriali orarie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Coordinate equatoriali orarie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Coordinate equatoriali orarie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel primo sistema equatoriale si prendono come riferimenti </p> <ul><li>come piano di riferimento l'<a href="/wiki/Equatore_celeste" title="Equatore celeste">equatore celeste</a>, ossia l'intersezione del piano dell'<a href="/wiki/Equatore" title="Equatore">equatore terrestre</a> con la sfera celeste</li> <li>come punto di riferimento si sceglie il punto di <a href="/wiki/Mezzocielo" title="Mezzocielo">mezzocielo</a> M, che è l'intersezione del <a href="/wiki/Meridiano_locale" title="Meridiano locale">meridiano locale</a> e dell'equatore celeste.</li></ul> <p>Dunque, le coordinate del sistema equatoriale fisso sono: </p> <ul><li>l'<i><a href="/wiki/Angolo_orario" title="Angolo orario">angolo orario</a></i>, che è la distanza angolare tra il punto di mezzocielo M e l'intersezione del meridiano celeste passante per l'astro con l'equatore celeste; si misura in ore, minuti e secondi (0^h, 24^h) a partire dal punto M in <a href="/wiki/Senso_orario" class="mw-redirect" title="Senso orario">senso orario</a>;</li> <li>la <i><a href="/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia)">declinazione</a></i>, ossia la distanza angolare tra l'intersezione del meridiano celeste per l'astro e l'equatore celeste e l'astro stesso, misurata lungo il meridiano celeste; si misura in gradi, primi e secondi (0°,90°) a partire dall'equatore celeste fino ai poli celesti, e si parla di declinazione positiva nell'<a href="/wiki/Emisfero_boreale" title="Emisfero boreale">emisfero boreale</a> e di declinazione negativa in quello <a href="/wiki/Emisfero_australe" title="Emisfero australe">australe</a>.</li></ul> <p>Mentre la declinazione non cambia con l'osservatore, l'angolo orario sì. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordinate_equatoriali_celesti">Coordinate equatoriali celesti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Coordinate equatoriali celesti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Coordinate equatoriali celesti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si introduce un altro sistema di riferimento, il sistema equatoriale mobile, in cui le coordinate non variano con la posizione dell'osservatore, che permette quindi una localizzazione completamente indipendente dalla posizione di questi, e col moto diurno della sfera celeste. </p><p>Si prendono come riferimenti: </p> <ul><li>l'<i><a href="/wiki/Equatore_celeste" title="Equatore celeste">equatore celeste</a></i>;</li> <li>i <i><a href="/wiki/Meridiano_celeste" title="Meridiano celeste">cerchi orari</a></i> (o meridiani);</li> <li>il <i><a href="/wiki/Punto_d%27ariete" class="mw-redirect" title="Punto d'ariete">punto d'ariete</a></i> (γ), ossia una delle due intersezioni dell'<i><a href="/wiki/Eclittica" title="Eclittica">eclittica</a></i> (il piano su cui giace il moto apparente del Sole rispetto alla Terra che è inclinato rispetto all'equatore celeste di un angolo di 23° 26' 32<a href="/wiki/Secondo_(geometria)" title="Secondo (geometria)">″</a>) con l'equatore celeste: è il punto in cui il sole passa dalla semisfera sud a quella nord.</li></ul> <p>Le coordinate sono: </p> <ul><li>la <i><a href="/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia)">declinazione</a></i> (δ) di un astro è la sua distanza angolare dall'equatore celeste (da -90°, al polo sud, a +90° al polo nord);</li> <li>l'<i><a href="/wiki/Ascensione_retta" title="Ascensione retta">ascensione retta</a></i> (α) di un astro è la distanza angolare tra il punto d'ariete e l'intersezione del suo cerchio orario con l'equatore celeste; si misura a partire dal punto d'ariete in senso antiorario in gradi (0°, 360°) o equivalentemente in ore ponendo 1h = 15°.</li></ul> <p>A volte, al posto della declinazione si usa la <b>distanza polare</b> (p), che è la distanza angolare dell'astro dal polo nord celeste e che varia da 0° a 180°. In ogni caso, trattandosi di angoli complementari, p + δ = 90°. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversione_tra_coordinate_di_diversi_sistemi_di_riferimento">Conversione tra coordinate di diversi sistemi di riferimento</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Conversione tra coordinate di diversi sistemi di riferimento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Conversione tra coordinate di diversi sistemi di riferimento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per passare dalle coordinate di un sistema di riferimento a quelle di un altro bisogna effettuare delle <a href="/wiki/Funzione_(matematica)" title="Funzione (matematica)">trasformazioni matematiche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meeus_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meeus-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Per convertire l'<i><a href="/wiki/Ascensione_retta" title="Ascensione retta">ascensione retta</a></i> (α) (coordinate equatoriali celesti) in <i><a href="/wiki/Angolo_orario" title="Angolo orario">angolo orario</a></i> (H) (coordinate equatoriali orarie) è necessario conoscere il proprio <a href="/wiki/Tempo_siderale" title="Tempo siderale">tempo siderale</a> (TS):</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H=TS-\alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H=TS-\alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1030632d3a3984d42394b5ccc66d2c91f79522c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.626ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H=TS-\alpha }"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Per convertire la <i><a href="/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia)">declinazione</a></i> (δ) (coordinate equatoriali) in <i><a href="/wiki/Altezza_(astronomia)" title="Altezza (astronomia)">altezza</a></i> (h) (coordinate altazimutali) è necessario conoscere la propria <a href="/wiki/Latitudine" title="Latitudine">latitudine</a> (φ) e l'<i><a href="/wiki/Angolo_orario" title="Angolo orario">angolo orario</a></i> (H) e applicare la seguente espressione:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin(h)=\sin(\delta )\sin(\varphi )+\cos(\delta )\cos(\varphi )\cos(H)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin(h)=\sin(\delta )\sin(\varphi )+\cos(\delta )\cos(\varphi )\cos(H)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49cb9757e947c69390dd8884bd55f9115848202b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:44.396ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin(h)=\sin(\delta )\sin(\varphi )+\cos(\delta )\cos(\varphi )\cos(H)}"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Per ottenere l'<i><a href="/wiki/Azimut" title="Azimut">azimut</a></i> (A) (coordinate altazimutali) a partire dall'<i><a href="/wiki/Angolo_orario" title="Angolo orario">angolo orario</a></i> (H) è necessario conoscere la propria <a href="/wiki/Latitudine" title="Latitudine">latitudine</a> (φ) e la <i><a href="/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia)">declinazione</a></i> (δ) e applicare la seguente espressione:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tan(Z)=\sin(H)/[\tan(\delta )\cos(\varphi )-\sin(\varphi )\cos(H)]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>tan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>tan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tan(Z)=\sin(H)/[\tan(\delta )\cos(\varphi )-\sin(\varphi )\cos(H)]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4dbb361bd21ce3d7d105691cf057a4401d1aa56" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:48.574ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tan(Z)=\sin(H)/[\tan(\delta )\cos(\varphi )-\sin(\varphi )\cos(H)]}"></span> con Z = angolo azimutale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coordinate_galattiche">Coordinate galattiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Coordinate galattiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Coordinate galattiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Sistema_di_coordinate_galattiche" title="Sistema di coordinate galattiche">Sistema di coordinate galattiche</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Le coordinate galattiche prendono come piano di riferimento <a href="/wiki/Piano_galattico" class="mw-redirect" title="Piano galattico">quello galattico</a>, che forma un angolo di 62°41' con l'equatore celeste, e come direzione di origine quella del <a href="/wiki/Centro_galattico" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro galattico">centro galattico</a> individuato dalle misure di <a href="/wiki/Radioastronomia" title="Radioastronomia">radioastronomia</a> e collocato nella <a href="/wiki/Sagittario_(costellazione)" title="Sagittario (costellazione)">costellazione del Sagittario</a> (α=17h 42m 30s, e δ=-28°55<a href="/wiki/Primo_(geometria)" title="Primo (geometria)">'</a>18<a href="/wiki/Secondo_(geometria)" title="Secondo (geometria)">″</a>). </p><p>Questi riferimenti permettono di definire un polo nord ed un polo sud galattico tramite la direzione normale al piano galattico e passante per il Sole. Il polo nord galattico ha coordinate equatoriali α=12h 49m e δ=+27° 24'. </p><p>Si definiscono una <a href="/wiki/Longitudine_galattica" title="Longitudine galattica">longitudine galattica</a> (l) ed una <a href="/wiki/Latitudine_galattica" title="Latitudine galattica">latitudine galattica</a> (b), entrambe misurate in gradi. </p><p>La latitudine galattica è misurata sui cerchi massimi passanti per i poli e varia da b=-90° (polo sud galattico) a b=+90° (polo nord galattico). </p><p>La longitudine galattica varia da l=0° (centro della galassia) a l=360° ed è crescente nel verso di rotazione della Via Lattea (vista dal polo nord la longitudine cresce in senso antiorario). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cambiamenti_delle_coordinate_celesti">Cambiamenti delle coordinate celesti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Cambiamenti delle coordinate celesti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Cambiamenti delle coordinate celesti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A causa dei <a href="/wiki/Movimenti_della_Terra#Moti_millenari" title="Movimenti della Terra">movimenti a lungo termine</a> della <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> (primo fra tutti quello conosciuto col nome di <a href="/wiki/Precessione_degli_equinozi" title="Precessione degli equinozi">precessione degli equinozi</a>), gli astri non hanno coordinate celesti del tutto fisse ma si spostano col tempo. Questo movimento è indipendente dal <a href="/wiki/Moto_proprio" title="Moto proprio">moto proprio</a> delle <a href="/wiki/Stella" title="Stella">stelle</a>, perché si tratta di un movimento dell'osservatore piuttosto che dell'astro. Ad <a href="/wiki/Occhio_nudo" title="Occhio nudo">occhio nudo</a> e su scale di pochi <a href="/wiki/Anno" title="Anno">anni</a> è impercettibile, ma per le osservazioni astronomiche si pone il problema di specificare a quale istante una coordinata si riferisce. È stato perciò inventato il concetto di <a href="/wiki/Epoca_(astronomia)" title="Epoca (astronomia)">epoca</a>: tutte le coordinate si specificano rispetto ad un'epoca, ed esistono <a href="/wiki/Algoritmo" title="Algoritmo">algoritmi</a> per passare da un'epoca all'altra. </p><p>Nonostante l'entità dello spostamento possa apparire irrisoria su brevi periodi, su una scala di tempo di <a href="/wiki/Millennio" title="Millennio">millenni</a> esso può portare a notevoli variazioni nelle posizioni degli astri; ad esempio, tra circa 13000 anni il polo nord celeste sarà indicato da <a href="/wiki/Vega" title="Vega">Vega</a>, e non più dalla <a href="/wiki/Stella_Polare" class="mw-redirect" title="Stella Polare">Stella Polare</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Steve Majewski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312195329/http://faculty.virginia.edu/ASTR5610/lectures/COORDS/coords.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Coordinate Systems</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">faculty.virginia.edu</span>, UVa Department of Astronomy. <small>URL consultato il 19 marzo 2011</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/ASTR5610/lectures/COORDS/coords.html">url originale</abbr> il 12 marzo 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giuliano Romano, <span style="font-style:italic;">Sfera celeste</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Introduzione all'astronomia</span>, 3ª ed., Padova, Muzzio, 2006, p. 14, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7413-140-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7413-140-2">88-7413-140-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Mauro Stani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811112906/http://www.lnibelluno.it/archive/tecno/dispense/Corso%20NaviAstro_secondo.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Navigazione astronomica</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">lnibelluno.it</span>, Lega Navale Italiana - Belluno. <small>URL consultato il 22 maggio 2014</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.lnibelluno.it/archive/tecno/dispense/Corso%20NaviAstro_secondo.pdf">url originale</abbr> l'11 agosto 2014)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Stefano Simoni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomia.com/guide/la-sfera-celeste/sfera-celeste/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sfera celeste</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Astronomia.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 maggio 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Nick Kanas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abf35c"><span style="font-style:italic;">Star and Solar System Maps: A History of Celestial Cartography</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Research Notes of the AAS</span>, vol. 5, n. 4, 2021, p. 69, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021RNAAS...5...69K">2021RNAAS...5...69K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3847%2F2515-5172%2Fabf35c">10.3847/2515-5172/abf35c</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meeus-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Meeus_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Jean Meeus, <span style="font-style:italic;">Astronomical Algorithms</span>, Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, VA, 1991, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-943396-35-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-943396-35-2">0-943396-35-2</a>.</cite>, chap. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> Radosław Poleski, <span style="font-style:italic;">Transformation of the equatorial proper motion to the Galactic system</span>, 2013.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Oliver Montenbruck e Thomas Pfleger, <span style="font-style:italic;">Astronomy on the Personal Computer</span>, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-3-540-67221-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-3-540-67221-0">978-3-540-67221-0</a>.</cite>, pp 35-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Nautical Almanac Office U.S. Naval Observatory e H.M. Nautical Almanac Office U.K. Hydrographic Office, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2010</span>, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 2008, p. M18, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0160820083" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0160820083">978-0160820083</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordinate_celesti&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Celestial coordinate systems"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Celestial_coordinate_systems?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a 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