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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intonation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intonation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Intonation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intonation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Balochi_Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Balochi_Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Old Balochi Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Balochi_Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_Perso-Arabic_Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_Perso-Arabic_Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Standard Perso-Arabic Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_Perso-Arabic_Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Latin alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soviet_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Soviet alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyrillic_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyrillic_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Cyrillic alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyrillic_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Balochi language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloetsji" title="Beloetsji – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Beloetsji" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البلوشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البلوشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchi" title="Baluchi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Baluchi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99luc_dili" title="Bəluc dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəluc dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بلوچ دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلوچ دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="বেলুচি ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেলুচি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Белуджская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Белуджская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Белуджки език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Белуджки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balotcheg" title="Balotcheg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Balotcheg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutxi" title="Balutxi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balutxi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Balochi" title="Pinulongang Balochi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Balochi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%BA%C4%8D%C5%A1tina" title="Balúčština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balúčština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belutschische_Sprache" title="Belutschische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belutschische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belut%C5%A1i_keel" title="Belutši keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Belutši keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_baluchi" title="Idioma baluchi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma baluchi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balu%C4%89a_lingvo" title="Baluĉa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baluĉa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutxi" title="Balutxi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balutxi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="زبان بلوچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان بلوچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_bhasa" title="Balochi bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Balochi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloutchi" title="Baloutchi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baloutchi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balo%C3%A7hish" title="Baloçhish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baloçhish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_baluchi" title="Lingua baluchi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua baluchi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8A%DA%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="بلۊچي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بلۊچي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A3%A8%EC%B9%98%EC%96%B4" title="발루치어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발루치어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Բելուջերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելուջերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="बलोच भाषा और साहित्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बलोच भाषा और साहित्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belu%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Belučki jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Belučki jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Baloch" title="Bahasa Baloch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Baloch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Белуджаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Белуджаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%BAk%C3%ADska" title="Balúkíska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Balúkíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_beluci" title="Lingua beluci – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua beluci" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಬಲೂಚಿ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲೂಚಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Белуджи кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Белуджи кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_bel%C3%BB%C3%A7%C3%AE" title="Zimanê belûçî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê belûçî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Baluchica" title="Lingua Baluchica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Baluchica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud%C5%BEu_valoda" title="Beludžu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Beludžu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud%C5%BEi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Beludžių kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Beludžių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beludzs_nyelv" title="Beludzs nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beludzs nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Белуџиски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Белуџиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_balotsy" title="Fiteny balotsy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny balotsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बलुची भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बलुची भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%89" title="بلوتشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلوتشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="بلوچی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلوچی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloetsji_(taal)" title="Beloetsji (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beloetsji (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बलुची भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बलुची भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बलूची भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बलूची भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="バローチー語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バローチー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutsji_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Balutsji (språk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balutsji (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutsji" title="Balutsji – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Balutsji" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluj_tili" title="Baluj tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Baluj tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਲੋਚੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੋਚੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="بلوچی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلوچی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%85%D9%8A" title="بلوڅي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بلوڅي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_belud%C5%BCi" title="Język beludżi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język beludżi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_bal%C3%BAchi" title="Língua balúchi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua balúchi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belu%C3%A7_tili" title="Beluç tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Beluç tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Белуджский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белуджский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچی زبان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بلوچی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_leid" title="Balochi leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Balochi leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Balochi language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="بلوچي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلوچي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%BA%C4%8Dtina" title="Balúčtina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Balúčtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%84%DB%86%DA%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی بەلۆچی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی بەلۆچی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Белучки језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Белучки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belut%C5%A1in_kieli" title="Belutšin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Belutšin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchiska" title="Baluchiska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baluchiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பலூச்சி மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பலூச்சி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%97_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бәлүҗ теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бәлүҗ теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="బలూచి భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బలూచి భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88" title="ภาษาบาโลจ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาบาโลจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D3%A3" title="Забони балучӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони балучӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಬಲೂಚಿ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬಲೂಚಿ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belu%C3%A7%C3%A7a" title="Beluçça – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beluçça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Белуджійська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Белуджійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلوچی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Baloch" title="Tiếng Baloch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Baloch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俾路支语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_B%C3%A0l%C3%B3%E1%B9%A3%C3%AC" title="Èdè Bàlóṣì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Bàlóṣì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E6%96%87" title="俾路支文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俾路支文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belucki" title="Belucki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Belucki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俾路支语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Balochi" title="Bahasa Balochi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Balochi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Balochi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal" dir="rtl">بلۏچی</span></span> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <span title="Balochi-language romanization"><i lang="bal-Latn">Balòci</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bal%C3%B2ci.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bal%C3%B2ci.png/130px-Bal%C3%B2ci.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bal%C3%B2ci.png/195px-Bal%C3%B2ci.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bal%C3%B2ci.png/260px-Bal%C3%B2ci.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;"><i>Balòci</i> (Balochi) written <a href="#Writing_system">Balo-Rabi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a> style.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bal-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[bəˈloːt͡ʃiː]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8.8 million (2017–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Iranian languages">Northwestern</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Balochi</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi Standard Alphabet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="756" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li></ul> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Academy" title="Balochi Academy">Balochi Academy</a>, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan <br /><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Academy_Sarbaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochi Academy Sarbaz">Balochi Academy Sarbaz</a>, Sarbaz, Iran</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=43">bal</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bal" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bal">bal</a></code> – inclusive code<br />Individual codes:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bgp" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bgp">bgp</a></code> – Eastern Balochi<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bgn" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bgn">bgn</a></code> – Western Balochi<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bcc" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bcc">bcc</a></code> – Southern Balochi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/balo1260">balo1260</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">58-AAB-a > 58-AAB-aa (East Balochi) + 58-AAB-ab (West Balochi) + 58-AAB-ac (South Balochi) + 58-AAB-ad (Bashkardi)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_tongues_de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iranian_tongues_de.svg/320px-Iranian_tongues_de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iranian_tongues_de.svg/480px-Iranian_tongues_de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iranian_tongues_de.svg/640px-Iranian_tongues_de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="556" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">The position of Balochi language among Iranian languages.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Balochi.svg/30px-Balochi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Balochi.svg/45px-Balochi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Balochi.svg/60px-Balochi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="577" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi text</a>, written from right to left with some letters joined.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see unjoined Balochi letters or other symbols instead of <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Writing_system">Balochi script</a>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="104" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Malek_speaking_Eastern_Balochi.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A speaker of Eastern Balochi</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Balochi</b> (<span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal" dir="rtl">بلۏچی</span></span>, romanized: <span title="Balochi-language romanization"><i lang="bal-Latn">Balòci</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Iranian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Iranian language">Northwestern Iranian language</a>, spoken primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistan and Baluchestan Province">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Afghanistan" title="Balochistan, Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. In addition, there are speakers in <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> and in diaspora communities in other parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Spooner2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spooner2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total number of speakers, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>, is 8.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, 6.28 million are in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> According to <a href="/wiki/Brian_Spooner_(anthropologist)" title="Brian Spooner (anthropologist)">Brian Spooner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Literacy for most Baloch-speakers is not in Balochi, but in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> in Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> in Afghanistan and Iran. Even now very few Baloch read Balochi, in any of the countries, even though the alphabet in which it is printed is essentially identical to Persian and Urdu.</p></blockquote> <p>Balochi belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western Iranian</a> subgroup, and its original homeland is suggested to be around the central <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-Elfenbein_1988_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elfenbein_1988-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balochi is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European language</a>, spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a> and belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> branch of the family. As an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian language</a>, it is classified in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Northwestern group</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i> classifies four different varieties, namely <a href="/wiki/Koroshi_dialect" title="Koroshi dialect">Koroshi</a>, Southern Balochi and Western Balochi (grouped under a "Southern-Western Balochi" branch), and Eastern Balochi, all under the "Balochic" group.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ISO 639-3 groups Southern, Eastern, and Western Baloch under the Balochi macrolanguage, keeping Koroshi separate. Balochi, somehow near similarity with the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a> and on the other hand, it has near kinship to the <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two main dialects: the dialect of the Mandwani (northern) tribes and the dialect of the Domki (southern) tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-Dames1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dames1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dialectal differences are not very significant.<sup id="cite_ref-Dames1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dames1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One difference is that grammatical terminations in the northern dialect are less distinct compared with those in the southern tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-Dames1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dames1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An isolated dialect is <a href="/wiki/Koroshi_dialect" title="Koroshi dialect">Koroshi</a>, which is spoken in the Qashqai tribal confederation in the <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars province</a>. Koroshi distinguishes itself in grammar and lexicon among Balochi varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Balochi_Academy_Sarbaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochi Academy Sarbaz">Balochi Academy Sarbaz</a> has designed a <a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">standard alphabet</a> for Balochi.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Balochi vowel system has at least eight vowels: five <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">long</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">short</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These are <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uː/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span>. The short vowels have more <a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Centralized" title="Relative articulation">centralized</a> phonetic quality than the long vowels. The variety spoken in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> also has nasalized vowels, most importantly <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ẽː/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ãː/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition to these eight vowels, Balochi has two vowel glides, that is /aw/ and /ay/.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table shows consonants which are common to both Western (Northern) and Southern Balochi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The consonants /s/, /z/, /n/, /ɾ/ and /l/ are articulated as <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> in Western Balochi. The plosives /t/ and /d/ are dental in both dialects. The symbol ń is used to denote <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a> of the preceding <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiceless</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiced</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiceless</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiced</span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official provincial status</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Word-initial <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> is dropped in Balochi as spoken in Karachi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Words with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span> are uncommon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (September 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Balochi_language#Dubious" title="Talk:Balochi language">discuss</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The retroflex tap has a very limited distribution.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>In addition, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> (voiceless velar fricative) in some <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> in Southern Balochi corresponding to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/χ/</span> (voiceless uvular fricative) in Western Balochi; and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span> (voiced velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> (voiced uvular fricative) in Western Balochi. </p><p>In Eastern Balochi, it is noted that the stop and glide consonants may also occur as aspirated allophones in word initial position as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>tʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʈʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>t͡ʃʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[wʱ]</span>. Allophones of stops in postvocalic position include for voiceless stops, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f<span class="wrap"> </span>θ<span class="wrap"> </span>x]</span> and for voiced stops <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β<span class="wrap"> </span>ð<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ]</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n<span class="wrap"> </span>l/</span> are also dentalized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n̪<span class="wrap"> </span>l̪]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intonation">Intonation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Intonation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Difference between a question and a statement is marked with the tone, when there is no question word. Rising tone marks the question and falling tone the statement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statements and questions with a question word are characterized by falling intonation at the end of the sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Falling Intonation – Statement </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>(Á) wassh ent. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perso-Arabic with Urdu alphabet </td> <td>.آ) وشّ اِنت) </td></tr> <tr> <td>English </td> <td>He is well. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Falling Intonation – Question </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>(Taw) kojá raway? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perso-Arabic with Urdu alphabet </td> <td>تئو) کجا رئوئے؟) </td></tr> <tr> <td>English </td> <td>Where are you going? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Questions without a question word are characterized by rising intonation at the end of the sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rising Intonation – Question </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>(Á) wassh ent? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perso-Arabic with Urdu alphabet </td> <td>آ) وشّ اِنت؟) </td></tr> <tr> <td>English </td> <td>Is he well? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Both coordinate and subordinate clauses that precede the final clause in the sentence have rising intonation. The final clause in the sentence has falling intonation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Rising Intonation – In clauses that precede the final clause </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Latin </td> <td>Shahray kuchah o damkán hechkas gendaga nabut o bázár angat band at. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perso-Arabic with Urdu alphabet </td> <td>شهرئے کوچه ءُ دمکان هچکَس گندگَ نبوت ءُ بازار انگت بند اَت. </td></tr> <tr> <td>English </td> <td>Nobody was seen in the streets of the town, and the marketplace was still closed. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The normal word order is <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a>. Like many other Indo-Iranian languages, Balochi also features <a href="/wiki/Split_ergativity" title="Split ergativity">split ergativity</a>. The subject is marked as nominative except for the past tense constructions where the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Transitive_verb" title="Transitive verb">transitive verb</a> is marked as <a href="/wiki/Oblique_case" title="Oblique case">oblique</a> and the verb agrees with the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical object">object</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balochi, like many Western Iranian languages, has lost the <a href="/wiki/Old_Iranian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Iranian">Old Iranian</a> gender distinctions.<sup id="cite_ref-Elfenbein_1988_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elfenbein_1988-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the Balochi number system is identical to <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Mansel_Longworth_Dames" title="Mansel Longworth Dames">Mansel Longworth Dames</a>, Balochi writes the first twelve numbers as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215345927">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{clear:none;float:left}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float-clear{clear:both}</style><div class="multicol-float" style="min-width: 15em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Cardinal numerals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Balochi </th> <th>Standard Alphabet(Balòrabi) </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>Yak </td> <td>یکّ </td> <td>One<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do </td> <td>دو </td> <td>Two </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sae </td> <td>سئ </td> <td>Three </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chàr </td> <td>چار </td> <td>Four </td></tr> <tr> <td>Panch </td> <td>پنچ </td> <td>Five </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shash </td> <td>شش </td> <td>Six </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hapt </td> <td>ھپت </td> <td>Seven </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hasht </td> <td>ھشت </td> <td>Eight </td></tr> <tr> <td>Noh </td> <td>نُھ </td> <td>Nine </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dah </td> <td>دَہ </td> <td>Ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yàzhdah </td> <td>یازدہ </td> <td>Eleven </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dwàzhdah </td> <td>دوازدھ </td> <td>Twelve </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215345927"><div class="multicol-float" style=""> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Ordinal numerals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Balochi </th> <th>Standard Alphabet(Balòrabi) </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>Awali / Pèsari </td> <td>اولی / پݔسَری </td> <td>First </td></tr> <tr> <td>Domi </td> <td>دومی </td> <td>Second </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sayomi </td> <td>سئیُمی </td> <td>Third </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cháromi </td> <td>چارمی </td> <td>Fourth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Panchomi </td> <td>پنچُمی </td> <td>Fifth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shashomi </td> <td>شَشُمی </td> <td>Sixth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haptomi </td> <td>ھپتُمی </td> <td>Seventh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hashtomi </td> <td>ھشتمی </td> <td>Eighth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nohmi </td> <td>نُھمی </td> <td>Ninth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dahomi </td> <td>دھمی </td> <td>Tenth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yázdahomi </td> <td>یازدھمی </td> <td>Eleventh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dwázdahomi </td> <td>دوازدھمی </td> <td>Twelfth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goďďi </td> <td>گُڈڈی </td> <td>Last </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="multicol-float-clear" style=""></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The latter <i>ya</i> is with nouns while <i>yak</i> is used by itself.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balochi was not a written language before the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Dames3_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dames3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Persian script was used to write Balochi wherever necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-Dames3_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dames3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Balochi was still spoken at the Baloch courts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>British colonial officers first wrote Balochi with the Latin script.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the creation of Pakistan, Baloch scholars adopted the <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian alphabet</a>. The first collection of poetry in Balochi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulbang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulbang (page does not exist)">Gulbang</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mir_Gul_Khan_Nasir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Gul Khan Nasir">Mir Gul Khan Nasir</a> was published in 1951 and incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Script">Arabic Script</a>. It was much later that Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashemi wrote a comprehensive guidance on the usage of Arabic script and standardized it as the Balochi Orthography in Pakistan and Iran. This earned him the title of the 'Father of Balochi'. His guidelines are widely used in Eastern and Western Balochistan. In Afghanistan, Balochi is still written in a modified Arabic script based on <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2002, a conference was held to help standardize the script that would be used for Balochi.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Balochi_Alphabet">Old Balochi Alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Old Balochi Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Syed_Zahoor_Shah_Hashmi" title="Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi">Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi</a></div> <p>The following alphabet was used by <a href="/wiki/Syed_Zahoor_Shah_Hashmi" title="Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi">Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi</a> in his lexicon of Balochi <i>Sayad Ganj</i> (<span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سید گنج</span></span></span>) (lit. <i>Sayad's Treasure</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi Standard Alphabet</a>, it was by far the most widely used alphabet for writing Balochi, and is still used very frequently. </p><p><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آ، ا، ب، پ، ت، ٹ، ج، چ، د، ڈ، ر، ز، ژ، س، ش، ک، گ، ل، م، ن، و، ھ ہ، ء، ی ے</span></span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_Perso-Arabic_Alphabet">Standard Perso-Arabic Alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Standard Perso-Arabic Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi Standard Alphabet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal"><span style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 170%;"> <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">ا</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="پ">پ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ٹ">ٹ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="چ">چ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%88" class="mw-redirect" title="ڈ">ڈ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ژ">ژ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ک">ک</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="گ">گ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="ۏ">ۏ</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ہ">ہ</a> (<a href="/wiki/%DA%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ھ">ھ</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ء">ء</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ی">ی</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%92" class="mw-redirect" title="ے">ے</a> (<a href="/wiki/%DD%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ݔ">ݔ</a>) </span> </span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <hr />Extended <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arabic_alphabet" title="History of the Arabic alphabet">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">Transliteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">Diacritics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamza" title="Hamza">Hamza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabic_numerals" title="Eastern Arabic numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numeration</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arabic-script_sidebar" title="Template:Arabic-script sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic-script_sidebar" title="Template talk:Arabic-script sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic-script_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic-script sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi Standard Alphabet</a></div> <p>The <b>Balochi Standard Alphabet</b>, standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 29 letters.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a> and borrows a few glyphs from <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a>. It is also sometimes referred to as Balo-Rabi or Balòrabi. Today, it is the preferred script to use in a professional setting and by educated folk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_alphabet">Latin alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Latin alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following Latin-based alphabet was adopted by the International Workshop on "Balochi Roman Orthography" (University of Uppsala, Sweden, 28–30 May 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Alphabetical order</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p><span class="nowrap">a á b c d ď e f g ĝ h i í j k l m n o p q r ř s š t ť u ú v w x y z ž ay aw</span> (33 letters and 2 digraphs) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>Example words<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>A / a </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">asp (horse), garm (warm), mard (man) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Á / á </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">áp (water), kár (work) </td></tr> <tr> <td>B / b (<i>bé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">barp (snow, ice), bám (dawn), bágpán (gardener), baktáwar (lucky) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ch / ch (<i>ché</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">chamm (eye), bacch (son), kárch (knife) </td></tr> <tr> <td>D / d (<i>de</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">dard (pain), drad (rainshower), pád (foot), wád (salt) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dh / dh </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><i>dhawl (</i>shape<i>), gwandh (short), chondh (piece)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>E / e </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">esh (this), pet (father), bale (but) </td></tr> <tr> <td>É / é </td> <td> </td> <td>éraht (harvest), bér (revenge), shér (tiger) dér (late, delay), dém (face, front), </td></tr> <tr> <td>F / f (<i>fe</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><i>Only used for loanwords:</i> fármaysí (pharmacy). </td></tr> <tr> <td>G / g (<i>ge</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">gapp (talk), ganók (mad), bág (garden), bagg (herd of camels), pádag (foot), Bagdád (Baghdad) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gh / gh </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><i>Like <a href="/wiki/Ghain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghain">ĝhaen</a> in Perso-Arabic script.</i><br /><i>Used for loanwords and in eastern dialects:</i> ghair (others), ghali (carpet), ghaza (noise) </td></tr> <tr> <td>H / h (<i>he</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">hár (flood), máh (moon), kóh (mountain), mahár (rein), hón (blood) </td></tr> <tr> <td>I / i (<i>i</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">imán (faith), shir (milk), pakir (beggar), samin (breeze), gáli (carpet) </td></tr> <tr> <td>J / j (<i>jé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">jang (war), janag (to beat), jeng (lark), ganj (treasure), sajji (roasted meat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>K / k (<i>ké</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">Kermán (Kirman), kárch (knife), nákó (uncle), gwask (calf), kasán (small) </td></tr> <tr> <td>L / l (<i>lé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">láp (stomach), gal (joy), gal (party, organization), goll (cheek), gol (rose) </td></tr> <tr> <td>M / m (<i>mé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">mát (mother), bám (dawn), chamm (eye), master (leader, bigger) </td></tr> <tr> <td>N / n (<i>né</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">nagan (bread), nók (new, new moon), dhann (outside), kwahn (old), nákó (uncle) </td></tr> <tr> <td>O / o </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">oshter (camel), shomá (you), ostád (teacher), gozhn (hunger), boz (goat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ó / ó (<i>ó</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">óshtag (to stop), ózhnág (swim), róch (sun), dór (pain), sochag (to burn) </td></tr> <tr> <td>P / p (<i>pé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">Pád (foot), shap (night), shapád (bare-footed), gapp (talk), haptád (70) </td></tr> <tr> <td>R / r (<i>ré</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">rék (sand), barag (to take away), sharr (good), sarag (head) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rh / rh (<i>rhé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">márhi (building), nájórh (sick) </td></tr> <tr> <td>S / s (<i>sé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">sarag (head), kass (someone), kasán (little), bass (enough), ás (fire) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sh / sh (<i>shé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">shap (night), shád (happy), mésh (sheep), shwánag (shepherd), wašš (happy, tasty) </td></tr> <tr> <td>T / t (<i>té</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">tagerd (mat), tahná (alone) tás (bowl), kelitt (key) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Th / th (<i>thé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">thong (hole), thilló (bell), batth (cooked rice), batthág (eggplant) </td></tr> <tr> <td>U / u (<i>u</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">zurag (to take), bezur (take), dur (distant) </td></tr> <tr> <td>W / w (<i>wé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">warag (food, to eat), warden (provision), dawár (abode), wád (salt), kawwás (learned) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Y / y (<i>yé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">yád (remembrance), yár (friend), yázdah (eleven), beryáni (roasted meat), yakk (one) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z / z (<i>zé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">zarr (monay), zi (yesterday), mozz (wages), móz (banana), nazzíkk (nearby) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zh / zh (<i>zhé</i>) </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align:left">zhand (tired), zháng (bells), pazhm (wool), gazzhag (to swell), gozhnag (hungry) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><b>Latin digraphs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ay / ay </td> <td>[aj] </td> <td style="text-align:left">ayb (fault), say (three), kay (who) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aw / aw </td> <td>[aw] </td> <td style="text-align:left">awali (first), hawr (rain), kawl (promise), gawk (neck) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soviet_alphabet">Soviet alphabet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Soviet alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> adopted a Latin-based alphabet for Balochi as follows: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:large; text-align: center;" summary="Thirty one letters of the Balochi Latin alphabet, lowercase" align="center"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><b>The Balochi alphabet in Latin</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">a</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ə</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ʙ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">c</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ç</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">d</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ᶁ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">e</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">f</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">g</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">h</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">i</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">j</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">k</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ʟ</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">m</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">n</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">o</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">p</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">q</i></span> </td> <td>['] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Non-latn text/Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">r</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">s</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">t</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ƫ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">u</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">v</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">w</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">x</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">z</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><i lang="bal-Latn">ƶ</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The alphabet was used for several texts, including children's books, newspapers, and ideological works. In 1938, however, the official use of Balochi was discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyrillic_alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cyrillic alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, Mammad Sherdil, a teacher from the <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen SSR">Turkmen SSR</a>, approached Balochi language researcher Sergei Axenov with the idea of creating a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a>-based alphabet for Balochi. Before this, the Cyrillic script was already used for writing Balochi and was used in several publications but the alphabet was not standardized. In 1990, the alphabet was finished. It included the following letters: </p> <table cellpadding="4" style="font-size:large; text-align: center;" summary="Forty two letters of the Balochi Cyrillic alphabet, lowercase" align="center"> <caption style="font-size:smaller;"><b>The Balochi alphabet in Cyrillic</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>[a] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> </td> <td>[ā] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">б</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">в</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">г</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ғ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">д</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">д̨</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">е</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ё</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ж</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">җ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">з</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">и</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ӣ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">й</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">к</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">қ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">л</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">м</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">н</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">о</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">п</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">р</span></span> </td> <td>[ꝑ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">с</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">т</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">т̵</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">у</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ӯ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ф</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">х</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ц</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ч</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ш</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">щ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ъ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ы</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ь</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">э</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ю</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">я</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The project was approved with some minor changes (<span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">қ</span></span>, [ꝑ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>, and <span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">ы</span></span> were removed due to the rarity of those sounds in Balochi, and <span title="Balochi-language text"><span lang="bal-Cyrl">о̄</span></span> was added). From 1992 to 1993, several primary school textbooks were printed in this script. In the early 2000s, the script fell out of use.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e26-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bal">Balochi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bgp">Eastern Balochi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bgn">Western Balochi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bcc">Southern Balochi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karteng/iran/irann.htm">"worldhistory"</a>. <i>titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de&rft.atitle=worldhistory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftitus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de%2Fdidact%2Fkarteng%2Firan%2Firann.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spooner2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spooner2011_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpooner2011" class="citation book cs1">Spooner, Brian (2011). "10. Balochi: Towards a Biography of the Language". In Schiffman, Harold F. (ed.). <i>Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors</i>. Brill. p. 319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004201453" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004201453"><bdi>978-9004201453</bdi></a>. <q>It [Balochi] is spoken by three to five million people in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Oman and the Persian Gulf states, Turkmenistan, East Africa, and diaspora communities in other parts of the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=10.+Balochi%3A+Towards+a+Biography+of+the+Language&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+and+Language+Conflict+in+Afghanistan+and+Its+Neighbors&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9004201453&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf">"Table 11 – Population by Mother Tongue, Sex and Rural/Urban"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Pakistan Bureau of Statistics">Pakistan Bureau of Statistics</a></i>. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet. pp. 71–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-554-4679-5" title="Special:BookSources/91-554-4679-5"><bdi>91-554-4679-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+Society%3A+Eight+Sociolinguistic+Essays+on+Balochi&rft.place=Uppsala&rft.series=Acta+Universitatis+Upsaliensis.+Studia+Iranica+Upsaliensia&rft.pages=71-78&rft.pub=Uppsala+Universitet&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=91-554-4679-5&rft.aulast=Axenov&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKokaislova_P.2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kokaislova P., Kokaisl P. (2012). <i><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Центральная Азия и Кавказ</span></span></i> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1403-7068">1403-7068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Russian-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22%3E%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Russian-language+text&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=1403-7068&rft.aulast=Kokaislova+P.&rft.aufirst=Kokaisl+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDames1922" class="citation book cs1">Dames, Mansel Longworth (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textbookofbaloch00damerich"><i>A Text Book of the Balochi Language: Consisting of Miscellaneous Stories, Legends, Poems, and a Balochi-English Vocabulary</i></a>. Lahore: Punjab Government Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Text+Book+of+the+Balochi+Language%3A+Consisting+of+Miscellaneous+Stories%2C+Legends%2C+Poems%2C+and+a+Balochi-English+Vocabulary&rft.place=Lahore&rft.pub=Punjab+Government+Press&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Dames&rft.aufirst=Mansel+Longworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftextbookofbaloch00damerich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrell1990" class="citation book cs1">Farrell, Tim (1990). <i>Basic Balochi: an introductory course</i>. Naples: Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale". <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40953807">40953807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Balochi%3A+an+introductory+course&rft.place=Naples&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A0+degli+Studi+di+Napoli+%22L%27Orientale%22&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40953807&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahaniKorn2009" class="citation book cs1">Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes (2009). "Balochi". In Windfuhr, Gernot (ed.). <i>The Iranian languages</i>. Routledge Language Family Series (1st ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 634–692. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1131-4"><bdi>978-0-7007-1131-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balochi&rft.btitle=The+Iranian+languages&rft.place=London&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Series&rft.pages=634-692&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1131-4&rft.aulast=Jahani&rft.aufirst=Carina&rft.au=Korn%2C+Agnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge2006" class="citation book cs1">Serge, Axenov (2006). <i>The Balochi language of Turkmenistan: a corpus based grammatical description</i>. Stockholm: Uppsala Universitet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-554-6766-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-554-6766-1"><bdi>978-91-554-6766-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/82163314">82163314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balochi+language+of+Turkmenistan%3A+a+corpus+based+grammatical+description&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Uppsala+Universitet&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F82163314&rft.isbn=978-91-554-6766-1&rft.aulast=Serge&rft.aufirst=Axenov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahaniKorn2003" class="citation conference cs1">Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes, eds. (2003). <i>The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times</i>. In cooperation with Gunilla Gren-Eklund. Wiesbaden: Reichert. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89500-366-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89500-366-0"><bdi>978-3-89500-366-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55149070">55149070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Baloch+and+Their+Neighbours%3A+Ethnic+and+Linguistic+Contact+in+Balochistan+in+Historical+and+Modern+Times&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Reichert&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55149070&rft.isbn=978-3-89500-366-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahani2000" class="citation book cs1">Jahani, Carina, ed. (2000). <i>Language in society: eight sociolinguistic essays on Balochi</i>. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Uppsala University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-554-4679-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-554-4679-6"><bdi>978-91-554-4679-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44509598">44509598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+society%3A+eight+sociolinguistic+essays+on+Balochi&rft.series=Acta+Universitatis+Upsaliensis&rft.pub=Uppsala+University&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44509598&rft.isbn=978-91-554-4679-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <dl><dt>Dictionaries and lexicographical works</dt></dl> <ul><li>Gilbertson, George W. 1925. <i>English-Balochi colloquial dictionary</i>. Hertford: Stephen Austin & Sons.</li> <li>Ahmad, K. 1985. <i>Baluchi Glossary: A Baluchi-English Glossary: Elementary Level</i>. Dunwoody Press.</li> <li>Badal Khan, S. 1990. <i>Mán Balócíá Darí Zubánání Judá</i>. Labzánk Vol. 1(3): pp. 11–15.</li> <li>Abdulrrahman Pahwal. 2007. <i>Balochi Gálband: Balochi/Pashto/Dari/English Dictionary</i>. Peshawar: Al-Azhar Book Co. p. 374.</li> <li>Mír Ahmad Dihání. 2000. <i>Mír Ganj: Balócí/Balócí/Urdú</i>. Karachi: Balóc Ittihád Adabí Akedimí. p. 427.</li> <li>Bruce, R. I. 1874. <i>Manual and Vocabulary of the Beluchi Dialect</i>. Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press. vi 154 p.</li> <li>Ishák Xámúś. 2014. <i>Balochi Dictionary: Balochi/Urdu/English</i>. Karachi: Aataar Publications. p. 444.</li> <li>Nágumán. 2011. <i>Balócí Gál: Ambáre Nókáz (Balochi/English/Urdu)</i>. Básk. p. 245.</li> <li>Nágumán. 2014. <i>Jutgál. Makkurán: Nigwar Labzánkí Majlis</i>. p. 64.</li> <li>Ghulám Razá Azarlí. 2016. <i>Farhange Kúcak: Pársí/Balúcí</i>. Pársí Anjuman.</li> <li>Hashmi, S. Z. S. 2000. <i>Sayad Ganj: Balochi-Balochi Dictionary</i>. Karachi: Sayad Hashmi Academy. P. 887.</li> <li>Ulfat Nasím. 2005. <i>Tibbí Lughat</i>. Balócí Akademí. p. 260.</li> <li>Gulzár Xán Marí. 2005. <i>Gwaśtin</i>. Balócí Akedimí. p. 466.</li> <li>Raśíd Xán. 2010. <i>Batal, Guśtin, Puźdánk, Ghanŧ</i>. Tump: Wafá Labzání Majlis. p. 400.</li> <li>Śe Ragám. 2012. <i>Batal, Gwaśtin u Gálband</i>. Balócí Akademí. p. 268.</li> <li>Abdul Azíz Daolatí Baxśán. 1388. <i>Nám u Ném Nám: Farhang Námhá Balúcí</i>. Tihrán: Pázína. p. 180.</li> <li>Nazeer Dawood. 2007. <i>Balochi into English Dictionary</i>. Gwádar: Drad Publications. p. 208.</li> <li>Abdul Kaiúm Balóc. 2005. <i>Balócí Búmíá</i>. Balócí Akademí. p. 405.</li> <li>Ján Mahmad Daśtí. 2015. <i>Balócí Labz Balad [Balochi/Balochi Dictionary]</i>. Balócí Akademí. p. 1255.</li> <li>Bogoljubov, Mixail, et al. (eds.). <i>Indoiranskoe jazykoznanie i tipologija jazykovyx situacij. Sbornik statej k 75-letiju professora A. L. Gryunberga</i>. St. Pétersbourg (Nauka). pp. 201–212.</li> <li>Marri, M. K. and Marri, S. K. 1970. <i>Balúcí-Urdú Lughat</i>. Quetta: Balochi Academy. 332 p.</li> <li>Mayer, T. J. L. 1900. <i>English-Baluchi Dictionary</i>. Lahore: Government Press.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Orthography</dt></dl> <ul><li>Jahani, Carina. 1990. <i>Standardization and orthography in the Balochi language</i>. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia. Uppsala, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell Internat.</li> <li>Sayad Háśumí. 1964. <i>Balócí Syáhag u Rást Nibíssag</i>. Dabai: Sayad Háśumí Balóc. p. 144.</li> <li>Ghaos Bahár. 1998. Balócí Lékwaŕ. Balócí Akademí. p. 227.</li> <li>Ziá Balóc. 2015. <i>Balócí Rást Nibíssí</i>. Raísí Cáp u Śingjáh. p. 264.</li> <li>Axtar Nadím. 1997. <i>Nibiśta Ráhband</i>. Balócí Akedimí. p. 206.</li> <li>Táj Balóc. 2015. <i>Sarámad (Roman Orthography)</i>. Bahren: Balóc Kalab. p. 110.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Courses and study guides</dt></dl> <ul><li>Barker, Muhammad A. and Aaqil Khan Mengal. 1969. <i>A course in Baluchi</i>. Montreal: McGill University.</li> <li>Collett, Nigel A. 1986. <i>A Grammar, Phrase-book, and Vocabulary of Baluchi (As Spoken in the Sultanate of Oman)</i>. Abingdon: Burgess & Son.</li> <li>Natawa, T. 1981. <i>Baluchi (Asian and African Grammatical Manuals 17b)</i>. Tokyo. 351 p.</li> <li>Munazzih Batúl Baóc. 2008. <i>Ásán Balúcí Bólcál</i>. Balócí Akademí. p. 152.</li> <li>Abdul Azíz Jázimí. <i>Balócí Gappe Káidaián</i>. p. 32.</li> <li>Muhammad Zarrín Nigár. <i>Dastúr Tatbíkí Zabáne Balúcí bá Fársí</i>. Íránśahr: Bunyáde Naśre Farhange Balóc. p. 136.</li> <li>Gilbertson, George W. 1923. <i>The Balochi language. A grammar and manual</i>. Hertford: Stephen Austin & Sons.</li> <li>Bugti, A. M. 1978. <i>Balócí-Urdú Bólcál</i>. Quetta: Kalat Publications.</li> <li>Ayyúb Ayyúbí. 1381. <i>Dastúr Zabán Fársí bih Balúcí</i>. Íránśahr: Intiśárát Asátír. p. 200.</li> <li>Hitturam, R. B. 1881. <i>Biluchi Nameh: A Text-book of the Biluchi Language</i>. Lahore.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Etymological and historical studies</dt></dl> <ul><li>Elfenbein, J. 1985. Balochi from Khotan. In: Studia Iranica. Vol. XIV (2): 223–238.</li> <li>Gladstone, C. E. 1874. Biluchi Handbook. Lahore.</li> <li>Hashmi, S. Z. S. 1986. Balúcí Zabán va Adab kí Táríx [The History of Balochi language and Literature: A Survey]. Karachi: Sayad Hashmi Academy.</li> <li>Korn, A. 2005. Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi. Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary [Beiträge zur Iranistik 26]. Wiesbaden (Reichert).</li> <li>Korn, A. 2009. The Ergative System in Balochi from a Typological Perspective // Iranian Journal for Applied Language Studies I. pp. 43–79.</li> <li>Korn, A. 2003. The Outcome of Proto-Iranian *ṛ in Balochi // Iran : Questions et connaissances. Actes du IVe congrès européen des études iraniennes, organisé par la Societas Iranologica Europaea, Paris, 6–10 septembre 1999. III : Cultures et sociétés contemporaines, éd. Bernard HOURCADE [Studia Iranica Cahier 27]. Leuven (Peeters). pp. 65–75.</li> <li>Mengal, A. K. 1990. A Persian-Pahlavi-Balochi Vocabulary I (A-C). Quetta: Balochi Academy.</li> <li>Morgenstiene, G. 1932. Notes on Balochi Etymology. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap. p. 37–53.</li> <li>Moshkalo, V. V. 1988. Reflections of the Old Iranian Preverbs on the Baluchi Verbs. Naples: Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies. No. 5: pp. 71–74.</li> <li>Moshkalo, V. V. 1991. Beludzskij Jazyk. In: Osnovy Iranskogo Jazykozanija. Novoiranskie Jazyki I. Moscow. p. 5–90.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Dialectology</dt></dl> <ul><li>Dames, M. L. 1881. A Sketch of the Northern Balochi Language. Calcutta: The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.</li> <li>Elfenbein, J. 1966. The Baluchi Language. A Dialectology with Text. London.</li> <li>Filipone, E. 1990. Organization of Space: Cognitive Models and Baluchi Dialectology. Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies. Naples. Vol. 7: pp. 29–39.</li> <li>Gafferberg, E. G. 1969. Beludzhi Turkmenskoi. SSR: Ocherki Khoziaistva Material'oni Kultuy I Byta. sn.</li> <li>Geiger, W. 1889. Etymologie des Baluci. Abhandlungen der I. Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. XIX(I): pp. 105–53.</li> <li>Marston, E. W. 1877. Grammar and Vocabulary of the Mekranee Beloochee Dialect. Bombay.</li> <li>Pierce, E. 1874. A Description of the Mekranee-Beloochee Dialect. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. XI: 1–98.</li> <li>Pierce, E. 1875. Makrani Balochi. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 11: N. 31.</li> <li>Rossi, A. V. 1979. Phonemics in Balochi and Modern Dialectology. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Iranica, pp. 161–232.</li> <li>Rahman, T. 1996. The Balochi/Brahvi Language Movements in Pakistan. <i>Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</i>. Vol. 19(3): 71–88.</li> <li>Rahman, T. 2001. The Learning of Balochi and Brahvi in Pakistan. <i>Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</i>. Vol. 24(4): 45–59.</li> <li>Rahman, T. 2002. Language Teaching and Power in Pakistan. <i>Indian Social Science Review</i>. 5(1): 45–61.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Language contact</dt></dl> <ul><li>Elfenbein, J. 1982. Notes on the Balochi-Brahui Linguistic Commensality. In: TPhS, pp. 77–98.</li> <li>Foxton, W. 1985. Arabic/Baluchi Bilingualism in Oman. Naples: Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies. N. 2 pp. 31–39.</li> <li>Natawa, T. 1970. The Baluchis in Afghanistan and their Language. pp. II:417-18. In: Endo, B. et al. Proceedings, VIIIth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, 1968, Tokyo and Kyoto. Tokyo: Science Council of Japan.</li> <li>Rzehak, L. 1995. Menschen des Rückens - Menschen des Bauches: Sprache und Wirklichkeit im Verwandtschaftssystem der Belutschen. pp. 207–229. In: Reck, C. & Zieme, P. (ed.); Iran und Turfan. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</li> <li>Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. "Balochi Phonology". In Kaye, Alan S. Phonologies of Asia and Africa. 1. pp. 761–776.</li> <li>Farideh Okati. 2012. The Vowel Systems of Five Iranian Balochi Dialects. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Studia linguistica Upsaliensia. p. 241.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Grammar and morphology</dt></dl> <ul><li>Farrell, Tim. 1989. A study of ergativity in Balochi.' M.A. thesis: School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London.</li> <li>Farrell, Tim. 1995. Fading ergativity? A study of ergativity in Balochi. In David C. Bennett, Theodora Bynon & B. George Hewitt (eds.), Subject, voice, and ergativity: Selected essays, 218–243. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.</li> <li>Korn, Agnes. 2009. Marking of arguments in Balochi ergative and mixed constructions. In Simin Karimi, VIda Samiian & Donald Stilo (eds.) Aspects of Iranian Linguistics, 249–276. Newcastle upon Tyne (UK): Cambridge Scholars Publishing.</li> <li>Abraham, W. 1996. The Aspect-Case Typology Correlation: Perfectivity Triggering Split Ergativity. Folia Linguistica Vol. 30 (1–2): pp. 5–34.</li> <li>Ahmadzai, N. K. B. M. 1984. The Grammar of Balochi Language. Quetta: Balochi Academy, iii, 193 p.</li> <li>Andronov, M. S. 2001. A Grammar of the Balochi Language in Comparative Treatment. Munich.</li> <li>Bashir, E. L. 1991. A Contrastive Analysis of Balochi and Urdu. Washington, D.C. Academy for Educational Development, xxiii, 333 p.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahani1994" class="citation journal cs1">Jahani, C. (1994). "Notes on the Use of Genitive Construction Versus Izafa Construction in Iranian Balochi". <i>Studia Iranica</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 285–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2143%2FSI.23.2.2014308">10.2143/SI.23.2.2014308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Use+of+Genitive+Construction+Versus+Izafa+Construction+in+Iranian+Balochi&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=285-98&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2143%2FSI.23.2.2014308&rft.aulast=Jahani&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahani1999" class="citation journal cs1">Jahani, C. (1999). "Persian Influence on Some Verbal Constructions in Iranian Balochi". <i>Studia Iranica</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 123–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2143%2FSI.28.1.2003920">10.2143/SI.28.1.2003920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Persian+Influence+on+Some+Verbal+Constructions+in+Iranian+Balochi&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-143&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2143%2FSI.28.1.2003920&rft.aulast=Jahani&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorn2008" class="citation journal cs1">Korn, A. (2008). "A New Locative Case in Turkmenistan Balochi". <i><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Caucasus" title="Iran and the Caucasus">Iran and the Caucasus</a></i>. <b>12</b>: 83–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157338408X326226">10.1163/157338408X326226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=A+New+Locative+Case+in+Turkmenistan+Balochi&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=83-99&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157338408X326226&rft.aulast=Korn&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jahani, Carina. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1372275&dswid=8949">A Grammar of Modern Standard Balochi</a></i>. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-513-0820-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-513-0820-3">978-91-513-0820-3</a>.</li> <li>Leech, R. 1838. Grammar of the Balochky Language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. VII(2): p. 608.</li> <li>Mockler, E. 1877. Introduction to a Grammar of the Balochee Language. London.</li> <li>Nasir, K. A. B. M. 1975. Balócí Kárgónag. Quetta.</li> <li>Sabir, A. R. 1995. Morphological Similarities in Brahui and Balochi Languages. International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics. Vol. 24(1): 1–8.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Semantics</dt></dl> <ul><li>Elfenbein, J. 1992. Measurement of Time and Space in Balochi. Studia Iranica, Vol. 21(2): pp. 247–254.</li> <li>Filipone, E. 1996. Spatial Models and Locative Expressions in Baluchi. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orietale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. 427 p.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Miscellaneous and surveys</dt></dl> <ul><li>Baloch, B. A. 1986. Balochi: On the Move. In: Mustada, Zubeida, ed. The South Asian Century: 1900–1999. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. 163–167.</li> <li>Bausani, A. 1971. Baluchi Language and Literature. Mahfil: A Quarterly of South Asian Literature, Vol. 7 (1–2): pp. 43–54.</li> <li>Munazzih Batúl Baóc. 2008. <i>Ásán Balúcí Bólcál</i>. Balócí Akademí. p. 633–644.</li> <li>Elfenbein, J. 1989. Balochi. In: SCHMITT, pp. 350–362.</li> <li>Geiger, W. 1901. Die Sprache der Balutschen. Geiger/Kuhn II, P. 231–248, Gelb, I. J. 1970. Makkan and Meluḫḫa in Early Mesopotamian Sources. Revue d'Assyriologie. Vol. LXIV: pp. 1–8.</li> <li>Gichky, N. 1986. Baluchi Language and its Early Literature. Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies. No. 3, pp. 17–24.</li> <li>Grierson, G. A. 1921. Balochi. In: Linguistic Survey of India X: Specimens of Languages of Eranian Family. Calcutta. pp. 327–451.</li> <li>Ibragimov, B. 1973. Beludzhi Pakistana. Sots.-ekon. Polozhenie v Pakist. Beludhistane I nats. dvizhnie beludzhei v 1947–1970. Moskva. 143 p.</li> <li>Jaffrey, A. A. 1964. New Trends in the Balochi Language. Bulletin of the Ancient Iranian Cultural Society. Vol. 1(3): 14–26.</li> <li>Jahani, C. Balochi. In: Garry, J. and Rubino, C. (eds.). Facts About World's Languages. New York: H. W. Wilson Company. pp. 59–64.</li> <li>Kamil Al-Qadri, S. M. 1969. Baluchi Language and Literature. Pakistan Quarterly. Vol. 17: pp. 60–65.</li> <li>Morgenstiene, G. 1969. The Baluchi Language. Pakistan Quarterly. Vol. 17: 56–59.</li> <li>Nasir, G. K. 1946. Riyásat Kalát kí Kaumí Zabán. Bolan.</li> <li>Rooman, A. 1967. A Brief Survey of Baluchi Literature and Language. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Vol. 15: 253–272.</li> <li>Rossi, A. V. 1982–1983. Linguistic Inquiries in Baluchistan Towards Integrated Methodologies. Naples: Newsletter of Baluchistan Studies. N.1: 51–66.</li> <li>Zarubin, I. 1930. Beiträge zum Studium von Sprache und Folklore der Belutschen. Zapiski Kollegii Vostokovedov. Vol. 5: 653–679.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochi_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">At <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a>:<ul><li style="margin:5px 10px"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/bal" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/bal">Balochi language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> </li><li style="margin:5px 10px"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/bgn" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/bgn">Western Balochi test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li><li style="margin:5px 10px"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/bcc" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/bcc">Southern Balochi test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li><li style="margin:5px 10px"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/bgp" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/bgp">Eastern Balochi test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Balochi_phrasebook#Q33049" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Balochi phrasebook">Balochi</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Balochi_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Balochi language">Balochi language</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li>Collett, N. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/collett/">A grammar, phrase book and vocabulary of Baluchi</a>: (as spoken in the Sultanate of Oman). 2nd ed. [Camberley]: [N.A. Collett], 1986.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansel_Longworth_Dames" title="Mansel Longworth Dames">Dames, Mansel Longworth</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/dames-sketch/">A sketch of the northern Balochi language</a>, containing a grammar, vocabulary and specimens of the language. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1881.</li> <li>Mumtaz Ahmad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/mumtaz/">Baluchi glossary</a>: a Baluchi-English glossary: elementary level. Kensington, Md.: Dunwoody Press, 1985.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurobaluchi.com/dictionary/index.htm">EuroBalúči online translation tool</a> – translate Balochi words to or from English, Persian, Spanish, Finnish and Swedish</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijunoon.com/balochidic/">iJunoon English to Balochi Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurobaluchi.com/">EuroBalúči</a> – Baluchi alphabet, grammar and music</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Baluchi"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Baluchi">"Baluchi" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baluchi&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochi+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jahani, C. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1372275&dswid=-5364">A Grammar of Modern Standard Balochi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwari_language" title="Dehwari language">Dehwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_language" title="Dawoodi language">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgi_language" title="Purgi language">Purgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badeshi language">Badeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-mun">Kalasha-mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamviri_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamviri dialect">Kamviri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhani_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekhani dialect">Shekhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristani_dialect" title="Waziristani dialect">Wazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabutra_language" title="Kabutra language">Kabutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pothwari Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaya_language" title="Bhaya language">Bhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_language" title="Jogi language">Jogi</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Pakistani Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Persian language in the Indian subcontinent">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_in_Pakistan" title="Hindi in Pakistan">Pakistani Hindi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:Languages of Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Languages of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Afghanistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">Languages of Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani</a> (language family)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askunu_language" title="Askunu language">Ashkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C3%AB_language" title="Katë language">Katë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_language" title="Moghol language">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamiri</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasi-wari" title="Wasi-wari">Prasun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregami_language" title="Tregami language">Tregami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-ala" title="Kalasha-ala">Waigali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemiaki_language" title="Zemiaki language">Zemiaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Sign_Language" title="Afghan Sign Language">Afghan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Iran" title="Template:Languages of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazanderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_languages" title="Circassian languages">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zargari_Romani" title="Zargari Romani">Zargari Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Persian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahveh_Khaneh_Sign_Language" title="Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language">Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Oman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Oman" title="Template:Languages of Oman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Oman" title="Template talk:Languages of Oman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Oman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Oman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Oman">Languages of Oman</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/32px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/48px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/64px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oman" title="Portal:Oman">Oman portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main foreign language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E1%B9%AD%E1%B8%A5ari_language" title="Baṭḥari language">Baṭḥari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4arsusi_language" title="Ḥarsusi language">Ḥarsusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoby%C3%B3t_language" title="Hobyót language">Hobyót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_language" title="Kumzari language">Kumzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwati_language" title="Luwati language">Luwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehri_language" title="Mehri language">Mehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehri_language" title="Shehri language">Shehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties of Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic" title="Bahrani Arabic">Bahrani Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Arabic" title="Omani Arabic">Omani Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhofari_Arabic" title="Dhofari Arabic">Dhofari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihhi_Arabic" title="Shihhi Arabic">Shihhi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Sign_Language" title="Omani Sign Language">Omani Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Bahrain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Bahrain" title="Template:Languages of Bahrain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Bahrain" title="Template talk:Languages of Bahrain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Bahrain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Bahrain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Bahrain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bahrain">Languages of Bahrain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic" title="Bahrani Arabic">Bahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semiofficial language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_Aryan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo Aryan languages">Indo Aryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Sign Language">Arabic Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Main foreign languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_languages" title="Template talk:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Iranian language">Proto-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Old_Iranian" title="Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Middle_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Middle Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#New_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">New Iranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushani_language" title="Rushani language">Rushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanglechi_language" title="Sanglechi language">Sanglechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartangi_language" title="Bartangi language">Bartangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshori_dialect" title="Oroshori dialect">Oroshori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanji_language" title="Vanji language">Vanji</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazghulami_language" title="Yazghulami language">Yazghulami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_language" title="Bactrian language">Bactrian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachi_language" title="Parachi language">Parachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pashto" title="Central Pashto">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pashto" title="Northern Pashto">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pashto" title="Southern Pashto">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarghulami" title="Sarghulami">Sarghulami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scythian</a></i> <ul><li><i>Alanian</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_Ossetian" title="Digor Ossetian">Digor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ossetian" title="Iron Ossetian">Iron</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jassic_dialect" title="Jassic dialect">Jassic</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtiani_language" title="Ashtiani language">Ashtiani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makrani_dialect" title="Makrani dialect">Makrani</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daylami_language" title="Daylami language">Daylami</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Fars" title="Dialects of Fars">Fars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgani_language" title="Gorgani language">Gorgani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karingani_language" title="Karingani language">Karingani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordali_language" title="Kordali language">Kordali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazanderani</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabaroid_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabaroid dialects (page does not exist)">Tabaroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Median_language" title="Median language">Median</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri" title="Old Azeri">Old Azeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_languages" title="Semnani languages">Semnani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasgerdi_language" title="Lasgerdi language">Lasgerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangsari_language" title="Sangsari language">Sangsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorkhei_language" title="Sorkhei language">Sorkhei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatoid_dialects" title="Tatoid dialects">Tatoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Dari_language" title="Zoroastrian Dari language">Zoroastrian Dari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_language" title="Bashkardi language">Bashkardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmsiri_language" title="Garmsiri language">Garmsiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhmareyi_language" title="Kuhmareyi language">Kuhmareyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_language" title="Kumzari language">Kumzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_dialect" title="Bakhtiari dialect">Bakhtiari</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavani_language" title="Pahlavani language">Pahlavani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Caucasian Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct</a> or <a href="/wiki/Historical_language" title="Historical language">historical languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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