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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Les Six</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_Six-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Collaborations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Collaborations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1920:_L'Album_des_Six" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920:_L'Album_des_Six"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1920: <i>L'Album des Six</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920:_L'Album_des_Six-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1921:_Les_mariés_de_la_tour_Eiffel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1921:_Les_mariés_de_la_tour_Eiffel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1921: <i>Les mariés de la tour Eiffel</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1921:_Les_mariés_de_la_tour_Eiffel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1927:_L'éventail_de_Jeanne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1927:_L'éventail_de_Jeanne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1927: <i>L'éventail de Jeanne</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1927:_L'éventail_de_Jeanne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1949:_Mouvements_du_coeur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1949:_Mouvements_du_coeur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1949: <i>Mouvements du coeur</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1949:_Mouvements_du_coeur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1952:_La_Guirlande_de_Campra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952:_La_Guirlande_de_Campra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>1952: <i>La Guirlande de Campra</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952:_La_Guirlande_de_Campra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1956:_Variations_sur_le_nom_de_Marguerite_Long" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1956:_Variations_sur_le_nom_de_Marguerite_Long"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>1956: <i>Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1956:_Variations_sur_le_nom_de_Marguerite_Long-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_music_by_individual_members_of_Les_Six" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_music_by_individual_members_of_Les_Six"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Selected music by individual members of Les Six</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_music_by_individual_members_of_Les_Six-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Les Six</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_dels_Sis" title="Grup dels Sis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup dels Sis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1estka" title="Pařížská šestka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pařížská šestka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_des_Six" title="Groupe des Six – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Groupe des Six" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Seis" title="Los Seis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los Seis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Sesopo" title="La Sesopo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Sesopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%B4" title="گروه شش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه شش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_des_Six_(musique)" title="Groupe des Six (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe des Six (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_6%EC%9D%B8%EC%A1%B0" title="프랑스 6인조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 6인조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF_(%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2)" title="Վեցյակ (կոմպոզիտորների խումբ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեցյակ (կոմպոզիտորների խումբ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_dei_Sei" title="Gruppo dei Sei – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gruppo dei Sei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94" title="קבוצת השישה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצת השישה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_hatok" title="Francia hatok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia hatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_des_Six" title="Groupe des Six – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groupe des Six" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B96%E4%BA%BA%E7%B5%84" title="フランス6人組 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス6人組" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_des_Six" title="Groupe des Six – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Groupe des Six" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Шестёрка (группа композиторов) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шестёрка (группа композиторов)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%AD%C5%BEska_%C5%A1estka" title="Parížska šestka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parížska šestka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шесторка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шесторка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Les Six" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Французька шістка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька шістка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A2" title="六人团 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="六人团" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q841212#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Les_Six_Tableau.jpg/435px-Les_Six_Tableau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Les_Six_Tableau.jpg/580px-Les_Six_Tableau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="4062" /></a><figcaption><i>Le Groupe des six</i>, 1922, painting by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-%C3%89mile_Blanche" title="Jacques-Émile Blanche">Jacques-Émile Blanche</a>. In this painting of eight people, only five of <i>Les Six</i> are represented; <a href="/wiki/Louis_Durey" title="Louis Durey">Louis Durey</a> was not present. In the center: pianist <a href="/wiki/Marcelle_Meyer" title="Marcelle Meyer">Marcelle Meyer</a>. On the left, from bottom to top: <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Tailleferre" title="Germaine Tailleferre">Germaine Tailleferre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Wiener" title="Jean Wiener">Jean Wiener</a>. On the right, standing <a href="/wiki/Francis_Poulenc" title="Francis Poulenc">Francis Poulenc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>; and seated <a href="/wiki/Georges_Auric" title="Georges Auric">Georges Auric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bialek_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bialek-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"<b>Les Six</b>" (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[le<span class="wrap"> </span>sis]</a></span>) is a name given to a group of six composers, five of them French and one Swiss, who lived and worked in <a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a>. The name has its origins in two 1920 articles by critic <a href="/wiki/Henri_Collet" title="Henri Collet">Henri Collet</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C5%93dia_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comœdia (journal)">Comœdia</a></i> (see <a href="#Bibliography">Bibliography</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-collet1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collet1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-collet2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collet2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their music is often seen as a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">neoclassic</a> reaction against both the musical style of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Impressionist_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionist music">Impressionist music</a> of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The members were <a href="/wiki/Georges_Auric" title="Georges Auric">Georges Auric</a> (1899–1983), <a href="/wiki/Louis_Durey" title="Louis Durey">Louis Durey</a> (1888–1979), <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a> (1892–1955), <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a> (1892–1974), <a href="/wiki/Francis_Poulenc" title="Francis Poulenc">Francis Poulenc</a> (1899–1963), and <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Tailleferre" title="Germaine Tailleferre">Germaine Tailleferre</a> (1892–1983). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_nouveaux_jeunes"><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les nouveaux jeunes</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Les nouveaux jeunes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Les_Six" title="Special:EditPage/Les Six">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1917, when many theatres and concert halls were closed because of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Blaise Cendrars</a> and the painter <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%AFse_Kisling" title="Moïse Kisling">Moïse Kisling</a> decided to put on concerts at 6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_Huyghens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue Huyghens (page does not exist)">rue Huyghens</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/rue_Huyghens" class="extiw" title="fr:rue Huyghens">fr</a>]</span>, the studio of the painter <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Lejeune_(painter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Lejeune (painter) (page does not exist)">Émile Lejeune</a> (1885–1964). For the first of these events, the walls of the studio were decorated with canvases by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a>, and others. Music by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a>, Honegger, Auric, and Durey was played. This concert gave Satie the idea of assembling a group of composers around himself to be known as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les nouveaux jeunes</i></span></i>, forerunners of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les Six</i></span>. Soon after, Honegger suggested that Milhaud should be a part of the group, and a famous Spanish pianist named Ricardo Viñes introduced Poulenc to the group. Later, Germaine Tailleferre was slowly incorporated into the group thus establishing the Les Six.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_Six">Les Six</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Les Six"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Milhaud: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[Collet] chose six names absolutely arbitrarily, those of Auric, Durey, Honegger, Poulenc, Tailleferre and me simply because we knew each other and we were pals and appeared on the same musical programmes, no matter if our temperaments and personalities weren't at all the same! Auric and Poulenc followed ideas of Cocteau, Honegger followed German Romanticism, and myself, Mediterranean lyricism!<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (July 2021)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ivry 1996</cite></div></blockquote> <p>And according to Poulenc: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The diversity of our music, of our tastes and distastes, precluded any common aesthetic. What could be more different than the music of Honegger and Auric? Milhaud admired <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A9ric_Magnard" title="Albéric Magnard">Magnard</a>, I did not; neither of us liked <a href="/wiki/Florent_Schmitt" title="Florent Schmitt">Florent Schmitt</a>, whom Honegger respected; Arthur [Honegger] on the other hand had a deep-seated scorn for <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a>, whom Auric, Milhaud and I adored.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Quoted in Mark Amory, <i>Lord Berners: The Last Eccentric</i>, 1998, ch. VI</cite></div></blockquote> <p>But, that is only one reading of how the Groupe des Six originated. Other authors, like <a href="/wiki/Ornella_Volta" title="Ornella Volta">Ornella Volta</a>, stressed the manoeuvrings of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> to become the leader of an <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> group devoted to music, like the <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealist</a> groups which had sprung up in <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> shortly before, with <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a> as their key representatives. The fact that Satie had abandoned the <i>Nouveaux jeunes</i> less than a year after starting the group, was the "gift from heaven" that made it all come true for Cocteau: his 1918 publication, <i>Le Coq et l'Arlequin</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-coq_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is said to have kicked it off. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Jean Cocteau and Les Six began to frequent a bar known as "La Gaya" which became <i><a href="/wiki/Le_B%C5%93uf_sur_le_toit_(cabaret)" title="Le Bœuf sur le toit (cabaret)">Le Bœuf sur le toit</a></i> (The Ox on the Roof) when the establishment moved to larger quarters. As the famous ballet by Milhaud had been conceived at the old premises, the new bar took on the name of <a href="/wiki/Le_b%C5%93uf_sur_le_toit" class="mw-redirect" title="Le bœuf sur le toit">Milhaud's ballet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the renamed bar's opening night, pianist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Wi%C3%A9ner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Wiéner">Jean Wiéner</a> played tunes by <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Youmans" title="Vincent Youmans">Vincent Youmans</a> while Cocteau and Milhaud played percussion. Among those in attendance were impresario <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Serge Diaghilev</a>, artist <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">René Clair</a>, singer <a href="/wiki/Jane_Bathori" title="Jane Bathori">Jane Bathori</a>, and actor and singer <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a>. Another frequent guest was the young American composer <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Thomson" title="Virgil Thomson">Virgil Thomson</a> whose compositions in subsequent years were influenced by members of Les Six.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collaborations">Collaborations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Collaborations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the group did not exist to work on compositions <a href="/wiki/Classical_music_written_in_collaboration" title="Classical music written in collaboration">collaboratively</a>, there were six occasions, spread over 36 years, on which at least some members of the group did work together on the same project. On only one of these occasions was the entire Groupe des Six involved; in some others, composers from outside the group also participated. </p><p>Auric and Poulenc were involved in all six of these collaborations, Milhaud in five, Honegger and Tailleferre in three, but Durey in only one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920:_L'Album_des_Six"><span id="1920:_L.27Album_des_Six"></span>1920: <i>L'Album des Six</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1920: L'Album des Six"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1920 the group published an album of piano pieces together, known as <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Album_des_Six" title="L'Album des Six">L'Album des Six</a></i>. This was the only work in which all six composers collaborated. </p> <ol><li><i>Prélude</i> (1919) – <b>Auric</b></li> <li><i>Romance sans paroles</i>, Op. 21 (1919) – <b>Durey</b></li> <li><i>Sarabande</i>, H 26 (1920) – <b>Honegger</b></li> <li><i>Mazurka</i> (1914) – <b>Milhaud</b></li> <li><i>Valse in C</i>, <a href="/wiki/FP_(Poulenc)#17" class="mw-redirect" title="FP (Poulenc)">FP 17</a> (1919) – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>Pastorale, Enjoué</i> (1919) – <b>Tailleferre</b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1921:_Les_mariés_de_la_tour_Eiffel"><span id="1921:_Les_mari.C3.A9s_de_la_tour_Eiffel"></span>1921: <i>Les mariés de la tour Eiffel</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1921: Les mariés de la tour Eiffel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1921, five of the members jointly composed the music for Cocteau's ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Les_mari%C3%A9s_de_la_tour_Eiffel" title="Les mariés de la tour Eiffel">Les mariés de la tour Eiffel</a></i>, which was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_su%C3%A9dois" title="Ballets suédois">Ballets suédois</a>, the rival to the Ballets Russes. Cocteau had originally proposed the project to Auric, but as Auric did not finish rapidly enough to fit into the rehearsal schedule, he then divided the work up among the other members of Les Six. Durey, who was not in Paris at the time, chose not to participate. The première was the occasion of a public scandal rivalling that of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">Le sacre du printemps</a></i> in 1913. In spite of this, <i>Les mariés de la tour Eiffel</i> was in the repertoire of the Ballets suédois throughout the 1920s. </p> <ol><li><i>Overture</i> (14 July) – <b>Auric</b></li> <li><i>Marche nuptiale</i> – <b>Milhaud</b></li> <li><i>Discours du General</i> (Polka) – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>La Baigneuse de Trouville</i> – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>La Fugue du Massacre</i> – <b>Milhaud</b></li> <li><i>La Valse des Depeches</i> – <b>Tailleferre</b></li> <li><i>Marche funèbre</i> – <b>Honegger</b></li> <li><i>Quadrille</i> – <b>Tailleferre</b></li> <li><i>Ritournelles</i> – <b>Auric</b></li> <li><i>Sortie de la Noce</i> – <b>Milhaud</b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1927:_L'éventail_de_Jeanne"><span id="1927:_L.27.C3.A9ventail_de_Jeanne"></span>1927: <i>L'éventail de Jeanne</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1927: L'éventail de Jeanne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1927, Auric, Milhaud and Poulenc, along with seven other composers who were not part of Les Six, jointly composed the children's ballet <i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%A9ventail_de_Jeanne" title="L'éventail de Jeanne">L'éventail de Jeanne</a></i>. </p> <ol><li><i>Fanfare</i> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a></li> <li><i>Marche</i> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Octave_Ferroud" title="Pierre-Octave Ferroud">Pierre-Octave Ferroud</a></li> <li><i>Valse</i> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ibert" title="Jacques Ibert">Jacques Ibert</a></li> <li><i>Canarie</i> – <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Roland-Manuel" title="Alexis Roland-Manuel">Alexis Roland-Manuel</a></li> <li><i>Bourrée</i> – <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Delannoy" title="Marcel Delannoy">Marcel Delannoy</a></li> <li><i>Sarabande</i> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Roussel" title="Albert Roussel">Albert Roussel</a></li> <li><i>Polka</i> – <b>Milhaud</b></li> <li><i>Pastourelle</i> – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>Rondeau</i> – <b>Auric</b></li> <li>Finale: <i>Kermesse-Valse</i> – <a href="/wiki/Florent_Schmitt" title="Florent Schmitt">Florent Schmitt</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1949:_Mouvements_du_coeur">1949: <i>Mouvements du coeur</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1949: Mouvements du coeur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, Auric, Milhaud and Poulenc, along with three other composers, jointly wrote <i>Mouvements du coeur: Un hommage à la mémoire de <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a>, 1810–1849</i>, a suite of songs for baritone or bass and piano on words of Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin in commemoration of the centenary of the death of Frédéric Chopin. </p> <ol><li><i>Prélude</i> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauguet" title="Henri Sauguet">Henri Sauguet</a></li> <li><i>Mazurka</i> – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>Valse</i> – <b>Auric</b></li> <li><i>Scherzo impromptu</i> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7aix" title="Jean Françaix">Jean Françaix</a></li> <li><i>Étude</i> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9o_Preger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léo Preger (page does not exist)">Léo Preger</a></li> <li><i>Ballade nocturne</i> – <b>Milhaud</b></li> <li><i>Postlude: Polonaise</i> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauguet" title="Henri Sauguet">Henri Sauguet</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1952:_La_Guirlande_de_Campra">1952: <i>La Guirlande de Campra</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1952: La Guirlande de Campra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1952, Auric, Honegger, Poulenc, Tailleferre and three other composers collaborated on an orchestral work called <i><a href="/wiki/La_Guirlande_de_Campra" title="La Guirlande de Campra">La Guirlande de Campra</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Toccata</i> – <b>Honegger</b></li> <li><i>Sarabande et farandole</i> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lesur" title="Daniel Lesur">Daniel Lesur</a></li> <li><i>Canarie</i> – <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Roland-Manuel" title="Alexis Roland-Manuel">Alexis Roland-Manuel</a></li> <li><i>Sarabande</i> – <b>Tailleferre</b></li> <li><i>Matelote provençale</i> – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>Variation</i> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauguet" title="Henri Sauguet">Henri Sauguet</a></li> <li><i>Écossaise</i> – <b>Auric</b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1956:_Variations_sur_le_nom_de_Marguerite_Long">1956: <i>Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1956: Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1956, Auric, Milhaud, Poulenc and five other composers created an orchestral suite in honour of the pianist <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Long" title="Marguerite Long">Marguerite Long</a>, called <i><a href="/wiki/Variations_sur_le_nom_de_Marguerite_Long" title="Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long">Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long</a></i> </p> <ol><li><i>Hymne solennel</i> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7aix" title="Jean Françaix">Jean Françaix</a></li> <li><i>Variations en forme de Berceuse pour Marguerite Long</i> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Sauguet" title="Henri Sauguet">Henri Sauguet</a></li> <li><i>La Couronne de Marguerites</i> ("The Crown of Daisies"), <i>Valse en forme de rondo</i> – <b>Milhaud</b></li> <li><i>Nocturne</i> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rivier" title="Jean Rivier">Jean Rivier</a></li> <li><i>Sérénades</i> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Henri Dutilleux</a></li> <li><i>Intermezzo</i> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lesur" title="Daniel Lesur">Daniel Lesur</a></li> <li><i>Bucolique</i>, FP. 160<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <b>Poulenc</b></li> <li><i>ML (Allegro: Finale)</i> – <b>Auric</b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_music_by_individual_members_of_Les_Six">Selected music by individual members of Les Six</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected music by individual members of Les Six"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Georges_Auric" title="Category:Compositions by Georges Auric">Category:Compositions by Georges Auric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Louis_Durey" title="Category:Compositions by Louis Durey">Category:Compositions by Louis Durey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Arthur_Honegger" title="Category:Compositions by Arthur Honegger">Category:Compositions by Arthur Honegger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Darius_Milhaud" title="Category:Compositions by Darius Milhaud">Category:Compositions by Darius Milhaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Francis_Poulenc" title="Category:Compositions by Francis Poulenc">Category:Compositions by Francis Poulenc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Germaine_Tailleferre" title="Category:Compositions by Germaine Tailleferre">Category:Compositions by Germaine Tailleferre</a></div> <ul><li><i>Salade</i> by Milhaud; premiered 1924 in a production of Count Etienne de Beaumont</li> <li><i>La nouvelle Cythère</i> by Tailleferre; written in 1929 for the Ballets Russes and unproduced because of <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a>'s sudden death</li> <li><i>Cinq bagatelles</i> by Auric</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_biches" title="Les biches">Les biches</a></i>, ballet (1922/23) by Poulenc</li> <li><i>Le Bal Masqué</i>, cantate profane sur des poèmes de Max Jacob (Baritone, ensemble) (1932) by Poulenc</li> <li><i>Scaramouche</i> by Milhaud</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_B%C5%93uf_sur_le_toit" title="Le Bœuf sur le toit">Le Bœuf sur le toit</a></i> by Milhaud</li> <li>Sonate pour violon seul by Honegger</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_de_la_ch%C3%A8vre" title="Danse de la chèvre">Danse de la chèvre</a> (Dance of the Goat)</i> for solo flute by Honegger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonate_champ%C3%AAtre_(Tailleferre)" title="Sonate champêtre (Tailleferre)">Sonate champêtre for Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon and Piano</a> by Tailleferre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/32px-Audio_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/48px-Audio_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/64px-Audio_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Classical music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Five" title="American Five">American Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five (composers)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight_(music)" title="Group of Eight (music)">Grupo de los Ocho</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>: <i>Le Coq et l'Arlequin: Notes autour de la musique</i> (Paris: Éditions de la Sirène, 1918).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Collet" title="Henri Collet">Henri Collet</a>: "La Musique chez soi (XII): Un livre de Rimsky et un livre de Cocteau – Les Cinq russes, les Six français, et Erik Satie", in: <i>Comœdia</i>, 16 January 1920, p. 2.</li> <li>Henri Collet: "La Musique chez soi (XIII): "Les 'Six' français – Darius Milhaud, Louis Durey, Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc et Germaine Tailleferre", in: <i>Comœdia</i>, 23 January 1920, p. 2.</li> <li>Fondation Erik Satie (ed.): <i>Le Groupe des Six et ses amis: 70e anniversaire</i> (Paris: Placard, 1990), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-907523-01-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-907523-01-5">2-907523-01-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornella_Volta" title="Ornella Volta">Ornella Volta</a>: <i>Satie/Cocteau. Les Malentendus d'une entente</i> (Bègles: Le Castor Astral, 1993), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85920-208-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-85920-208-0">2-85920-208-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ivry" title="Benjamin Ivry">Benjamin Ivry</a>: <i>Francis Poulenc</i> (London: Phaidon Press, 1996), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7148-3503-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7148-3503-X">0-7148-3503-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nichols_(musical_scholar)" title="Roger Nichols (musical scholar)">Roger Nichols</a>: <i>The Harlequin Years: Music in Paris 1917–1929</i> (London: Thames & Hudson, 2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-51095-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-51095-4">0-500-51095-4</a>.</li> <li>Robert Shapiro: <i>Les Six: The French Composers and their Mentors Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie</i> (London/Chicago: Peter Owen, 2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-1293-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-1293-6">978-0-7206-1293-6</a>.</li> <li>Jane F. Fulcher: <i>The Composer as Intellectual. Music and Ideology in France, 1914–1940</i> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_L._Kelly" title="Barbara L. Kelly">Barbara L. Kelly</a>: <i>Music and Ultra-Modernism in France, a Fragile Consensus, 1913–1939</i> (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2013).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bialek-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bialek_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBialek2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Bialek, Mireille (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amis-musees-rouen.fr/fichiers/gazette/gazette_2012.pdf">"Jacques-Émile Blanche et le Groupe des Six"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>La Gazette des Amis des Musées de Rouen et du Havre</i>. No. 15. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Gazette+des+Amis+des+Mus%C3%A9es+de+Rouen+et+du+Havre&rft.atitle=Jacques-%C3%89mile+Blanche+et+le+Groupe+des+Six&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Bialek&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famis-musees-rouen.fr%2Ffichiers%2Fgazette%2Fgazette_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Six" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collet1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collet1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollet1920" class="citation magazine cs1">Collet, Henri (16 January 1920). "La Musique chez soi (XII): Un livre de Rimsky et un livre de Cocteau – Les Cinq russes, les Six français, et Erik Satie". <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C5%93dia_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comœdia (journal)">Comœdia</a></i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Com%C5%93dia&rft.atitle=La+Musique+chez+soi+%28XII%29%3A+Un+livre+de+Rimsky+et+un+livre+de+Cocteau+%E2%80%93+Les+Cinq+russes%2C+les+Six+fran%C3%A7ais%2C+et+Erik+Satie&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1920-01-16&rft.aulast=Collet&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Six" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collet2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collet2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollet1920" class="citation magazine cs1">Collet, Henri (23 January 1920). "La Musique chez soi (XIII): "Les 'Six' français – Darius Milhaud, Louis Durey, Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc et Germaine Tailleferre". <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C5%93dia_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comœdia (journal)">Comœdia</a></i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Com%C5%93dia&rft.atitle=La+Musique+chez+soi+%28XIII%29%3A+%22Les+%27Six%27+fran%C3%A7ais+%E2%80%93+Darius+Milhaud%2C+Louis+Durey%2C+Georges+Auric%2C+Arthur+Honegger%2C+Francis+Poulenc+et+Germaine+Tailleferre&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1920-01-23&rft.aulast=Collet&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Six" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChangSallehSun2024" class="citation journal cs1">Chang, Xuewei; Salleh, Marzelan Bin; Sun, Jifang (April 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Farts13020075">"Resonating Reflections: A Critical Review of Ethnosymbolic Dynamics in Les Six's Music Nationalism Movement"</a>. <i>Arts</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Farts13020075">10.3390/arts13020075</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-0752">2076-0752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts&rft.atitle=Resonating+Reflections%3A+A+Critical+Review+of+Ethnosymbolic+Dynamics+in+Les+Six%27s+Music+Nationalism+Movement&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=75&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Farts13020075&rft.issn=2076-0752&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Xuewei&rft.au=Salleh%2C+Marzelan+Bin&rft.au=Sun%2C+Jifang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Farts13020075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Six" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coq-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coq_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHurard-Viltard1989" class="citation web cs1">Hurard-Viltard, Eveline (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digistore.bib.ulb.ac.be/2011/DL2503255_1989_1_2_000.pdf">"Jean Cocteau et la musique à travers "Le Coq et l'Arlequin"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revue de l’Université de Bruxelles</i>. <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a>. pp. 85<i>ff</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+l%E2%80%99Universit%C3%A9+de+Bruxelles&rft.atitle=Jean+Cocteau+et+la+musique+%C3%A0+travers+%22Le+Coq+et+l%27Arlequin%22&rft.pages=85%27%27ff%27%27&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Hurard-Viltard&rft.aufirst=Eveline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigistore.bib.ulb.ac.be%2F2011%2FDL2503255_1989_1_2_000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALes+Six" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roger_St%C3%A9phane" title="Roger Stéphane">Roger Stéphane</a>, "Portrait souvenir de Jean Cocteau" (transcript of a French television interview in 1963 by the author and the subject) (Tallandier, 1964), pp. 63–67, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-235-01889-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-235-01889-0">2-235-01889-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4yIwCwAAQBAJ&dq=Virgil+Thomson+LA+bOEUF+SUR+LE+TOIT&pg=PA136">Virgil Thomson: <i>Virgil Thomson</i> (New York: Library of America & Penguin Random House, 2016)</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59853-476-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59853-476-4">978-1-59853-476-4</a>, p. 135–136; Virgil Thomson and Le Boeuf sur le Toit on <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com">https://books.google.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OHObaUvYuAUC&dq=Virgil+Thomson+Le+Gaya&pg=PA110">Alex Ross: <i>The Rest is Noise. Listening to the Twentieth Century</i> (New York: Picador, 2007)</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42771-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42771-9">978-0-312-42771-9</a>, p. 110; Virgil Thomas describes Le Boeuf sur le Toit on <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com">https://books.google.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m8W2AgAAQBAJ&dq=Virgil+Thomson+Encyclopedia&pg=PA631">Lee Stacey & Lol Henderson (eds): <i>Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century</i> (New York: Routledge, 2013), p. 631; Virgil Thomson on Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil-Thomson"><i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> Virgil Thomson on www.britannica.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltmpub.freeserve.co.uk/lessixbio.html">Cocteau, Satie & Les Six</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929153647/http://www.ltmpub.freeserve.co.uk/lessixbio.html">Archived</a> 2010-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KsUGv8-TVGcC&dq=Jean+Francaix%3A+Hymne+solennel&pg=PA448">Carl B. Schmidt, The Music of Francis Poulenc (1899-1963): A Catalogue</a>. Retrieved 17 May 2016</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Six&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scena.org/lsm/sm6-1/coq-en.html"><i>Les Six</i>, Satie, and Cocteau – by Stéphane Villemin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050206164850/http://scena.org/lsm/sm6-1/coq-en.html">Archived</a> 2005-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhobQwVl_QQ">Le Groupe des Six - Une évocation par diverses personnalités</a> on YouTube</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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