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model</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: language model"> <meta name="keywords" content="language model"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="language model"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 19949</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: language model</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19949</span> Literacy in First and Second Language: Implication for Language Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inuwa%20Danladi%20Bawa">Inuwa Danladi Bawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the challenges of African states in the development of education in the past and the present is the problem of literacy. Literacy in the first language is seen as a strong base for the development of second language; they are mostly the language of education. Language development is an offshoot of language planning; so the need to develop literacy in both first and second language affects language education and predicts the extent of achievement of the entire education sector. The need to balance literacy acquisition in first language for good conditioning the acquisition of second language is paramount. Likely constraints that includes; non-standardization, underdeveloped and undeveloped first languages are among many. Solutions to some of these include the development of materials and use of the stages and levels of literacy acquisition. This is with believed that a child writes well in second language if he has literacy in the first language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20language" title="first language">first language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy" title=" literacy"> literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=english%20language" title=" english language"> english language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title=" linguistics"> linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3745/literacy-in-first-and-second-language-implication-for-language-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19948</span> Transportation Language Register as One of Language Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diyah%20Atiek%20Mustikawati">Diyah Atiek Mustikawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language register refers to a variety of a language used for particular purpose or in a particular social setting. Language register also means as a concept of adapting one’s use of language to conform to standards or tradition in a given professional or social situation. This descriptive study tends to discuss about the form of language register in transportation aspect, factors, also the function of use it. Mostly, language register in transportation aspect uses short sentences in form of informal register. The factor caused language register used are speaker, word choice, background of language. The functions of language register in transportations aspect are to make communication between crew easily, also to keep safety when they were in bad condition. Transportation language register developed naturally as one of variety of language used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20register" title="language register">language register</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20variety" title=" language variety"> language variety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37039/transportation-language-register-as-one-of-language-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19947</span> Language Activation Theory: Unlocking Bilingual Language Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leorisyl%20D.%20Siarot">Leorisyl D. Siarot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is conventional to see and hear Filipinos, in general, speak two or more languages. This phenomenon brings us to a closer look on how our minds process the input and produce an output with a specific chosen language. This study aimed to generate a theoretical model which explained the interaction of the first and the second languages in the human mind. After a careful analysis of the gathered data, a theoretical prototype called Language Activation Model was generated. For every string, there are three specialized banks: lexico-semantics, morphono-syntax, and pragmatics. These banks are interrelated to other banks of other language strings. As the bilingual learns more languages, a new string is replicated and is filled up with the information of the new language learned. The principles of the first and second languages' interaction are drawn; these are expressed in laws, namely: law of dominance, law of availability, law of usuality and law of preference. Furthermore, difficulties encountered in the learning of second languages were also determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycholinguistics" title=" psycholinguistics"> psycholinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20learning" title=" second language learning"> second language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=languages" title=" languages"> languages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7232/language-activation-theory-unlocking-bilingual-language-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19946</span> ‘Daily Speaking’: Designing an App for Construction of Language Learning Model Supporting ‘Seamless Flipped’ Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhou%20Hong">Zhou Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gu%20Xiao-Qing"> Gu Xiao-Qing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C4%B1u%20Hong-Jiao"> Lıu Hong-Jiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leng%20Jing"> Leng Jing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seamless learning is becoming a research hotspot in recent years, and the emerging of micro-lectures, flipped classroom has strengthened the development of seamless learning. Based on the characteristics of the seamless learning across time and space and the course structure of the flipped classroom, and the theories of language learning, we put forward the language learning model which can support ‘seamless flipped’ environment (abbreviated as ‘S-F’). Meanwhile, the characteristics of the ‘S-F’ learning environment, the corresponding framework construction and the activity design of diversified corpora were introduced. Moreover, a language learning app named ‘Daily Speaking’ was developed to facilitate the practice of the language learning model in ‘S-F’ environment. In virtue of the learning case of Shanghai language, the rationality and feasibility of this framework were examined, expecting to provide a reference for the design of ‘S-F’ learning in different situations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seamless%20learning" title="seamless learning">seamless learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flipped%20classroom" title=" flipped classroom"> flipped classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seamless-flipped%20environment" title=" seamless-flipped environment"> seamless-flipped environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning%20model" title=" language learning model"> language learning model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100868/daily-speaking-designing-an-app-for-construction-of-language-learning-model-supporting-seamless-flipped-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19945</span> A Large Language Model-Driven Method for Automated Building Energy Model Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yake%20Zhang">Yake Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Xu"> Peng Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of building energy models (BEM) required for architectural design and analysis is a time-consuming and complex process, demanding a deep understanding and proficient use of simulation software. To streamline the generation of complex building energy models, this study proposes an automated method for generating building energy models using a large language model and the BEM library aimed at improving the efficiency of model generation. This method leverages a large language model to parse user-specified requirements for target building models, extracting key features such as building location, window-to-wall ratio, and thermal performance of the building envelope. The BEM library is utilized to retrieve energy models that match the target building’s characteristics, serving as reference information for the large language model to enhance the accuracy and relevance of the generated model, allowing for the creation of a building energy model that adapts to the user’s modeling requirements. This study enables the automatic creation of building energy models based on natural language inputs, reducing the professional expertise required for model development while significantly decreasing the time and complexity of manual configuration. In summary, this study provides an efficient and intelligent solution for building energy analysis and simulation, demonstrating the potential of a large language model in the field of building simulation and performance modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20energy%20modelling" title=" building energy modelling"> building energy modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20simulation" title=" building simulation"> building simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20language%20model" title=" large language model"> large language model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190794/a-large-language-model-driven-method-for-automated-building-energy-model-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19944</span> Probing Language Models for Multiple Linguistic Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bowen%20Ding">Bowen Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yihao%20Kuang"> Yihao Kuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, large-scale pre-trained language models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a variety of natural language processing tasks. The word vectors produced by these language models can be viewed as dense encoded presentations of natural language that in text form. However, it is unknown how much linguistic information is encoded and how. In this paper, we construct several corresponding probing tasks for multiple linguistic information to clarify the encoding capabilities of different language models and performed a visual display. We firstly obtain word presentations in vector form from different language models, including BERT, ELMo, RoBERTa and GPT. Classifiers with a small scale of parameters and unsupervised tasks are then applied on these word vectors to discriminate their capability to encode corresponding linguistic information. The constructed probe tasks contain both semantic and syntactic aspects. The semantic aspect includes the ability of the model to understand semantic entities such as numbers, time, and characters, and the grammatical aspect includes the ability of the language model to understand grammatical structures such as dependency relationships and reference relationships. We also compare encoding capabilities of different layers in the same language model to infer how linguistic information is encoded in the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20models" title="language models">language models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probing%20task" title=" probing task"> probing task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20presentation" title=" text presentation"> text presentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20information" title=" linguistic information"> linguistic information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168840/probing-language-models-for-multiple-linguistic-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19943</span> A Mathematical Agent-Based Model to Examine Two Patterns of Language Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gareth%20Baxter">Gareth Baxter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use a mathematical model of language change to examine two recently observed patterns of language change: one in which most speakers change gradually, following the mean of the community change, and one in which most individuals use predominantly one variant or another, and change rapidly if they change at all. The model is based on Croft’s Utterance Selection account of language change, which views language change as an evolutionary process, in which different variants (different ‘ways of saying the same thing’) compete for usage in a population of speakers. Language change occurs when a new variant replaces an older one as the convention within a given population. The present model extends a previous simpler model to include effects related to speaker aging and interspeaker variation in behaviour. The two patterns of individual change (one more centralized and the other more polarized) were recently observed in historical language changes, and it was further observed that slower changes were more associated with the centralized pattern, while quicker changes were more polarized. Our model suggests that the two patterns of change can be explained by different balances between the preference of speakers to use one variant over another and the degree of accommodation to (propensity to adapt towards) other speakers. The correlation with the rate of change appears naturally in our model, and results from the fact that both differential weighting of variants and the degree of accommodation affect the time for change to occur, while also determining the patterns of change. This work represents part of an ongoing effort to examine phenomena in language change through the use of mathematical models. This offers another way to evaluate qualitative explanations that cannot be practically tested (or cannot be tested at all) in a real-world, large-scale speech community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent%20based%20modeling" title="agent based modeling">agent based modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20evolution" title=" cultural evolution"> cultural evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20change" title=" language change"> language change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20behavior%20modeling" title=" social behavior modeling"> social behavior modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20influence" title=" social influence"> social influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62151/a-mathematical-agent-based-model-to-examine-two-patterns-of-language-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19942</span> Improving Academic Literacy in the Secondary History Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilhelmina%20van%20den%20Berg">Wilhelmina van den Berg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through intentionally developing the Register Continuum and the Functional Model of Language in the secondary history classroom, teachers can effectively build a teaching and learning cycle geared towards literacy improvement and EAL differentiation. Developing an understanding of and engaging students in the field, tenor, and tone of written and spoken language, allows students to build the foundation for greater academic achievement due to integrated literacy skills in the history classroom. Building a variety of scaffolds during lessons within these models means students can improve their academic language and communication skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20language" title="academic language">academic language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EAL" title=" EAL"> EAL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20model%20of%20language" title=" functional model of language"> functional model of language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20baccalaureate" title=" international baccalaureate"> international baccalaureate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy%20skills" title=" literacy skills"> literacy skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157695/improving-academic-literacy-in-the-secondary-history-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19941</span> Evaluation and Compression of Different Language Transformer Models for Semantic Textual Similarity Binary Task Using Minority Language Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20Gracia%20Corazon%20Cayanan">Ma. Gracia Corazon Cayanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Yuen%20Cheong"> Kai Yuen Cheong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Sha"> Li Sha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Training a language model for a minority language has been a challenging task. The lack of available corpora to train and fine-tune state-of-the-art language models is still a challenge in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Moreover, the need for high computational resources and bulk data limit the attainment of this task. In this paper, we presented the following contributions: (1) we introduce and used a translation pair set of Tagalog and English (TL-EN) in pre-training a language model to a minority language resource; (2) we fine-tuned and evaluated top-ranking and pre-trained semantic textual similarity binary task (STSB) models, to both TL-EN and STS dataset pairs. (3) then, we reduced the size of the model to offset the need for high computational resources. Based on our results, the models that were pre-trained to translation pairs and STS pairs can perform well for STSB task. Also, having it reduced to a smaller dimension has no negative effect on the performance but rather has a notable increase on the similarity scores. Moreover, models that were pre-trained to a similar dataset have a tremendous effect on the model’s performance scores. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20matching" title="semantic matching">semantic matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20textual%20similarity%20binary%20task" title=" semantic textual similarity binary task"> semantic textual similarity binary task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20resource%20minority%20language" title=" low resource minority language"> low resource minority language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine-tuning" title="fine-tuning">fine-tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimension%20reduction" title=" dimension reduction"> dimension reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer%20models" title=" transformer models"> transformer models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145745/evaluation-and-compression-of-different-language-transformer-models-for-semantic-textual-similarity-binary-task-using-minority-language-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19940</span> The Role of Language Strategy on International Survival of Firm: A Conceptual Framework from Resource Dependence Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sazzad%20Hossain%20Talukder">Sazzad Hossain Talukder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Survival in the competitive international market with unforeseen environmental contingencies has always been a concern of the firms that led to adopting different strategies to deal with different situations. Language strategy is considered to enhance the international performance of a firm by organizing language diversity and fostering communications within and outside the firm. Yet there is a lack of theoretical attention or model development on the role of language strategy on firm international survival. From resource dependence perspective, the adoption of language strategy and its relationship with firm survival are determined by the firm´s capability to prevent dependency concentration and/or increase relative power on the external environment. However, the impact of language strategy on firm survival is complex and multifaceted as the strategy influence firm performance indirectly through communication, coordination, learning and value creation. The evidence of various types of language strategies and different forms of firm survival also bring in complexities to understand the effects of a language strategy on the international survival of a firm. Based on language literatures and resource dependence logic, certain propositions are developed to conceptualize the relationship between language strategy and firm international survival in this conceptual paper. For the purpose of this paper, a conceptual model is proposed to examine how different kinds of language strategy foster reduction of resource dependency that lead to firm international survival in respond to local responsiveness and global integration. In this proposed model, it is theorized that language strategy has a positive relationship with the international survival of the firm, as the strategy is likely to reduce external resource dependency and increase the ability to continue independent operations both in short and long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20strategy" title="language strategy">language strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20diversity" title=" language diversity"> language diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20international%20survival" title=" firm international survival"> firm international survival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20dependence%20logic" title=" resource dependence logic"> resource dependence logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98483/the-role-of-language-strategy-on-international-survival-of-firm-a-conceptual-framework-from-resource-dependence-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19939</span> Socioeconomic Status and Gender Influence on Linguistic Change: A Case Study on Language Competence and Confidence of Multilingual Minority Language Speakers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20Siebenh%C3%BCtter">Stefanie Siebenhütter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Male and female speakers use language differently and with varying confidence levels. This paper contrasts gendered differences in language use with socioeconomic status and age factors. It specifically examines how Kui minority language use and competence are conditioned by the variable of gender and discusses potential reasons for this variation by examining gendered language awareness and sociolinguistic attitudes. Moreover, it discusses whether women in Kui society function as 'leaders of linguistic change', as represented in Labov’s sociolinguistic model. It discusses whether societal role expectations in collectivistic cultures influence the model of linguistic change. The findings reveal current Kui speaking preferences and give predictions on the prospective language use, which is a stable situation of multilingualism because the current Kui speakers will socialize and teach the prospective Kui speakers in the near future. It further confirms that Lao is losing importance in Kui speaker’s (female’s) daily life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20construction" title=" identity construction"> identity construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20change" title=" language change"> language change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minority%20language" title=" minority language"> minority language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20Networks" title=" social Networks"> social Networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114151/socioeconomic-status-and-gender-influence-on-linguistic-change-a-case-study-on-language-competence-and-confidence-of-multilingual-minority-language-speakers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19938</span> Exploring a Teaching Model in Cultural Education Using Video-Focused Social Networking Apps: An Example of Chinese Language Teaching for African Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Hong">Zhao Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When international students study Chinese as a foreign or second language, it is important for them to form constructive viewpoints and possess an open mindset on Chinese culture. This helps them to make faster progress in their language acquisition. Observations from African students at Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology show that by integrating video-focused social networking apps such as Tiktok (“Douyin”) on a controlled basis, students raise their interest not only in making an effort in learning the Chinese language, but also in the understanding of the Chinese culture. During the last twelve months, our research group explored a teaching model using selected contents in certain classroom settings, including virtual classrooms during lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using interviews, a survey was conducted on international students from African countries at the Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology in Chinese language courses. Based on the results, a teaching model was built for Chinese language acquisition by entering the "mobile Chinese culture". <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20as%20a%20foreign%20language" title="Chinese as a foreign language">Chinese as a foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20education" title=" cultural education"> cultural education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking%20apps" title=" social networking apps"> social networking apps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20model" title=" teaching model"> teaching model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144534/exploring-a-teaching-model-in-cultural-education-using-video-focused-social-networking-apps-an-example-of-chinese-language-teaching-for-african-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19937</span> Investigating the Challenges Faced by English Language Teachers in Implementing Outcome Based Education the Outcome Based Education model in Engineering Universities of Sindh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habibullah%20Pathan">Habibullah Pathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aims to explore problems faced by English Language Teachers (ELT) while implementing the Outcome Based Education (OBE) model in engineering universities of Sindh. OBE is an emerging model initiative of the International Engineering Alliance. Traditional educational systems are teacher-centered or curriculum-centered, in which learners are not able to achieve desired outcomes, but the OBE model enables learners to know the outcomes before the start of the program. OBE is a circular process that begins from the needs and demands of society to stakeholders who ask the experts to produce the alumnus who can fulfill the needs and ends up getting new enrollment in the respective programs who can work according to the demands. In all engineering institutions, engineering courses besides English language courses are taught on the OBE model. English language teachers were interviewed to learn the in-depth of the problems faced by them. The study found that teachers were facing problems including pedagogical, OBE training, assessment, evaluation and administrative support. This study will be a guide for public and private English language teachers to cope with these challenges while teaching the English language on the OBE model. OBE is an emerging model by which the institutions can produce such a product that can meet the demands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problems%20of%20ELT%20%20teachers" title="problems of ELT teachers">problems of ELT teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcome%20based%20education%20%28OBE%29" title=" outcome based education (OBE)"> outcome based education (OBE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementing" title=" implementing"> implementing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171734/investigating-the-challenges-faced-by-english-language-teachers-in-implementing-outcome-based-education-the-outcome-based-education-model-in-engineering-universities-of-sindh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19936</span> Interaction Tasks of CUE Model in Virtual Language Learning in Travel English for Taiwanese College EFL Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuei-Hao%20Li">Kuei-Hao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eden%20Huang"> Eden Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Motivation suggests the willingness one person has towards taking action. Learners’ motivation has frequently been regarded as the most crucial factor in successful language acquisition. Without sufficient motivation, learners cannot achieve long-term learning goals despite remarkable abilities. Therefore, the study aims to investigate motivation of interaction tasks designed by the researchers for college EFL learners in Travel English class in virtual reality environment, integrating CUE model, Cognition, Usage and Expansion in the course. Thirty college learners were asked to join the virtual language learning website designed by the researchers. Data was collected via feedback questionnaire, interview, and learner interactions. The findings indicated that the course in the CUE model in language learning website of virtual reality environment was effective at motivating EFL learners and improving their oral communication and social interactions in the learning process. Some pedagogical implications are also provided in helping both language instructors and EFL learners in virtual reality environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title="motivation">motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20language%20learning" title=" virtual language learning"> virtual language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition" title=" second language acquisition"> second language acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66125/interaction-tasks-of-cue-model-in-virtual-language-learning-in-travel-english-for-taiwanese-college-efl-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19935</span> Teaching Attentive Literature Reading in Higher Education French as a Foreign Language: A Pilot Study of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malin%20Isaksson">Malin Isaksson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teaching French as a foreign language usually implies teaching French literature, especially in higher education. Training university students in literary reading in a foreign language requires addressing several aspects at the same time: the (foreign) language, the poetic language, the aesthetic aspects of the studied works, and various interpretations of them. A pilot study sought to test a teaching model that would support students in learning to perform competent readings and short analyses of French literary works, in a rather independent manner. This shared practice paper describes the use of a flipped classroom method in two French literature courses, a campus course and an online course, and suggests that the teaching model may provide efficient tools for teaching literary reading and analysis in a foreign language. The teaching model builds on a high level of student activity and focuses on attentive reading, meta-perspectives such as theoretical concepts, individual analyses by students where said concepts are applied, and group discussions of the studied texts and of possible interpretations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attentive%20reading" title="attentive reading">attentive reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flipped%20classroom" title=" flipped classroom"> flipped classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20in%20foreign%20language%20studies" title=" literature in foreign language studies"> literature in foreign language studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20literature%20analysis" title=" teaching literature analysis"> teaching literature analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127096/teaching-attentive-literature-reading-in-higher-education-french-as-a-foreign-language-a-pilot-study-of-a-flipped-classroom-teaching-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19934</span> ChatGPT as a “Foreign Language Teacher”: Attitudes of Tunisian English Language Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Najeh%20Bel%27Kiry">Leila Najeh Bel'Kiry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial intelligence (AI) brought about many language robots, with ChatGPT being the most sophisticated thanks to its human-like linguistic capabilities. This aspect raises the idea of using ChatGPT in learning foreign languages. Starting from the premise that positions ChatGPT as a mediator between the language and the leaner, functioning as a “ghost teacher" offering a peaceful and secure learning space, this study aims to explore the attitudes of Tunisian students of English towards ChatGPT as a “Foreign Language Teacher” . Forty-five students, in their third year of fundamental English at Tunisian universities and high institutes, completed a Likert scale questionnaire consisting of thirty-two items and covering various aspects of language (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics). A scale ranging from 'Strongly Disagree,' 'Disagree,' 'Undecided,' 'Agree,' to 'Strongly Agree.' is used to assess the attitudes of the participants towards the integration of ChaGPTin learning a foreign language. Results indicate generally positive attitudes towards the reliance on ChatGPT in learning foreign languages, particularly some compounds of language like syntax, phonology, and morphology. However, learners show insecurity towards ChatGPT when it comes to pragmatics and semantics, where the artificial model may fail when dealing with deeper contextual and nuanced language levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20language%20model" title="artificial language model">artificial language model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20learning" title=" foreign language learning"> foreign language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ChatGPT" title=" ChatGPT"> ChatGPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20capabilities" title=" linguistic capabilities"> linguistic capabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20English%20language%20learners" title=" Tunisian English language learners"> Tunisian English language learners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183529/chatgpt-as-a-foreign-language-teacher-attitudes-of-tunisian-english-language-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19933</span> Enhancing English Language Learning through Learners Cultural Background</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Attahiru">A. Attahiru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabi%20Abdullahi%20Danjuma"> Rabi Abdullahi Danjuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Bint"> Fatima Bint</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language and culture are two concepts which are closely related that one affects the other. This paper attempts to examine the definition of language and culture by discussing the relationship between them. The paper further presents some instructional strategies for the teaching of language and culture as well as the influence of culture on language. It also looks at its implication to language education and finally some recommendation and conclusion were drawn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship" title=" relationship"> relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22922/enhancing-english-language-learning-through-learners-cultural-background" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19932</span> Aspects of Diglossia in Arabic Language Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Ishag">Adil Ishag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diglossia emerges in a situation where two distinctive varieties of a language are used alongside within a certain community. In this case, one is considered as a high or standard variety and the second one as a low or colloquial variety. Arabic is an extreme example of a highly diglossic language. This diglossity is due to the fact that Arabic is one of the most spoken languages and spread over 22 Countries in two continents as a mother tongue, and it is also widely spoken in many other Islamic countries as a second language or simply the language of Quran. The geographical variation between the countries where the language is spoken and the duality of the classical Arabic and daily spoken dialects in the Arab world on the other hand; makes the Arabic language one of the most diglossic languages. This paper tries to investigate this phenomena and its relation to learning Arabic as a first and second language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20language" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diglossia" title=" diglossia"> diglossia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20and%20second%20language" title=" first and second language"> first and second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24533/aspects-of-diglossia-in-arabic-language-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19931</span> JaCoText: A Pretrained Model for Java Code-Text Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Lopez%20Espejel">Jessica Lopez Espejel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahaman%20Sanoussi%20Yahaya%20Alassan"> Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Dahhane"> Walid Dahhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Hassane%20Ettifouri"> El Hassane Ettifouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pretrained transformer-based models have shown high performance in natural language generation tasks. However, a new wave of interest has surged: automatic programming language code generation. This task consists of translating natural language instructions to a source code. Despite the fact that well-known pre-trained models on language generation have achieved good performance in learning programming languages, effort is still needed in automatic code generation. In this paper, we introduce JaCoText, a model based on Transformer neural network. It aims to generate java source code from natural language text. JaCoText leverages the advantages of both natural language and code generation models. More specifically, we study some findings from state of the art and use them to (1) initialize our model from powerful pre-trained models, (2) explore additional pretraining on our java dataset, (3) lead experiments combining the unimodal and bimodal data in training, and (4) scale the input and output length during the fine-tuning of the model. Conducted experiments on CONCODE dataset show that JaCoText achieves new state-of-the-art results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=java%20code%20generation" title="java code generation">java code generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence-to-sequence%20models" title=" sequence-to-sequence models"> sequence-to-sequence models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer%20neural%20networks" title=" transformer neural networks"> transformer neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156766/jacotext-a-pretrained-model-for-java-code-text-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19930</span> Models and Metamodels for Computer-Assisted Natural Language Grammar Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeny%20Pyshkin">Evgeny Pyshkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20Mozgovoy"> Maxim Mozgovoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladislav%20Volkov"> Vladislav Volkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper follows a discourse on computer-assisted language learning. We examine problems of foreign language teaching and learning and introduce a metamodel that can be used to define learning models of language grammar structures in order to support teacher/student interaction. Special attention is paid to the concept of a virtual language lab. Our approach to language education assumes to encourage learners to experiment with a language and to learn by discovering patterns of grammatically correct structures created and managed by a language expert. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-assisted%20instruction" title="computer-assisted instruction">computer-assisted instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20grammar%20models" title=" natural language grammar models"> natural language grammar models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCI" title=" HCI"> HCI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15680/models-and-metamodels-for-computer-assisted-natural-language-grammar-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19929</span> The Queer Language: A Case Study of the Hyderabadi Queers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreerakuvandana%20Vandana">Sreerakuvandana Vandana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although the term third gender is relatively new, the language that is in use has already made its way to the concept of identity. With the vast recognition and the transparency in expressing their identity without a tint of embarrassment, it is highly essential to take into account the idea of “identity” and “language”. The community however picks up language as a tool to assert their presence in the “mainstream”, albeit contradictory practices. The paper is an attempt to see how Koti claims and tries to be a language just like any other language. With that, it also identifies how the community wants to be identified as a unique group, but yet want to remain grounded to the ‘mainstream’. The work is an attempt to bring out the secret language of the LGBT community and understand their desire to be recognized as "main stream." The paper is also an attempt to bring into light this language and see if it qualifies to be a language at all. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title="identity">identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queer" title=" queer"> queer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgender" title=" transgender"> transgender</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62333/the-queer-language-a-case-study-of-the-hyderabadi-queers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19928</span> 2L1, a Bridge between L1 and L2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Ginghina">Elena Ginghina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are two major categories of language acquisition: first and second language acquisition, which distinguish themselves in their learning process and in their ultimate attainment. However, in the case of a bilingual child, one of the languages he grows up with receives gradually the features of a second language. This phenomenon characterizes the successive first language acquisition, when the initial state of the child is already marked by another language. Nevertheless, the dominance of the languages can change throughout the life, if the exposure to language and the quality of the input are better in 2L1. Related to the exposure to language and the quality of the input, there are cases even at the simultaneous bilingualism, where the two languages although learned from birth one, differ from one another at some point. This paper aims to see, what makes a 2L1 to become a second language and under what circumstances can a L2 learner reach a native or a near native speaker level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20language%20acquisition" title=" first language acquisition"> first language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=native%20speakers%20of%20German" title=" native speakers of German"> native speakers of German</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition" title=" second language acquisition"> second language acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24096/2l1-a-bridge-between-l1-and-l2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19927</span> Pattern Recognition Based on Simulation of Chemical Senses (SCS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nermeen%20El%20Kashef">Nermeen El Kashef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Fouad"> Yasser Fouad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Mahar"> Khaled Mahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> No AI-complete system can model the human brain or behavior, without looking at the totality of the whole situation and incorporating a combination of senses. This paper proposes a Pattern Recognition model based on Simulation of Chemical Senses (SCS) for separation and classification of sign language. The model based on human taste controlling strategy. The main idea of the introduced model is motivated by the facts that the tongue cluster input substance into its basic tastes first, and then the brain recognizes its flavor. To implement this strategy, two level architecture is proposed (this is inspired from taste system). The separation-level of the architecture focuses on hand posture cluster, while the classification-level of the architecture to recognizes the sign language. The efficiency of proposed model is demonstrated experimentally by recognizing American Sign Language (ASL) data set. The recognition accuracy obtained for numbers of ASL is 92.9 percent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocybernetics" title=" biocybernetics"> biocybernetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gustatory%20system" title=" gustatory system"> gustatory system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sign%20language%20recognition" title=" sign language recognition"> sign language recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste%20sense" title=" taste sense"> taste sense</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40814/pattern-recognition-based-on-simulation-of-chemical-senses-scs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19926</span> Developing Language Ownership: An Autoethnographic Perspective on Transformative Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Abbey">Thomas Abbey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is part of an ongoing research addressing the experience of language learners in developing a sense of language ownership in their second language. For the majority of language learners, the main goal of learning a second or foreign language is to develop proficiency in the target language. Language proficiency comprises numerous intersecting competency skills ranging from causally listening to speaking using certain registers. This autoethnography analyzes lived experiences related to transitioning from learning a language in a classroom to being in an environment where the researcher's second language is the primary means of communication. Focused on lived experiences, the purpose of this research is to provide an insight into the experiences of language learners entering new environments and needing to navigate life within another language. Through reflections, this paper offers a critical account of experience traveling to Baku, Azerbaijan as a Russian language learner. The analysis for this paper focuses on the development of a sense of language ownership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoethnography" title="autoethnography">autoethnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20ownership" title=" language ownership"> language ownership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformative%20learning" title=" transformative learning"> transformative learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180528/developing-language-ownership-an-autoethnographic-perspective-on-transformative-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19925</span> Linguistic Attitudes and Language Learning Needs of Heritage Language Learners of Spanish in the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheryl%20Bernardo-Hinesley">Sheryl Bernardo-Hinesley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heritage language learners are students who have been raised in a home where a minority language is spoken, who speaks or merely understand the minority heritage language, but to some degree are bilingual in the majority and the heritage language. In view of the rising university enrollment by Hispanics in the United States who have chosen to study Spanish, university language programs are currently faced with challenges of accommodating the language needs of heritage language learners of Spanish. The present study investigates the heritage language perception and language attitudes by heritage language learners of Spanish, as well as their classroom language learning experiences and needs. In order to carry out the study, a qualitative survey was used to gather data from university students. Analysis of students' responses indicates that heritage learners are motivated to learn the heritage language. In relation to the aspects of focus of a language course for heritage learners, results show that the aspects of interest are accent marks and spelling, grammatical accuracy, vocabulary, writing, reading, and culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20language%20learners" title="heritage language learners">heritage language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20acquisition" title=" language acquisition"> language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20attitudes" title=" linguistic attitudes"> linguistic attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spanish%20in%20the%20US" title=" Spanish in the US"> Spanish in the US</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104167/linguistic-attitudes-and-language-learning-needs-of-heritage-language-learners-of-spanish-in-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19924</span> Links and Blocks: the Role of Language in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Lien%20Liao">Su-Lien Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores the language in the four plays of Samuel Beckett–Waiting for Godot, Endgame, Krapp’s Last Tape, and Footfalls. It considers the way in which Beckett uses language, especially through fragmentation utterances, repetitions, monologues, contradictions, and silence. It discusses the function of language in modern society, in the theater of the absurd, and in the plays. Paradoxically enough, his plays attempts to communicate the incommunicability of language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title="language">language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Beckett" title=" Samuel Beckett"> Samuel Beckett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theater%20of%20the%20absurd" title=" theater of the absurd"> theater of the absurd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20teaching" title=" foreign language teaching"> foreign language teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2324/links-and-blocks-the-role-of-language-in-samuel-becketts-selected-plays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19923</span> Definition of a Computing Independent Model and Rules for Transformation Focused on the Model-View-Controller Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20Matias%20Leite">Vanessa Matias Leite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jandira%20Guenka%20Palma"> Jandira Guenka Palma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fl%C3%A1vio%20Henrique%20de%20Oliveira"> Flávio Henrique de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a model-oriented development approach to software development in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural standard. This approach aims to expose a process of extractions of information from the models, in which through rules and syntax defined in this work, assists in the design of the initial model and its future conversions. The proposed paper presents a syntax based on the natural language, according to the rules agreed in the classic grammar of the Portuguese language, added to the rules of conversions generating models that follow the norms of the Object Management Group (OMG) and the Meta-Object Facility MOF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BNF%20Syntax" title="BNF Syntax">BNF Syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20driven%20architecture" title=" model driven architecture"> model driven architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model-view-controller" title=" model-view-controller"> model-view-controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UML" title=" UML"> UML</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65752/definition-of-a-computing-independent-model-and-rules-for-transformation-focused-on-the-model-view-controller-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19922</span> Effectiveness of Language Learning Strategy Instruction Based on CALLA on Iranian EFL Language Strategy Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Khani">Reza Khani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziba%20Hosseini"> Ziba Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ever since the importance of language learning strategy instruction (LLS) has been distinguished, there has been growing interest on how to teach LLS in language learning classrooms. So thus this study attempted to implement language strategy instruction based on CALLA approach for Iranian EFL learners in a real classroom setting. The study was testing the hypothesis that strategy instruction result in improved linguistic strategy of students. The participant of the study were 240 EFL learners who received language learning instruction for four months. The data collected using Oxford strategy inventory for language learning. The results indicated the instruction had statistically significant effect on language strategy use of intervention group who received instruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CALLA" title="CALLA">CALLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning%20strategy" title=" language learning strategy"> language learning strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning%20strategy%20instruction" title=" language learning strategy instruction"> language learning strategy instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20EFL%20language%20strategy" title=" Iranian EFL language strategy"> Iranian EFL language strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23853/effectiveness-of-language-learning-strategy-instruction-based-on-calla-on-iranian-efl-language-strategy-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19921</span> The Development of Directed-Project Based Learning as Language Learning Model to Improve Students' English Achievement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tri%20Pratiwi">Tri Pratiwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sufyarma%20Marsidin"> Sufyarma Marsidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hermawati%20Syarif"> Hermawati Syarif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya"> Yahya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 21st-century skills being highly promoted today are Creativity and Innovation, Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, Communication and Collaboration. Communication Skill is one of the essential skills that should be mastered by the students. To master Communication Skills, students must first master their Language Skills. Language Skills is one of the main supporting factors in improving Communication Skills of a person because by learning Language Skills students are considered capable of communicating well and correctly so that the message or how to deliver the message to the listener can be conveyed clearly and easily understood. However, it cannot be denied that English output or learning outcomes which are less optimal is the problem which is frequently found in the implementation of the learning process. This research aimed to improve students’ language skills by developing learning model in English subject for VIII graders of SMP N 1 Uram Jaya through Directed-Project Based Learning (DPjBL) implementation. This study is designed in Research and Development (R & D) using ADDIE model development. The researcher collected data through observation, questionnaire, interview, test, and documentation which were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that DPjBL is effective to use, it is seen from the difference in value between the pretest and posttest of the control class and the experimental class. From the results of a questionnaire filled in general, the students and teachers agreed to DPjBL learning model. This learning model can increase the students' English achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20skills" title="language skills">language skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20model" title=" learning model"> learning model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Directed-Project%20Based%20Learning%20%28DPjBL%29" title=" Directed-Project Based Learning (DPjBL)"> Directed-Project Based Learning (DPjBL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20achievement" title=" English achievement"> English achievement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84281/the-development-of-directed-project-based-learning-as-language-learning-model-to-improve-students-english-achievement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19920</span> The Influence of Language on Music Consumption in Japan: An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timur%20Zhukov">Timur Zhukov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuko%20Yamashita"> Yuko Yamashita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music as a product of hedonic consumption has been researched at least since the early 20th century, but little light has been shed on how language affects its consumption process. At the intersection of music consumption, language impact, and consumer behavior, this research explores the influence of language on music consumption in Japan. Its aim is to clarify how listening to music in different languages affects the listener’s purchase intention and sharing intention by conducting a survey where respondents listen to three versions of the same song in different languages in random order. It uses an existing framework that views the flow of music consumption as a combination of responses (emotional response, sensory response, imaginal response, analytical responses) affecting the experiential response, which then affects the overall affective response, followed by the need to reexperience and lastly the purchase intention. In this research, the sharing intention has been added to the model to better fit the modern consumption model (e.g., AISAS). This research shows how positive and negative emotions and imaginal and analytical responses change depending on the language and what impact it has on consumer behavior. It concludes by proposing how modern music businesses can learn from the language differences and cater to the needs of the audiences who speak different languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISAS" title="AISAS">AISAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title=" consumer behavior"> consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20language" title=" first language"> first language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20consumption" title=" music consumption"> music consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147893/the-influence-of-language-on-music-consumption-in-japan-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20model&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20model&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20model&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20model&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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