Telegram’s Security Sham

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Pavel Durov, the Russian-born founder and CEO of Telegram, was arrested at Le Bourget airport near Paris on Saturday evening. The arrest is reportedly part of an ongoing investigation by French authorities into Telegram's lack of moderation. The operation was carried out by France's OFMIN, an agency focused on preventing violence against minors, fraud, drug trafficking, cyberbullying, and organized crime. 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Until 2019, he was a government intelligence analyst. He was the lead author of the 2017 Intelligence Community Assessment on Russian interference in the 2016 election. Last year, he co-authored an article in the American Sociological Review on popular Russian understandings of Stalin’s purges. He specializes in political analysis of the Russian leadership, intelligence services, and contemporary Russian society. Van Landingham holds degrees in Slavic Languages and Literatures and Russian, Eastern European, and Central Asian Studies from Princeton and Harvard Universities, respectively.","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/author/vanlandinghammichael/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/a6f257d5e79e9b2a5d141cdabc0f54f6","name":"Gavin Wilde","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/image/7443e2cb5ed2f5008342eafac79f9b3e","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/424f25cbdbb763ea70c76b4a99ec61e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/424f25cbdbb763ea70c76b4a99ec61e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Gavin Wilde"},"description":"Gavin Wilde is a senior fellow in the Technology and International Affairs Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he applies his expertise on Russia and information warfare to examine the strategic challenges posed by cyber and influence operations, propaganda, and emerging technologies. Prior to joining Carnegie, Wilde served on the National Security Council as director for Russia, Baltic, and Caucasus affairs. In addition to managing country-specific portfolios, he focused on formulating and coordinating foreign malign influence, election security, and cyber policies. Wilde also served in senior analyst and leadership roles at the National Security Agency for over a decade, after several years as a linguist for the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The insights he generated for counterintelligence, policymaking, and warfighting consumers included co-authorship of the Intelligence Community assessment of Russian activities targeting the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Wilde is a nonresident fellow at Defense Priorities and previously assessed geopolitical risk for multinational corporations as a managing consultant at Krebs Stamos Group, a cybersecurity advisory. His commentary has been featured in Lawfare, Just Security, Barron’s, New Lines Magazine, and elsewhere. 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href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/vanlandinghammichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Van Landingham" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Van Landingham</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wildeg/" title="Profile and articles by Gavin Wilde" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gavin Wilde</a></p><p class="date">September 9, 2024</p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-99869" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99869/telegrams-security-sham/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a 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rel="tag">France</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/intelligence/" rel="tag">Intelligence activities</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/russia/" rel="tag">Russia</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/social-media/" rel="tag">Social Media</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/surveillance/" rel="tag">Surveillance</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/technology/" rel="tag">Technology</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/telegram/" rel="tag">Telegram</a></p></div></div><main id="primary" tabindex="-1" class="content-body clearfix" role="main"><article class="client-ui clearfix"><div class="print-authors"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/vanlandinghammichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Van Landingham" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Van Landingham</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wildeg/" title="Profile and articles by Gavin Wilde" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gavin Wilde</a></p><p class="date">September 9, 2024</p></div><p>The French government’s <a href="https://www.tf1info.fr/justice-faits-divers/arrestation-de-pavel-durov-le-fondateur-de-la-messagerie-telegram-pavel-mis-en-examen-et-remis-en-liberte-sous-controle-judiciaire-2316773.html">arrest of Telegram founder Pavel Durov</a> on Aug. 24 and decision <a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/telegram-ceo-pavel-durov-charged-french-authorities-43a125a2">to charge him with crimes</a> related to Telegram’s <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/08/29/telegram-app-durov-free-speech-child-sexual-abuse-images/">failure to moderate its users’ sharing</a> of illegal content has reignited a debate over secure messaging services, content moderation, and free speech. This debate needs to take user safety—from government surveillance, in particular—as the starting point for judging the merits of platforms that present themselves as offering secure communications. Doing so would highlight the relative safety of platforms like fully encrypted-by-default Signal over cloud-based social media services with direct messaging capabilities like Telegram—a service likely compromised by governments of all stripes, Russia’s foremost.</p> <h2><strong>Is Telegram User Data Safe?</strong></h2> <p>Telegram, founded over a decade ago, is known for its <a href="https://telegram.org/faq#q-there-39s-illegal-content-on-telegram-how-do-i-take-it-down">bluster</a> about refusing to comply with lawful subpoenas, and in the past five years it has found favor <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2024/08/29/pavel-durov-telegram-arrest-extremist-users/74990169007/">among a U.S. audience</a> who baselessly believe Signal <a href="https://yasha.substack.com/p/signal-is-a-government-op-85e">was developed as a U.S. government plot</a> <a href="https://www.city-journal.org/article/katherine-mahers-color-revolution">to undermine foreign governments</a>. Indeed, Telegram has <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/telegram-ceo-pavel-durov-child-safety-rcna168266">earned a reputation among technology policy watchdogs</a> for failure to implement basic safety controls that would prevent users from sharing illegal content, such as child sexual abuse material and narcotics trafficking. In early May, Durov <a href="https://t.me/s/durov">publicly criticized</a> Signal for its failure to be a platform “independent of government interference,” <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/14/telegram_ceo_calls_out_rival/">implying the app was vulnerable to government surveillance</a>, unlike Telegram.</p> <p>But there is a subtle yet crucial distinction between Telegram and a fully encrypted messenger like Signal: the former seems unwilling to conduct any content moderation on its platform; the latter is specifically designed to neither host nor access any content on its platform. For users, only one of these approaches reasonably can be deemed secure.</p> <p>Durov’s routine refusal to cooperate with U.S. or French authorities does not mean Telegram user data is safe from them, or anyone else. Telegram has drawn a <a href="https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2024/08/25/telegram-is-not-really-an-encrypted-messaging-app/">skeptical reception</a> from privacy advocates about its claims to have default end-to-end encryption, in which only the sender and recipient of messages may read them. Instead, Telegram is better thought of as a social media platform with messaging capability, which may be encrypted with additional steps the user <a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/russia-military-telegram-founder-arrest-b080dd8d">must take</a> themselves. Otherwise, Telegram channels allow information sharing with large audiences, and most messages are <a href="https://x.com/moxie/status/1828464949703909574">stored in plain, unencrypted text on Telegram servers</a> – to which the company has total access.</p> <p>Beyond this fundamental level of data insecurity, Telegram as both a platform and organization has demonstrated that it’s much more likely to serve as a viable avenue for, rather than impediment to, intelligence collection. Matt Tait, a former information security specialist for the United Kingdom’s digital espionage agency, GCHQ, has <a href="https://www.pwnallthethings.com/p/russia-is-spying-on-telegram-chats">noted the Telegram app leaks metadata</a> that can be used to track users. Going one step further, Telegram <a href="https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/69083/">has cooperated</a> with Russian authorities’ requests and “may” provide authorities with “selectors” like telephone numbers that can be used to develop further information, <a href="https://therecord.media/fbi-document-shows-what-data-can-be-obtained-from-encrypted-messaging-apps">according to an unclassified FBI chart</a>. All this while Telegram’s encryption protocol remains a proprietary secret.</p> <p>For comparison, Signal, and to a lesser extent Meta’s WhatsApp, presents a more categorically secure service offered via a notably more transparent provider. Both apps’ messages are encrypted by default. While WhatsApp messages <a href="https://faq.whatsapp.com/481135090640375/?helpref=uf_share">may be stored less securely</a> in unencrypted cloud backups, Signal’s are stored locally on user devices and the company maintains only <a href="https://gizmodo.com/confused-feds-subpoena-signal-for-data-it-doesnt-collec-1846780583">minimal metadata</a> on users (timestamps on account creation and most recent connection to the company servers). Signal recently <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/signal-launches-usersnames-phone-number-privacy/">made it easier</a> for users to associate their accounts with user-generated handles rather than phone numbers—significantly reducing the platform’s viability as a source of selectors for third-party interception. And Signal’s encryption protocol is available for all to audit or, as in the case of WhatsApp, to <a href="https://signal.org/blog/whatsapp-complete/">incorporate</a> into their own products.</p> <p>Ironically, this openness is the most compelling counterpoint to baseless conspiracies involving Signal and western authorities. Signal’s code and protocol are available for all comers to test, poke, and prod. This way, <a href="https://restofworld.org/2023/signal-president-meredith-whittaker-messaing-privacy/">says</a> Signal president Meredith Whittaker, users and researchers are “not just trusting me to not play nice with governments” but are able to validate for themselves that “we literally don’t have the data” to provide them.</p> <h2><strong>Telegram and Russian Security Services</strong></h2> <p>By contrast, the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/russia-military-telegram-founder-arrest-b080dd8d">outsized role Telegram plays in Russia</a> creates a potential security threat for any users that Moscow might view as political enemies. Russia maintains an <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/08/red-web-book-russia-internet">enormous lawful intercept network</a>, known as SORM, for both telephony and internet data. Ten years ago, Russia passed a law requiring <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/russia-is-weaponizing-its-data-laws-against-foreign-organizations/">all firms to maintain data centers in-country</a>, subjecting them to government requests for data on any individual or firm “under control,” or investigation.</p> <p>Five years ago, Telegram positioned itself as an anti-surveillance advocate and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-telegram-kremlin-pavel-durov/2020/06/27/4928ddd4-b161-11ea-98b5-279a6479a1e4_story.html">was to be blocked by the Russian telecommunications regulator</a>. However, the regulator reversed course in 2020, <a href="https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/69083/">noting</a> Durov’s willingness “to counter terrorism and extremism” – which Moscow defines in <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-extremism-prosecution-activism-crackdown-persecution/32807766.html">increasingly</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/22/world/europe/russia-ukraine-social-media-crackdown.html">broad</a> terms. This raises questions about Telegram’s safety from the Russian security services’ SORM panopticon, in which “terrorism” and “extremism” are often used to describe legitimate speech and political activity.</p> <p>In early 2022, Russian Duma member Oleg Matveychev, deputy chair of the legislative body’s committee on technology policy, <a href="https://pdmnews.ru/25704/">told</a> Russian media that Telegram both complies with Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) demands for data on “terrorists or anyone under investigation” and installed SORM monitoring devices, essentially enabling unfettered FSB access to their networks “so that it is possible to monitor all dangerous individuals.” Also in 2022, Russian military forces <a href="https://www.pwnallthethings.com/p/russia-is-spying-on-telegram-chats">used Telegram to spy on and repress Ukrainians</a> in occupied territory, exploiting its vulnerabilities and Ukrainians’ reliance on the messenger to communicate. The harsh reaction Russian government officials have had to France’s recent arrest of Durov <a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/russia-military-telegram-founder-arrest-b080dd8d">raises further questions</a> as to whether Telegram content is available to Moscow’s security services.</p> <p>It would be easy to view this condemnation of Telegram and endorsement of Signal with respect to the security of their users’ data with some cynicism, given our backgrounds as U.S. intelligence officers. But neither we nor Signal—a non-profit organization with which we have no relationship—stand to gain anything from correcting the inaccurate image Durov and his supporters seem to promote of Telegram as a safe harbor for free speech. Readers need not take our word for it, however. This image is openly contradicted by Russian government officials’ own statements, as well as Moscow’s own actions that exploit Telegram for surveillance and <a href="https://www.npr.org/2024/06/06/g-s1-2965/russia-propaganda-deepfakes-sham-websites-social-media-ukraine">propaganda</a>.</p> <p>Users who are genuinely interested in privacy and security should forget “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/whataboutism-what-about-it/2017/08/17/4d05ed36-82b4-11e7-b359-15a3617c767b_story.html">whataboutist</a>” attacks on messaging services (such as those on <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/14/telegram_ceo_calls_out_rival/">Signal or WhatsApp</a>). By focusing instead on the company’s track record and transparency, as well as the testimony of <a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1013.pdf">security</a> researchers and <a href="https://ssd.eff.org/">privacy</a> advocates, it is plain that Telegram’s claims of security are not to be trusted.</p> <h6><em>IMAGE: In this photo illustration, the Telegram logo is displayed on a number of screens on August 26, 2024 in London, England. (Photo illustration by Leon Neal/Getty Images)</em></h6> <div class="icon-end-post"></div><div class="mobile-post-tags"><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/content-moderation/" rel="tag">content moderation</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/data/" rel="tag">Data</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/data-privacy/" rel="tag">Data privacy</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/encryption/" rel="tag">Encryption</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/france/" rel="tag">France</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/intelligence/" rel="tag">Intelligence activities</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/russia/" rel="tag">Russia</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/social-media/" rel="tag">Social Media</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/surveillance/" rel="tag">Surveillance</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/technology/" rel="tag">Technology</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/telegram/" rel="tag">Telegram</a></p></div></div></article></main><div id="secondary-right" class="secondary" role="complementary"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">Signups for A.M. & P.M. 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Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104130/rule-of-law-index-2024/">Rule of Law Index Shows Some Rays of Hope Amidst Continuing Global Recession</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/andersenelizabeth/" title="Profile and articles by Elizabeth Andersen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elizabeth Andersen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/evangelidesalicia/" title="Profile and articles by Alicia Evangelides" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alicia Evangelides</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104036/heat-map-january-6th-defendants-2/">Heat Map of January 6th Defendants Across the United States</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103956/proud-boys-threat-assessment/">Proud Boys Threat Assessment: From the Planning of January 6th to Future Scenarios</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103773/top-10-election-litigation/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Scott Adams</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 3rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103406/iran-israel-escalation/">Threats and Response Options in the Escalating Israel-Iran Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103380/un-future-pact-reform/">The UN’s New Pact for the Future: A Milestone That Can Set a Path for Change</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ponziorichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Ponzio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Ponzio</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103339/artificial-intelligence-at-2024-united-nations/">AI at UNGA79: Recapping Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates: Criminal and Civil Cases</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Michael Kirby" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Hon. Michael Kirby</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/">‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99069/artificial-intelligence-democracy-effects/">Don’t Downplay Risks of AI for Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nosselsuzanne/" title="Profile and articles by Suzanne Nossel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Suzanne Nossel</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98844/dont-sanction-icc/">Don’t Sanction the ICC for Doing its Job</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mayamichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Maya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Maya</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 27th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98895/presidential-immunity-congressional-contempt/">Presidential Immunity Decision May Have Implications for Congressional-Executive Divide on Criminal Contempt</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wrightandy/" title="Profile and articles by Andy Wright" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andy Wright</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/">Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98812/icc-amicus-brief-israel-palestine/">Expert Explainer: The US for the first time submits a formal brief to the International Criminal Court on the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/buchwaldtodd/" title="Profile and articles by Todd Buchwald" class="author url fn" rel="author">Todd Buchwald</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98787/icc-disability-slave-trade/">Time for the International Criminal Court to Recognize Persons with Disabilities and the Slave Trade</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lordjanet/" title="Profile and articles by Janet Lord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Janet Lord</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzpace/" title="Profile and articles by Pace Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Pace Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/smithmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew "Hezzy" Smith" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew "Hezzy" Smith</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steinmichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Ashley Stein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Ashley Stein</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenalex/" title="Profile and articles by Alex Green" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alex Green</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kayessrosemary/" title="Profile and articles by Rosemary Kayess" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rosemary Kayess</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98801/podcast-international-law-israel-palestine/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Recent Response of International Law and Institutions in Palestine and Israel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/imseisardi/" title="Profile and articles by Ardi Imseis" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ardi Imseis</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hammourishahd/" title="Profile and articles by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kattanvictor/" title="Profile and articles by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sirleafmatiangai/" title="Profile and articles by Matiangai Sirleaf" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matiangai Sirleaf</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98754/biden-end-iraq-war/">A Presidential Proclamation to End the Iraq War: Unilateral Executive Action to Defang a Zombie AUMF</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98733/ukraine-icc-ratification/">Unforced Error: Article 124 and the Regrettable Caveat to Ukraine’s Proposed Ratification of the ICC Statute</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98674/911-plea-deals-revoked/">Revoking the 9/11 Plea Deals: Human Rights Consequences</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/" title="Profile and articles by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98652/afghanistan-taliban-third-anniversary/">Collecting Just Security’s Afghanistan Coverage on Third Anniversary of Taliban Takeover</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98592/sudan-talks-deadlock/">Breaking the Deadlock: New Talks Needed to Help End Sudan’s Violence and Offer a Glimmer of Hope</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/abdulshafiquscondy/" title="Profile and articles by Quscondy Abdulshafi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Quscondy Abdulshafi</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 13th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98543/fara-sue-mi-terry/">The Perils of Expertise: How the DOJ Indictment of Sue Mi Terry Can Chill the Think Tank World</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/craiggregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory B. Craig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory B. Craig</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98501/israel-trans-border-torture/">Justice for Trans-border Torture Requires Rethinking the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction in the Israel-Palestine Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-natansmadar/" title="Profile and articles by Smadar Ben-Natan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Smadar Ben-Natan</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mannitamar/" title="Profile and articles by Itamar Mann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Itamar Mann</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98445/our-lives-depend-on-cloud/">Our Lives Depend on the Cloud. Now What?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pendletonjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Pendleton" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Pendleton</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/leviteariel/" title="Profile and articles by Ariel Levite" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ariel Levite</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98429/security-council-report-isis-qaeda/">Wake Up Call: UN Security Council’s Report on ISIS and al-Qaeda</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98378/podcast-assessing-laws-of-war/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Laws of War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/droegecordula/" title="Profile and articles by Cordula Droege" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cordula Droege</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98313/podcast-hostage-policy/">The Just Security Podcast: The Evolution of U.S. Hostage Policy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/foleydiane/" title="Profile and articles by Diane Foley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Diane Foley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hartigluke/" title="Profile and articles by Luke Hartig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Luke Hartig</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98273/the-aftermath-of-the-haniyeh-killing-how-to-avoid-a-new-middle-east-war/">The Aftermath of the Haniyeh Killing: How to Avoid a New Middle East War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98261/disability-think-differently-trump/">Donald Trump’s Dangerous Views on Disability and the Power to Think Differently</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97738/just-security-analysis-supreme-court/">Collecting Just Security’s Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Term</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98205/prudential-trump-v-united-states/">A Prudential Way Forward in <i>Trump v. United States</i></a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bobbittphilip/" title="Profile and articles by Philip Bobbitt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Philip Bobbitt</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98091/negotiations-with-iran-now/">Space May be Opening for Negotiations with Iran</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brewgregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory Brew" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory Brew</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/">What the Draft UN “Pact for the Future” Tells Us About International Insecurity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gowanrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gowan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gowan</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98082/international-court-of-justices-call-on-all-states-to-end-israels-occupation-and-find-a-path-to-peace/">International Court of Justice’s Call on All States to End Israel’s Occupation and Find a Path to Peace</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nowrojeebinaifer/" title="Profile and articles by Binaifer Nowrojee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/"><i> United States v. Nixon </i> at Fifty: Why Judge Cannon Is Wrong About the Attorney General’s Authority to Select a Special Counsel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ledermanmarty/" title="Profile and articles by Marty Lederman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marty Lederman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97937/azerbaijan-arbitrary-detentions-host-cop29/">Azerbaijan’s Aliyev Extends Arbitrary Detentions Even as He Prepares to Host Global Climate Conference COP29</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovazhala/" title="Profile and articles by Zhala Bayramova" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhala Bayramova</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovibad/" title="Profile and articles by Ibad Bayramov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ibad Bayramov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramliemin/" title="Profile and articles by Emin Bayramli" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emin Bayramli</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-ghiatruth/" title="Profile and articles by Ruth Ben-Ghiat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ruth Ben-Ghiat</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kolbjoshua/" title="Profile and articles by Joshua Kolb" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joshua Kolb</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/warrenandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Warren" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Warren</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kovacs-goodmanjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Kovacs-Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Kovacs-Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97922/non-state-civilian-political-institutions/">Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fortinkatharine/" title="Profile and articles by Katharine Fortin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katharine Fortin</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97826/state-departments-civilian-harm-incident-response/">The State Department’s Civilian Harm Incident Response Guidance: How to Make a Good Thing Better</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blahacharles/" title="Profile and articles by Charles O. (Cob) Blaha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Charles O. (Cob) Blaha</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97781/three-flaws-supreme-court-immunity/">Three Flaws in the Supreme Court’s Decision on Presidential Criminal Immunity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97760/economic-security-presidential-power/">How ‘Economic Security’ is Re-shaping Presidential Power</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/claussenkathleen/" title="Profile and articles by Kathleen Claussen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kathleen Claussen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/meyertimothy/" title="Profile and articles by Timothy Meyer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Timothy Meyer</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97747/trump-docs-case-dismissed/">Judge Cannon Finds Special Counsel Unconstitutional in Trump Classified Documents Case: What’s Next for Jack Smith?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/" title="Profile and articles by Adam Klasfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adam Klasfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97718/nato-summit-ukraine-russia-china/">After the NATO Summit, Allies Need to Step Up Their Game on Ukraine, Russia, and China</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kramerdavidj/" title="Profile and articles by David J. Kramer" class="author url fn" rel="author">David J. Kramer</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kellyian/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Resources</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-4" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Trackers</h3><div class="flexible-content posts clearfix" style="height:auto;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100235/unga-79-expert-analysis-resources/">UNGA 79: Expert Analysis & Resources</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/77022/january-6-clearinghouse/">January 6 Clearinghouse</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hendrixjustin/" title="Profile and articles by Justin Hendrix" class="author url fn" rel="author">Justin Hendrix</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a></p> <p class="date">Mar 14th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><aside id="js-scrolling-content-6" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Series</h3><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:350px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96975/icc-prosecutor-policy-complementarity-cooperation/">Symposium: ICC Prosecutor Launches Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/uruenarene/" title="Profile and articles by René Urueña" class="author url fn" rel="author">René Urueña</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96881/symposium-on-ai-and-human-rights/">Introducing the Symposium on AI and Human Rights</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/peakejessica/" title="Profile and articles by Jessica Peake" 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Until 2019, he was a government intelligence analyst.</p> </div><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wildeg/">Gavin <span>Wilde</span></a></h4><p>Gavin Wilde is a senior fellow in the Technology and International Affairs Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 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