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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Telesur" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Telesur" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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<li id="toc-Sponsor_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsor_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sponsor countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsor_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_sanctions_applied_by_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_sanctions_applied_by_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Impact of sanctions applied by United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_sanctions_applied_by_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journalists_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalists_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Journalists and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journalists_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Political bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_of_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_of_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Representation of images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_of_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertisements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertisements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Advertisements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertisements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Human rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_Honduras_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_Honduras_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>2009 Honduras coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_Honduras_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine_and_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine_and_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ukraine and Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine_and_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_language_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_language_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Additional language versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_language_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telesur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تيليسور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيليسور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="তেলেসুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তেলেসুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تله‌سور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تله‌سور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele_Sur" title="Tele Sur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tele Sur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur_(TV-kanalo)" title="Telesur (TV-kanalo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Telesur (TV-kanalo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8" title="טלסור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלסור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur_(televisiezender)" title="Telesur (televisiezender) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telesur (televisiezender)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="テレスール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テレスール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeleSUR" title="TeleSUR – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="TeleSUR" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Telesur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeleSUR" title="TeleSUR – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="TeleSUR" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeleSUR" title="TeleSUR – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="TeleSUR" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0_(%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2)" title="南方電視台 (拉丁美洲) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南方電視台 (拉丁美洲)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310659#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-tv-channel"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Telesur</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size ib-tv-channel-logo" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TeleSUR-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TeleSUR-Logo.svg/220px-TeleSUR-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TeleSUR-Logo.svg/330px-TeleSUR-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TeleSUR-Logo.svg/440px-TeleSUR-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">State media</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label">Americas<br /> Europe <br /> Africa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezolana de Televisión</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bolivia_TV" title="Bolivia TV">Bolivia TV</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cubavision_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubavision International">Cubavision International</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canal_4_(Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 4 (Nicaragua)">Canal 4 (Nicaragua)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data category">Spanish<br />English<br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Picture format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a> <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> <br />(downscaled to <a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a>/<a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a> for the <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a> feed)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Communication_and_Information_System" title="Bolivarian Communication and Information System">SiBCI</a> (Governments of Venezuela, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">24 July 2005<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2005-07-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.telesurtv.net">www<wbr />.telesurtv<wbr />.net</a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.telesurenglish.net">www<wbr />.telesurenglish<wbr />.net</a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="ib-tv-channel-availability"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Availability</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Terrestrial</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">Analog UHF</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></small></th><td class="infobox-data">Channel 51 (<a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, listings may vary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital UHF</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></small></th><td class="infobox-data">Channel 22.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/StarSat" title="StarSat">StarSat</a> (South Africa)</th><td class="infobox-data">Channel 461 (Telesur English)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Telesur</b> (stylized as <b>teleSUR</b>) is a Latin American terrestrial and satellite news <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, Venezuela, and sponsored by the governments of Venezuela, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ArgentinaOut_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArgentinaOut-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First proposed in 2005 and subsidized by Venezuela, Telesur was launched under the government of <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, and promoted as "a Latin <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> answer to <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Channeling_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Channeling-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described as a network showcasing the diversity of Latin America and a <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_propaganda" title="Bolivarian propaganda">propaganda outlet</a> for state views under <i><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">chavismo</a></i>. </p><p>In Latin America, teleSUR can be seen in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and other territories as <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> in DirecTV's package (channels 292 and 722). In 2020, Uruguay removed its sponsorship. </p><p>In 2020, the company received the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Francisco_de_Miranda" title="Order of Francisco de Miranda">Order of Francisco de Miranda</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The proposed alternative Latin American television network that would become Telesur took shape on 24 January 2005, as part of the projects approved in a council of ministers of the Venezuelan government.<sup id="cite_ref-MINCI1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MINCI1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, the Venezuelan government provided broadcasting facilities and 70% of Telesur's funds, with other leftist governments supporting the network as well. Telesur was advertised "as a Latin <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> answer to <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Channeling_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Channeling-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telesur began broadcasting on a limited, four-hour schedule on 24 July 2005, on the 222nd birthday of Latin American leader <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a>. The network began full-time broadcasts on 31 October 2005. </p><p>In 2009, Venezuela subsidized the launch of the communications satellite <a href="/wiki/Venesat-1" title="Venesat-1">Venesat-1</a>, in part to amplify Telesur's programming by enabling it to avoid <a href="/wiki/Geo-blocking" title="Geo-blocking">geo-blocking</a> efforts by <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirectTV</a>, an American company.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The founder of Telesur was Aram Aharonian, a journalist and scholar, who left Uruguay after the <a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 coup d'état</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aharonian stated that the idea of Telesur was "to see ourselves as we truly were", stating that he sought more diversity in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Aharonian resigned from his position as the network's director in 2013, he commented in a 2014 interview that Telesur "did not achieve latinamericanization and continued to be Venezuelan".<sup id="cite_ref-Lagaceta_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lagaceta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sponsor_countries">Sponsor countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sponsor countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeleSUR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/TeleSUR.svg/220px-TeleSUR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/TeleSUR.svg/330px-TeleSUR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/TeleSUR.svg/440px-TeleSUR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#003380; color:white;"> </span> Current sponsors</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#55FFDD; color:black;"> </span> Former sponsors</div></figcaption></figure> <p>La Nueva Televisora del Sur, C.A. is a public company which has various Latin American governments as its sponsors. Its primary sponsor is the Government of Venezuela; <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> have contributed as well. <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> was its second main sponsor, but after the victory of <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a> <a href="/wiki/Center-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-right">center-right</a> coalition <a href="/wiki/Cambiemos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambiemos">Cambiemos</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Argentine_general_election" title="2015 Argentine general election">elections of 2015</a>, the new government decided in 2016 to pull out allegedly because of a "lack of 'pluralism'."<sup id="cite_ref-ArgentinaOut_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArgentinaOut-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2016, the Argentine government announced that it would no longer support Telesur broadcasting. Argentina became the first founding member of Telesur to discontinue participation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 March 2005 Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez signed several agreements with then-recently elected Uruguayan president <a href="/wiki/Tabar%C3%A9_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Tabaré Vázquez">Tabaré Vázquez</a> regarding the energetic and communicational integration of both countries, one of them being the joint creation and financing of Telesur. After just under a year of signing the agreements, they had not been carried out, although the party of President Vázquez had a majority in the country's legislative branch. Venezuelan journalist <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Izarra" title="Andrés Izarra">Andrés Izarra</a>, president of Telesur, confirmed in an interview in January 2006 the delay in the approval of the full incorporation of the country to the network: "There is a special situation (in Uruguay), because although the country <i>is</i> a member of Telesur, until their <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Congress</a> does not approve it, we can't broadcast the channel locally or receive government funding. The situation requires a political decision and we hope that the government of <a href="/wiki/Tabar%C3%A9_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Tabaré Vázquez">Tabaré Vázquez</a> support the initiative".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president of the Uruguayan Deputies' Education Commission, Jorge Brovetto confirmed in February 2006 the country still wasn't part of the network's sponsors and asked that, until the parliament decided on a final status, Uruguay's name be removed as a sponsor from Telesur's promotions and website.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2006, Uruguay's Minister of Education and Culture, Brovetto, expressed worries regarding the network's editorial line on certain issues and governments in the region, and how the <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a> of his country could be affected by it.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uruguay's Chamber of Senators approved the bill that would ratify the agreements on 8 August 2006 by votes of the legislators belonging to ruling party, but the Chamber of Deputies postponed several times the debate on the draft.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although sources close to the Congress told the press in February 2009 that the issue of incorporation to Telesur "was not a priority item in their agenda", and that the issue would not be discussed during the remainder of that year,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the agreement was finally ratified on 2 June 2009.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 13 March 2020, the new government of <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Lacalle_Pou" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou">Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou</a> stopped funding the network as part of the country's new foreign affairs strategy of "not integrating alliances based on ideological affinities".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_sanctions_applied_by_United_States">Impact of sanctions applied by United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Impact of sanctions applied by United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, English-language Telesur canceled "The Empire Files", a program produced by United States–based journalists <a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin" title="Abby Martin">Abby Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Prysner" title="Michael Prysner">Mike Prysner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin, Prysner, and other Telesur contract journalists had their funding blocked by the application of <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" title="United States sanctions">United States sanctions</a> against Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2023_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academic Stuart Davis cites the cancellation as an example of how United States sanctions hamper public funding of media production in Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2023_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journalists_and_staff">Journalists and staff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Journalists and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Third-party plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may rely excessively on sources <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">too closely associated with the subject</a></b>, potentially preventing the article from being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit">improve it</a> by replacing them with more appropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying and using independent sources">reliable, independent, third-party sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The channel's news agenda was originally decided by its board of directors with the aid of an advisory council, consisting of many leftist intellectuals, including <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a>, poet <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Cardenal" title="Ernesto Cardenal">Ernesto Cardenal</a>, writers <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saul_Landau" title="Saul Landau">Saul Landau</a>, editor-in-chief of <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_diplomatique" title="Le Monde diplomatique">Le Monde diplomatique</a></i> and historian <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ramonet" title="Ignacio Ramonet">Ignacio Ramonet</a>, Argentine film producer <a href="/wiki/Trist%C3%A1n_Bauer" title="Tristán Bauer">Tristán Bauer</a>, free software pioneer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> and US actor and activist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Glover" title="Danny Glover">Danny Glover</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Richard Stallman, who was on the advisory board that oversaw the launch of the channel, resigned on 26 February 2011, criticizing the channel's coverage during the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a> and describing it as a pro-<a href="/wiki/Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a> stance.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 November 2006, the then correspondent of Telesur in Colombia, Fredy Muñoz Altamiranda, was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> on charges of rebellion and terrorism. Muñoz Altamiranda said that he feared for his life after being released due to subsequent threats.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> questioned the evidence against Múñoz and called his imprisonment an "outrage" and an "abuse", arguing that the Colombian government could be acting against press freedom if the journalist had been jailed due to his work or because of past Telesur interviews with Colombian guerrillas. The Inter American Press Association also criticized his detention and asked for the respect of due process.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telesur correspondent in Argentina, Edgardo Esteban, was awakened the morning on 11 September 2008, by the detonation of a homemade bomb of low intensity in front of his home.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The journalist had received several threats because of his work on torture and corruption of Argentine military during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Federation_of_Journalists" title="Latin American Federation of Journalists">Latin American Federation of Journalists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Forum of Argentine Journalism<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Inter_American_Press_Association" title="Inter American Press Association">Inter American Press Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expressed its rejection to any situations that put at risk the life of the journalist and demanded from the national and provincial authorities to work "so that intimidation against journalists will not happen again". Esteban expressed concern for his life and his family after the attack.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Correspondent in Ecuador, Elena Rodríguez, has received death threats.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2018, Telesur anchor Daniela Vielman resigned from the network, denouncing xenophobic treatment from employers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, after Telesur was founded, it was described as a network showcasing the diversity of Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telesur also "won praise for its high production values and its intensive reporting about Latin America for Latin Americans".<sup id="cite_ref-MH2014_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network has <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftist</a> views representing its sponsorship nations: Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, Uruguay and Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-MH2014_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MH2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in <i>The Sage Handbook of Propaganda</i>, Daniel Aguirre and Caroline Ávila state that Telesur was among the media outlets created and established under <i><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">chavismo</a></i> "that amplify the propaganda messaging that Chávez directly articulated and was later channeled by pro-government media".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joel D. Hirst, a former International Affairs Fellow in Residence of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>, stated that the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alliance_for_the_Peoples_of_Our_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America">Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America</a> (ALBA), knowing the importance of propaganda, "embarked upon an ambitious plan to control information across the hemisphere" and began their plan with the creation of Telesur in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirst_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirst-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_bias">Political bias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political bias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Telesur was a propaganda tool for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a>, with the network acting as a mouthpiece for the Venezuelan regime.<sup id="cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Usingoil2005_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usingoil2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChavezBid_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChavezBid-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TelesurTested_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelesurTested-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Aram Aharonian, the founder of Telesur who was removed from the network in December 2008 by former Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Popular_Power_for_Communication_and_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Popular Power for Communication and Information">Minister of Popular Power for Communication and Information</a> Andres Izarra, Chávez "took the reins" of Telesur and used "propaganda as rolling news".<sup id="cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, according to <a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_IV" title="Connie Mack IV">Connie Mack IV</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> from <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 14th congressional district">Florida's 14th congressional district</a> who authored a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> amendment authorizing Washington to create a station that would broadcast exclusively to Venezuela, Telesur undermines the balance of power in the western hemisphere and spreads Chávez's "anti-American, anti-freedom rhetoric".<sup id="cite_ref-UnderFire_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UnderFire-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the House passed the amendment, the Venezuelan ambassador in Washington, D.C., Bernardo Álvarez, stated that "in Venezuela there are 48 channels of free access to anyone with a television set and a small antenna. Only two of them belong to the government. You can also receive more than 120 channels from four continents."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chairman of the US <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Board_of_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Board of Governors">Broadcasting Board of Governors</a>, which runs <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> broadcasts in Latin America, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a> said that the US could not be "out-communicated" by what he called enemies such as Telesur.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics have argued that Telesur works as a propaganda network for the governments of Hugo Chávez and <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>, and provides coverage that focus only on information that may benefit or harm a government, according to its political alignment.<sup id="cite_ref-Channeling_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Channeling-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Usingoil2005_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usingoil2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hirst_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirst-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2019, Telesur "insistently pointed out through reports that in Venezuela there is no humanitarian emergency, scarcity or general crisis" and "dismissed the exodus of millions of Venezuelans in search of a better life".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A June 2015 publication from the <a href="/wiki/Legatum_Institute" title="Legatum Institute">Legatum Institute</a> states that TeleSUR's Venezuelan coverage "attempts to whitewash regime abuses and failures. TeleSUR focuses on exaggerated coverage of negative events elsewhere, such as racial tensions in Ferguson, Missouri, or unemployment in Spain, and sets up false comparisons, such as equating Venezuelan supermarket queues and queues for the 'Black Friday' shopping holiday in the US."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argentina">Argentina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Argentinian website <a href="/wiki/Infobae" title="Infobae">Infobae</a>, during a large demonstration in Argentina in December 2017 against policies proposed by center-right Argentine President <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Macri" title="Mauricio Macri">Mauricio Macri</a> (who previously denounced human rights abuses in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>), Telesur "omitted the attack on uniforms and the large number of injured policemen (...) and also omitted that protagonist of one of the incidents was pre-candidate to deputy for a left party, Santiago Sebastian Romero".<sup id="cite_ref-doble_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doble-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While "there were demonstrations in Venezuela against the economic policies of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro in the same year, that ended with 100 deaths, thousands of arbitrary detentions and injured people. In those cases, Telesur praised the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan National Guard">Venezuelan National Guard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_National_Police" title="Bolivarian National Police">Bolivarian National Police</a>, accused the demonstrators of being related to the United States, and considered Maduro's government as a promoter of peace".<sup id="cite_ref-doble_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doble-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation_of_images">Representation of images</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Representation of images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2019_shipping_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Venezuela" title="2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela">2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela</a>, Telesur disseminated photos of protesters that the author of said were protesters dousing and burning <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> in gasoline.<sup id="cite_ref-AgenceFrancePresse2019_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AgenceFrancePresse2019-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> concluded that the original author of the photos was Karla Salcedo Flores and that the images "do not show a man pouring gasoline on one of the burning trucks during the incidents", as alleged by Telesur.<sup id="cite_ref-AgenceFrancePresse2019_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AgenceFrancePresse2019-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertisements">Advertisements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Advertisements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While promoting an ad campaign for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Venezuela" title="Government of Venezuela">Government of Venezuela</a>, Telesur used a photo on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> reporter Jim Wyss arriving at the <a href="/wiki/Miami_International_Airport" title="Miami International Airport">Miami International Airport</a> after being arrested by Venezuelan authorities and interrogated by <a href="/wiki/SEBIN" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBIN">SEBIN</a>. The Telesur Twitter campaign stated, "We love Venezuela for receiving foreigners like one of our own."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTjan2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTjan2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNjan2015_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNjan2015-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TELEjan2015_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TELEjan2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCjan2015_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCjan2015-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident became popular in the international media since they found the use of the photo ironic due to the circumstances surrounding it.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTjan2015_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTjan2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNjan2015_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNjan2015-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TELEjan2015_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TELEjan2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCjan2015_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCjan2015-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telesur later removed the photo from their Twitter account.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNjan2015_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNjan2015-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Americas director of <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Vivanco" title="José Miguel Vivanco">José Miguel Vivanco</a>, opposed the creation of Telesur.<sup id="cite_ref-Concise_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concise-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, Vivanco stated, "If the shareholders of this company belong to a government like Cuba where they have no basic concept of free speech and zero tolerance for independent views, God help us".<sup id="cite_ref-Concise_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concise-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human Rights Watch also criticized the Venezuelan government in 2008 for preventing the freedom of expression of private media by blocking their expansion while strengthening the presence of Telesur and other government media in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the election of <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Macri" title="Mauricio Macri">Mauricio Macri</a> as President of Argentina, Macri and Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> engaged in disputes over Venezuela's human rights, with the Argentine government later pulling its funding of Telesur in March 2016 alleging that Telesur "blocks alternative viewpoints".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009_Honduras_coup">2009 Honduras coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2009 Honduras coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A group of Telesur and <a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezuelan state media</a> journalists were in Honduras on 28 June 2009 to cover the events in relation to a non-binding <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> on the possibility of changes to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Honduras" title="Constitution of Honduras">constitution of Honduras</a>. Upon learning that soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Honduras">Honduran military</a> had ousted President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Zelaya" title="Manuel Zelaya">Manuel Zelaya</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2009 Honduran coup d'état">coup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a> him to <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, the Telesur staff stayed in the country to cover events following the coup.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A day after the coup, Telesur journalist Adriana Sívori and the crew accompanying her were arrested by the Honduran military. Several other international journalists were also under threat and their passports were retained.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As soon as the world learned of the detention, the journalists and their staff were quickly released. Sívori was reportedly assaulted by the soldiers who detained her. Telesur was, until the detention and quick release of journalist Sívori, the only international channel that was broadcasting live the unrest in the streets of Tegucigalpa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The coverage of the coup by the channel, according to supporters of ousted President Manuel Zelaya and several social and sindical organizations, was essential to make the world and, to some extent, the Honduran people know "without censorships" the situation in the country and President Zelaya's whereabouts.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 June 2009, several social organizations and journalistic unions in Venezuela took part in a march to the channel's studios in solidarity with the journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 July 2009, the Telesur crew, which were working together with the <a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezuelan state media</a> were arrested at dawn by police in the hotel where they were staying. After a rigorous review of their documents and after being warned that if they continued their work in the country their personal safety was at risk, the crews were released but banned from leaving the hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teams decided to leave the country after concluding that it was not possible to continue their work. The <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Federation_of_Journalists" title="Latin American Federation of Journalists">Latin American Federation of Journalists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Commission on Human Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inter_American_Press_Association" title="Inter American Press Association">Inter American Press Association</a> condemned what they considered an attempt to stifle the free flow of information on the situation in the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 25 September, Telesur journalists claimed they had been attacked with high-frequency radiation and mind-altering gas along with other international journalists accompanying Manuel Zelaya during his entrenchment in the Brazilian embassy after returning to the country on 21 Sept.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telesur reported on 9 October that their media staff, who were covering the stay of President Manuel Zelaya in the Brazilian Embassy in Tegucigalpa since his arrival on 21 September, were forced to leave by "the progressive deterioration of their health due to a systematic plan of repression carried out by the de facto authorities".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine_and_Russia">Ukraine and Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ukraine and Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> that began in 2022, critics say that Telesur has spread Russian disinformation in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Telesur is available <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> via satellite in Latin America, the United States, <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Africa">Northern Africa</a>. The network's availability through <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a> has been very limited in Latin America because of the network's editorial approach to several events and governments in the region; the station manager in 2007, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aram_Arahonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aram Arahonian (page does not exist)">Aram Arahonian</a>, said in an interview that "cable owners do not provide us with any access [...] it's not frequent, but it has affected us in the large countries."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Christopher Walker of the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_Democracy" title="National Endowment for Democracy">National Endowment for Democracy</a>, Telesur is Venezuela's "<a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> media outlet" and has the ability to take advantage of both domestic and foreign media due to censorship of competing outlets in <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> states and openness in <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> states, which allow Telesur to broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The availability of the channel via <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial television</a> is greatly limited in the vast majority of South American countries. The only countries in the region that receive all of Telesur's broadcasts via terrestrial television are Venezuela and Ecuador, whose governments are sponsors of the channel. Telesur is currently available via Digital Terrestrial Television in Argentina, as part of the government-sponsored channel lineup which includes several other public service, educational, music, sports, and news channels. Venezuela started broadcasting Telesur via terrestrial television on 9 February 2007<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ecuador on 15 July 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the sponsor countries broadcast some of the networks' programs, mainly the news, in their public and educational channels (see list of sister channels).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The network started in February 2008 to broadcast some news programming to Brazil in Portuguese through several community stations in the state of <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a>. By 2011, Telesur is no longer available in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Portuguese_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portuguese-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cuba">Cuba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Cuba is one of the primary funders of Telesur, the channel is not available in all areas of the country. Additionally, it was not until late 2007 that its programming was broadcast daily on the island, and still only from 22:30 until 8:00 the following day via <a href="/wiki/Canal_Educativo_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal Educativo 2">Canal Educativo 2</a>, an educational television channel.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 20 January 2013, live simulcasting of Telesur has been extended and now occurs daily from 20:00 until 16:30.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until January 2013, some of Telesur's programming was broadcast in Cuba during the day as a one-hour, highly edited mix of its news and documentary programs titled "Lo mejor de Telesur" (<i>The Best of Telesur</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, depending on the topic in the program, <a href="/wiki/Mesa_Redonda_Internacional" title="Mesa Redonda Internacional">Mesa Redonda Internacional</a>, a news and opinion program produced for Telesur by the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">Cuban Institute of Radio and Television</a>. According to the Swedish analyst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Shachar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan Shachar (page does not exist)">Nathan Shachar</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> government thusly censors any information that is not to the liking of its "political system",<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which includes "free elections, multiparty, strikes and protest movements that are non-existent on the island".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_language_versions">Additional language versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Additional language versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his interview with <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Amanpour" title="Christiane Amanpour">Christiane Amanpour</a> for <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> announced that as part of the U.S. media coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9317_Venezuelan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–17 Venezuelan protests">2014 Venezuela protests</a> Telesur would launch in English, French and Portuguese on 24 July 2014, to coincide with <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Simón Bolívar Day">Simón Bolívar Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2014, an English Telesur website was launched. A 24-hour broadcast channel started in July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 January 2018, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features" title="List of Facebook features">Facebook page</a> was deleted momentarily. However, a Facebook spokesperson later stated "[<i>Telesur English</i>] was temporarily unavailable due to an internal mistake." One staffer's Facebook has over 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Facebook_like_button" title="Facebook like button">likes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ballesteros_2018_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballesteros_2018-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeleSUR_news_ident_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/TeleSUR_news_ident_2012.jpg/220px-TeleSUR_news_ident_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/TeleSUR_news_ident_2012.jpg/330px-TeleSUR_news_ident_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/TeleSUR_news_ident_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The former news ident (July 2012)</figcaption></figure> <p>Current programming <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> is: </p> <ul><li><i>Telesur Noticias</i> (Telesur News): <a href="/wiki/Current_affairs_(news_format)" title="Current affairs (news format)">Current affairs</a> Latin American <a href="/wiki/News_program" class="mw-redirect" title="News program">news program</a> broadcast from the network's headquarters in Caracas, Venezuela with permanent <a href="/wiki/Correspondent" title="Correspondent">correspondents</a> and collaborators in several countries throughout the region and other parts of the world.</li> <li><i>El Mundo Hoy</i> (The World Today): Extended morning edition of Telesur Noticias.</li> <li><i>Conexión Global</i> (Global Connection): Extended midday edition of Telesur Noticias.</li> <li><i>Edición Central</i> (Central Edition): Extended evening edition of Telesur Noticias.</li> <li><i>Deportes Telesur</i> (Telesur Sports): Sports News Show.</li> <li><i>Reportajes Telesur</i> (Telesur Reports): Weekly analytical program regarding Latin America's most important current events.</li> <li><i>Agenda Abierta</i>: A news and interviews program hosted by Argentine journalist Lourdes Zuazo regarding Latin America's current events; now a segment of El Mundo Hoy.</li> <li><i>Dossier</i>: An international news program hosted by Venezuelan journalist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mart%C3%ADnez_(journalist)" title="Walter Martínez (journalist)">Walter Martínez</a> on weekday nights; this program is also broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezuelan State TV</a>.</li> <li><i>Impacto Económico</i> (Economical Impact): Business and economical news, hosted by Argentine journalist Marcela Heredia.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Redonda_Internacional" title="Mesa Redonda Internacional">Mesa Redonda Internacional</a></i>: Political and social analysis program broadcast on Tuesday and Thursday nights live from Havana, Cuba.</li> <li><i>Síntesis</i>: Summary of weekly top stories broadcast on Saturday mornings.</li> <li><i>Maestra Vida</i>: <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">Biographies</a> of Latin American personalities.</li> <li><i>Jugada Crítica</i>: Analysis and news from a geopolitical and geostrategic point of view.</li> <li><i>Enclave Politica</i>: Interviews, opinion, and news on political and social events.</li> <li><i>The World Today with Tariq Ali</i>: An interpretation of the political world with Tariq Ali from London, England.</li> <li><i>El Punto en La i</i>: Investigative journalistic analysis of topics of interest to Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a>, directed by Venezuelan journalist Lucía Córdova.</li></ul> <p>Former programming<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> is: </p> <ul><li><i>Sones y Pasiones</i>: Documentary program regarding Latin American music and its performers.</li> <li><i>Vamos a Conocernos</i>: Brief information regarding the geography, culture and history of Latin American countries.</li> <li><i>Vidas</i>: Program on people who excel in several areas despite the poverty and hardships in their communities.</li> <li><i>Memorias del Fuego</i>: Documentary program which broadcasts independent documentaries on contemporary Latin America.</li> <li><i>Destino Latinoamérica</i> (Destination Latin America): A series of programs about Latin American tourist destinations.</li> <li><i>América, Tierra Nuestra</i> (America, Our Land): Documentaries about Latin American culture and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>.</li> <li><i>Contravía</i>: Documentary program regarding Colombia's sociopolitical situation, hosted by journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollman_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollman Morris (page does not exist)">Hollman Morris</a>.</li> <li><i>Alerta Verde</i> (Green Alert): Documentary program regarding the deterioration of Latin American ecosystem in several countries.</li> <li><i>En vivo desde el SUR</i> (Live from the South): Live individual interviews regarding the most important news of the day, hosted by Colombian journalist Patricia Villegas on weekdays at night.</li> <li><i>Rear Window</i>: Cultural magazine program presented by <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><i>Historia de las Ciudades</i> (The History of the Cities): Documentary program regarding the history of Latin American cities</li> <li><i>SoloCortos.com</i>: brief audiovisual works created by Latin American directors.</li> <li><i>CineSUR</i>: Latin American independent cinema.</li> <li><i>Agenda del Sur</i>: Live morning news and talk show.</li> <li><i>Cubanos en primer plano</i> (Cubans in the foreground): Biographies of Cuban personalities.</li> <li><i>De este lado</i>: Political and social analysis program produced in Mexico and hosted by journalist Blanche Petrich</li> <li><i>Resumen '<a href="/wiki/Al%C3%B3_Presidente" title="Aló Presidente">Aló Presidente</a>'</i>: An abridged version of the program hosted by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez on <a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezuelan State TV</a>.</li> <li><i>Visión 7 Internacional</i>: International news and analysis broadcast Saturdays live from Buenos Aires on Argentina's <a href="/wiki/Canal_7_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 7 Argentina">Canal 7</a>; also <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcasted</a> on Telesur.</li> <li><i>Mediotanque</i>: A program regarding Uruguayan culture and folklore.</li> <li><i>Videoteca contracorriente</i> (Counterflow videotheque): Interviews with contemporary Latin American social leaders and personalities, "developed with a critical and progressive view".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">State media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Latin_America" title="Television in Latin America">Television in Latin America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ArgentinaOut-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArgentinaOut_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArgentinaOut_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/world/americas/argentina-president-wont-fund-leftist-tv-network.html">Argentina President won't fund leftist TV network</a>, <i>NY Times</i>, 29 March 2016, Retrieved on 15 April 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Channeling-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Channeling_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Channeling_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Channeling_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLakshmanan2005" class="citation news cs1">Lakshmanan, Indira (27 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2005/07/27/channeling_his_energies/?page=1">"Channeling his energies Venezuelans riveted by president's TV show"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Channeling+his+energies+Venezuelans+riveted+by+president%27s+TV+show&rft.date=2005-07-27&rft.aulast=Lakshmanan&rft.aufirst=Indira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Flatinamerica%2Farticles%2F2005%2F07%2F27%2Fchanneling_his_energies%2F%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MINCI1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MINCI1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123043258/http://www.minci.gov.ve/noticias-prensa-presidencial/28/7256/aprobada_creacion_de.html">"Aprobada creación de la Televisora del Sur, C.A."</a> (in Spanish). Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela. 24 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gov.ve/noticias-prensa-presidencial/28/7256/aprobada_creacion_de.html">the original</a> on 23 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aprobada+creaci%C3%B3n+de+la+Televisora+del+Sur%2C+C.A.&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information+and+Communication+of+Venezuela&rft.date=2005-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minci.gov.ve%2Fnoticias-prensa-presidencial%2F28%2F7256%2Faprobada_creacion_de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2023" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Stuart (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1345216431"><i>Sanctions as War: Anti-Imperialist Perspectives on American Geo-Economic Strategy</i></a>. Haymarket Books. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64259-812-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64259-812-4"><bdi>978-1-64259-812-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1345216431">1345216431</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanctions+as+War%3A+Anti-Imperialist+Perspectives+on+American+Geo-Economic+Strategy&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1345216431&rft.isbn=978-1-64259-812-4&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1345216431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CarrollTelesur-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrollTelesur_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRory2014" class="citation book cs1">Rory, Carroll (2014). <i>Comandante : Hugo Chávez's Venezuela</i>. Penguin Books: New York. pp. 195–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143124887" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143124887"><bdi>978-0143124887</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comandante+%3A+Hugo+Ch%C3%A1vez%27s+Venezuela&rft.place=Penguin+Books&rft.pages=195-196&rft.pub=New+York&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0143124887&rft.aulast=Rory&rft.aufirst=Carroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lagaceta-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lagaceta_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/601045/television/aram-aharonian-telesur-no-logro-ser-latinoamericano-sigue-siendo-venezolano.html">"Aram Aharonian: "Telesur no logró ser latinoamericano, sigue siendo venezolano"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Spanish). La Gaceta. 27 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aram+Aharonian%3A+%22Telesur+no+logr%C3%B3+ser+latinoamericano%2C+sigue+siendo+venezolano%22&rft.pub=La+Gaceta&rft.date=2014-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagaceta.com.ar%2Fnota%2F601045%2Ftelevision%2Faram-aharonian-telesur-no-logro-ser-latinoamericano-sigue-siendo-venezolano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327120713/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1883455-el-estado-argentino-se-va-de-la-cadena-telesur">"El Estado argentino se va de la cadena Telesur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n" title="La Nación">La Nación</a></i>. 27 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1883455-el-estado-argentino-se-va-de-la-cadena-telesur">the original</a> on 27 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=El+Estado+argentino+se+va+de+la+cadena+Telesur&rft.date=2016-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2F1883455-el-estado-argentino-se-va-de-la-cadena-telesur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuestraamerica.info/leer.hlvs/4582">"Entrevista al presidente de Telesur, Andrés Izarra"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709131531/http://www.nuestraamerica.info/leer.hlvs/4582">Archived</a> 9 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuestraamerica.info/">NuestraAmérica.info</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190309062813/http://www.nuestraamerica.info/">Archived</a> 9 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 20 January 2006 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 18 January 2009)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328054756/http://www.nuestraamerica.info/leer.hlvs/4582">"NuestraAmérica.info"</a>. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NuestraAm%C3%A9rica.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuestraamerica.info%2Fleer.hlvs%2F4582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.com.uy/politica/202831-el-parlamento-discutio-la-integracion-del-pais-a-telesur-y-la-situacion-del-canal5">"El Parlamento discutió la integración del país a Telesur y la situación del Canal 5"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.com.uy/">Diario La República</a>, 16 February 2006 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 18 January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.com.uy/politica/215776-brovetto-en-telesur-uruguay-es-responsable-de-lo-que-produce-y-participapero-no-de-la-eventual-linea-editorial">"Brovetto: En Telesur "Uruguay es responsable de lo que produce y participa", pero no de la eventual línea editorial"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.com.uy/">Diario La República</a>, 30 June 2006 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 9 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.com.uy/politica/311064-diputados-aplazo-votacion-sobre-la-red-telesur">"Diputados aplazó votación sobre la Red Telesur"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larepublica.com.uy/">Diario La República</a>, 14 May 2008 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 18 January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aporrea.org/internacionales/n129552.html">"Uruguay no se integrará este año a directiva de Telesur"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aporrea.org/">Aporrea.org</a>, 24 February 2009 (Retrieved 27 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/uruguay-se-retira-de-telesur-y-del-banco-del-sur-2020313125742">"Uruguay se retira de Telesur y del Banco del Sur"</a>. <i>El Observador</i> (in Spanish). 13 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Observador&rft.atitle=Uruguay+se+retira+de+Telesur+y+del+Banco+del+Sur&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elobservador.com.uy%2Fnota%2Furuguay-se-retira-de-telesur-y-del-banco-del-sur-2020313125742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/politica/gobierno-anuncio-retiro-uruguay-telesur-banco-sur.html">"Gobierno anunció retiro de Uruguay de Telesur y del Banco del Sur"</a>. <i>El País Uruguay</i> (in Spanish). 13 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs+Uruguay&rft.atitle=Gobierno+anunci%C3%B3+retiro+de+Uruguay+de+Telesur+y+del+Banco+del+Sur&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elpais.com.uy%2Finformacion%2Fpolitica%2Fgobierno-anuncio-retiro-uruguay-telesur-banco-sur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestion.pe/mundo/uruguay-se-retira-de-telesur-y-banco-del-sur-despues-de-abandonar-la-unasur-noticia/">"Uruguay se retira de Telesur y Banco del Sur después de abandonar la Unasur"</a>. <i>Gestión</i> (in Spanish). 13 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gesti%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Uruguay+se+retira+de+Telesur+y+Banco+del+Sur+despu%C3%A9s+de+abandonar+la+Unasur&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgestion.pe%2Fmundo%2Furuguay-se-retira-de-telesur-y-banco-del-sur-despues-de-abandonar-la-unasur-noticia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis2023-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2023_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2023_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2023_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2023" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Stuart (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1345216431"><i>Sanctions as War: Anti-Imperialist Perspectives on American Geo-Economic Strategy</i></a>. Haymarket Books. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64259-812-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64259-812-4"><bdi>978-1-64259-812-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1345216431">1345216431</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanctions+as+War%3A+Anti-Imperialist+Perspectives+on+American+Geo-Economic+Strategy&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1345216431&rft.isbn=978-1-64259-812-4&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1345216431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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text" href="http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/colombia/doc/telesur1.html">"Fredy Muñoz Altamiranda denuncia su situación ante la campaña de acoso del Gobierno colombiano"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derechos.org/">Derechos Human Rights</a>, 13 February 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 29 January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sipiapa.org/espanol/pressreleases/srchphrasedetail.cfm?PressReleaseID=1800">"Por la libertad de prensa en Colombia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614130710/http://www.sipiapa.org/espanol/pressreleases/srchphrasedetail.cfm?PressReleaseID=1800">Archived</a> 14 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sipiapa.org/">Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a>, 21 November 2006 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 2 February 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19803"><i>Comunicados de Reporteros sin Fronteras sobre situación del periodista Fredy Muñoz</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123152818/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19803">Archived</a> 23 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsf.org/">Reportes sans frontières</a>, 2006–2007 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sipiapa.org/">Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a>, 17 September 2008 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 7 June 2009)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929074523/http://www.sipiapa.org/v4/index.php?page=cont_comunicados&seccion=detalles&id=4030&idioma=sp">"Inicio- Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agence+France-Presse&rft.atitle=No%2C+estas+fotos+no+muestran+a+un+hombre+incendiando+un+cami%C3%B3n+de+ayuda+humanitaria&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactual.afp.com%2Fno-estas-fotos-no-muestran-un-hombre-incendiando-un-camion-de-ayuda-humanitaria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTjan2015-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTjan2015_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTjan2015_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuman2015" class="citation news cs1">Neuman, William (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/31/world/odd-photo-choice-for-venezuela-promotional-effort.html?_r=0">"Odd Photo Choice for Venezuela Promotional Effort"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Odd+Photo+Choice+for+Venezuela+Promotional+Effort&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Neuman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2F31%2Fworld%2Fodd-photo-choice-for-venezuela-promotional-effort.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNjan2015-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNjan2015_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNjan2015_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNjan2015_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez2015" class="citation news cs1">Lopez, Elwyn (31 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/31/world/venezuela-tourism-campaign/">"Reporter, once detained, now Venezuela's tourism poster child"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reporter%2C+once+detained%2C+now+Venezuela%27s+tourism+poster+child&rft.date=2015-01-31&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Elwyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F01%2F31%2Fworld%2Fvenezuela-tourism-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TELEjan2015-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TELEjan2015_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TELEjan2015_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwll2015" class="citation news cs1">Sherwll, Philip (1 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/venezuela/11382934/Venezuela-uses-photo-of-detained-US-journalist-to-promote-its-friendly-face-to-foreigners.html">"Venezuela uses photo of detained US journalist to promote its friendly face to foreigners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuela+uses+photo+of+detained+US+journalist+to+promote+its+friendly+face+to+foreigners&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.aulast=Sherwll&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fsouthamerica%2Fvenezuela%2F11382934%2FVenezuela-uses-photo-of-detained-US-journalist-to-promote-its-friendly-face-to-foreigners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCjan2015-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBCjan2015_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBCjan2015_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-31072006">"Venezuela drops tourism advert with detained US reporter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 31 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Venezuela+drops+tourism+advert+with+detained+US+reporter&rft.date=2015-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-31072006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concise-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Concise_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Concise_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischlinNandorfy2007" class="citation book cs1">Fischlin, Daniel; Nandorfy, Martha (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseguidetogl0000fisc"><i>The Concise Guide to Global Human Rights</i></a></span>. Montreal: Black Rose Books Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseguidetogl0000fisc/page/176">176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781551642949" title="Special:BookSources/9781551642949"><bdi>9781551642949</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Guide+to+Global+Human+Rights&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781551642949&rft.aulast=Fischlin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Nandorfy%2C+Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseguidetogl0000fisc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx2005" class="citation news cs1">Marx, Gary (17 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/07/17/will-truth-go-south-on-telesur-news/">"Will truth go south on Telesur news?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Will+truth+go+south+on+Telesur+news%3F&rft.date=2005-07-17&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2005%2F07%2F17%2Fwill-truth-go-south-on-telesur-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k8/pdfs/wr2…"><i>World Report 2008</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 2008. pp. 227–228<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Report+2008&rft.pages=227-228&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Flegacy%2Fwr2k8%2Fpdfs%2Fwr2%E2%80%A6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.mercopress.com/2016/03/29/argentina-pulling-out-of-venezuela-s-sponsored-telesur-tv-network">"Argentina pulling out of Venezuela's sponsored Telesur TV network"</a>. <i>MercoPress</i>. 29 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MercoPress&rft.atitle=Argentina+pulling+out+of+Venezuela%27s+sponsored+Telesur+TV+network&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.mercopress.com%2F2016%2F03%2F29%2Fargentina-pulling-out-of-venezuela-s-sponsored-telesur-tv-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/608408.html">"Arrestan a periodistas en Honduras"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/">El Universal (México</a>, 29 June 2009 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 30 June 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielPretel,_Enrique_Andres2009" class="citation web cs1">Daniel, Frank Jack; Pretel, Enrique Andres (14 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N13209584.htm">"Chavez-funded Telesur flourishes in Honduras coup"</a>. Reuters Alertnet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chavez-funded+Telesur+flourishes+in+Honduras+coup&rft.date=2009-07-14&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Frank+Jack&rft.au=Pretel%2C+Enrique+Andres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FN13209584.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aporrea.org/medios/n137675.html">"Comunicadores Socialistas respaldan a Telesur"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aporrea.org/">Aporrea.org</a>, 30 June 2009 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 30 June 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latribuna.hn/web2.0/?p=18676">" Policía retiene varias horas a periodistas extranjeros en hotel de Tegucigalpa"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101115212943/http://www.latribuna.hn/web2.0/?p=18676">Archived</a> 15 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latribuna.hn/">La Tribuna (Honduras)</a>, 12 July 2009 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 12 July 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias/1/190366/periodistas_de_telesur.html">"Periodistas de Telesur y VTV fueron arrestados por golpistas hondureños"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320060140/http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias/1/190366/periodistas_de_telesur.html">Archived</a> 20 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/">Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela</a>, 12 July 2009 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 12 July 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobles2009" class="citation news cs1">Robles, Frances (23 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091007024314/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/5min/story/1248828.html">"They're torturing me, Zelaya claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=They%27re+torturing+me%2C+Zelaya+claims&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft.aulast=Robles&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2F5min%2Fstory%2F1248828.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmen_Sesin2022" class="citation news cs1">Carmen Sesin (8 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/russian-propaganda-targeting-spanish-language-users-proliferates-socia-rcna19153">"Russian propaganda targeting Spanish-language users proliferates on social media"</a>. 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Bertelsmann Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Growing+audiences+and+influence%3A+Russian+media+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=Bertelsmann+Foundation&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.au=Daniela+Rojas+Medina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfna.org%2Fdigital-world%2Fgrowing-audiences-and-influence-russian-media-in-latin-america-7wlrwqpupm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://via.library.depaul.edu/dialogo/vol10/iss1/7">"We're not Anti-U.S.": An Interview with Telesur Director Aram Aharonian"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a></i>, Nikolas Kozloff, 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2016" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Christopher (1 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/the-authoritarian-threat-the-hijacking-of-soft-power/">"The Authoritarian Threat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Democracy" title="Journal of Democracy">Journal of Democracy</a></i>. <b>27</b> (1): 49–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2016.0007">10.1353/jod.2016.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31802016">31802016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=The+Authoritarian+Threat&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-59&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2016.0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31802016%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalofdemocracy.org%2Farticles%2Fthe-authoritarian-threat-the-hijacking-of-soft-power%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-nacionales/1/12145/a_partir_de.html">"A partir de hoy Telesur en señal abierta"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070424065127/http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-nacionales/1/12145/a_partir_de.html">Archived</a> 24 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/">Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela</a>, [9 February 2007, <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 13 July 2009)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320060152/http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-nacionales/1/12145/a_partir_de.html">"A partir de hoy Telesur en señal abierta"</a>. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+partir+de+hoy+Telesur+en+se%C3%B1al+abierta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minci.gob.ve%2Fnoticias-nacionales%2F1%2F12145%2Fa_partir_de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3910%3Atelesur-en-senal-abierta-desde-el-15-de-julio-por-htv&catid=1%3Aactualidad&Itemid=29">"Telesur en señal abierta desde el 15 de julio por HTV"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719134041/http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3910:telesur-en-senal-abierta-desde-el-15-de-julio-por-htv&catid=1:actualidad&Itemid=29">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/">El Ciudadano (Ecuador)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713075518/http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/">Archived</a> 13 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 13 July 2009, (Retrieved 13 July 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Publications/fellows__papers/James_Painter.pdf">"The Boom in Counter-Hegemonic News Channels: A Case Study of Telesur"</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Painter (page does not exist)">James Painter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, published 2007 (Retrieved 24 January 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325041357/http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Publications/fellows__papers/James_Painter.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Portuguese-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Portuguese_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090621043958/http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-minci/1/174307/telesur_abre_senal.html">"Telesur abre señal en portugués para Brasil"</a> [Telesur opens signal in Portuguese language for Brazil] (in Spanish). Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela. 24 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-minci/1/174307/telesur_abre_senal.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telesur+abre+se%C3%B1al+en+portugu%C3%A9s+para+Brasil&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information+and+Communication+of+Venezuela&rft.date=2005-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minci.gob.ve%2Fnoticias-minci%2F1%2F174307%2Ftelesur_abre_senal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-internacionales/1/16147/telesur_amplia_su.prnt">"Telesur amplía su alcance para llegar a Ecuador, Nicaragua y Europa"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716200346/http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-internacionales/1/16147/telesur_amplia_su.prnt">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minci.gob.ve/">Ministry of Information and Communication of Venezuela</a>, 9 October 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 11 June 2009)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320060200/http://www.minci.gob.ve/noticias-internacionales/1/16147/telesur_amplia_su.prnt">"TeleSUR amplía su alcance para llegar a Ecuador, Nicaragua y Europa"</a>. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TeleSUR+ampl%C3%ADa+su+alcance+para+llegar+a+Ecuador%2C+Nicaragua+y+Europa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minci.gob.ve%2Fnoticias-internacionales%2F1%2F16147%2Ftelesur_amplia_su.prnt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=86292">"Cuba Has a New TV Alternative"</a>. 21 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuba+Has+a+New+TV+Alternative&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.havanatimes.org%2F%3Fp%3D86292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvcubana.icrt.cu/seccion-informaciones/709-reajustes-en-la-programacion-de-la-television-cubana">"Reajustes en la programación de la Televisión Cubana"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reajustes+en+la+programaci%C3%B3n+de+la+Televisi%C3%B3n+Cubana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvcubana.icrt.cu%2Fseccion-informaciones%2F709-reajustes-en-la-programacion-de-la-television-cubana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/canal-educativo-2/">Programación Canal Educativo 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226024522/http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/canal-educativo-2/">Archived</a> 26 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/">Juventud Rebelde</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 11 January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y05/oct05/14a9.htm">"Telesur: ¿Censurada en Cuba?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105132732/http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y05/oct05/14a9.htm">Archived</a> 5 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cubanet.org/">CubaNet</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 8 January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/radikal-tv-kanal-far-kritik-1.731253">"Radikal tv-kanal får kritik"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709191455/http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/radikal-tv-kanal-far-kritik-1.731253">Archived</a> 9 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/">Dagens Nyheter</a>, 5 August 2005 <span class="languageicon">(in Swedish)</span> (Retrieved 4 March 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harrymagazine.com/200508/telesurcuba.htm">"Por qué Fidel Castro censura a Telesur"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313064444/http://www.harrymagazine.com/200508/telesurcuba.htm">Archived</a> 13 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harrymagazine.com/">HarryMagazine.com</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> (Retrieved 8 January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506054902/http://nextvlatam.com/telesur-will-have-english-french-and-portuguese-versions/?lang=en">"nextvlatam.com"</a>. <i>ww38.nextvlatam.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww38.nextvlatam.com/telesur-will-have-english-french-and-portuguese-versions/?lang=en">the original</a> on 6 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ww38.nextvlatam.com&rft.atitle=nextvlatam.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww38.nextvlatam.com%2Ftelesur-will-have-english-french-and-portuguese-versions%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/telesur-english-interview/">"ZCommunications » teleSUR English Interview"</a>. <i>zcomm.org</i>. 25 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zcomm.org&rft.atitle=ZCommunications+%C2%BB+teleSUR+English+Interview&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzcomm.org%2Fznetarticle%2Ftelesur-english-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ballesteros_2018-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ballesteros_2018_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallesteros2018" class="citation web cs1">Ballesteros, Carlos (24 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/facebook-telesur-english-latin-america-789339">"Latin American News Outlet's Facebook Page Mysteriously Disappears For 24 Hours"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/IBT_Media" title="IBT Media">IBT Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Latin+American+News+Outlet%27s+Facebook+Page+Mysteriously+Disappears+For+24+Hours&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft.aulast=Ballesteros&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Ffacebook-telesur-english-latin-america-789339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelesur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telesur&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Controversy_around_teleSUR_promotional_campaign" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Controversy around teleSUR promotional campaign"> Controversy around teleSUR promotional campaign</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//telesurtv.net">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//telesurenglish.net">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_networks_in_Venezuela" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Venezuela" title="Template:Television in Venezuela"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Venezuela" title="Template talk:Television in Venezuela"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Venezuela" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Venezuela"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_networks_in_Venezuela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_networks_in_Venezuela" title="List of television networks in Venezuela">Television networks in</a> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Major national<br />public networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">Venezolana de Televisión</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVes" title="TVes">TVes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2007)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Major national<br />private networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venevisi%C3%B3n" title="Venevisión">Venevisión</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televen" title="Televen">Televen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 1988)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Major commercial<br />regional networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal_i" title="Canal i">Canal i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_(Venezuela)" title="TVS (Venezuela)">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisora_de_Oriente" title="Televisora de Oriente">TVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_11_(Venezuela)" title="Canal 11 (Venezuela)">NCTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisora_Regional_del_T%C3%A1chira" title="Televisora Regional del Táchira">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promar_TV" title="Promar TV">Promar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Llano" title="TV Llano">TV Llano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuliana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Zuliana de Televisión">Zuliana de Televisión</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Other<br />channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ViVe" title="ViVe">ViVe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Bolivarian_Armed_Forces_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Bolivarian Armed Forces Television (page does not exist)">TV FANB</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asamblea_Nacional_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Asamblea Nacional Televisión">ANTV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleSUR" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleSUR">teleSUR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Channel" title="Sun Channel">Sun Channel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Plus_TV" title="Ve Plus TV">Ve Plus TV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_TV" title="Vale TV">Vale TV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridiano_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Meridiano Televisión">Meridiano Televisión</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV_ConCiencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV ConCiencia (page does not exist)">TV ConCiencia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globovisi%C3%B3n" title="Globovisión">Globovisión</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Since 1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Defunct channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Televisora Nacional (Venezuela) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952-1992)</span></li> <li>Televisa (Venezuela) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953-1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953-2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_11_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Canal 11 Televisión">Canal 11 Televisión</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966-1968)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tele" title="La Tele">La Tele</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002-2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Flamingo Televisión">Flamingo Televisión</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990-2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Americana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americana de Televisión (page does not exist)">ATEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003-2013)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Chávez" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Template:Hugo Chávez"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Template talk:Hugo Chávez"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Chávez"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Chávez" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Venezuela" title="List of presidents of Venezuela">45th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President of Venezuela</a> (1999–2013)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early life and career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Early life of Hugo Chávez">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Military career of Hugo Chávez">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">Coup attempt of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="1998 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election of 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg/100px-Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg/150px-Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg/200px-Hugo_Rafael_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1291" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/100px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/150px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg/200px-Presidential_Standard_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Hugo Chávez">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Hugo Chávez">Cabinet of Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Venezuela" title="Constitution of Venezuela">1999 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Venezuelan_general_election" title="2000 Venezuelan general election">General election of 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2006 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_of_Venezuela" title="United Socialist Party of Venezuela">United Socialist Party of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum">Constitutional referendum of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Venezuelan_constitutional_referendum" title="2009 Venezuelan constitutional referendum">Constitutional referendum of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Venezuelan_presidential_election" title="2012 Venezuelan presidential election">Presidential election of 2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt">Coup attempt of 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_general_strike_of_2002%E2%80%932003" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003">Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Venezuelan_recall_referendum" title="2004 Venezuelan recall referendum">Recall referendum of 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election</a></li> <li>2007 protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_RCTV_protests" title="2007 Venezuelan RCTV protests">RCTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Venezuelan_referendum_protests" title="2007 Venezuelan referendum protests">Referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Venezuelan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election">2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boliburgues%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Boliburguesía">Boliburguesía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Circles" title="Bolivarian Circles">Bolivarian Circles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_missions" title="Bolivarian missions">Bolivarian missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colectivo_(Venezuela)" title="Colectivo (Venezuela)">Colectivos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_administration" title="Economic policy of the Hugo Chávez administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Bol%C3%ADvar_2000" title="Plan Bolívar 2000">Plan Bolívar 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_communal_councils" title="Venezuelan communal councils">Venezuelan communal councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez government">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocaribe" title="Petrocaribe">Petrocaribe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%B3_Presidente" title="Aló Presidente">Aló Presidente</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_propaganda" title="Bolivarian propaganda">Bolivarian propaganda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chavismo:_The_Plague_of_the_21st_Century" title="Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century">Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_ocaso_del_socialismo_m%C3%A1gico" title="El ocaso del socialismo mágico">El ocaso del socialismo mágico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pueblo_soy_yo" title="El pueblo soy yo">El pueblo soy yo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Hugo Chávez's cult of personality">Hugo Chávez's cult of personality</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mi_amigo_Hugo" title="Mi amigo Hugo">Mi amigo Hugo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%BFPor_qu%C3%A9_no_te_callas%3F" title="¿Por qué no te callas?">¿Por qué no te callas?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Public image of Hugo Chávez">Public image of Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C2%BF%C2%A1Revoluci%C3%B3n!%3F" title="¿¡Revolución!?">¿¡Revolución!?</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleSUR" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleSUR">teleSUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_and_the_Scorpion" title="The Silence and the Scorpion">The Silence and the Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelanalysis" title="Venezuelanalysis">Venezuelanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_Information_Office" title="Venezuela Information Office">Venezuela Information Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caldera" title="Rafael Caldera">← Rafael Caldera</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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title="XHTVM-TDT">ADN40</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATV%2B" class="extiw" title="es:ATV+">ATV+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_5_Noticias" title="Canal 5 Noticias">C5N</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9N" class="extiw" title="es:C9N">C9N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_26_(Argentina)" title="Canal 26 (Argentina)">Canal 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B3nica_TV" title="Crónica TV">Crónica TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Noticias" title="Cable Noticias">Cable Noticias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_i" title="Canal i">Canal i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_N" title="Canal N">Canal N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN%2B_(Spanish_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN+ (Spanish TV network)">CNN+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Chile" title="CNN Chile">CNN Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOROtv" class="mw-redirect" title="FOROtv">FOROtv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globovisi%C3%B3n" title="Globovisión">Globovisión</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n_%2B" class="extiw" title="es:La Nación +">LN+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noticias_Telemundo" title="Noticias Telemundo">Telemundo Al Dia</a> <small>(streaming only)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noticias_Univision" title="Noticias Univision">Noticias Univision 24/7</a> <small>(streaming only)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTN24" title="NTN24">NTN24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TN_(TV_channel)" title="TN (TV channel)">TN</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Horas_(canal_de_televisi%C3%B3n_de_Chile)" class="extiw" title="es:24 Horas (canal de televisión de Chile)">TVN-24 Horas</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Per%C3%BA_Noticias_(canal_de_televisi%C3%B3n)" class="extiw" title="es:TV Perú Noticias (canal de televisión)">TV Perú Noticias</a></li></ul> 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