CINXE.COM

The Open Science Journal | GigaScience | Oxford Academic

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <!-- charset must appear in the first 1024 bytes of the document --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>The Open Science Journal | GigaScience | Oxford Academic</title> <script type='text/javascript' defer src='//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js' data-trendmdconfig='{"element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}' class='optanon-category-C0002'></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/js/jquery.3.7.1.min.js" type="text/javascript">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/vendor/v-638654880267142888/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=643701de45aa460012e1032e&amp;product=sop' async='async' class='optanon-category-C0004'></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=10" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <!-- Turn off telephone number detection. --> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <!-- Bookmark Icons --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241847311/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242047735/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241997236/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242697268/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#001C54"> <link rel="icon" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242147229/favicon.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879242447968/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638654879241847311/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#002f65"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/fonts/icons.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-638669719594245124/site.min.css" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:300,400,400italic,700,700italic|Source+Sans+Pro:400,400italic,700,700italic" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/CSS/journals/v-638676923392625235/global.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/gigascience/v-637674036857971787/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script> var dataLayer = [{"event_type":"other","supplier_tag":"SC_Academic","object_type":"Secondary_Page","siteid":"gigascience","authzrequired":"false"}]; </script> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-W6DD7HV'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: 0, isIndividualLoggedIn: 0 }; App.CurrentSubdomain = 'gigascience'; App.SiteURL = 'academic.oup.com/gigascience'; </script> <meta name="cms-page-type" content="Standard Secondary Page"> <meta name="description" content="Beyond Open Access: GigaScience is Your Open Science Solution GigaScience is GigaScience Press’ and OUP’s flagship Open Science journal, leading the way in mov"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/about" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Open Science Journal"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Oxford Academic"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:description" content="Beyond Open Access: GigaScience is Your Open Science Solution GigaScience is GigaScience Press’ and OUP’s flagship Open Science journal, leading the way in mov"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/about"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@OUPAcademic"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Open Science Journal"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Beyond Open Access: GigaScience is Your Open Science Solution GigaScience is GigaScience Press’ and OUP’s flagship Open Science journal, leading the way in mov"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OUPAcademic"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://academic.oup.com/data/sitebuilderassetsoriginals/live/images/gigascience/gigascience_ogimage.png" > <meta property="og:image:alt" content="site image" > <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; SCM.pubGradeAdsEnabled = false; </script> <script async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type='text/javascript'> var gptAdSlots = []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mapping_ad1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad1"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/gigascience_InFront_Ad1', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [320, 50]], 'adBlockHeader') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad2 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250], [300, 600], [160, 600]]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad2"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/gigascience_InFront_Ad2', [[300, 250], [160, 600], [300, 600]], 'adBlockMainBodyTop') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad2) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad3 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([768, 0], [[300, 250], [300, 600], [160, 600]]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad3"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/gigascience_InFront_Ad3', [[300, 250], [160, 600], [300, 600]], 'adBlockMainBodyBottom') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad4 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0,0], [320, 50]) .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad4"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/gigascience_InFront_Ad4', [728, 90], 'adBlockFooter') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad4) .addService(googletag.pubads()); var mapping_ad6 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([1024, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90]]) .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90]) .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .build(); gptAdSlots["ad6"] = googletag.defineSlot('/116097782/gigascience_InFront_Ad6', [[728, 90], [970, 90]], 'adBlockStickyFooter') .defineSizeMapping(mapping_ad6) .addService(googletag.pubads()); gptAdSlots["adInterstitial"] = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/116097782/gigascience_Interstitial_Ad', googletag.enums.OutOfPageFormat.INTERSTITIAL) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (event) { if (!event.isEmpty) { $('.js-' + event.slot.getSlotElementId()).each(function () { if ($(this).find('iframe').length) { $(this).removeClass('hide'); } }); } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function (event) { if (!event.isEmpty) { $('.js-' + event.slot.getSlotElementId()).each(function () { var $adblockDiv = $(this).find('.js-adblock'); var $adText = $(this).find('.js-adblock-advertisement-text'); if ($adblockDiv && $adblockDiv.is(':visible') && $adblockDiv.find('*').length > 1) { $adText.removeClass('hide'); App.CenterAdBlock.Init($adblockDiv, $adText); } else { $adText.addClass('hide'); } //Initialize logic for Sticky Footer Ad var $stickyFooterDiv = $(this).parents('.js-sticky-footer-ad'); if ($stickyFooterDiv && $stickyFooterDiv.is(':visible') && $stickyFooterDiv.find('*').length > 1) { App.StickyFooterAd.Init(); } }); } }); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("jnlspage", "pages"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("jnlsurl", "gigascience/pages/About"); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <input type="hidden" class="hfInterstitial" data-interstitiallinks="gigascience/issue,gigascience/advance-articles,gigascience/advance-article,gigascience/supplements,gigascience/article,gigascience/article-abstract,gigascience/pages" data-subdomain="gigascience" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var NTPT_PGEXTRA= 'event_type=other&supplier_tag=SC_Academic&object_type=Secondary_Page&siteid=gigascience&authzrequired=false'; </script> </head> <body data-sitename="gigascience" class="off-canvas pg_SelfServePage pg_selfservepage ccms " theme-gigascience data-sitestyletemplate="Journal" > <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W6DD7HV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <a href="#skipNav" class="skipnav">Skip to Main Content</a> <input id="hdnSiteID" name="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="5589" /><input id="hdnAdDelaySeconds" name="hdnAdDelaySeconds" type="hidden" value="5000" /><input id="hdnAdConfigurationTop" name="hdnAdConfigurationTop" type="hidden" value="default" /><input id="hdnAdConfigurationRightRail" name="hdnAdConfigurationRightRail" type="hidden" value="sticky" /> <div class="master-container js-master-container"> <section class="master-header row js-master-header vt-site-page-header"> <div class="widget widget-SitePageHeader widget-instance-SitePageHeader"> <div class="ad-banner js-ad-banner-header"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-HeaderAd"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap adblock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockHeader-wrap js-adBlockHeader hide"> <div id="adBlockHeader" class="js-adblock at-adblock" data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockHeader'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text at-adblock js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="oup-header sigma "> <div class="center-inner-row"> <div class="oup-header-logo"> <a href="/"> <img src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/umbrella/oxford-academic-logo.svg" alt="Oxford Academic" class="oup-header-image at-oup-header-image " /> </a> </div> <div class="widget widget-CustomNavLinks widget-instance-CustomNavLinksDeskTop"> <div class="custom-nav-links-box"> <div class="custom-nav-link"> <a href="/journals">Journals</a> </div> <div class="custom-nav-link"> <a href="/books">Books</a> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="oup-header-menu account-menu sigma-account-menu "> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile"> <a href="javascript:;" class="mobile-dropdown-toggle mobile-search-toggle"> <i class="icon-menu_search"><span class="screenreader-text">Search Menu</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile info-icon-menu-item"> <a href="/pages/information" target="_blank" class="at-info-button sigma-info-wrapper" role="button"> <img class="sigma-info-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/i.svg" alt="Information" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile account-icon-menu-item"> <a href="javascript:;" class="account-button js-account-button at-account-button " role="button" data-turnawayparams="journal%3dgigascience"> <img class="sigma-account-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/account.svg" alt="Account" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item mobile"> <a href="javascript:;" class="mobile-dropdown-toggle mobile-nav-toggle"> <i class="icon-menu_hamburger"><span class="screenreader-text">Menu</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item desktop info-icon-menu-item"> <a href="/pages/information" target="_blank" class="at-info-button sigma-info-wrapper" role="button"> <img class="sigma-info-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/i.svg" alt="Information" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item desktop account-icon-menu-item"> <a href="javascript:;" class="account-button js-account-button at-account-button sigma-logo-wrapper" role="button" data-turnawayparams="journal%3dgigascience"> <img class="sigma-account-icon" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/account.svg" alt="Account" /> </a> </li> <li class="oup-header-menu-item desktop account-icon-menu-item"> <div class="widget widget-SeamlessAccess widget-instance-SitePageHeader"> <a href="javascript:;" class="js-shibboleth-action seamless-access-button seamless-button-header button-call-to-action at-institutional-sign-in" rel="nofollow" data-action-type="" data-entity-id=""> <span class="seamless-access-text">Sign in through your institution</span> </a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="login-box-placeholder js-login-box-placeholder hide"> <div class="spinner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-panel-wrap"> <div class="dropdown-panel mobile-search-dropdown"> <div class="mobile-search-inner-wrap"> <div class="navbar-search"> <div class="mobile-microsite-search"> <label for="SitePageHeader-mobile-navbar-search-filter" class="screenreader-text js-mobile-navbar-search-filter-label"> Navbar Search Filter </label> <select class="mobile-navbar-search-filter js-mobile-navbar-search-filter at-navbar-search-filter" id="SitePageHeader-mobile-navbar-search-filter"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="">GigaScience</option> <optgroup class="navbar-search-optgroup" label="Search across Oxford Academic"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="AcademicSubjects/SCI00960">Biological Sciences</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="AcademicSubjects/SCI02254">Data and Information Analysis</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Books">Books</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Journals">Journals</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Umbrella">Oxford Academic</option> </optgroup> </select> <label for="SitePageHeader-mobile-microsite-search-term" class="screenreader-text js-mobile-microsite-search-term-label"> Mobile Enter search term </label> <input class="mobile-search-input mobile-microsite-search-term js-mobile-microsite-search-term at-microsite-search-term" type="text" maxlength="255" placeholder="Search" id="SitePageHeader-mobile-microsite-search-term"> <a href="javascript:;" class="mobile-microsite-search-icon mobile-search-submit icon-menu_search"> <span class="screenreader-text">Search</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-panel mobile-nav-dropdown"> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704261"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/search-results?page=1&amp;f_ContentType=Journal+Article&amp;fl_SiteID=5589&amp;sort=Date+%E2%80%93+Newest+First" class="nav-link"> Articles </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704258"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> More Content <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704262"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/collections" class="nav-link"> Thematic Series </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704263"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/high-impact-research-from-gigascience" class="nav-link"> High-Impact Research Collection </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704259"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Submit <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704264"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Author_Guidelines" class="nav-link"> Author Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704265"> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/giga/default.aspx" class="nav-link"> Submission Site </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704266"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Author_Guidelines" class="nav-link"> Open Access </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704267"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/why-publish-with-gigascience" class="nav-link"> Why Publish with Us? </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704268"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/help/journal_alerts" class="nav-link"> Alerts </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704260"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> About <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704269"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/About" class="nav-link"> About GigaScience </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704270"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Editorial_Board" class="nav-link"> Editorial Board </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704271"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/reviewer_guidelines" class="nav-link"> Reviewer Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704272"> <a href="http://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/editorial_policies_and_reporting_standards" class="nav-link"> Editorial Policies </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704273"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/authorship_guidelines" class="nav-link"> Authorship Guidelines </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-custom"> <a href="/journals" class="nav-link">Journals on Oxford Academic</a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-custom"> <a href="/books" class="nav-link">Books on Oxford Academic</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="journal-header journal-bg"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <a href="/gigascience" class="journal-logo-container"> <img id="logo-GigaScience" class="journal-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/gigascience/gigascience_title310871745.svg" alt="GigaScience" /> </a> <div class="society-logo-block"> <div class="society-block-inner-wrap"> <a href="http://gigasciencepress.com/" target="" class="society-logo-container"> <img id="logo-GigaSciencePress" class="society-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/gigascience/gigascience_h11332785930.svg" alt="GigaScience Press" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navbar"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <nav class="navbar-menu"> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704261"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/search-results?page=1&amp;f_ContentType=Journal+Article&amp;fl_SiteID=5589&amp;sort=Date+%E2%80%93+Newest+First" class="nav-link"> Articles </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704258"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> More Content <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704262"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/collections" class="nav-link"> Thematic Series </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704263"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/high-impact-research-from-gigascience" class="nav-link"> High-Impact Research Collection </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704259"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Submit <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704264"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Author_Guidelines" class="nav-link"> Author Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704265"> <a href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/giga/default.aspx" class="nav-link"> Submission Site </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704266"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Author_Guidelines" class="nav-link"> Open Access </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704267"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/why-publish-with-gigascience" class="nav-link"> Why Publish with Us? </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704268"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/help/journal_alerts" class="nav-link"> Alerts </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-0 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704260"> <a href="javascript:;" class="nav-link js-nav-dropdown at-nav-dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> About <i class="desktop-nav-arrow icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> <i class="mobile-nav-arrow icon-general_arrow-down"></i> <ul class="site-menu site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu"> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704269"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/About" class="nav-link"> About GigaScience </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704270"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Editorial_Board" class="nav-link"> Editorial Board </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704271"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/reviewer_guidelines" class="nav-link"> Reviewer Guidelines </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704272"> <a href="http://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/editorial_policies_and_reporting_standards" class="nav-link"> Editorial Policies </a> </li> <li class="site-menu-item site-menu-lvl-1 at-site-menu-item" id="site-menu-item-1704273"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/authorship_guidelines" class="nav-link"> Authorship Guidelines </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="navbar-search-container js-navbar-search-container"> <a href="javascript:;" class="navbar-search-close js_close-navsearch">Close</a> <div class="navbar-search"> <div class="microsite-search"> <label for="SitePageHeader-navbar-search-filter" class="screenreader-text js-navbar-search-filter-label"> Navbar Search Filter </label> <select class="navbar-search-filter js-navbar-search-filter at-navbar-search-filter" id="SitePageHeader-navbar-search-filter"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="">GigaScience</option> <optgroup class="navbar-search-optgroup" label="Search across Oxford Academic"> <option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="AcademicSubjects/SCI00960">Biological Sciences</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="AcademicSubjects/SCI02254">Data and Information Analysis</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Books">Books</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Journals">Journals</option><option class="navbar-search-filter-option at-navbar-search-filter-option" value="Umbrella">Oxford Academic</option> </optgroup> </select> <label for="SitePageHeader-microsite-search-term" class="screenreader-text js-microsite-search-term-label"> Enter search term </label> <input class="navbar-search-input microsite-search-term js-microsite-search-term at-microsite-search-term" type="text" maxlength="255" placeholder="Search" id="SitePageHeader-microsite-search-term"> <a href="javascript:;" class="microsite-search-icon navbar-search-submit icon-menu_search"> <span class="screenreader-text">Search</span> </a> </div> </div> <input id="hfCurrentBookSearch" name="hfCurrentBookSearch" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="hfCurrentBookScope" name="hfCurrentBookScope" type="hidden" value="CurrentBook" /><input id="hfBookSiteScope" name="hfBookSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Books" /><input id="hfSeriesScope" name="hfSeriesScope" type="hidden" value="taxWithOr" /><input id="hfParentSiteName" name="hfParentSiteName" type="hidden" value="Oxford Academic" /><input id="hfParentSiteUrl" name="hfParentSiteUrl" type="hidden" value="academic.oup.com" /><input id="hfSiteID" name="hfSiteID" type="hidden" value="5589" /><input id="hfParentSiteID" name="hfParentSiteID" type="hidden" value="191" /><input id="hfJournalSiteScope" name="hfJournalSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Journals" /><input id="hfParentSiteScope" name="hfParentSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Parent" /><input id="hfDefaultSearchURL" name="hfDefaultSearchURL" type="hidden" value="search-results?page=1&amp;q=" /><input id="hfIssueSearch" name="hfIssueSearch" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="hfIssueSiteScope" name="hfIssueSiteScope" type="hidden" value="Issue" /><input id="hfUmbrellaScope" name="hfUmbrellaScope" type="hidden" value="Umbrella" /><input id="hfUmbrellaSiteUrl" name="hfUmbrellaSiteUrl" type="hidden" value="academic.oup.com" /><input id="hfUmbrellaSiteId" name="hfUmbrellaSiteId" type="hidden" value="191" /><input id="hfDefaultAdvancedSearchUrl" name="hfDefaultAdvancedSearchUrl" type="hidden" value="advanced-search?page=1&amp;q=" /><input id="hfTaggedCollectionScope" name="hfTaggedCollectionScope" type="hidden" value="" /> <div class="navbar-search-advanced"><a href="/gigascience/advanced-search" class="advanced-search js-advanced-search">Advanced Search</a></div> </div> <div class="navbar-search-collapsed"><a href="javascript:;" class="icon-menu_search js_expand-navsearch"><span class="screenreader-text">Search Menu</span></a></div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="searchScope" id="hfSolrJournalID" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalName" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfSolrMaxAllowSearchChar" value="100" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfJournalShortName" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="hfSearchPlaceholder" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" id="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="hfSearchSiteURL" id="hfSiteURL" value="academic.oup.com/gigascience" /> <input type="hidden" name="RedirectSiteUrl" id="RedirectSiteUrl" value="httpszazjzjacademiczwoupzwcom" /> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var hfSiteUrl = document.getElementById('hfSiteURL'); var siteUrl = hfSiteUrl.value; var subdomainIndex = siteUrl.indexOf('/'); hfSiteUrl.value = location.host + (subdomainIndex >= 0 ? siteUrl.substring(subdomainIndex) : ''); })(); </script> <input id="routename" name="RouteName" type="hidden" value="gigascience" /> </div> </section> <div class="widget widget-SitewideBanner widget-instance-"> </div> <div id="main" class="content-main js-main ui-base"> <section class="master-main row"> <div class="center-inner-row no-overflow"> <div id="skipNav" tabindex="-1"></div> <div class="page-column-wrap"> <div id="cloudCMS" class="secondary-cms"><div id="mainContent" class="secondaryPageMain"><div class="inner"><div class="main"><div class="secondaryContent"> <h1>The Open Science Journal</h1> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=6481b8a5cc05f10013916a95&product=sop' async='async'></script> <script> document.addEventListener("readystatechange" ,function() { const compactButton = document.querySelector("div.st-custom-button"); if(compactButton) { const mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(entries => { if(document.body.classList.contains("st-body-no-scroll")) { compactButton.ariaExpanded = true; } else { compactButton.ariaExpanded = false; } }) mutationObserver.observe(document.body, { attributes: true }); } }) </script> <h2>Beyond Open Access: <em>GigaScience</em> is Your Open Science Solution</h2> <p><em>GigaScience</em> is GigaScience Press’ and OUP’s flagship Open Science journal, leading the way in moving scientific communication beyond Open Access. Our in-house Editorial and Curation teams provide a single unified service to make published research and all of the supporting data, code, and methods open and stably shared. Built upon the principles of open and FAIR data; reproducibility, usability and utility are our key criteria for publication.</p> <h3>Meeting Global Standards and Policies</h3> <p>Showcasing an “integrated publishing” model, <em>GigaScience </em>provides researchers an Open Science solution to meet the new global standards and policies for sharing research outputs. <em>GigaScience</em> publishes life science and biomedical research that use "Big Data" and links these to their accompanying research objects with DOIs and other persistent identifiers (PIDs). Published articles showcase open data, computational workflows and state-of-the-art tools from the increasingly high-throughput fields of biology and biomedicine. &nbsp;Criteria for publication are reproducibility, usability and utility, rather than subjective assessment of “impact”.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Supporting Authors and Promoted Research</h3> <p>Founded in 2012, <em>GigaScience</em> was the first journal to adopt a novel form of publication by developing a large open database (GigaDB.org), which links and publishes all the supporting associated data and other research objects (software, workflows, etc.) to the articles. A team of experienced curators follow the latest best practices to assist researchers in sharing these resources. The journal also integrates a variety of platforms and tools that enable readers to access and interact with the underlying data, protocols, computational workflows, and more. <em>GigaScience</em> was selected as the 2018 Prose Awards Winner for "Innovation in Journal Publishing."</p> <h3>Open Access and Open Data for Open Science</h3> <p>All articles and content (including blogs and peer reviews) published by <em>GigaScience</em> are made freely and permanently accessible online immediately upon publication without subscription charges or registration barriers. All software is published under Open Source Initiative (OSI)-approved open source licences, and supporting data in <a data-link-id="7f55c382-13b9-4171-94b2-a8c0b0aa7451" href="http://gigadb.org/">GigaDB</a> is presented under a public domain <a data-link-id="a239d322-a641-44bf-9db5-84a09d30a6d7" href="https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/">CC0 waiver</a>. Visit our <a data-link-id="ad84832d-ee0b-4f7b-bab2-9945734d2ef6" href="http://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/charges_licensing_and_self_archiving">this&nbsp;page</a>&nbsp;for further information about our open access policies and our article processing charges to support these efforts. To make the research cycle even more transparent, and to improve pre-publication discussion and speed scientific communication, <em>GigaScience</em> strongly encourages submission prior to publication in preprint servers. Our submission system is integrated with <a data-link-id="4717d175-35e5-44e8-83d4-ded9ae009d06" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/">bioRxiv</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;promote submissions hosted in other preprint servers, such as <a data-link-id="9ed54d93-cd20-4259-b04a-0e8976cdb3ad" href="https://arxiv.org/">arXiv</a>, <a data-link-id="07674afb-6564-4edf-baf5-9ac1b2a5c683" href="https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo">SciELO preprints</a>, and the many <a data-link-id="11b768ca-1299-4ac5-ab2f-fba75c271517" href="https://osf.io/preprints/">OSF Preprints</a> servers. Authors should cite preprints in the references of their articles.</p> <h2>Indexing</h2> <p>All articles published in GigaScience are included in:</p> <ul> <li>DOAJ</li> <li>MEDLINE</li> <li>PubMed</li> <li>PubMed Central</li> <li>Science Citation Index Expanded</li> <li>Scopus</li> <li>Google Scholar</li> </ul> <p>We feel that the way Impact Factor (IF) is currently used — as a measure of the quality of work a researcher does (sometimes exclusively)— does not properly promote best practices in science (such as early sharing, time spent training and educating junior researchers, collaborations, and more). We have signed The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (<a data-link-id="5165d175-7649-4f22-8d2a-560a06309005" href="http://www.ascb.org/dora/">DORA</a>) declaration and refuse to use it&nbsp;as a promotional tool. Note: we do recognize that for some researchers, IF is very important for deciding where they can publish: for those individuals, please do an online search to obtain our IF.</p> <h3>Peer-Review Policy</h3> <p>Peer-review is the system used to assess the quality of a manuscript before it is published. Independent researchers in the relevant research area assess submitted manuscripts for originality, validity and significance to help editors determine whether the manuscript should be published in their journal. <em>GigaScience</em> operates an open peer-review system, where the reviewers' names are included on the peer-review reports. In addition, if the article is published, the named reports are published online alongside the article as part of a 'pre-publication history'. We do not have a option for anonymous peer review. <a data-link-id="28da4c99-7107-45b0-8c47-cbb226257fee" href="http://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/reviewer_guidelines">Read more about our open peer-review process in our reviewer guidelines</a>.</p> <h3>Further Information</h3> <p>Our <a data-link-id="c2947b65-cba9-43d8-8348-0f5f50957455" href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/Author_Guidelines">instructions for authors</a> includes information about preparing a manuscript for submission to<em> GigaScience</em>, criteria for publication and the online submission process. Other relevant information about the journal's policies can be found in our <a data-link-id="c9f68e24-75a8-41cf-ba3b-461d209d27e3" href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/editorial_policies_and_reporting_standards">editorial policies and reporting standards</a> page. All articles reporting original research submitted to <em>GigaScience</em> should adhere to our <a data-link-id="54bb4b86-5031-4241-a650-d9210abdbaaf" href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/Minimum_Standards_of_Reporting_Checklist">Minimum Standards of Reporting Checklist</a>. For further information on submitting data through our GigaDB platform see the <a data-link-id="6d08b621-572e-4ac6-838b-439f1e1a7173" href="http://gigadb.org/site/faq">GigaDB FAQ.</a> <a data-link-id="61907e8a-b517-4d76-aabe-f26d385b1848" href="http://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/Editorial_Board">Learn more about our team and Editorial Board</a>.</p> <p>For further questions visit&nbsp;<a data-link-id="eb5b1e1a-e158-4e49-9f62-0c30b1a42f95" href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/pages/contact-us">Contact GigaScience</a>.</p> <script type="text/javascript"> $(".expandableSection").hide(); $(".expandableSectionToggle").click(function() { var y = $(this).attr("trigger-for");$('#' + y).toggle(); }) </script></div></div><div class="right"> <div class="ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlockDynamic widget-instance-SecondaryTemplate_RightRailB0SelfServeTopSidebar"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockMainBodyTop-wrap js-adBlockMainBodyTop hide"> <div id="adBlockMainBodyTop" class="js-adblock" style=" " data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockMainBodyTop'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamicList articleListNewAndPopularTabbed"> <div class="widget widget-ArticleListNewAndPopular widget-instance-SecondaryTemplate_RightRailB0Secondary_RightRail_ArticleNewPopularCombined"> <ul class="articleListNewAndPopularCombinedView"> <li> <h3> <a href="javascript:;" class="articleListNewAndPopular-mode active" data-mode="MostRecent">Latest</a> </h3> </li> <li> <h3> <a href="javascript:;" class="articleListNewAndPopular-mode " data-mode="MostRead">Most Read</a> </h3> </li> <li> <h3> <a href="javascript:;" class="articleListNewAndPopular-mode " data-mode="MostCited">Most Cited</a> </h3> </li> </ul> <section class="articleListNewPopContent articleListNewAndPopular-ContentView-MostRecent hasContent"> <div id="newPopularList-SecondaryTemplate_RightRailB0Secondary_RightRail_ArticleNewPopularCombined" class="fb"> <div class="widget-layout widget-layout--vert "> <div class="widget-columns widget-col-1"> <div class="col"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/gigascience/giae084" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/gigascience/article/doi/10.1093/gigascience/giae084/7908819?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Construction and analysis of telomere-to-telomere genomes for 2 sweet oranges: Longhuihong and Newhall (<em>Citrus sinensis</em>) </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/gigascience/giae085" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/gigascience/article/doi/10.1093/gigascience/giae085/7908818?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> <em>De novo</em> assembly and characterization of a highly degenerated ZW sex chromosome in the fish <em>Megaleporinus macrocephalus</em> </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/gigascience/giae086" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/gigascience/article/doi/10.1093/gigascience/giae086/7908817?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> AltaiR: a C toolkit for alignment-free and temporal analysis of multi-FASTA data </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/gigascience/giae083" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/gigascience/article/doi/10.1093/gigascience/giae083/7887835?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> CAT Bridge: an efficient toolkit for gene–metabolite association mining from multiomics data </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry journalArticleItem at-widget-entry-SCL"> <span class="hfDoi" data-attribute="10.1093/gigascience/giae080" aria-hidden="true"></span> <a class="journal-link" href="/gigascience/article/doi/10.1093/gigascience/giae080/7824699?searchresult=1"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-title"> Protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid binding site prediction via interpretable hierarchical geometric deep learning </div> </a> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-image-synopsis"> <div class="widget-dynamic-journal-synopsis"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </section> <section class="articleListNewPopContent articleListNewAndPopular-ContentView-MostRead hide"> </section> <section class="articleListNewPopContent articleListNewAndPopular-ContentView-MostCited hide"> </section> </div> </div> <div class="ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlockDynamic widget-instance-SecondaryTemplate_RightRailB0SelfServeBottomSidebar"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockMainBodyBottom-wrap js-adBlockMainBodyBottom hide"> <div id="adBlockMainBodyBottom" class="js-adblock js-adblock-lazy-loading" style=" " data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockMainBodyBottom'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement</div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><script src="null"></script></div></div></div><input id="cloud-cms-content-cache-hit" name="cloud-cms-content-cache-hit" type="hidden" value="" /> </div> </div><!-- /.center-inner-row no-overflow --> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-mask"> </div> <section class="footer_wrap vt-site-footer"> <div class="ad-banner-footer sticky-footer-ad js-sticky-footer-ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-StickyFooterAd"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap adblock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockStickyFooter-wrap js-adBlockStickyFooter hide"> <div id="adBlockStickyFooter" class="js-adblock at-adblock" data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockStickyFooter'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text at-adblock js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement</div> <button type="button" class="close-footer-ad js-close-footer-ad"> <span class="screenreader-text">close advertisement</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget widget-SitePageFooter widget-instance-SitePageFooter"> <div class="ad-banner ad-banner-footer"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-FooterAd"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap adblock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockFooter-wrap js-adBlockFooter hide"> <div id="adBlockFooter" class="js-adblock at-adblock js-adblock-lazy-loading" data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockFooter'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text at-adblock js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="journal-footer journal-bg"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <div class="journal-footer-menu"> <ul> <li class="link-1"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/About">About GigaScience</a> </li> <li class="link-2"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Editorial_Board">Editorial Board</a> </li> <li class="link-3"> <a href="/gigascience/pages/Author_Guidelines">Author Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="link-4"> <a href=" https://www.facebook.com/GigaScience">Facebook</a> </li> <li class="link-5"> <a href="https://twitter.com/GigaScience">X (formerly Twitter)</a> </li> </ul><ul><li class="link-1"> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/advertising-and-corporate-services/pages/gigascience-media-kit">Advertising and Corporate Services</a> </li> <li class="link-2"> <a href="http://science-and-mathematics-careernetwork.oxfordjournals.org/">Journals Career Network</a> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.journal-footer-menu --> <div class="journal-footer-affiliations"> <!-- <h3>Affiliations</h3> --> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience" target=""> <img id="footer-logo-GigaScience" class="journal-footer-affiliations-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/gigascience/gigascience_f1310871745.svg" alt="GigaScience" /> </a> </div><!-- /.journal-footer-affiliations --> <div class="journal-footer-colophon"> <ul> <li>Online ISSN 2047-217X</li> <li>Copyright &#169; 2024 BGI</li> </ul> </div><!-- /.journal-footer-colophon --> </div><!-- /.center-inner-row --> </div><!-- /.journal-footer --> </div> <div class="oup-footer"> <div class="center-inner-row"> <div class="widget widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-OupUmbrellaFooterSelfServe"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="GlobalFooter_Links" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="oup-footer-row journal-links"> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic">About Oxford Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic/publish-journals-with-us">Publish journals with us</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic/our-university-press-partners">University press partners</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/what-we-publish">What we publish</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/new-features">New features</a>&nbsp;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/pages/authoring">Authoring</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/open-research/open-access">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/purchasing">Purchasing</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/institutional-account-management">Institutional account management</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/pages/purchasing/rights-and-permissions">Rights and permissions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/pages/get-help-with-access">Get help with access</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/about-oxford-academic/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/media-enquiries">Media enquiries</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer selfservelinks global-footer-external"> <ul> <li><a href="https://global.oup.com/">Oxford University Press</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mynewsdesk.com/uk/oxford-university-press">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://languages.oup.com/">Oxford Languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/">University of Oxford</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="OUP-mission"> <p>Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide</p> <img class="journal-footer-logo" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/svg/umbrella/oup-logo.svg" alt="Oxford University Press" width="150" height="42" /> </div> </div> <div class="oup-footer-row"> <div class="oup-footer-row-links"> <ul> <li>Copyright © 2024 Oxford University Press</li> <li><button id="Change-Preferences" type="button" onclick="window.top.document.dispatchEvent(new Event('changeConsent'))">Cookie settings</button></li> <li><a href="https://global.oup.com/cookiepolicy">Cookie policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://global.oup.com/privacy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/pages/legal-and-policy/legal-notice">Legal notice</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> /* Issue right column fix for tablet/mobile */ @media (max-width: 1200px) { .pg_issue .widget-instance-OUP_Issue { width: 100%; } } .sf-facet-list .sf-facet label, .sf-facet-list .taxonomy-label-wrap label { font-size: 0.9375rem; } .issue-pagination-wrap .pagination-container { float: right; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ss-ui-only"> </div> </section> </div> <div class="widget widget-SiteWideModals widget-instance-SiteWideModals"> <div id="revealModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal> <div id="revealContent"></div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"></i><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></a> </div> <div id="globalModalContainer" class="modal-global-container"> <div id="globalModalContent"> <div class="js-globalModalPlaceholder"></div> </div> <a class="close-modal js-close-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></i></a> </div> <div id="globalModalOverlay" class="modal-overlay js-modal-overlay"></div> <div id="NeedSubscription" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal> <div class="subscription-needed"> <h5>This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only</h5> <p><a href="/sign-in">Sign In</a> or <a href="/my-account/register?siteId=5589&amp;returnUrl=%2fgigascience%2fpages%2fAbout">Create an Account</a></p> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"></i><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></a> </div> <div id="noAccessReveal" class="reveal-modal tiny" data-reveal> <p>This PDF is available to Subscribers Only</p> <a class="hide-for-article-page" id="articleLinkToPurchase" data-reveal><span>View Article Abstract & Purchase Options</span></a> <div class="issue-purchase-modal"> <p>For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.</p> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" href="javascript:;"><i class="icon-general-close"></i><span class="screenreader-text">Close</span></a> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [['|$', '$|'], ['\\(', '\\)']] } }; </script> <script id="MathJax-script" async src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <!-- CookiePro Default Categories --> <!-- When the Cookie Compliance code loads, if cookies for the associated group have consent... it will dynamically change the tag to: script type=text/JavaScript... the code inside the tags will then be recognized and run as normal. --> <script> var NTPT_PGEXTRA = 'event_type=other\u0026supplier_tag=SC_Academic\u0026object_type=Secondary_Page\u0026siteid=gigascience\u0026authzrequired=false'; </script> <!-- Copyright 2001-2010, IBM Corporation All rights reserved. --> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.js" class="optanon-category-C0002"></script> <noscript> <img src="//ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.gif?js=0" height="1" width="1" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" alt="Scholarly IQ" /> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/jsdist/v-638669719712896271/site.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { SCM.ScholarlyiQ.trackSelfServePageEvents(); }); </script> <div class="ad-banner js-ad-riser ad-banner-riser"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlock widget-instance-RiserAd"> </div> </div> <script src="//oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/scm.proxylogging.js"></script> <div class="end-of-page-js"></div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10