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searchaux" style="display:none">American labor organization (1877–1880s)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Chinese must go" redirects here. For the play, see <a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_Must_Go:_A_Farce_in_Four_Acts" title="The Chinese Must Go: A Farce in Four Acts">The Chinese Must Go: A Farce in Four Acts</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid Red; border-bottom:2px solid Red; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Workingmen's Party of California</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kearney" title="Denis Kearney">Denis Kearney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">1877<span class="noprint">; 148 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1877</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">1883<span class="noprint">; 142 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1883</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Chinese racism">Anti-Chinese racism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">"The Chinese must go!"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid Red;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of United States">Politics of United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in United States">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in United States">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Workingmen's Party of California</b> (<b>WPC</b>) was an American labor organization, founded in 1877 and led by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Kearney" title="Denis Kearney">Denis Kearney</a>, J. G. Day, and H. L. Knight.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its famous slogan was "The Chinese must go!"<sup id="cite_ref-LingAustin2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LingAustin2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_history">Organizational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organizational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Kearney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dennis_Kearney.jpg/220px-Dennis_Kearney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dennis_Kearney.jpg/330px-Dennis_Kearney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dennis_Kearney.jpg/440px-Dennis_Kearney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kearney" title="Denis Kearney">Denis Kearney</a>, founder of the Workingmen's Party of California</figcaption></figure> <p>As a result of heavy unemployment from the 1873–1878 national depression, Sand Lot rallies erupted in San Francisco that led to the Party's formation in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-Secrest2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secrest2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/1879_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1879 California gubernatorial election">1879</a>, the party won 11 seats in the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">State Senate</a> and 17 in the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">State Assembly</a>. They also rewrote the state's constitution, denying <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> voting rights in California.<sup id="cite_ref-Pincetl2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pincetl2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important part of the constitution included the formation of a California Railroad Commission that would oversee the activities of the Central and Pacific Railroad companies that were run by Crocker, Huntington, Hopkins and Stanford.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (February 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ref_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party took particular aim against cheap <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> immigrant labor and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_Railroad" title="Central Pacific Railroad">Central Pacific Railroad</a> which employed them.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their goal was to "rid the country of Chinese cheap labor."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kearney's attacks against the Chinese were of a particularly virulent and openly <a href="/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a> nature, and found considerable support among Californians of the time. This sentiment led eventually to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)">Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882</a>. </p><p>By 1883, there were no WPC members left in either the State Senate or the State Assembly. </p><p>Kearney's party should not be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Workingmen%27s_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Workingmen's Party of the United States">Workingmen's Party of the United States</a>, which was mostly based in the Eastern United States. The branches of the Workingmen's Party of the United States that were in California were absorbed into the Workingmen's Party of California after the latter was growing at a rapid rate and had adopted similar language.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members">Members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg/220px-Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg/330px-Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg/440px-Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California_regular_ticket_-_The_Chinese_Must_Go.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>The Chinese must go!</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_officials">City officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: City officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kearney" title="Denis Kearney">Denis Kearney</a>, party president</li> <li>J. G. Day, party vice president</li> <li>H. L. Knight, party secretary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Smith_Kalloch" title="Isaac Smith Kalloch">Isaac Smith Kalloch</a>, Mayor of San Francisco (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Oakland,_California" title="List of mayors of Oakland, California">Washburne R. Andrus</a>, Mayor of Oakland (1878–1880), candidate for Lieutenant Governor (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Toberman" title="James R. Toberman">James R. Toberman</a>, Mayor of Los Angeles (1872–1874, 1878–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jefferson_Hunsaker" title="William Jefferson Hunsaker">William Jefferson Hunsaker</a>, Mayor of San Diego (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Berkeley,_California" title="List of mayors of Berkeley, California">Abel Whitton</a>, President of the Berkeley Board of Trustees (1878–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Godfrey" title="John F. Godfrey">John F. Godfrey</a>, Los Angeles City Attorney (1876–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetano_Apablasa" title="Cayetano Apablasa">Cayetano Apablasa</a>, member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1877–1878), candidate for State Senate (1880)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_officials">State officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: State officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._McKee" title="Samuel B. McKee">Samuel B. McKee</a>, Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court (1880–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stoneman" title="George Stoneman">George Stoneman</a>, Rail Commissioner (1880–1883), Governor of California (1883–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._White" title="William F. White">William F. White</a>, candidate for Governor (1879), Bank Commissioner (1879–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Ayers" class="mw-redirect" title="James J. Ayers">James J. Ayers</a>, candidate for U.S. Representative (1879), State Printer (1883–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_14th_senatorial_district" title="California's 14th senatorial district">John W. Bones</a>, California State Senator (1878–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._West" title="John P. West">John P. West</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Chase" title="Warren Chase">Warren Chase</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_6th_senatorial_district" title="California's 6th senatorial district">William J. Hill</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desty" title="Robert Desty">Robert Desty</a>, California State Senator-elect (1880, not seated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_senatorial_district" title="California's 9th senatorial district">Charles C. Conger</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_senatorial_district" title="California's 11th senatorial district">Thomas Kane</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_senatorial_district" title="California's 11th senatorial district">Thorwald Klaudius Nelson</a>, California State Senator (1880–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_senatorial_district" title="California's 12th senatorial district">Joseph C. Gorman</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kelly_(California_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Kelly (California politician)">Martin Kelly</a>, California State Senator (1880–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_13th_senatorial_district" title="California's 13th senatorial district">John S. Enos</a>, California State Senator (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_27th_senatorial_district" title="California's 27th senatorial district">Pierce H. Ryan</a>, California State Senator (1880–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_24th_senatorial_district" title="California's 24th senatorial district">Charles W. Cross</a>, candidate for California Attorney General (1879), California State Senator (1883–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_20th_senatorial_district" title="California's 20th senatorial district">Thomas J. Pinder</a>, California State Assemblyman (1881–1883), California State Senator (1887–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Braunhart" title="Samuel Braunhart">Samuel Braunhart</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881), California State Senator (1897–1900), Member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors (1900–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_7th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 7th State Assembly district">J. E. Clark</a>, California State Assemblyman (1878–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Anthony" title="Elihu Anthony">Elihu Anthony</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 9th State Assembly district">William W. Cuthbert</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 9th State Assembly district">Stephen J. Garibaldi</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_9th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 9th State Assembly district">William J. Sinon</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881, 1883–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 11th State Assembly district">John J. McCallion</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 11th State Assembly district">Jeremiah J. McCarthy</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 11th State Assembly district">Garrett Pickett</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 12th State Assembly district">John Burns</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 12th State Assembly district">Patrick T. Gaffey</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 12th State Assembly district">Michael Lane</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 12th State Assembly district">John J. McDade</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._B._Maguire" title="A. B. Maguire">A. B. Maguire</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881), Member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_13th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 13th State Assembly district">Stephen Maybell</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_24th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 24th State Assembly district">Jeremiah Levee</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_24th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 24th State Assembly district">Anderson N. Walker</a>, California State Assemblyman (1880–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_11th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 11th State Assembly district">Dennis Geary</a>, California State Assemblyman (1881–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_13th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 13th State Assembly district">Horace J. Jackson</a>, California State Assemblyman (1881–1883)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_officials">Federal officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Glascock" title="John R. Glascock">John R. Glascock</a>, candidate for U.S. Representative (1880), U.S. Representative (1883–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Maguire" title="James G. Maguire">James G. Maguire</a>, California State Assemblyman (1875–1877), Judge of the San Francisco County Superior Court (1882–1888), U.S. Representative (1893–1899)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_members">Other members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Browne" title="Carl Browne">Carl Browne</a>, cartoonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>, economist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Workingmen's Party of California">Workingmen's Party of California</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joincalifornia.com/election/1879-09-03">September 3, 1879 General Election</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joincalifornia.com/election/1880-11-02">November 2, 1880 General Election</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joincalifornia.com/page/11">California's Second Constitutional Convention</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCross" class="citation web cs1">Cross, Ira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instruct.westvalley.edu/kelly/History20_on_campus/Online%20Readings/Cross_Kearney.htm">"Denis Kearney Organizes the Workingmen"</a>. <i>West Valley College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Valley+College&rft.atitle=Denis+Kearney+Organizes+the+Workingmen&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstruct.westvalley.edu%2Fkelly%2FHistory20_on_campus%2FOnline%2520Readings%2FCross_Kearney.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LingAustin2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LingAustin2015_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuping_LingAllan_W._Austin2015" class="citation book cs1">Huping Ling; Allan W. Austin (17 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OvBnBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1346"><i>Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1346–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47644-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47644-3"><bdi>978-1-317-47644-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+American+History+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=1346-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47644-3&rft.au=Huping+Ling&rft.au=Allan+W.+Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOvBnBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Secrest2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Secrest2004_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_B._Secrest2004" class="citation book cs1">William B. Secrest (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VDMXQvhOWJ4C&pg=PA106"><i>California Feuds: Vengeance, Vendettas & Violence on the Old West Coast</i></a>. Quill Driver Books. pp. 106–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884995-42-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884995-42-2"><bdi>978-1-884995-42-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+Feuds%3A+Vengeance%2C+Vendettas+%26+Violence+on+the+Old+West+Coast&rft.pages=106-&rft.pub=Quill+Driver+Books&rft.date=2004-10&rft.isbn=978-1-884995-42-2&rft.au=William+B.+Secrest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVDMXQvhOWJ4C%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pincetl2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pincetl2003_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanie_S._Pincetl2003" class="citation book cs1">Stephanie S. Pincetl (10 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bu7gSKsb0W4C&pg=PA23"><i>Transforming California: A Political History of Land Use and Development</i></a>. JHU Press. pp. 23–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7312-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7312-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-7312-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transforming+California%3A+A+Political+History+of+Land+Use+and+Development&rft.pages=23-&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2003-03-10&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7312-6&rft.au=Stephanie+S.+Pincetl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbu7gSKsb0W4C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/DenisKearneyCalifAnti.htm">"Denis Kearney and the California Anti-Chinese Campaign"</a>. <i>The Chinese Experience</i>. HarpWeek, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chinese+Experience&rft.atitle=Denis+Kearney+and+the+California+Anti-Chinese+Campaign&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimmigrants.harpweek.com%2FChineseAmericans%2F2KeyIssues%2FDenisKearneyCalifAnti.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1983" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Geoffrey (1983). <i>Santa Cruz is in the Heart</i>. Capitola Book Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0932319025" title="Special:BookSources/0932319025"><bdi>0932319025</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santa+Cruz+is+in+the+Heart&rft.pub=Capitola+Book+Company&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0932319025&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5046/">"Appeal from California. The Chinese Invasion. Workingmen's Address"</a>. <i>historymatters.gmu.edu</i>. Indianapolis Times. 28 February 1878<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historymatters.gmu.edu&rft.atitle=Appeal+from+California.+The+Chinese+Invasion.+Workingmen%27s+Address&rft.date=1878-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorymatters.gmu.edu%2Fd%2F5046%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5046/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Our Misery and Despair": Kearney Blasts Chinese Immigration"</a>. <i>History Matters, U.S. Survey Course on The Web</i>. American Social History Productions, Inc., George Mason University & Graduate Center, CUNY<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Matters%2C+U.S.+Survey+Course+on+The+Web&rft.atitle=%22Our+Misery+and+Despair%22%3A+Kearney+Blasts+Chinese+Immigration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorymatters.gmu.edu%2Fd%2F5046%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross1974" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Ira B. (Ira Brown) (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/historyoflabormo00cros"><i>A history of the labor movement in California</i></a>. Internet Archive. Berkeley, University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02646-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02646-9"><bdi>978-0-520-02646-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+labor+movement+in+California&rft.pub=Berkeley%2C+University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02646-9&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Ira+B.+%28Ira+Brown%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoflabormo00cros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkingmen%27s+Party+of+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_and_pamphlets">Books and pamphlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books and pamphlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oac-upstream.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb8g500604/?&brand=oac4">George W. Greene, <i>The Labor agitators, or, The Battle for Bread: The Party of the Future, the Workingmen's Party of California: Is Birth and Organization. Its Leaders and Its Purposes: Corruption in Our Local and State Governments. Venality of the Press.</i> San Francisco: George W. Greene</a>, n.d. [c. 1879].</li> <li>Denis Kearney, <i>The Workingmen's Party of California: An Epitome of Its Rise and Progress.</i> San Francisco: Bacon, 1878.</li> <li>— <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SpeechesOfDennisKearneyLaborChampion1878"><i>Speeches of Dennis Kearney, Labor Champion.</i></a> New York: Jesse Haney & Co., 1878.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009025341"><i>Chinatown Declared a Nuisance!</i></a> San Francisco, 1880.</li> <li>Neil Larry Shumsky, <i>The Evolution of Political Protest and the Workingmen's Party of California.</i> Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles_and_dissertations">Journal articles and dissertations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workingmen%27s_Party_of_California&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Journal articles and dissertations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Frank Michael Fahey, <i>Denis Kearney: A Study in Demagoguery.</i> Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University, 1956.</li> <li>Roger William Hite, <i>The Public Speaking of Denis Kearney, Labor Agitator.</i> M.S. thesis. University of Oregon, 1967.</li> <li>Helen Havens Ingalls, <i>The History of the Workingmen's Party of California.</i> M.A. thesis. University of California, Berkeley, 1919.</li> <li>Charles Herzl Kahn, <i>In-group and Out-group Responses to Radical Party Leadership: A Study of the Workingmen's Party of California.</i> M.A. thesis. University of California, Berkeley, 1951.</li> <li>Carole Carter Mauss, <i>The San Jose Branch of the Workingmen's Party of California, 1878-1880.</i> M.A. thesis, San Jose State University, 1997.</li> <li>Doyce B. Nunis, Jr., "The Demagogue and the Demographer: Correspondence of Denis Kearney and Lord Bryce," <i>Pacific Historical Review,</i> vol. 36, no. 3 (August 1967), pp. 269–288.</li> <li>Mary Gabriel O'Connor, <i>Denis Kearney, Sand-lot Orator: A Chronicle of California.</i> M.A. thesis. Dominican College of San Rafael [CA], 1937.</li> <li>Robert Dean Potter, <i>Denis Kearney: A Reappraisal.</i> M.A. thesis. 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