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for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Valentie-elektron" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Valentie-elektron" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Valentie-elektron" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Valentie-elektron" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Valentie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valentie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Valentie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Valentie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Valentie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Valentie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natrium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natrium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Natrium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natrium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chloor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chloor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Chloor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chloor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andere_elementen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andere_elementen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Andere elementen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andere_elementen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overgangsmetalen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overgangsmetalen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overgangsmetalen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overgangsmetalen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Overgangsmetalen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overgangsmetalen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Valentieband" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valentieband"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Valentieband</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valentieband-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valentie-elektron</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 56 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4" title="إلكترون تكافؤ – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلكترون تكافؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n_de_valencia" title="Electrón de valencia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electrón de valencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Валент электрондар – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Валент электрондар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Валентныя электроны – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валентныя электроны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Валентныя электроны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валентныя электроны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентен електрон – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валентен електрон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="যোজ্যতা ইলেকট্রন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যোজ্যতা ইলেকট্রন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentni_elektron" title="Valentni elektron – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Valentni elektron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3_de_val%C3%A8ncia" title="Electró de valència – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electró de valència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ئێلێکترۆنی ھاوھێزی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێلێکترۆنی ھاوھێزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_elektron" title="Valenční elektron – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valenční elektron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzelektron" title="Valenzelektron – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valenzelektron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ελεύθερο ηλεκτρόνιο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελεύθερο ηλεκτρόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron" title="Valence electron – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Valence electron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentelektrono" title="Valentelektrono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valentelektrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n_de_valencia" title="Electrón de valencia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electrón de valencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentselektron" title="Valentselektron – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valentselektron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balentzia-elektroi" title="Balentzia-elektroi – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balentzia-elektroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="الکترون ظرفیت – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترون ظرفیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenssielektroni" title="Valenssielektroni – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valenssielektroni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectron_de_valence" title="Électron de valence – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électron de valence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C3%BAsleictreon" title="Fiúsleictreon – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fiúsleictreon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אלקטרון ערכיות – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרון ערכיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektwon_valans" title="Elektwon valans – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elektwon valans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegy%C3%A9rt%C3%A9kelektron" title="Vegyértékelektron – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vegyértékelektron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elektron valensi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gildisrafeind" title="Gildisrafeind – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gildisrafeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%A1%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="価電子 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="価電子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80_%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="원자가 전자 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자가 전자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinis_elektronas" title="Valentinis elektronas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valentinis elektronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93rt%C4%ABbas_elektrons" title="Vērtības elektrons – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vērtības elektrons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентен електрон – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Валентен електрон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентын электрон – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Валентын электрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_valens" title="Elektron valens – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elektron valens" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzelektron" title="Valenzelektron – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Valenzelektron" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_walencyjny" title="Elektron walencyjny – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektron walencyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletr%C3%A3o_de_val%C3%AAncia" title="Eletrão de valência – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eletrão de valência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_de_valen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Electron de valență – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electron de valență" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентный электрон – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валентный электрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentni_elektron" title="Valentni elektron – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valentni elektron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron" title="Valence electron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valence electron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_elektr%C3%B3n" title="Valenčný elektrón – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Valenčný elektrón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентни електрон – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валентни електрон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="இணைதிறன் எதிர்மின்னி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைதிறன் எதிர்மின்னி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เวเลนซ์อิเล็กตรอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวเลนซ์อิเล็กตรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C4%9Ferlik_elektron" title="Değerlik elektron – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Değerlik elektron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Валент электроннар – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Валент электроннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентний електрон – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валентний електрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Electron hóa trị – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Electron hóa trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="價電子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="價電子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Valentie-elektronen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Valentie-elektronen.JPG/260px-Valentie-elektronen.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Valentie-elektronen.JPG/390px-Valentie-elektronen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Valentie-elektronen.JPG/520px-Valentie-elektronen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>tabel met covalenties bij valentie-elektronen en hoe dit wordt aangegeven</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>valentie-elektron</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> dat zich in een nog niet helemaal opgevulde <a href="/wiki/Elektronenschil" title="Elektronenschil">elektronenschil</a>, de valentieschil van een <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atoom</a> bevindt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valentie">Valentie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Valentie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Valentie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De valentie-elektronen worden door de al wel volle schillen van de positieve <a href="/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern">atoomkern</a> afgeschermd en ondervinden daardoor minder aantrekkende <a href="/wiki/Kracht" title="Kracht">kracht</a> naar de atoomkern dan alleen van de kernlading. Ze bevinden zich bovendien veel verder van de atoomkern dan de elektronen in de volle schillen. Valentie-elektronen worden daarom gemakkelijk afgestaan. <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_element" title="Chemisch element">Chemische elementen</a> met evenveel valentie-elektronen staan onder elkaar in het <a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem">periodiek systeem</a> en hebben gelijkaardige chemische eigenschappen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natrium">Natrium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Natrium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Natrium"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg/150px-Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg/225px-Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg/300px-Elektronskil_011_Natrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>natriumatoom</figcaption></figure> <p>De eerste <a href="/wiki/Elektronenconfiguratie" title="Elektronenconfiguratie">tien elektronen</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natriumatoom</a> vullen samen de eerste twee <a href="/wiki/Elektronenschil" title="Elektronenschil">schillen</a> volledig op. Het elfde <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> dat nodig is om het atoom neutraal te maken is het valentie-elektron in de derde schil. Het bevindt zich in de volgende baan, ver van de kern. Het negatieve valentie-elektron ondervindt minder aantrekkende kracht naar de atoomkern dan de andere elektronen: de <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading">elektrische lading</a> 11+ van de atoomkern en van de tien andere elektronen samen wordt door tot een 1+ kern gereduceerd. Het valentie-elektron wordt daardoor gemakkelijk afgestaan, natrium komt in de natuur uitsluitend voor als eenwaardig positief ion: het valentie-elektron maakt deel uit van de elektronen rond een ander atoom, chloor bijvoorbeeld. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chloor">Chloor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Chloor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Chloor"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In het chlooratoom doet zich een vergelijkbare situatie voor: de eerste tien elektronen vullen de eerste twee schillen, de overige zeven vormen de derde schil, de valentieschil. Chloor beschikt over zeven valentie-elektronen. De valentieschil kan acht elektronen bevatten en is dan vol, er is dus nog ruimte voor een extra elektron. Er is een verschil met de situatie bij het natriumatoom: er bevinden zich nog steeds tien elektronen in de schillen onder de valentieschil, maar de atoomkern is nu 17+. De elektronen in de valentieschil worden stevig gebonden en een extra elektron kan ook 'profiteren' van de netto 7+ lading <span class="nowrap">(17 - 10)</span> van de chloorkern. Het chlooratoom neemt gemakkelijk een elektron op en komt in de vrije natuur eigenlijk alleen maar als eenwaardig negatief <a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">ion</a>, als Cl<sup>−</sup>, voor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andere_elementen">Andere elementen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andere elementen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andere elementen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Voor de andere elementen in de kolom van het periodiek systeem waarin natrium staat geldt hetzelfde: ze hebben allemaal <span class="nowrap">1 valentie-elektron</span> en staan dat gemakkelijk af.</li> <li>De elementen in de kolom van <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> hebben twee valentie-elektronen, die eveneens gemakkelijk afgestaan worden.</li> <li>Voor de elementen in de kolom van chloor geldt hetzelfde als voor chloor: ze nemen gemakkelijk een extra elektron op in hun valentieschil.</li> <li>Als de valentieschil half bezet is, de kolom van <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a>, is zowel opnemen als afstaan van valentie-elektronen geen echte optie. De valentie-elektronen worden meestal gedeeld in een <a href="/wiki/Covalente_binding" title="Covalente binding">covalente binding</a>.</li> <li>Voor de andere <a href="/wiki/Hoofdgroepelement" title="Hoofdgroepelement">hoofdgroepelementen</a> gelden gelijksoortige argumenten.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overgangsmetalen">Overgangsmetalen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overgangsmetalen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overgangsmetalen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voor de <a href="/wiki/Overgangsmetaal" title="Overgangsmetaal">overgangsmetalen</a> is de situatie ingewikkelder, omdat behalve de buitenste niet helemaal gevulde schil ook de erbinnen gelegen <a href="/wiki/Elektronenconfiguratie" title="Elektronenconfiguratie">(sub)schil</a> niet helemaal vol is. Het aantal valentie-elektronen kan tot <a href="/wiki/18-elektronenregel" title="18-elektronenregel">18 oplopen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valentieband">Valentieband</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Valentieband" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Valentieband"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In vaste stoffen kunnen de elektronenbanen uit de valentieschillen van afzonderlijke atomen met elkaar een gebied vormen waarin de valentie-elektronen zich vrijwel ongehinderd kunnen bewegen. Dit wordt de <a href="/wiki/Halfgeleider_(vastestoffysica)" title="Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica)">valentieband</a> genoemd. Aan elektrische geleiding in p-halfgeleiders doen valentie-elektronen mee. Normaal doen alleen conductie-elektronen van de <a href="/wiki/Halfgeleider_(vastestoffysica)" title="Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica)">geleidingsband</a> mee aan geleiding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notatie">Notatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Notatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Notatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De valentie-elektronen komen in paren voor als het er meer dan vier zijn. Als er zich bijvoorbeeld vijf elektronen in de buitenste schil bevinden vormen twee elektronen samen een <a href="/wiki/Vrij_elektronenpaar" title="Vrij elektronenpaar">vrij elektronenpaar</a>. Er zijn dan nog maar drie van de vijf elektronen vrij om een <a href="/wiki/Covalente_binding" title="Covalente binding">covalente binding</a> aan te gaan, waarin een gemeenschappelijk elektronenpaar gedeeld wordt. </p><p>Niet-gepaarde elektronen worden aangegeven met een punt. Elektronenparen worden getekend als een "|" of "_", afhankelijk van de positie ten opzichte van het elementsymbool. Steeds wordt wel aangegeven dat het element van die kant eigenlijk niet benaderd kan worden, afgesloten is. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&oldid=64088186">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentie-elektron&oldid=64088186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Atoomfysica" title="Categorie:Atoomfysica">Atoomfysica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Chemische_binding" title="Categorie:Chemische binding">Chemische binding</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 2 apr 2023 om 18:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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