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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Newt Gingrich</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 53 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="نيوت جينجريتش – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيوت جينجريتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyut_Qinqri%C3%A7" title="Nyut Qinqriç – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyut Qinqriç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86" title="نوت قینقریچ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوت قینقریچ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Нют Гингрич – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нют Гингрич" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Νιούτ Γκίνγκριτς – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιούτ Γκίνγκριτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86" title="نوت گینگریچ – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوت گینگریچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – farerski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B9%85%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98" title="뉴트 깅리치 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴트 깅리치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF_%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Նյուտ Գինգրիչ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյուտ Գինգրիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A5%27" title="ניוט גינגריץ' – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניוט גינגריץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="ნიუტ გინგრიჩი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუტ გინგრიჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85%C5%ABts_Gingri%C4%8Ds" title="Ņūts Gingričs – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņūts Gingričs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="न्यूट गिंग्रिच – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यूट गिंग्रिच" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="نيوت جينجريتش – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيوت جينجريتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="ニュート・ギングリッチ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュート・ギングリッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyut_Gingrich" title="Nyut Gingrich – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nyut Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82" title="Гингрич, Ньют – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гингрич, Ньют" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Њут Гингрич – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њут Гингрич" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="นิวต์ กิงริช – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวต์ กิงริช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87" title="Ньют Гінгріч – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ньют Гінгріч" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Newt Gingrich" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="纽特·金里奇 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纽特·金里奇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9" title="ניוט גינגריטש – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניוט גינגריטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="紐特·金里奇 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="紐特·金里奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182788#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Newt_Gingrich&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&oldid=74314437" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Newt_Gingrich&id=74314437&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li 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jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Newt_Gingrich" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" hreflang="pl"><span>Wikicytaty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182788" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Newt Gingrich</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg/180px-Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg/271px-Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg/361px-Newt_Gingrich_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2586" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">17 czerwca 1943</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg" title="Harrisburg">Harrisburg</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">58. <a href="/wiki/Spiker_Izby_Reprezentant%C3%B3w_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Spiker Izby Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych">spiker Izby Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">od 4 stycznia 1995</span><br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap">do 3 stycznia 1999</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Przynależność polityczna </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Partia_Republika%C5%84ska_(Stany_Zjednoczone)" title="Partia Republikańska (Stany Zjednoczone)">Partia Republikańska</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Małżonek </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Callista_Gingrich" title="Callista Gingrich">Callista Gingrich</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a> (D) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Dennis Hastert</a> (R) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">16. <a href="/wiki/Izba_Reprezentant%C3%B3w_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Izba Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych">whip mniejszości Izby Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od Marca 1989<br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap">do 3 stycznia 1995</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (R) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bonior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bonior (strona nie istnieje)">David Bonior</a> (D) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Izba_Reprezentant%C3%B3w_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Izba Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych">Kongresmen z 6. okręgu stanu Georgia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">od 3 stycznia 1979</span><br /> <span style="white-space:nowrap">do 3 stycznia 1999</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Flynt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Flynt (strona nie istnieje)">Jack Flynt</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Isakson" title="Johnny Isakson">Johnny Isakson</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="podpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg/130px-Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg/195px-Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg/260px-Newt_Gingrich_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="56" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Newt_Gingrich" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Newt_Gingrich" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Newt Gingrich">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Wikicytaty"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" class="extiw" title="q:Newt Gingrich">Cytaty w Wikicytatach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Newton Leroy Gingrich</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/17_czerwca" title="17 czerwca">17 czerwca</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> w <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg" title="Harrisburg">Harrisburgu</a>) – prominentny <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">amerykański</a> <a href="/wiki/Polityk" title="Polityk">polityk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partia_Republika%C5%84ska_(Stany_Zjednoczone)" title="Partia Republikańska (Stany Zjednoczone)">republikanin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W latach <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>–<a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> zasiadał w <a href="/wiki/Izba_Reprezentant%C3%B3w_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Izba Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych">Izbie Reprezentantów</a>. Od <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> do <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> był zastępcą lidera/rzecznikiem dyscyplinarnym mniejszości (tzw. <i>Whip</i>, czyli w tłumaczeniu „Bicz”). Uważany za jednego z głównych autorów zwycięstwa Republikanów w wyborach do Kongresu w roku <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>, w wyniku których zdobyli większość w Izbie Reprezentantów po okresie dominacji <a href="/wiki/Partia_Demokratyczna_(Stany_Zjednoczone)" title="Partia Demokratyczna (Stany Zjednoczone)">Partii Demokratycznej</a> trwającym od <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a>. Przez następne cztery lata był Spikerem Izby. Z biegiem czasu stał się politykiem kontrowersyjnym, nielubianym nawet we własnej partii. Jego wiodąca rola w próbie <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachmentu</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Billa Clintona</a> jeszcze bardziej obniżyła jego popularność. Po wyborach roku <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>, w których Republikanie stracili kilka mandatów, fala krytyki zmusiła go do rezygnacji i odejścia z Izby. </p><p>Gingrich był przez wielu uważany za jednego z najbardziej wpływowych spikerów w historii Stanów Zjednoczonych, albowiem nie tylko przewodniczył izbie, ale uchodził za czołowego lidera większości w całym <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Kongres Stanów Zjednoczonych">Kongresie</a>, oraz czołową postać partii i zarazem „Republikańskiej Rewolucji”. </p><p>Podczas <a href="/wiki/Prawybory_prezydenckie_Partii_Republika%C5%84skiej_w_2012_roku" title="Prawybory prezydenckie Partii Republikańskiej w 2012 roku">prawyborów prezydenckich Partii Republikańskiej w 2012</a> wpadł na pomysł zakładania kolonii na księżycu, według jego wizji w przyszłości miałby tam powstać stan amerykański<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>W 2016 roku zaangażowany w kampanię wyborczą <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donalda Trumpa</a> i przygotowanie nowej administracji<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Człowiek Roku <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> według magazynu „<a href="/wiki/Time_(tygodnik)" title="Time (tygodnik)">Time</a>”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lewica.pl/?id=25974&tytul=USA:-B%EAdzie-nowy-51.-stan"><i>USA – Będzie nowy 51. stan?</i></a>, lewica.pl, 30.01.2012 [dostęp: 11.11.2016]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/zespol-trumpa-przejmuje-administracje-usa/c1vz7k"><i>Zespół Trumpa przygotowuje przejęcie administracji USA</i></a>, Onet.pl, 11.11.2016 [dostęp: 11.11.2016]</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000225">Biografia</a> w <i>Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</i> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output 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Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Cz%C5%82owiek_roku_tygodnika_Time&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_Roku_tygodnika_%E2%80%9ETime%E2%80%9D" title="Człowiek Roku tygodnika „Time”">Ludzie roku tygodnika „Time”</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Chrysler</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Young" title="Owen Young">Young</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Samuel_Johnson" title="Hugh Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hajle_Syllasje_I" title="Hajle Syllasje I">Hajle Syllasje I</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Simpson</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Czang_Kaj-szek" title="Czang Kaj-szek">Czang</a> i <a href="/wiki/Song_Meiling" title="Song Meiling">Song</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Stalin" title="Józef Stalin">Stalin</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Stalin" title="Józef Stalin">Stalin</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Byrnes" title="James Francis Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Żołnierz Amerykański</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mosaddegh</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_II" title="Elżbieta II">Elżbieta II</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Curtice</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Powstanie_w%C4%99gierskie_1956" title="Powstanie węgierskie 1956">Węgierski Powstaniec</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Chruszczow" title="Nikita Chruszczow">Chruszczow</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Naukowiec" title="Naukowiec">Amerykańscy naukowcy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Townes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">Van Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></li></ul></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Jan_XXIII" title="Jan XXIII">Jan XXIII</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Luther King</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">Westmoreland</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Wy%C5%BC_demograficzny" title="Wyż demograficzny">Generacja Twenty-Five & Under</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Borman</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Lovell" title="James Lovell">Lovell</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">Anders</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">Amerykanie z klasy średniej</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> i <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">Sirica</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Fajsal_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz_Al_Su%E2%80%99ud" title="Fajsal ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Su’ud">Król Fajsal</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">Amerykanki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Hills" title="Carla Hills">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Charline_Jordan" title="Barbara Charline Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Conway" title="Jill Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Brownmiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addie_Wyatt" title="Addie Wyatt">Wyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Byerly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton" title="Carol Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Cheek</a></li></ul></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_as-Sadat" title="Anwar as-Sadat">Sadat</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Chomejni" title="Ruhollah Chomejni">Ajatollah Chomejni</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Wałęsa</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Komputer_osobisty" title="Komputer osobisty">Komputer</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jurij_Andropow" title="Jurij Andropow">Andropow</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Ueberroth</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Aquino</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Gorbaczow" title="Michaił Gorbaczow">Gorbaczow</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia">Zagrożona Ziemia</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Michai%C5%82_Gorbaczow" title="Michaił Gorbaczow">Gorbaczow</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" title="George H.W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner_(przedsi%C4%99biorca)" title="Ted Turner (przedsiębiorca)">Turner</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk">de Klerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasir_Arafat" title="Jasir Arafat">Arafat</a> i <a href="/wiki/Icchak_Rabin" title="Icchak Rabin">Rabin</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pawe%C5%82_II" title="Jan Paweł II">Jan Paweł II</a></li> <li>1995: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gingrich</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">Ho</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Grove</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Starr" title="Kenneth Starr">Starr</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Bezos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Giuliani</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper" title="Cynthia Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Watkins</a> i <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Żołnierz Amerykański</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">W. Bush</a></li> <li>2005: Miłosierni Samarytanie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">B. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" title="Melinda Gates">M. Gates</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006: „Ty”</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Putin" title="Władimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Bernanke</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li> <li>2011: Protestujący człowiek</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_(papie%C5%BC)" title="Franciszek (papież)">Franciszek</a></li> <li>2014: Walczący z <a href="/wiki/Wirus_Ebola" title="Wirus Ebola">Ebolą</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_(ruch)" title="Me Too (ruch)">Osoby, które przerwały milczenie</a></li> <li>2018: Strażnicy <small>(Zamordowani i szykanowani dziennikarze)</small></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Thunberg</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82odymyr_Ze%C5%82enski" title="Wołodymyr Zełenski">Zełenski</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ukrai%C5%84cy" title="Ukraińcy">Duch Ukrainy</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Swift</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000359380864">0000000359380864</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/218092303">218092303</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n85812205">n85812205</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/119450127">119450127</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00649662">00649662</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/124974910">124974910</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/vse2009539883">vse2009539883</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4703915">XX4703915</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p072323183">072323183</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09306418">DA09306418</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL223686A">OL223686A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810579689305606">9810579689305606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2096402174">n96402174</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007528549005171">987007528549005171</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/247688291">247688291</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id=KAC200900685">KAC200900685</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3905541.html">3905541</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Newt-Gingrich">biography/Newt-Gingrich</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/newt-gingrich">newt-gingrich</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Newt_Gingrich">Newt_Gingrich</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Newt_Gingrich">Newt_Gingrich</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&oldid=74314437">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich&oldid=74314437</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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