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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian political economist, historian, public intellectual and political activist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James Laxer</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Robert Laxer<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1993464_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1993464-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1941-12-22</span>)</span>22 December 1941<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 February 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-02-23)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Co-founding <a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">the Waffle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Diane Taylor</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1965; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Krista Maeots</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1969; died 1978)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Sandy Price</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1979)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Laxer" title="Michael Laxer">Michael</a></li><li>Kate</li><li>Emily</li><li>Jonathan</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Edna May Quentin (Quirmbach)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Laxer" title="Robert Laxer">Robert Laxer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Laxer" title="Robert Laxer">Robert Laxer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Grant_(philosopher)" title="George Grant (philosopher)">George Grant</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAzzi1999127Azzi2012223–224_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzzi1999127Azzi2012223–224-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or tradition</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">post-Keynesianism</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonick1987145HowlettNethertonRamesh199942_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonick1987145HowlettNethertonRamesh199942-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interests</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Canadian <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada–US relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Reckoning: The Political Economy of Canada</i> (1986)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Robert Laxer</b> (22 December 1941 – 23 February 2018), also known as <b>Jim Laxer</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_economist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political economist">political economist</a>, historian, <a href="/wiki/Public_intellectual" class="mw-redirect" title="Public intellectual">public intellectual</a>, and political <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activist</a> who served as a professor at <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306MacDonaldGastmann2001292ff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306MacDonaldGastmann2001292ff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neren_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neren-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Best known as co-founder of <a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">the Waffle</a>, on whose behalf he ran for the <a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership of the New Democratic Party in 1971</a>, he was the author of more than two dozen books, mostly on Canadian political economy and history.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laxer was born in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, on 22 December 1941<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaxer20047,_52_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaxer20047,_52-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the son of Edna May Quentin and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Laxer" title="Robert Laxer">Robert Laxer</a>, a psychologist, professor, author, and political <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> and his mother was from a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> family. Her father, Reverend A.P. Quentin, a <a href="/wiki/Protestant_missions_in_China" title="Protestant missions in China">missionary to China</a> for 30 years, had changed the family name from Quirmbach around the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both of Laxer's parents were members of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist Party of Canada</a> and its public face, the <a href="/wiki/Labor-Progressive_Party" title="Labor-Progressive Party">Labor-Progressive Party</a>, with Robert Laxer being a national organizer for the party. The Laxers left the party, along with many other members, following <a href="/wiki/Khrushchev%27s_Secret_Speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Khrushchev's Secret Speech">Khrushchev's Secret Speech</a> revealing <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s crimes, and the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary</a>. James Laxer wrote about his experiences growing up during this period in his memoir <i>Red Diaper Baby: A Boyhood in the Age of McCarthyism</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father came to serve as a significant influence on his political worldview.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullen1983192_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullen1983192-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His paternal grandfather was a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and his maternal grandfather was a minister and <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Christian missionary</a> to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, where Laxer's mother was born.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaxer200454_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaxer200454-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother, Gordon Laxer, became a <a href="/wiki/Political_economist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political economist">political economist</a>, author, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Parkland_Institute" title="Parkland Institute">Parkland Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> (following approval of his thesis <i>French-Canadian Newspapers and Imperial Defence, 1899–1914</i> in 1967) and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> degrees from <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaxer1967_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaxer1967-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an active student journalist both at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_(newspaper)" title="The Varsity (newspaper)">The Varsity</a></i> at the University of Toronto and later at the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Journal" title="The Queen's Journal">Queen's Journal</a></i> and was elected president of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_University_Press" title="Canadian University Press">Canadian University Press</a> in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laxer married three times. He married Diane Taylor in 1965, from whom he was divorced in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_family_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_family-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2018)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He married Krista Maeots in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-neren_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neren-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Laxer" title="Michael Laxer">Michael</a> and Katherine (known as "Kate").<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_family_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_family-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globeobit_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a producer at <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> for <a href="/wiki/This_Country_in_the_Morning" title="This Country in the Morning">This Country in the Morning</a> with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gzowski" title="Peter Gzowski">Peter Gzowski</a>, and then created and was executive producer of CBC Radio's <a href="/wiki/Morningside_(radio_program)" title="Morningside (radio program)"> Morningside</a> program with <a href="/wiki/Don_Harron" title="Don Harron">Don Harron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gzwoski_Remembers_Maeots_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gzwoski_Remembers_Maeots-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She committed suicide by drowning at Niagara Falls in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Drowning_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drowning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laxer and Maeots were <a href="/wiki/Marital_separation" title="Marital separation">separated</a> at the time of her death in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-globeobit_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laxer married Sandra Price in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaxer2003Laxer2004184_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaxer2003Laxer2004184-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children: Emily and Jonathan.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_family_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_family-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globeobit_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969, Laxer, along with his father Robert Laxer, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Watkins" title="Mel Watkins">Mel Watkins</a>, and others, founded <a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">the Waffle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2010182_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2010182-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> group influenced by the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a>, the anti–<a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> movement, and Canadian <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a>, that tried to influence the direction of the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAzzi2012223Pitsula200839–40Watkins2015_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzzi2012223Pitsula200839–40Watkins2015-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laxer was a principal author of their <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_for_an_Independent_Socialist_Canada" title="Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada">Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada</a> in 1969 alongside <a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Ed Broadbent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Caplan" title="Gerald Caplan">Gerald Caplan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAllister1984108_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAllister1984108-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manifesto was debated at the 1969 federal NDP convention and was rejected by the delegates in favour of a more moderate declaration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitsula200840_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitsula200840-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, Laxer ran for the <a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership</a> of the federal NDP and shocked the convention by winning one-third of the vote on the fourth and final ballot against party stalwart <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEricksonLaycock201516Isitt2011187_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEricksonLaycock201516Isitt2011187-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Waffle was ultimately forced out of the NDP and briefly became a political party under the name Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullen1983212_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullen1983212-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laxer and other Wafflers unsuccessfully ran for <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaxer1996162_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaxer1996162-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This electoral failure led to the Waffle's demise,<sup id="cite_ref-Watkins_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watkins-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Laxer concentrated on his work at <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a>, where he was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> for 47 years,<sup id="cite_ref-globeobit_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in broadcasting. </p><p>In 1981, he was hired as director of research for the federal NDP, but left in controversy in 1983 when he published a report critiquing the party's economic policy as being "out of date".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic,_writer,_and_broadcaster"><span id="Academic.2C_writer.2C_and_broadcaster"></span>Academic, writer, and broadcaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic, writer, and broadcaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laxer hosted <i>The Real Story</i>, a nightly half-hour current affairs program on <a href="/wiki/TVOntario" class="mw-redirect" title="TVOntario">TVOntario</a> in the early 1980s. He also variously wrote a column and <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> pieces for the <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i> from the 1980s until shortly before his death, as well as op-ed pieces for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also played "Talleyrand", a mock political insider, on <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Morningside_(radio_program)" title="Morningside (radio program)">Morningside</a></i> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laxer co-wrote and presented the five-part <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Board">National Film Board</a> documentary series <i>Reckoning: The Political Economy of Canada</i> in 1986, which examined Canada's economic and political relationships with the United States<sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Canada's place in the changing global economy.<sup id="cite_ref-york_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-york-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laxer and his co-writer won a <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini Award">Gemini Award</a> in 1988 for Best Writing in an Information/Documentary Program or Series for episode one of <i>Reckoning</i> titled "In Bed with an Elephant".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> refused to air the series due to its critical view of <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> with the United States, which was being negotiated at the time, and it aired instead on <a href="/wiki/TVOntario" class="mw-redirect" title="TVOntario">TVOntario</a> and other educational channels in Canada as well as a number of <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> stations in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic socialist">democratic socialist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laxer believed that Canadian economic nationalism was a progressive force against the United States and <a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2002239_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2002239-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote extensively about the influence of American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a> in the Canadian economy, particularly in the oil and gas industry, and his agitation helped lead to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada">Petro-Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-york_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-york-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Investment_Review_Agency" title="Foreign Investment Review Agency">Foreign Investment Review Agency</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Development Corporation">Canadian Development Corporation</a> in the 1970s is also attributed in part to the work of Laxer, Watkins, and the Waffle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmart2009316_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmart2009316-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s he strongly opposed the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93US_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada–US Free Trade Agreement">Canada–US Free Trade Agreement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarnock1988320_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarnock1988320-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though he still believed that <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreements</a> were capable of being used to the advantage of the political left through the entrenchment of social charters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandel1992224_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandel1992224-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laxer died suddenly and unexpectedly in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> of heart-related problems on 23 February 2018 while in Europe researching a book on Canada's role in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-globeobit_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globeobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-starobit_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1970" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/energypokergamep0000laxe"><i>The Energy Poker Game: The Politics of the Continental Resources Deal</i></a></span>. New Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887700316" title="Special:BookSources/9780887700316"><bdi>9780887700316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Energy+Poker+Game%3A+The+Politics+of+the+Continental+Resources+Deal&rft.pub=New+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780887700316&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenergypokergamep0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1974" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadasenergycri0000laxe"><i>Canada's Energy Crisis</i></a></span>. James Lorimer Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888620873" title="Special:BookSources/9780888620873"><bdi>9780888620873</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Energy+Crisis&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+Limited&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780888620873&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadasenergycri0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer_and_Anne_Martin1976" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer and Anne Martin (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bigtoughexpensiv0000unse"><i>The Big tough expensive job : Imperial Oil and the Canadian economy</i></a>. Press Porcépic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888781222" title="Special:BookSources/9780888781222"><bdi>9780888781222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+tough+expensive+job+%3A+Imperial+Oil+and+the+Canadian+economy&rft.pub=Press+Porc%C3%A9pic&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780888781222&rft.au=James+Laxer+and+Anne+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbigtoughexpensiv0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer_and_Robert_Laxer1977" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer and Robert Laxer (1977). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liberalideaofcan0000laxe"><i>The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada's Survival</i></a></span>. James Lorimer & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0888621248" title="Special:BookSources/0888621248"><bdi>0888621248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liberal+Idea+of+Canada%3A+Pierre+Trudeau+and+the+Question+of+Canada%27s+Survival&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0888621248&rft.au=James+Laxer+and+Robert+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliberalideaofcan0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1981" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadaseconomics0000laxe"><i>Canada's Economic Strategy</i></a></span>. McClelland & Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780771049866" title="Special:BookSources/9780771049866"><bdi>9780771049866</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Economic+Strategy&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780771049866&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadaseconomics0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1983" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oilgasottawaprov0000laxe"><i>Oil and gas : Ottawa, the provinces and the petroleum industry</i></a></span>. James Lorimer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888625410" title="Special:BookSources/9780888625410"><bdi>9780888625410</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oil+and+gas+%3A+Ottawa%2C+the+provinces+and+the+petroleum+industry&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+Ltd&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780888625410&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foilgasottawaprov0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1984" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1984). <i>Rethinking the economy: The Laxer report on Canadian economic problems and policies</i>. NC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/092005336X" title="Special:BookSources/092005336X"><bdi>092005336X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+the+economy%3A+The+Laxer+report+on+Canadian+economic+problems+and+policies&rft.pub=NC+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=092005336X&rft.au=James+Laxer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1986" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leapoffaithfreet0000laxe"><i>Leap of faith: free trade and the future of Canada</i></a></span>. Hurtig. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888302977" title="Special:BookSources/9780888302977"><bdi>9780888302977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leap+of+faith%3A+free+trade+and+the+future+of+Canada&rft.pub=Hurtig&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780888302977&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleapoffaithfreet0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1987" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xCzAAAAIAAJ"><i>Decline of the Super Powers: Winners and Losers in Today's Global Economy</i></a>. Paragon House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557781420" title="Special:BookSources/9781557781420"><bdi>9781557781420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decline+of+the+Super+Powers%3A+Winners+and+Losers+in+Today%27s+Global+Economy&rft.pub=Paragon+House&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9781557781420&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xCzAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1991" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjqwAAAAIAAJ"><i>Inventing Europe: The Rise of a New World Power</i></a>. Lester Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781895555004" title="Special:BookSources/9781895555004"><bdi>9781895555004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+Europe%3A+The+Rise+of+a+New+World+Power&rft.pub=Lester+Pub.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781895555004&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBjqwAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1993" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjqwAAAAIAAJ"><i>False god: how the globalization myth has impoverished Canada</i></a>. Lester Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-895555-09-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-895555-09-7"><bdi>978-1-895555-09-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=False+god%3A+how+the+globalization+myth+has+impoverished+Canada&rft.pub=Lester+Pub.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-895555-09-7&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBjqwAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1996" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g9YLAAAAYAAJ"><i>In search of a new left: Canadian politics after the neoconservative assault</i></a>. Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-85901-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-85901-6"><bdi>978-0-670-85901-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+search+of+a+new+left%3A+Canadian+politics+after+the+neoconservative+assault&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-670-85901-6&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg9YLAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer1998" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undeclaredwarcla0000laxe_t7e1"><i>The undeclared war: class conflict in the age of cyber capitalism</i></a></span>. Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670876600" title="Special:BookSources/9780670876600"><bdi>9780670876600</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+undeclared+war%3A+class+conflict+in+the+age+of+cyber+capitalism&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780670876600&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fundeclaredwarcla0000laxe_t7e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2000" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YmwaAQAAIAAJ"><i>Stalking the elephant: my discovery of America</i></a>. Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670886418" title="Special:BookSources/9780670886418"><bdi>9780670886418</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalking+the+elephant%3A+my+discovery+of+America&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780670886418&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYmwaAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2003" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bordercanadausdi0000laxe"><i>The border: Canada, the U.S. and dispatches from the 49th parallel</i></a></span>. Doubleday Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385659819" title="Special:BookSources/9780385659819"><bdi>9780385659819</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+border%3A+Canada%2C+the+U.S.+and+dispatches+from+the+49th+parallel&rft.pub=Doubleday+Canada&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780385659819&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbordercanadausdi0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2005" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_QfDpJ-ymsC"><i>Red Diaper Baby: A Boyhood in the Age of McCarthyism</i></a>. Douglas & McIntyre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-150-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-150-5"><bdi>978-1-55365-150-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Diaper+Baby%3A+A+Boyhood+in+the+Age+of+McCarthyism&rft.pub=Douglas+%26+McIntyre&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55365-150-5&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_QfDpJ-ymsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2006" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YCPZ8l92heoC"><i>Empire</i></a>. Groundwood Books Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781554980154" title="Special:BookSources/9781554980154"><bdi>9781554980154</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire&rft.pub=Groundwood+Books+Canada&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781554980154&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYCPZ8l92heoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2006" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ij_-LlhmRfAC"><i>The Acadians: In Search of a Homeland</i></a>. Doubleday Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385672894" title="Special:BookSources/9780385672894"><bdi>9780385672894</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acadians%3A+In+Search+of+a+Homeland&rft.pub=Doubleday+Canada&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780385672894&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dij_-LlhmRfAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2008" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6vwVAQAAMAAJ"><i>Mission of Folly: Canada and Afghanistan</i></a>. Between the Lines Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897071-37-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897071-37-3"><bdi>978-1-897071-37-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mission+of+Folly%3A+Canada+and+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Between+the+Lines+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-897071-37-3&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vwVAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2008" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perilsofempiream0000laxe"><i>The Perils of Empire: America and Its Imperial Predecessors</i></a></span>. Viking Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670063611" title="Special:BookSources/9780670063611"><bdi>9780670063611</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Perils+of+Empire%3A+America+and+Its+Imperial+Predecessors&rft.pub=Viking+Canada&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780670063611&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperilsofempiream0000laxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2009" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lmc2QwAACAAJ"><i>Beyond the Bubble: Imagining a New Canadian Economy</i></a>. Between the Lines Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897071-55-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897071-55-7"><bdi>978-1-897071-55-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Bubble%3A+Imagining+a+New+Canadian+Economy&rft.pub=Between+the+Lines+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-897071-55-7&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlmc2QwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2012" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/books/details/James_Laxer_Tecumseh_and_Brock?id=fQb5JI-G9bwC"><i>Tecumseh & Brock The War of 1812</i></a>. House of Anansi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88784-261-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88784-261-0"><bdi>978-0-88784-261-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tecumseh+%26+Brock+The+War+of+1812&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-88784-261-0&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2FJames_Laxer_Tecumseh_and_Brock%3Fid%3DfQb5JI-G9bwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2013" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jacHodhjk4cC&q=%22James%20Laxer%22&pg=PP1"><i>A House Divided: Watching America's Descent into Civil Conflict</i></a>. House of Anansi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781770894242" title="Special:BookSources/9781770894242"><bdi>9781770894242</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+House+Divided%3A+Watching+America%27s+Descent+into+Civil+Conflict&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781770894242&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjacHodhjk4cC%26q%3D%2522James%2520Laxer%2522%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2013" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EERlAgAAQBAJ"><i>Travels Through the Golden State: A California Diary</i></a>. House of Anansi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781770894235" title="Special:BookSources/9781770894235"><bdi>9781770894235</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+Through+the+Golden+State%3A+A+California+Diary&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781770894235&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEERlAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Laxer2017" class="citation book cs1">James Laxer (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uGwSvgAACAAJ"><i>Staking Claims to a Continent: John A. Macdonald, Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, and the Making of North America</i></a>. House of Anansi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781487002312" title="Special:BookSources/9781487002312"><bdi>9781487002312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staking+Claims+to+a+Continent%3A+John+A.+Macdonald%2C+Abraham+Lincoln%2C+Jefferson+Davis%2C+and+the+Making+of+North+America&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781487002312&rft.au=James+Laxer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuGwSvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Dimension" title="Canadian Dimension">Canadian Dimension</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzzi1999127Azzi2012223–224-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAzzi1999127Azzi2012223–224_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAzzi1999">Azzi 1999</a>, p. 127; <a href="#CITEREFAzzi2012">Azzi 2012</a>, pp. 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2002" class="citation news cs1">French, Orland (12 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/lives-of-the-intellectual-saints/article752438/">"Lives of the Intellectual Saints"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. Toronto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Lives+of+the+Intellectual+Saints&rft.date=2002-01-12&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Orland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Flives-of-the-intellectual-saints%2Farticle752438%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonick1987145HowlettNethertonRamesh199942-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonick1987145HowlettNethertonRamesh199942_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGonick1987">Gonick 1987</a>, p. 145; <a href="#CITEREFHowlettNethertonRamesh1999">Howlett, Netherton & Ramesh 1999</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1993464-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1993464_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1993">Miller 1993</a>, p. 464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306MacDonaldGastmann2001292ff-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306MacDonaldGastmann2001292ff_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 306; <a href="#CITEREFMacDonaldGastmann2001">MacDonald & Gastmann 2001</a>, pp. 292ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neren-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neren_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neren_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNerenberg2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Nerenberg" title="Karl Nerenberg">Nerenberg, Karl</a> (26 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rabble.ca/news/2018/02/james-laxer-and-movement-he-helped-create">"James Laxer and the Movement He Helped Create"</a>. <i>Rabble.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rabble.ca&rft.atitle=James+Laxer+and+the+Movement+He+Helped+Create&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft.aulast=Nerenberg&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frabble.ca%2Fnews%2F2018%2F02%2Fjames-laxer-and-movement-he-helped-create&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://site.houseofanansi.com/event/tpl-eh-list-james-laxer/">"TPL Eh List: James Laxer"</a>. Toronto: House of Anansi Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TPL+Eh+List%3A+James+Laxer&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsite.houseofanansi.com%2Fevent%2Ftpl-eh-list-james-laxer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaxer20047,_52-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaxer20047,_52_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaxer2004">Laxer 2004</a>, pp. 7, 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFulford2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulford_(journalist)" title="Robert Fulford (journalist)">Fulford, Robert</a> (11 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertfulford.com/2004-09-11-laxer.html">"A Rare Glimpse at Canadian Stalinism"</a>. <i>National Post</i>. Toronto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=A+Rare+Glimpse+at+Canadian+Stalinism&rft.date=2004-09-11&rft.aulast=Fulford&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertfulford.com%2F2004-09-11-laxer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2023" class="citation news cs1">Mills, Rych (17 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.therecord.com/life/waterloo-region/flash-from-the-past-local-missionary-author-and-artist-combine-talents/article_98e4255e-baa9-5c89-9616-5ff690e1f515.html">"Flash From the Past: Local missionary / author and artist combine talents"</a>. <i>Waterloo Region Record</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.archivesfa.library.yorku.ca&rft.atitle=James+Laxer+fonds+Inventory+%23166&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivesfa.library.yorku.ca%2Ffilelist%2F2003-009.166.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991306_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-york-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-york_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-york_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archivesfa.library.yorku.ca/fonds/ON00370-f0000166.htm">"Inventory of the James Laxer Fonds"</a>. <i>Clara Thomas Archives</i>. Toronto: York University. 2013 [2002]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clara+Thomas+Archives&rft.atitle=Inventory+of+the+James+Laxer+Fonds&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchivesfa.library.yorku.ca%2Ffonds%2FON00370-f0000166.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinemacanada.athabascau.ca/index.php/cinema/article/download/4267/4301&ved=2ahUKEwioucv8hcjZAhVB4WMKHa7FAAUQFjARegQIABAB&usg=AOvVaw2_beB7nAEf42GoNr6nFT4g">"Gemini Awards: The Winners"</a>. <i>Cinema Canada</i>. January 1989<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinema+Canada&rft.atitle=Gemini+Awards%3A+The+Winners&rft.date=1989-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinemacanada.athabascau.ca%2Findex.php%2Fcinema%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F4267%2F4301%26ved%3D2ahUKEwioucv8hcjZAhVB4WMKHa7FAAUQFjARegQIABAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw2_beB7nAEf42GoNr6nFT4g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.yorku.ca/experts/?name_or_keyword=Laxer&research_area=&submit=Search+the+Guide&search=Y">"James Laxer"</a>. <i>York University Experts Guide</i>. Toronto: York University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=York+University+Experts+Guide&rft.atitle=James+Laxer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.yorku.ca%2Fexperts%2F%3Fname_or_keyword%3DLaxer%26research_area%3D%26submit%3DSearch%2Bthe%2BGuide%26search%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays2009" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hays" title="Matthew Hays">Hays, Matthew</a> (12 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewalrus.ca/2009-03-film/">"To NFB or Not to NFB"</a>. <i>The Walrus</i>. Toronto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Walrus&rft.atitle=To+NFB+or+Not+to+NFB&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewalrus.ca%2F2009-03-film%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2002239-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2002239_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgess2002">Burgess 2002</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ndpsocialists.ca/remembering-jim-laxer/">"Remembering Jim Laxer"</a>. NDP Socialist Caucus. 26 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Jim+Laxer&rft.pub=NDP+Socialist+Caucus&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fndpsocialists.ca%2Fremembering-jim-laxer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmart2009316-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmart2009316_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmart2009">Smart 2009</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarnock1988320-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarnock1988320_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarnock1988">Warnock 1988</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandel1992224-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandel1992224_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMandel1992">Mandel 1992</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Laxer" title="Michael Laxer">Laxer, Michael</a> (23 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theleftchapter.blogspot.ca/2018/02/in-memoriam-james-laxer-1941-2018.html">"In Memoriam: James Laxer, 1941–2018"</a>. <i>The Left Chapter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left+Chapter&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+James+Laxer%2C+1941%E2%80%932018&rft.date=2018-02-23&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheleftchapter.blogspot.ca%2F2018%2F02%2Fin-memoriam-james-laxer-1941-2018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzzi1999" class="citation book cs1">Azzi, Stephen (1999). <i>Walter Gordon and the Rise of Canadian Nationalism</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1840-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1840-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-1840-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Gordon+and+the+Rise+of+Canadian+Nationalism&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-1840-7&rft.aulast=Azzi&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzzi2012" class="citation book cs1"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span>  (2012). "The Nationalist Moment in English Canada". In Campbell, Lara; <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="Dominique Clément">Clément, Dominique</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Kealey" title="Gregory Kealey">Kealey, Gregory S.</a> (eds.). <i>Debating Dissent: Canada and the Sixties</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 213–228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-1078-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-1078-1"><bdi>978-1-4426-1078-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nationalist+Moment+in+English+Canada&rft.btitle=Debating+Dissent%3A+Canada+and+the+Sixties&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=213-228&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-1078-1&rft.aulast=Azzi&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullen1983" class="citation journal cs1">Bullen, John (1983). "The Ontario Waffle and the Struggle for an Independent Socialist Canada: Conflict within the NDP". <i>Canadian Historical Review</i>. <b>64</b> (2): 188–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2FCHR-064-02-04">10.3138/CHR-064-02-04</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-3755">0008-3755</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154732043">154732043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Ontario+Waffle+and+the+Struggle+for+an+Independent+Socialist+Canada%3A+Conflict+within+the+NDP&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=188-215&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154732043%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0008-3755&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2FCHR-064-02-04&rft.aulast=Bullen&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2002" class="citation thesis cs1">Burgess, William (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kpu.ca/sites/default/files/downloads/Canada_s_Location_in_the_World_System__Burgess__2002_10175.pdf"><i>Canada's Location in the World System: Reworking the Debate in Canadian Political Economy</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). Vancouver: University of British Columbia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-612-73136-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-612-73136-3"><bdi>978-0-612-73136-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Canada%27s+Location+in+the+World+System%3A+Reworking+the+Debate+in+Canadian+Political+Economy&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+British+Columbia&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-612-73136-3&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpu.ca%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdownloads%2FCanada_s_Location_in_the_World_System__Burgess__2002_10175.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoughty2005" class="citation journal cs1">Doughty, Howard A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collegequarterly.ca/2005-vol08-num01-winter/reviews/doughty6.html">"Review of <i>Red Diaper Baby: A Boyhood in the Age of McCarthyism</i> by James Laxer"</a>. <i>College Quarterly</i>. <b>8</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Review+of+Red+Diaper+Baby%3A+A+Boyhood+in+the+Age+of+McCarthyism+by+James+Laxer&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Doughty&rft.aufirst=Howard+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollegequarterly.ca%2F2005-vol08-num01-winter%2Freviews%2Fdoughty6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricksonLaycock2015" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Lynda; Laycock, David (2015). "Party History and Electoral Fortunes, 1961–2003". In Laycock, David; Erickson, Lynda (eds.). <i>Reviving Social Democracy: The Near Death and Surprising Rise of the Federal NDP</i>. Vancouver: UBC Press. pp. 13ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2852-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2852-9"><bdi>978-0-7748-2852-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Party+History+and+Electoral+Fortunes%2C+1961%E2%80%932003&rft.btitle=Reviving+Social+Democracy%3A+The+Near+Death+and+Surprising+Rise+of+the+Federal+NDP&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pages=13ff&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-2852-9&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft.au=Laycock%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1991" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Gary (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/innationalintere0000evan"><i>In the National Interest: A Chronicle of the National Film Board of Canada from 1949 to 1989</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto (published 2001). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6833-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6833-0"><bdi>978-0-8020-6833-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+National+Interest%3A+A+Chronicle+of+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada+from+1949+to+1989&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6833-0&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finnationalintere0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2010" class="citation book cs1">Fleming, R. B. (2010). <i>Peter Gzowski: A Biography</i>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-539-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-539-5"><bdi>978-1-77070-539-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+Gzowski%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-77070-539-5&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonick1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Gonick" title="Cy Gonick">Gonick, Cy</a> (1987). <i>The Great Economic Debate: Failed Economics and a Future for Canada</i>. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-701-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-701-8"><bdi>978-0-88862-701-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Economic+Debate%3A+Failed+Economics+and+a+Future+for+Canada&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88862-701-8&rft.aulast=Gonick&rft.aufirst=Cy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowlettNethertonRamesh1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Howlett" title="Michael P. Howlett">Howlett, Michael</a>; Netherton, Alex; Ramesh, M. (1999). <i>The Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction</i> (2nd ed.). Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541348-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541348-9"><bdi>978-0-19-541348-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Canada%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Don+Mills%2C+Ontario&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-541348-9&rft.aulast=Howlett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Netherton%2C+Alex&rft.au=Ramesh%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsitt2011" class="citation book cs1">Isitt, Benjamin (2011). <i>Militant Minority: British Columbia Workers and the Rise of a New Left, 1948–1972</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4194-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4194-5"><bdi>978-1-4426-4194-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Militant+Minority%3A+British+Columbia+Workers+and+the+Rise+of+a+New+Left%2C+1948%E2%80%931972&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-4194-5&rft.aulast=Isitt&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer1967" class="citation thesis cs1">Laxer, James (1967). <i>French-Canadian Newspapers and Imperial Defence, 1899–1914</i> (MA thesis). Kingston, Ontario: Queen's University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/933108264">933108264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=French-Canadian+Newspapers+and+Imperial+Defence%2C+1899%E2%80%931914&rft.degree=MA&rft.inst=Queen%27s+University&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F933108264&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer1996" class="citation book cs1"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span>  (1996). <i>In Search of a New Left: Canadian Politics after the Neoconservative Assault</i>. Toronto: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-85901-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-85901-6"><bdi>978-0-670-85901-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+a+New+Left%3A+Canadian+Politics+after+the+Neoconservative+Assault&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-670-85901-6&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer2003" class="citation book cs1"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span>  (2003). <i>The Border: Canada, the US and Dispatches From the 49th Parallel</i>. Toronto: Anchor Canada (published 2010). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-67290-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-67290-0"><bdi>978-0-385-67290-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Border%3A+Canada%2C+the+US+and+Dispatches+From+the+49th+Parallel&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Anchor+Canada&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-385-67290-0&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer2004" class="citation book cs1"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span>  (2004). <i>Red Diaper Baby: A Boyhood in the Age of McCarthyism</i>. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-073-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-073-7"><bdi>978-1-55365-073-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Diaper+Baby%3A+A+Boyhood+in+the+Age+of+McCarthyism&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=Douglas+%26+McIntyre&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55365-073-7&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxer2012" class="citation book cs1"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span>  (2012). <i>Tecumseh and Brock: The War of 1812</i>. Toronto: House of Anansi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77089-195-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77089-195-1"><bdi>978-1-77089-195-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tecumseh+and+Brock%3A+The+War+of+1812&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=House+of+Anansi+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-77089-195-1&rft.aulast=Laxer&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldGastmann2001" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Scott B.; Gastmann, Albert L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofcreditp00albe_0"><i>A History of Credit and Power in the Western World</i></a>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers (published 2009). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0085-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0085-5"><bdi>978-0-7658-0085-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Credit+and+Power+in+the+Western+World&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0085-5&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Scott+B.&rft.au=Gastmann%2C+Albert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofcreditp00albe_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandel1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mandel_(law_professor)" title="Michael Mandel (law professor)">Mandel, Michael</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/negotiatingwiths0000unse/page/215">"Sovereignty and the New Constitutionalism"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Drache" title="Daniel Drache">Drache, Daniel</a>; Perin, Roberto (eds.). <i>Negotiating with a Sovereign Quebec</i>. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/negotiatingwiths0000unse/page/215">215–229</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-392-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-392-1"><bdi>978-1-55028-392-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sovereignty+and+the+New+Constitutionalism&rft.btitle=Negotiating+with+a+Sovereign+Quebec&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=215-229&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-392-1&rft.aulast=Mandel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnegotiatingwiths0000unse%2Fpage%2F215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister1984" class="citation book cs1">McAllister, James (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governmentofedwa0000mcal"><i>Government of Edward Schreyer: Democratic Socialism in Manitoba</i></a>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0436-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0436-3"><bdi>978-0-7735-0436-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+of+Edward+Schreyer%3A+Democratic+Socialism+in+Manitoba&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0436-3&rft.aulast=McAllister&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernmentofedwa0000mcal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carman_Miller" title="Carman Miller">Miller, Carman</a> (1993). <i>Painting the Map Red: Canada and the South African War, 1899–1902</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0913-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0913-9"><bdi>978-0-7735-0913-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Painting+the+Map+Red%3A+Canada+and+the+South+African+War%2C+1899%E2%80%931902&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0913-9&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Carman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitsula2008" class="citation book cs1">Pitsula, James M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newworlddawnings0000pits"><i>New World Dawning: The Sixties at Regina Campus</i></a>. Canadian Plains Studies. Vol. 56. Regina, Saskatchewan: Canadian Plains Research Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-210-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88977-210-6"><bdi>978-0-88977-210-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0317-6290">0317-6290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+World+Dawning%3A+The+Sixties+at+Regina+Campus&rft.place=Regina%2C+Saskatchewan&rft.series=Canadian+Plains+Studies&rft.pub=Canadian+Plains+Research+Center&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0317-6290&rft.isbn=978-0-88977-210-6&rft.aulast=Pitsula&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewworlddawnings0000pits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmart2009" class="citation book cs1">Smart, Pat (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixtiesincanadat0000unse/page/310">"Queen's University History Department"</a>. In Palaeologu, M. Athena (ed.). <i>The Sixties in Canada: A Turbulent and Creative Decade</i>. Montreal: Black Rose Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixtiesincanadat0000unse/page/310">310–318</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55164-331-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55164-331-1"><bdi>978-1-55164-331-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+University+History+Department&rft.btitle=The+Sixties+in+Canada%3A+A+Turbulent+and+Creative+Decade&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=310-318&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-55164-331-1&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsixtiesincanadat0000unse%2Fpage%2F310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarnock1988" class="citation book cs1">Warnock, John W. (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freetradenewrigh0000warn"><i>Free Trade and the New Right Agenda</i></a></span>. Vancouver: New Star Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-919573-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-919573-79-6"><bdi>978-0-919573-79-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free+Trade+and+the+New+Right+Agenda&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=New+Star+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-919573-79-6&rft.aulast=Warnock&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreetradenewrigh0000warn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Watkins" title="Mel Watkins">Watkins, Mel</a> (2015) [2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/waffle/">"Waffle"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Toronto: Historica Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Waffle&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Historica+Canada&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fwaffle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Laxer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Laxer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jameslaxer.blogspot.ca/">James Laxer blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222010257/http://rabble.ca/taxonomy/term/309">James Laxer</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rabble.ca" title="Rabble.ca">rabble.ca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laps.yorku.ca/2018/02/passings-politics-professor-james-laxer-was-politician-author-commentator/">James Laxer's profile at York University</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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