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elastomer</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: elastomer"> <meta name="keywords" content="elastomer"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="elastomer"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 43</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: elastomer</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Numerical Study on the Static Characteristics of Novel Aerostatic Thrust Bearings Possessing Elastomer Capillary Restrictor and Bearing Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Lo">S. W. Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.-H.%20Lu"> S.-H. Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20H.%20Guo"> Y. H. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20Hsu"> L. C. Hsu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a novel design of aerostatic thrust bearing is proposed and is analyzed numerically. The capillary restrictor and bearing disk are made of elastomer like silicone and PU. The viscoelasticity of elastomer helps the capillary expand for more air flux and at the same time, allows conicity of the bearing surface to form when the air pressure is enhanced. Therefore, the bearing has the better ability of passive compensation. In the present example, as compared with the typical model, the new designs can nearly double the load capability and offer four times static stiffness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerostatic" title="aerostatic">aerostatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title=" bearing"> bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomer" title=" elastomer"> elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20stiffness" title=" static stiffness"> static stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7954/numerical-study-on-the-static-characteristics-of-novel-aerostatic-thrust-bearings-possessing-elastomer-capillary-restrictor-and-bearing-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Soft Exoskeleton Elastomer Pre-Tension Drive Control System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Yatsun">Andrey Yatsun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrei%20Malchikov"> Andrei Malchikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exoskeletons are used to support and compensate for the load on the human musculoskeletal system. Elastomers are an important component of exoskeletons, providing additional support and compensating for the load. The algorithm of the active elastomer tension system provides the required auxiliary force depending on the angle of rotation and the tilt speed of the operator's torso. Feedback for the drive is provided by a force sensor integrated into the attachment of the exoskeleton vest. The use of direct force measurement ensures the required accuracy in all settings of the man-machine system. Non-adjustable elastic elements make it difficult to move without load, tilt forward and walk. A strategy for the organization of the auxiliary forces management system is proposed based on the allocation of 4 operating modes of the human-machine system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20exoskeleton" title="soft exoskeleton">soft exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-tension%20elastomer" title=" pre-tension elastomer"> pre-tension elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-machine%20interaction" title=" human-machine interaction"> human-machine interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183948/soft-exoskeleton-elastomer-pre-tension-drive-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Dielectric, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Elastomer Filled with in situ Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide and Spinel Ferrite NiFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghvendra%20Singh%20Yadav">Raghvendra Singh Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivo%20Kuritka"> Ivo Kuritka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jarmila%20Vilcakova"> Jarmila Vilcakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Urbanek"> Pavel Urbanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Machovsky"> Michal Machovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Skoda"> David Skoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Masar"> Milan Masar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The elastomer nanocomposites were synthesized by solution mixing method with an elastomer as a matrix and in situ thermally reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and spinel ferrite NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles as filler. Spinel ferrite NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by the starch-assisted sol-gel auto-combustion method. The influence of filler on the microstructure, morphology, dielectric, electrical and magnetic properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Nickel Ferrite-Elastomer nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the Dielectric Impedance analyzer, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the fillers were incorporated in elastomer matrix homogeneously. The dielectric constant and dielectric tangent loss of nanocomposites was decreased with the increase of frequency, whereas, the dielectric constant increases with the addition of filler. Further, AC conductivity was increased with the increase of frequency and addition of fillers. Furthermore, the prepared nanocomposites exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – Program NPU I (LO1504). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer-matrix%20composites" title="polymer-matrix composites">polymer-matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles%20as%20filler" title=" nanoparticles as filler"> nanoparticles as filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20property" title=" dielectric property"> dielectric property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20property" title=" magnetic property"> magnetic property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99277/dielectric-electrical-and-magnetic-properties-of-elastomer-filled-with-in-situ-thermally-reduced-graphene-oxide-and-spinel-ferrite-nife2o4-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Modeling and Simulation of Vibratory Behavior of Hybrid Smart Composite Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Aguib">Salah Aguib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Chikh"> Noureddine Chikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmalek%20Khabli"> Abdelmalek Khabli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Nour"> Abdelkader Nour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Djedid"> Toufik Djedid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lallia%20Kobzili"> Lallia Kobzili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the behavior of a hybrid smart sandwich plate with a magnetorheological elastomer core. In order to improve the vibrational behavior of the plate, the pseudo‐fibers formed by the effect of the magnetic field on the elastomer charged by the ferromagnetic particles are oriented at 45° with respect to the direction of the magnetic field at 0°. Ritz's approach is taken to solve the physical problem. In order to verify and compare the results obtained by the Ritz approach, an analysis using the finite element method was carried out. The rheological property of the MRE material at 0° and at 45° are determined experimentally, The studied elastomer is prepared by a mixture of silicone oil, RTV141A polymer, and 30% of iron particles of total mixture, the mixture obtained is mixed for about 15 minutes to obtain an elastomer paste with good homogenization. In order to develop a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), this paste is injected into an aluminum mold and subjected to a magnetic field. In our work, we have chosen an ideal percentage of filling of 30%, to obtain the best characteristics of the MRE. The mechanical characteristics obtained by dynamic mechanical viscoanalyzer (DMA) are used in the two numerical approaches. The natural frequencies and the modal damping of the sandwich plate are calculated and discussed for various magnetic field intensities. The results obtained by the two methods are compared. These off‐axis anisotropic MRE structures could open up new opportunities in various fields of aeronautics, aerospace, mechanical engineering and civil engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20smart%20sandwich%20plate" title="hybrid smart sandwich plate">hybrid smart sandwich plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibratory%20behavior" title=" vibratory behavior"> vibratory behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritz%20approach" title=" Ritz approach"> Ritz approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRE" title=" MRE"> MRE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177269/modeling-and-simulation-of-vibratory-behavior-of-hybrid-smart-composite-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Magnetorheological Silicone Composites Filled with Micro- and Nano-Sized Magnetites with the Addition of Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mas%C5%82owski">M. Masłowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zaborski"> M. Zaborski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetorheological elastomer composites based on micro- and nano-sized Fe3O4 magnetoactive fillers in silicone rubber are reported and studied. To improve the dispersion of applied fillers in polymer matrix, ionic liquids such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride were added during the process of composites preparation. The method of preparation process influenced the specific properties of MREs (isotropy/anisotropy), similarly to ferromagnetic particles content and theirs quantity. Micro and non-sized magnetites were active fillers improving the mechanical properties of elastomers. They also changed magnetic properties and reinforced the magnetorheological effect of composites. Application of ionic liquids as dispersing agents influenced the dispersion of magnetic fillers in the elastomer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy images used to observe magnetorheological elastomer microstructures proved that the dispersion improvement had a significant effect on the composites properties. Moreover, the particles orientation and their arrangement in the elastomer investigated by vibration sample magnetometer showed the correlation between MRE microstructure and their magnetic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetorheological%20elastomers" title="magnetorheological elastomers">magnetorheological elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxides" title=" iron oxides"> iron oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquids" title=" ionic liquids"> ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9033/magnetorheological-silicone-composites-filled-with-micro-and-nano-sized-magnetites-with-the-addition-of-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Study on the Voltage Induced Wrinkling of Elastomer with Different Electrode Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhende%20Hou">Zhende Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoli%20Zhang"> Guoli Zhang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dielectric elastomer is a promising class of Electroactive polymers which can deform in response to an applied electric field. Comparing general smart material, the Dielectric elastomer is more compliance and can achieve higher energy density, which can be for diverse applications such as actuators, artificial muscles, soft robotics, and energy harvesters. The coupling of the Electroactive polymers and the electric field is that the elastomer is sandwiched between two compliant electrodes and when the electrodes are subjected to a voltage, the positive and negative charges on the two electrodes compress the polymer, so that the polymer reduces in thickness and expands in area. However, the pre-stretched dielectric elastomer film not only can achieve large electric-field induced deformation but also is prone to wrinkling, under the interaction of its own strain energy and the applied electric field energy. For a uniaxially pre-stretched dielectric elastomer film, the electrode area is an important parameter to the electric-field induced deformation and may also be a key factor affecting the film wrinkling. To determine and quantify the effect experimentally, VHB 9473 tapes were employed and compliant electrodes with different areas were pant on each of them. The tape was first tensed to a uniaxial stretch of 8. Then a DC voltage was applied to the electrodes and increased gradually until wrinkling occurred in the film. Then, the critical wrinkling voltages of the film with different electrode areas were obtained, and the wrinkle wavelengths were obtained simultaneously for analyzing the wrinkling characteristics. Experimental results indicate when the electrode area is smaller the wrinkling voltage is higher, and with the increases of electrode area, the wrinkling voltage decreases rapidly until a specific area. Beyond that, the wrinkling voltage becomes larger gradually with the increases of the area. While the wrinkle wavelength decreases gradually with the increase of voltage monotonically. That is, the relation between the critical wrinkling voltage and the electrode areas is U-shaped. Analysis believes that the film wrinkling is a kind of local effect, the interaction and the energy transfer between electrode region and non-electrode region have great influence on wrinkling. In the experiment, very thin copper wires are used as the electrode leads that just contact with the electrodes, which can avoid the stiffness of the leads affecting the wrinkling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomers" title="elastomers">elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniaxial%20stretch" title=" uniaxial stretch"> uniaxial stretch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20area" title=" electrode area"> electrode area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wrinkling" title=" wrinkling"> wrinkling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93758/study-on-the-voltage-induced-wrinkling-of-elastomer-with-different-electrode-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Elastomer Composites Containing Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Maciejewska">M. Maciejewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Walkiewicz"> F. Walkiewicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work was to study the activity of several novel benzalkonium and alkylammonium and alkylimidazolium ionic liquids with 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate for use as accelerators in the sulphur vulcanisation of butadiene-styrene elastomer (SBR). The application of novel ionic liquids allowed for the elimination of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide from SBR compounds and for the considerable reduction of the amount of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole present in rubber products, which is favourable because, it is an allergenic agent. Synthesised salts could be used alternatively to standard accelerators in the vulcanisation of SBR, without any detrimental effects on the vulcanisation process, the physical properties or the thermal stability of the obtained vulcanisates. Ionic liquids increased the crosslink density of the vulcanisates and improved their thermal stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquids" title="ionic liquids">ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=styrene-butadiene%20rubber" title=" styrene-butadiene rubber"> styrene-butadiene rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulcanisation" title=" vulcanisation"> vulcanisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16799/elastomer-composites-containing-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Filler Elastomers Abrasion at Steady State: Optimal Use Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djeridi%20Rachid">Djeridi Rachid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ould%20Ouali%20Mohand"> Ould Ouali Mohand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The search of a mechanism for the elastomer abrasive wear study is an open issue. The practice difficulties are complex due to the complexity of deformation mechanism, to the complex mechanism of the material tearing and to the marked interactions between the tribological parameters. In this work, we present an experimental technique to study the elastomers abrasive wear. The interaction 'elastomer/indenter' implicate dependant ant temporary of different tribological parameters. Consequently, the phenomenon that governs this interaction is not easy to explain. An optimal elastomers compounding and an adequate utilization conditions of these materials that define its resistance at the abrasion is discussed. The results are confronted to theoretical models: the weight loss variation in function of blade angle or in function of cycle number is in agreement with rupture models and with the mechanism of fissures propagation during the material tearing in abrasive wear of filler elastomers. The weight loss in function of the sliding velocity shows the existence of a critical velocity that corresponds to the maximal wear. The adding of silica or black carbon influences in a different manner on wear abrasive behavior of filler elastomers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion%20wear" title="abrasion wear">abrasion wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler%20elastomer" title=" filler elastomer"> filler elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperelastic" title=" hyperelastic"> hyperelastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25969/filler-elastomers-abrasion-at-steady-state-optimal-use-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Ultrasonic Studies of Polyurea Elastomer Composites with Inorganic Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Samulionis">V. Samulionis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Banys"> J. Banys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S%C3%A1nchez-Ferrer"> A. Sánchez-Ferrer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inorganic nanoparticles are used for fabrication of various composites based on polymer materials because they exhibit a good homogeneity and solubility of the composite material. Multifunctional materials based on composites of a polymer containing inorganic nanotubes are expected to have a great impact on industrial applications in the future. An emerging family of such composites are polyurea elastomers with inorganic MoS2 nanotubes or MoSI nanowires. Polyurea elastomers are a new kind of materials with higher performance than polyurethanes. The improvement of mechanical, chemical and thermal properties is due to the presence of hydrogen bonds between the urea motives which can be erased at high temperature softening the elastomeric network. Such materials are the combination of amorphous polymers above glass transition and crosslinkers which keep the chains into a single macromolecule. Polyurea exhibits a phase separated structure with rigid urea domains (hard domains) embedded in a matrix of flexible polymer chains (soft domains). The elastic properties of polyurea can be tuned over a broad range by varying the molecular weight of the components, the relative amount of hard and soft domains, and concentration of nanoparticles. Ultrasonic methods as non-destructive techniques can be used for elastomer composites characterization. In this manner, we have studied the temperature dependencies of the longitudinal ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation of these new polyurea elastomers and composites with inorganic nanoparticles. It was shown that in these polyurea elastomers large ultrasonic attenuation peak and corresponding velocity dispersion exists at 10 MHz frequency below room temperature and this behaviour is related to glass transition Tg of the soft segments in the polymer matrix. The relaxation parameters and Tg depend on the segmental molecular weight of the polymer chains between crosslinking points, the nature of the crosslinkers in the network and content of MoS2 nanotubes or MoSI nanowires. The increase of ultrasonic velocity in composites modified by nanoparticles has been observed, showing the reinforcement of the elastomer. In semicrystalline polyurea elastomer matrices, above glass transition, the first order phase transition from quasi-crystalline to the amorphous state has been observed. In this case, the sharp ultrasonic velocity and attenuation anomalies were observed near the transition temperature TC. Ultrasonic attenuation maximum related to glass transition was reduced in quasicrystalline polyureas indicating less influence of soft domains below TC. The first order phase transition in semicrystalline polyurea elastomer samples has large temperature hysteresis (> 10 K). The impact of inorganic MoS2 nanotubes resulted in the decrease of the first order phase transition temperature in semicrystalline composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20nanotubes" title="inorganic nanotubes">inorganic nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurea%20elastomer%20composites" title=" polyurea elastomer composites"> polyurea elastomer composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20velocity" title=" ultrasonic velocity"> ultrasonic velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20attenuation" title=" ultrasonic attenuation "> ultrasonic attenuation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44430/ultrasonic-studies-of-polyurea-elastomer-composites-with-inorganic-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Identification of the Best Blend Composition of Natural Rubber-High Density Polyethylene Blends for Roofing Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20V.%20W.%20H.%20Wickramaarachchi">W. V. W. H. Wickramaarachchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Walpalage"> S. Walpalage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Egodage"> S. M. Egodage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a multifunctional polymeric material which possesses a combination of excellent properties of parent materials. Basically, TPE has a rubber phase and a thermoplastic phase which gives processability as thermoplastics. When the rubber phase is partially or fully crosslinked in the thermoplastic matrix, TPE is called as thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizate (TPV). If the rubber phase is non-crosslinked, it is called as thermoplastic elastomer olefin (TPO). Nowadays TPEs are introduced into the commercial market with different products. However, the application of TPE as a roofing material is limited. Out of the commercially available roofing products from different materials, only single ply roofing membranes and plastic roofing sheets are produced from rubbers and plastics. Natural rubber (NR) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are used in various industrial applications individually with some drawbacks. Therefore, this study was focused to develop both TPO and TPV blends from NR and HDPE at different compositions and then to identify the best blend composition to use as a roofing material. A series of blends by varying NR loading from 10 wt% to 50 wt%, at 10 wt% intervals, were prepared using a twin screw extruder. Dicumyl peroxide was used as a crosslinker for TPV. The standard properties for a roofing material like tensile properties tear strength, hardness, impact strength, water absorption, swell/gel analysis and thermal characteristics of the blends were investigated. Change of tensile strength after exposing to UV radiation was also studied. Tensile strength, hardness, tear strength, melting temperature and gel content of TPVs show higher values compared to TPOs at every loading studied, while water absorption and swelling index show lower values, suggesting TPVs are more suitable than TPOs for roofing applications. Most of the optimum properties were shown at 10/90 (NR/HDPE) composition. However, high impact strength and gel content were shown at 20/80 (NR/HDPE) composition. Impact strength, as being an energy absorbing property, is the most important for a roofing material in order to resist impact loads. Therefore, 20/80 (NR/HDPE) is identified as the best blend composition. UV resistance and other properties required for a roofing material could be achieved by incorporating suitable additives to TPVs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20elastomer" title="thermoplastic elastomer">thermoplastic elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber" title=" natural rubber"> natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20density%20polyethylene" title=" high density polyethylene"> high density polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roofing%20material" title=" roofing material"> roofing material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106178/identification-of-the-best-blend-composition-of-natural-rubber-high-density-polyethylene-blends-for-roofing-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Implication of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Polymer/MXene Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Aakyiir">Mathias Aakyiir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qunhui%20Zheng"> Qunhui Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Araby"> Sherif Araby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Ma"> Jun Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MXene nanosheets stack in polymer matrices, while multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) entangle themselves when used to form composites. These challenges are addressed in this work by forming MXene/MWCNT hybrid nanofillers by electrostatic self-assembly and developing elastomer/MXene/MWCNTs nanocomposites using a latex compounding method. In a 3-phase nanocomposite, MWCNTs serve as bridges between MXene nanosheets, leading to nanocomposites with well-dispersed nanofillers. The high aspect ratio of MWCNTs and the interconnection role of MXene serve as a basis for forming nanocomposites of lower percolation threshold of electrical conductivity from the hybrid fillers compared with the 2-phase composites containing either MXene or MWCNTs only. This study focuses on discussing into detail the interfacial interaction of nanofillers and the elastomer matrix and the outstanding mechanical and functional properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The developed nanocomposites have potential applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomers" title="elastomers">elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-walled%20carbon%20nanotubes" title=" multi-walled carbon nanotubes"> multi-walled carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MXenes" title=" MXenes"> MXenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116767/implication-of-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-on-polymermxene-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Elastomeric Polyester Amide for Tissue Engineering Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20T.%20Essa">Abdulrahman T. Essa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Aied"> Ahmed Aied</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hamid"> Omar Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicity%20R.%20A.%20J.%20Rose"> Felicity R. A. J. Rose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20M.%20Shakesheff"> Kevin M. Shakesheff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodegradable poly(ester amide)s are promising polymers for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering because of their optimized chemical and physical properties. In this study, we developed a biodegradable polyester amide elastomer poly(serinol sebacate) (PSS) composed of crosslinked networks based on serinol and sebacic acid. The synthesized polymers were characterized to evaluate their chemical structures, mechanical properties, degradation behaviors and in vitro cytocompatibility. Analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the structure of the polymer. The PSS exhibit excellent solubility in a variety of solvents such as methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide. More importantly, the mechanical properties of PSS could be tuned by changing the curing conditions. In addition, the 3T3 fibroblast cells cultured on the PSS demonstrated good cell attachment and high viability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable" title="biodegradable">biodegradable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title=" biomaterial"> biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomer" title=" elastomer"> elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28serinol%20sebacate%29" title=" poly(serinol sebacate)"> poly(serinol sebacate)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61270/synthesis-and-characterization-of-biodegradable-elastomeric-polyester-amide-for-tissue-engineering-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Hybrid Conductive Polymer Composites: Effect of Mixed Fillers and Polymer Blends on Pyroresistive Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Asare">Eric Asare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamie%20Evans"> Jamie Evans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Newton"> Mark Newton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emiliano%20Bilotti"> Emiliano Bilotti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-density polyethylene (HDPE) filled with silver coated glass flakes (5µm) was investigated and the effect on PTC by addition of a second filler (100µm silver coated glass flake) or matrix (polypropylene elastomer) to the composite were examined. The addition of the secondary filler promoted the electrical properties of the composite. The bigger flakes acted like a bridge between the small flakes and this helped to enhance the electrical properties. The PTC behaviour of the composite was also improved by the addition of the bigger flakes due to the increase in separation distance between particles caused by the bigger flakes. Addition of small amount of polypropylene elastomer enhanced not only PTC effect but also improved substantially the flexibility of the composite as well as reduces the overall filler content. SEM images showed that the fillers were dispersed in the HDPE phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20temperature%20coefficient" title="positive temperature coefficient">positive temperature coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductive%20polymer%20composite" title=" conductive polymer composite"> conductive polymer composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20density%20polyethylene" title=" high density polyethylene"> high density polyethylene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19229/hybrid-conductive-polymer-composites-effect-of-mixed-fillers-and-polymer-blends-on-pyroresistive-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Magnetorheological Elastomer Composites Obtained by Extrusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mas%C5%82owski">M. Masłowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zaborski"> M. Zaborski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetorheological elastomer composites based on micro- and nano-sized magnetite, gamma iron oxide and carbonyl iron powder in ethylene-octene rubber are reported and studied. The method of preparation process influenced the specific properties of MREs (isotropy/anisotropy). The use of extrusion method instead of traditional preparation processes (two-roll mill, mixer) of composites is presented. Micro and nan-sized magnetites as well as gamma iron oxide and carbonyl iron powder were found to be an active fillers improving the mechanical properties of elastomers. They also changed magnetic properties of composites. Application of extrusion process also influenced the mechanical properties of composites and the dispersion of magnetic fillers. Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) indicates the presence of strongly developed secondary structure in vulcanizates. Scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) show that the dispersion improvement had significant effect on the composites properties. Studies investigated by vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) proved that all composites exhibit good magnetic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion" title="extrusion">extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20fillers" title=" magnetic fillers"> magnetic fillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetorheological%20elastomers" title=" magnetorheological elastomers"> magnetorheological elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31906/magnetorheological-elastomer-composites-obtained-by-extrusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Functionalized Ultra-Soft Rubber for Soft Robotics Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shib%20Shankar%20Banerjeea">Shib Shankar Banerjeea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Ferya"> Andreas Ferya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gert%20Heinricha"> Gert Heinricha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Das"> Amit Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the growing need for the development of soft robots consisting of highly deformable and compliance materials emerge from the serious limitations of conventional service robots. However, one of the main challenges of soft robotics is to develop such compliance materials, which facilitates the design of soft robotic structures and, simultaneously, controls the soft-body systems, like soft artificial muscles. Generally, silicone or acrylic-based elastomer composites are used for soft robotics. However, mechanical performance and long-term reliabilities of the functional parts (sensors, actuators, main body) of the robot made from these composite materials are inferior. This work will present the development and characterization of robust super-soft programmable elastomeric materials from crosslinked natural rubber that can serve as touch and strain sensors for soft robotic arms with very high elastic properties and strain, while the modulus is altered in the kilopascal range. Our results suggest that such soft natural programmable elastomers can be promising materials and can replace conventional silicone-based elastomer for soft robotics applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomers" title="elastomers">elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20materials" title=" soft materials"> soft materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber" title=" natural rubber"> natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120552/functionalized-ultra-soft-rubber-for-soft-robotics-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Pro-Ecological Antioxidants for Polymeric Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masek%20A.">Masek A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaborski%20M."> Zaborski M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our studies, we propose the use of natural, pro-ecological substances such as polyphenols to protect polymers against ageing. In our studies, we plan to focus on the following compounds: polyphenols, gallic acid esters, flavonoides, carotenoids, curcumin and its derivatives, vitamin A, tocochromanoles, betalain. Phyto-compounds will be selected on the basis of available literature and our preliminary studies. So, we will select compounds with various contents of hydroxyl groups and colored substances capable of participating in color oxidation processes. The natural antioxidants which were added to ethylene-octene elastomer (polyolefin elastomer-Engage) and ethylene-nonbornene (TOPAS). Composites were then subjected to numerous ageing: weathering (climat of Floryda), UV (0,7 W/m2), thermo-oxidation ageing (1000C/10days) and thermal-shock (-600C/+1000C) as a function of the aging time. The efficiency of used anti-ageing agents was checked on the base of the changes after the degradation in deformation energy (tensile strength and elongation at the break), cross-link density, color (parameters L,a,b) and values of carbonyl index (based on the spectrum of infra red spectroscopy), OIT (induction oxygen time as performed in using differential scanning calorimeter -DSC) of the vulcanizates. Therefore polyphenols are considered to be the best stabilisers for polymeric composites against to oxidation processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title="polymers">polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing" title=" ageing"> ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16422/pro-ecological-antioxidants-for-polymeric-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Energy Dissipation Characteristics of an Elastomer under Dynamic Condition: A Comprehensive Assessment Using High and Low Frequency Analyser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Anas">K. Anas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Selvakumar"> M. Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20David"> Samson David</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20R.%20Babu"> R. R. Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chattopadhyay"> S. Chattopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamic deformation of a visco elastic material can cause heat generation. This heat generation is aspect energy dissipation. The present work investigates the contribution of various factors like; elastomer structure, cross link type and density, filler networking, reinforcement potential and temperature at energy dissipation mechanism. The influences of these elements are investigated using very high frequency analyzer (VHF ) and dynamical mechanical analysis(DMA).VHF follows transmissibility and vibration isolation principle whereas DMA works on dynamical mechanical deformation principle. VHF analysis of different types of elastomers reveals that elastomer can act as a transmitter or damper of energy depending on the applied frequency ratio (ω/ωn). Dynamic modulus (G') of low damping rubbers like natural rubber does not varies rapidly with frequency but vice-versa for high damping rubber like butyl rubber (IIR). VHF analysis also depicts that polysulfidic linkages has high damping ratio (ζ) than mono sulfidic linkages due to its dissipative nature. At comparable cross link density, mono sulfidic linkages shows higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than poly sulfidic linkages. The intensity and location of loss modulus (G'') peak of different types of carbon black filled natural rubber compounds suggests that segmental relaxation at glass transition temperature (Tg) is seldom affected by filler particles, but the filler networks can influence the cross link density by absorbing the curatives. The filler network breaking and reformation during a dynamic strain is a thermally activated process. Thus, stronger aggregates are highly dissipative in nature. Measurements indicate that at lower temperature regimes polymeric chain friction is highly dissipative in nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title="damping ratio">damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslinking%20density" title=" crosslinking density"> crosslinking density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmental%20motion" title=" segmental motion"> segmental motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20activity" title=" surface activity"> surface activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipative" title=" dissipative"> dissipative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20chain%20friction" title=" polymeric chain friction"> polymeric chain friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38171/energy-dissipation-characteristics-of-an-elastomer-under-dynamic-condition-a-comprehensive-assessment-using-high-and-low-frequency-analyser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> A Robust Stretchable Bio Micro-Electromechanical Systems Technology for High-Strain in vitro Cellular Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiffany%20Baetens">Tiffany Baetens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophie%20Halliez"> Sophie Halliez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luc%20Bu%C3%A9e"> Luc Buée</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emiliano%20Pallecchi"> Emiliano Pallecchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Thomy"> Vincent Thomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Arscott"> Steve Arscott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We demonstrate here a viable stretchable bio-microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) technology for use with biological studies concerned with the effect of high mechanical strains on living cells. An example of this is traumatic brain injury (TBI) where neurons are damaged with physical force to the brain during, e.g., accidents and sports. Robust, miniaturized integrated systems are needed by biologists to be able to study the effect of TBI on neuron cells in vitro. The major challenges in this area are (i) to develop micro, and nanofabrication processes which are based on stretchable substrates and to (ii) create systems which are robust and performant at very high mechanical strain values—sometimes as high as 100%. At the time of writing, such processes and systems were rapidly evolving subject of research and development. The BioMEMS which we present here is composed of an elastomer substrate (low Young’s modulus ~1 MPa) onto which is patterned robust electrodes and insulators. The patterning of the thin films is achieved using standard photolithography techniques directly on the elastomer substrate—thus making the process generic and applicable to many materials’ in based systems. The chosen elastomer used is commercial ‘Sylgard 184’ polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It is spin-coated onto a silicon wafer. Multistep ultra-violet based photolithography involving commercial photoresists are then used to pattern robust thin film metallic electrodes (chromium/gold) and insulating layers (parylene) on the top of the PDMS substrate. The thin film metals are deposited using thermal evaporation and shaped using lift-off techniques The BioMEMS has been characterized mechanically using an in-house strain-applicator tool. The system is composed of 12 electrodes with one reference electrode transversally-orientated to the uniaxial longitudinal straining of the system. The electrical resistance of the electrodes is observed to remain very stable with applied strain—with a resistivity approaching that of evaporated gold—up to an interline strain of ~50%. The mechanical characterization revealed some interesting original properties of such stretchable BioMEMS. For example, a Poisson effect induced electrical ‘self-healing’ of cracking was identified. Biocompatibility of the commercial photoresist has been studied and is conclusive. We will present the results of the BioMEMS, which has also characterized living cells with a commercial Multi Electrode Array (MEA) characterization tool (Multi Channel Systems, USA). The BioMEMS enables the cells to be strained up to 50% and then characterized electrically and optically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BioMEMS" title="BioMEMS">BioMEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomer" title=" elastomer"> elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20impedance%20measurements%20of%20living%20cells" title=" electrical impedance measurements of living cells"> electrical impedance measurements of living cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20mechanical%20strain" title=" high mechanical strain"> high mechanical strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfabrication" title=" microfabrication"> microfabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stretchable%20systems" title=" stretchable systems"> stretchable systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" traumatic brain injury"> traumatic brain injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104986/a-robust-stretchable-bio-micro-electromechanical-systems-technology-for-high-strain-in-vitro-cellular-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Prismatic Bifurcation Study of a Functionally Graded Dielectric Elastomeric Tube Using Linearized Incremental Theory of Deformations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeet%20Patra">Sanjeet Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soham%20Roychowdhury"> Soham Roychowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, functionally graded dielectric elastomer (FGDE) has gained significant attention within the realm of soft actuation due to its dual capacity to exert highly localized stresses while maintaining its compliant characteristics on application of electro-mechanical loading. Nevertheless, the full potential of dielectric elastomer (DE) has not been fully explored due to their susceptibility to instabilities when subjected to electro-mechanical loads. As a result, study and analysis of such instabilities becomes crucial for the design and realization of dielectric actuators. Prismatic bifurcation is a type of instability that has been recognized in a DE tube. Though several studies have reported on the analysis for prismatic bifurcation in an isotropic DE tube, there is an insufficiency in studies related to prismatic bifurcation of FGDE tubes. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the onset of prismatic bifurcations on an incompressible FGDE tube when subjected to electrical loading across the thickness of the tube and internal pressurization. The analysis has been conducted by imposing two axial boundary conditions on the tube, specifically axially free ends and axially clamped ends. Additionally, the rigidity modulus of the tube has been linearly graded in the direction of thickness where the inner surface of the tube has a lower stiffness than the outer surface. The static equilibrium equations for deformation of the axisymmetric tube are derived and solved using numerical technique. The condition for prismatic bifurcation of the axisymmetric static equilibrium solutions has been obtained by using the linearized incremental constitutive equations. Two modes of bifurcations, corresponding to two different non-circular cross-sectional geometries, have been explored in this study. The outcomes reveal that the FGDE tubes experiences prismatic bifurcation before the Hessian criterion of failure is satisfied. It is observed that the lower mode of bifurcation can be triggered at a lower critical voltage as compared to the higher mode of bifurcation. Furthermore, the tubes with larger stiffness gradient require higher critical voltages for triggering the bifurcation. Moreover, with the increase in stiffness gradient, a linear variation of the critical voltage is observed with the thickness of the tube. It has been found that on applying internal pressure to a tube with low thickness, the tube becomes less susceptible to bifurcations. A thicker tube with axially free end is found to be more stable than the axially clamped end tube at higher mode of bifurcation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20voltage" title="critical voltage">critical voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20dielectric%20elastomer" title=" functionally graded dielectric elastomer"> functionally graded dielectric elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearized%20incremental%20approach" title=" linearized incremental approach"> linearized incremental approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rigidity" title=" modulus of rigidity"> modulus of rigidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prismatic%20bifurcation" title=" prismatic bifurcation"> prismatic bifurcation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171834/prismatic-bifurcation-study-of-a-functionally-graded-dielectric-elastomeric-tube-using-linearized-incremental-theory-of-deformations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Esterified Starch (with Lauric Acid) -Plastic Composite Assembled with Pro-Oxidants and Elastomers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20S.%20Sachini%20Amararathne">R. M. S. Sachini Amararathne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is striving to develop a thermo degradable starch plastic compound/ masterbatch for industrial packaging applications. A native corn starch-modified with an esterification reaction of lauric acid is melt blent with an unsaturated elastomer (styrene-butadiene-rubber/styrene-butadiene-styrene). A trace amount of metal salt is added into the internal mixer to study the effect of pro-oxidants in a thermo oxidative environment. Then the granulated polymer composite which is consisted with 80-86% of polyolefin (LLDP/LDPE/PP) as the pivotal agent; is extruded with processing aids, antioxidants and some other additives in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The pelletized composite is subjected to compression molding/ Injection molding or blown film extrusion processes to acquire the samples/specimen for tests. The degradation process is explicated by analyzing the results of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements, thermo oxidative aging studies (placing the dumb-bell specimen in an air oven at 70 °C for four weeks of exposure.) governed by tensile and impact strength test reports. Furthermore, the samples were elicited into manifold outdoors to inspect the degradation process. This industrial process is implemented to reduce the volume of fossil-based garbage by achieving the biodegradability and compostability in the natural cycle. Hence the research leads to manufacturing a degradable plastic packaging compound which is now available in the Sri Lankan market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blown%20film%20extrusion" title="blown film extrusion">blown film extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20moulding" title=" compression moulding"> compression moulding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyolefin" title=" polyolefin"> polyolefin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-oxidant" title=" pro-oxidant"> pro-oxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=styrene-butadine-rubber" title=" styrene-butadine-rubber"> styrene-butadine-rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=styrene-butadiene-styrene" title=" styrene-butadiene-styrene"> styrene-butadiene-styrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo%20oxidative%20aging" title=" thermo oxidative aging"> thermo oxidative aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20elastomer" title=" unsaturated elastomer"> unsaturated elastomer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108781/thermo-oxidative-degradation-of-esterified-starch-with-lauric-acid-plastic-composite-assembled-with-pro-oxidants-and-elastomers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Numerical Model of Low Cost Rubber Isolators for Masonry Housing in High Seismic Regions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20B.%20Habieb">Ahmad B. Habieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriele%20Milani"> Gabriele Milani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tavio%20Tavio"> Tavio Tavio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federico%20Milani"> Federico Milani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housings in developing countries have often inadequate seismic protection, particularly for masonry. People choose this type of structure since the cost and application are relatively cheap. Seismic protection of masonry remains an interesting issue among researchers. In this study, we develop a low-cost seismic isolation system for masonry using fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators. The elastomer proposed consists of few layers of rubber pads and fiber lamina, making it lower in cost comparing to the conventional isolators. We present a finite element (FE) analysis to predict the behavior of the low cost rubber isolators undergoing moderate deformations. The FE model of the elastomer involves a hyperelastic material property for the rubber pad. We adopt a Yeoh hyperelasticity model and estimate its coefficients through the available experimental data. Having the shear behavior of the elastomers, we apply that isolation system onto small masonry housing. To attach the isolators on the building, we model the shear behavior of the isolation system by means of a damped nonlinear spring model. By this attempt, the FE analysis becomes computationally inexpensive. Several ground motion data are applied to observe its sensitivity. Roof acceleration and tensile damage of walls become the parameters to evaluate the performance of the isolators. In this study, a concrete damage plasticity model is used to model masonry in the nonlinear range. This tool is available in the standard package of Abaqus FE software. Finally, the results show that the low-cost isolators proposed are capable of reducing roof acceleration and damage level of masonry housing. Through this study, we are also capable of monitoring the shear deformation of isolators during seismic motion. It is useful to determine whether the isolator is applicable. According to the results, the deformations of isolators on the benchmark one story building are relatively small. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry" title="masonry">masonry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20elastomeric%20isolator" title=" low cost elastomeric isolator"> low cost elastomeric isolator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperelasticity" title=" hyperelasticity"> hyperelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damped%20non-linear%20spring" title=" damped non-linear spring"> damped non-linear spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20damage%20plasticity" title=" concrete damage plasticity"> concrete damage plasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70133/numerical-model-of-low-cost-rubber-isolators-for-masonry-housing-in-high-seismic-regions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Carbon Based Wearable Patch Devices for Real-Time Electrocardiography Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hachul%20Jung">Hachul Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahee%20Kim"> Ahee Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghoon%20Lee"> Sanghoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahye%20Kwon"> Dahye Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Songwoo%20Yoon"> Songwoo Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinhee%20Moon"> Jinhee Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We fabricated a wearable patch device including novel patch type flexible dry electrode based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and silicone-based elastomer (MED 6215) for real-time ECG monitoring. There are many methods to make flexible conductive polymer by mixing metal or carbon-based nanoparticles. In this study, CNFs are selected for conductive nanoparticles because carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are difficult to disperse uniformly in elastomer compare with CNFs and silver nanowires are relatively high cost and easily oxidized in the air. Wearable patch is composed of 2 parts that dry electrode parts for recording bio signal and sticky patch parts for mounting on the skin. Dry electrode parts were made by vortexer and baking in prepared mold. To optimize electrical performance and diffusion degree of uniformity, we developed unique mixing and baking process. Secondly, sticky patch parts were made by patterning and detaching from smooth surface substrate after spin-coating soft skin adhesive. In this process, attachable and detachable strengths of sticky patch are measured and optimized for them, using a monitoring system. Assembled patch is flexible, stretchable, easily skin mountable and connectable directly with the system. To evaluate the performance of electrical characteristics and ECG (Electrocardiography) recording, wearable patch was tested by changing concentrations of CNFs and thickness of the dry electrode. In these results, the CNF concentration and thickness of dry electrodes were important variables to obtain high-quality ECG signals without incidental distractions. Cytotoxicity test is conducted to prove biocompatibility, and long-term wearing test showed no skin reactions such as itching or erythema. To minimize noises from motion artifacts and line noise, we make the customized wireless, light-weight data acquisition system. Measured ECG Signals from this system are stable and successfully monitored simultaneously. To sum up, we could fully utilize fabricated wearable patch devices for real-time ECG monitoring easily. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanofibers" title="carbon nanofibers">carbon nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG%20monitoring" title=" ECG monitoring"> ECG monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20dry%20electrode" title=" flexible dry electrode"> flexible dry electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20patch" title=" wearable patch"> wearable patch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84099/carbon-based-wearable-patch-devices-for-real-time-electrocardiography-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Systematic Study of Structure Property Relationship in Highly Crosslinked Elastomers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natarajan%20Ramasamy">Natarajan Ramasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurulingamurthy%20Haralur"> Gurulingamurthy Haralur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Nivarthu"> Ramesh Nivarthu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikhil%20Kumar%20Singha"> Nikhil Kumar Singha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elastomers are polymeric materials with varied backbone architectures ranging from linear to dendrimeric structures and wide varieties of monomeric repeat units. These elastomers show strongly viscous and weakly elastic when it is not cross-linked. But when crosslinked, based on the extent the properties of these elastomers can range from highly flexible to highly stiff nature. Lightly cross-linked systems are well studied and reported. Understanding the nature of highly cross-linked rubber based upon chemical structure and architecture is critical for varieties of applications. One of the critical parameters is cross-link density. In the current work, we have studied the highly cross-linked state of linear, lightly branched to star-shaped branched elastomers and determined the cross-linked density by using different models. Change in hardness, shift in Tg, change in modulus and swelling behavior were measured experimentally as a function of the extent of curing. These properties were analyzed using varied models to determine cross-link density. We used hardness measurements to examine cure time. Hardness to the extent of curing relationship is determined. It is well known that micromechanical transitions like Tg and storage modulus are related to the extent of crosslinking. The Tg of the elastomer in different crosslinked state was determined by DMA, and based on plateau modulus the crosslink density is estimated by using Nielsen’s model. Usually for lightly crosslinked systems, based on equilibrium swelling ratio in solvent the cross link density is estimated by using Flory–Rhener model. When it comes to highly crosslinked system, Flory-Rhener model is not valid because of smaller chain length. So models based on the assumption of polymer as a Non-Gaussian chain like 1) Helmis–Heinrich–Straube (HHS) model, 2) Gloria M.gusler and Yoram Cohen Model, 3) Barbara D. Barr-Howell and Nikolaos A. Peppas model is used for estimating crosslink density. In this work, correction factors are determined to the existing models and based upon it structure-property relationship of highly crosslinked elastomers was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20mechanical%20analysis" title="dynamic mechanical analysis">dynamic mechanical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20transition%20temperature" title=" glass transition temperature"> glass transition temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parts%20per%20hundred%20grams%20of%20rubber" title=" parts per hundred grams of rubber"> parts per hundred grams of rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosslink%20density" title=" crosslink density"> crosslink density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20networks%20per%20unit%20volume%20of%20elastomer" title=" number of networks per unit volume of elastomer"> number of networks per unit volume of elastomer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87235/systematic-study-of-structure-property-relationship-in-highly-crosslinked-elastomers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Recycled High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene Blends through Extrusion, Reinforcement, and Compatibilization Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kharmoudi">H. Kharmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Elkoun"> S. Elkoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Robert"> M. Robert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Diez"> C. Diez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the literature, the elaboration of polymer blends based on recycled HDPE and LDPE is challenging because of the non-miscibility. Ensuring the compatibility of blends is one of the challenges; this study will discuss the different methods to be adopted to assess the compatibility of polymer blends. The first one aims to act on the extrusion process while varying the speed, flow rate, and residence time. The second method has as its purpose the use of grafted anhydride maleic elastomer chains as a compatibilizer. The results of the formulations will be characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) as well as mechanical tensile and bending tests to assess whether pipes made from recycled polyethylene meet the standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20HDPE" title="recycled HDPE">recycled HDPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDPE" title=" LDPE"> LDPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibilizer" title=" compatibilizer"> compatibilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20tests" title=" mechanical tests"> mechanical tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143628/improvement-of-mechanical-properties-of-recycled-high-density-and-low-density-polyethylene-blends-through-extrusion-reinforcement-and-compatibilization-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> POSS as Modifiers and Additives for Elastomer Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Str%C4%85kowska">Anna Strąkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marian%20Zaborski"> Marian Zaborski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The studies were focused on POSS application with methylvinylsilicone rubber (MVQ). The obtained results indicate that they can be successfully incorporated into silica-filled rubbers as modifying agents since they enhance cross-link density and improve most properties of the resulting network. It is also worth noting that the incorporation of POSS molecules resulted in stabilizing effect against adverse changes induced by the climatic, ozone or UV ageing of the rubbers. Furthermore, we obtained interesting results of rubbers surface modification using POSS functionalised with halogen groups (Cl, F, and Br). As the results, surface energy of the elastomeric composites and their hydrophobicity increased, barrier properties improved and thermal stability increased as well. Additionally, the studies with silicone rubber and POSS containing acidic and alkaline groups revealed composites with self-healing properties. The observed effects strictly depend on a kind and quantity of functional groups present in angles of POSS cages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomeric%20composites" title="elastomeric composites">elastomeric composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POSS" title="POSS">POSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties%20modyfication" title=" properties modyfication"> properties modyfication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicone%20rubber" title=" silicone rubber"> silicone rubber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31907/poss-as-modifiers-and-additives-for-elastomer-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Normally Closed Thermoplastic Microfluidic Valves with Microstructured Valve Seats: A Strategy to Avoid Permanently Bonded Valves during Channel Sealing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kebin%20Li">Kebin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Morton"> Keith Morton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Shiu"> Matthew Shiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karine%20Turcotte"> Karine Turcotte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20Lukic"> Luke Lukic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teodor%20Veres"> Teodor Veres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a normally closed thermoplastic microfluidic valve design that uses microstructured valve seats to locally prevent the membrane from bonding to the valve seat during microfluidic channel sealing. The microstructured valve seat reduces the adhesion force between the contact surfaces of the valve seat and the membrane locally, allowing valve open and close operations while simultaneously providing a permanent and robust bond elsewhere to cover and seal the microfluidic channel network. Dynamic valve operation including opening and closing times can be tuned by changing the valve seat diameter as well as the density of the microstructures on the valve seats. The influence of the microstructured valve seat on the general flow behavior through the microfluidic devices was also studied. A design window for the fabrication of valve structure is identified and discussed to minimize the fabrication complexity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-embossing" title="hot-embossing">hot-embossing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfabrication" title=" microfabrication"> microfabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microvalves" title=" microvalves"> microvalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20elastomer" title=" thermoplastic elastomer"> thermoplastic elastomer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104819/normally-closed-thermoplastic-microfluidic-valves-with-microstructured-valve-seats-a-strategy-to-avoid-permanently-bonded-valves-during-channel-sealing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Magnetic (Ethylene-Octene) Polymer Composites Reinforced With Carbon Black</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Maslowski">Marcin Maslowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marian%20%20Zaborski"> Marian Zaborski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study was to receive magnetorheological elastomer composites (MRE) with the best mechanical characteristics. MRE based on different magnetoactive fillers in ethylene-octene rubber are reported and studied. To improve mechanical properties of polymer mixtures, also carbon black (N550) was added during the composites preparation process. Micro and nan-sized magnetites (Fe3O4), as well as gamma iron oxide (gamma-Fe2O3) and carbonyl iron powder (CIP) are added together with carbon black (N550) were found to be an active fillers systems improving both static and dynamic mechanical properties of elastomers. They also changed magnetic properties of composites. Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) indicates the presence of strongly developed secondary structure in vulcanizates. Reinforcing character of applied different fillers systems results in an increased stress at 100% elongation, tensile strength and cross-linking density of the vulcanizates. Studies investigated by vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) proved that all composites exhibit good magnetic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20black" title="carbon black">carbon black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetorheological%20composites" title=" magnetorheological composites"> magnetorheological composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20fillers" title=" magnetic fillers"> magnetic fillers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51042/magnetic-ethylene-octene-polymer-composites-reinforced-with-carbon-black" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Coil-Over Shock Absorbers Compared to Inherent Material Damping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carina%20Emminger">Carina Emminger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umut%20D.%20Cakmak"> Umut D. Cakmak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evrim%20Burkut"> Evrim Burkut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rene%20Preuer"> Rene Preuer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrid%20Graz"> Ingrid Graz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoltan%20Major"> Zoltan Major</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Damping accompanies us daily in everyday life and is used to protect (e.g., in shoes) and make our life more comfortable (damping of unwanted motion) and calm (noise reduction). In general, damping is the absorption of energy which is either stored in the material (vibration isolation systems) or changed into heat (vibration absorbers). In case of the last, the damping mechanism can be split in active, passive, as well as semi-active (a combination of active and passive). Active damping is required to enable an almost perfect damping over the whole application range and is used, for instance, in sport cars. In contrast, passive damping is a response of the material due to external loading. Consequently, the material composition has a huge influence on the damping behavior. For elastomers, the material behavior is inherent viscoelastic, temperature, and frequency dependent. However, passive damping is not adjustable during application. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the fundamental viscoelastic behavior and the dissipation capability due to external loading. The objective of this work is to assess the limitation and applicability of viscoelastic material damping for applications in which currently coil-over shock absorbers are utilized. Coil-over shock absorbers are usually made of various mechanical parts and incorporate fluids within the damper. These shock absorbers are well-known and studied in the industry, and when needed, they can be easily adjusted during their product lifetime. In contrary, dampers made of – ideally – a single material are more resource efficient, have an easier serviceability, and are easier manufactured. However, they lack of adaptability and adjustability in service. Therefore, a case study with a remote-controlled sport car was conducted. The original shock absorbers were redesigned, and the spring-dashpot system was replaced by both an elastomer and a thermoplastic-elastomer, respectively. Here, five different formulations of elastomers were used, including a pure and an iron-particle filled thermoplastic poly(urethan) (TPU) and blends of two different poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). In addition, the TPUs were investigated as full and hollow dampers to investigate the difference between solid and structured material. To get comparative results each material formulation was comprehensively characterized, by monotonic uniaxial compression tests, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA), and rebound resilience. Moreover, the new material-based shock absorbers were compared with spring-dashpot shock absorbers. The shock absorbers were analyzed under monotonic and cyclic loading. In addition, an impact loading was applied on the remote-controlled car to measure the damping properties in operation. A servo-hydraulic high-speed linear actuator was utilized to apply the loads. The acceleration of the car and the displacement of specific measurement points were recorded while testing by a sensor and high-speed camera, respectively. The results prove that elastomers are suitable in damping applications, but they are temperature and frequency dependent. This is a limitation in applicability of viscous material damper. Feasible fields of application may be in the case of micromobility, like bicycles, e-scooters, and e-skateboards. Furthermore, the viscous material damping could be used to increase the inherent damping of a whole structure, e.g., in bicycle-frames. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damper%20structures" title="damper structures">damper structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20damping" title=" material damping"> material damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPU" title=" TPU"> TPU</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153969/coil-over-shock-absorbers-compared-to-inherent-material-damping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Fracture Energy Corresponding to the Puncture/Cutting of Nitrile Rubber by Pointed Blades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ennouri%20Triki">Ennouri Triki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toan%20Vu-Khanh"> Toan Vu-Khanh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resistance to combined puncture/cutting by pointed blades is an important property of gloves materials. The purpose of this study is to propose an approach derived from the fracture mechanics theory to calculate the fracture energy associated to the puncture/cutting of nitrile rubber. The proposed approach is also based on the application of a sample pre-strained during the puncture/cutting test in order to remove the contribution of friction. It was validated with two different pointed blade angles of 22.5° and 35°. Results show that the applied total fracture energy corresponding to puncture/cutting is controlled by three energies, one is the fracture energy or the intrinsic strength of the material, the other reflects the friction energy between a pointed blade and the material. For an applied pre-strain energy (or tearing energy) of high value, the friction energy is completely removed. Without friction, the total fracture energy is constant. In that case, the fracture contribution of the tearing energy is marginal. Growth of the crack is thus completely caused by the puncture/cutting by a pointed blade. Finally, results suggest that the value of the fracture energy corresponding to puncture/cutting by pointed blades is obtained at a frictional contribution of zero. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomer" title="elastomer">elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pointed%20blades" title=" pointed blades"> pointed blades</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35346/fracture-energy-corresponding-to-the-puncturecutting-of-nitrile-rubber-by-pointed-blades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Light-Driven Star-Shaped Microgripper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indraj%20Singh">Indraj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Lee"> Xuan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chieh%20Cheng"> Yu-Chieh Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scientists are very keen on biomimetic research that mimics biological species to micro-robotic devices with the novel functionalities and accessibility. The source of inspiration is the complexity, sophistication, and intelligence of the biological systems. In this work, we design a light-driven star-shaped microgripper, an autonomous soft device which can change the shape under the external stimulus such as light. The design is based on light-responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers which fabricated onto the polymer coated aligned substrate. The change in shape, controlled by the anisotropicity and the molecular orientation of the Liquid Crystal Elastomer, based on the external stimulus. This artificial star-shaped microgripper is capable of autonomous closure and capable to grab the objects in response to an external stimulus. This external stimulus-responsive materials design, based on soft active smart materials, provides a new approach to autonomous, self-regulating optical systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20crystal%20elastomers" title="liquid crystal elastomers">liquid crystal elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgripper" title=" microgripper"> microgripper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20materials" title=" smart materials"> smart materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95169/liquid-crystal-elastomers-as-light-driven-star-shaped-microgripper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomer&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomer&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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