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acquisitions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: acquisitions"> <meta name="keywords" content="acquisitions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="acquisitions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 41</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: acquisitions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Mergers and Acquisitions in the Banking Sector: The West African Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Odunaiya">Sunday Odunaiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The statistics of banks in operation in this current dispensation compared to some decades ago has brought about a lot of changes on the face of the financial system. The demand of customers, technological advancement, and government policies among others has therefore generated a lot of heat for financial sector’s growth, sustenance and survival. This paper discusses mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in banking sector using West Africa as a yardstick of evaluation. It explains rigorously the conditions that warrant mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector, its effect, and how to ensure mergers and acquisitions effectiveness in the banking sector. The conceptual and empirical review of the relevant literature were done systematically while value-increasing and value-decreasing theories were used to substantiate the discourse. Findings of this paper show that mergers and acquisitions is a practical and conscious activity in Nigeria, Ghana and Ivory Coast from earliest time till date with tremendous turnaround in the financial sector. It was found out that M&A is consensually arrived at by the targets and the acquirer on a value-based account. In other words, merger and acquisition is a deliberate decision reached by the management of such bank for a ‘just cause’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions" title="acquisitions">acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merger" title=" merger"> merger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20sector" title=" financial sector"> financial sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92440/mergers-and-acquisitions-in-the-banking-sector-the-west-african-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> A Comparative Study of Corporate Cultural Values in Mergers and Acquisitions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renzhong%20Peng">Renzhong Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiping%20Wu"> Weiping Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimension, this study conducted a comparative study on the similarities and differences between national cultures and corporate cultural values, analyzed and interpreted the reasons why Chinese overseas Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) cultural integration results in the success or failure. The findings of this study indicate that in the process of M&A, the corporate cultural values from Chinese and western corporations are proved to be quite different as a result of their diversities of national cultures, and the strategies for the integration of cultural corporate values are of vital importance and can determine the effects of the M&A, which can be referential to managers who intend to have the idea of M&A and those who have cultural integration in the process of M&A. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title="comparative study">comparative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20integration" title=" cultural integration"> cultural integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20cultural%20values" title=" corporate cultural values"> corporate cultural values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mergers%20and%20Acquisitions" title=" Mergers and Acquisitions"> Mergers and Acquisitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48542/a-comparative-study-of-corporate-cultural-values-in-mergers-and-acquisitions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Chief Financial Officer Compensation in Mergers and Acquisitions Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Bugeja">Martin Bugeja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Spiropolos"> Helen Spiropolos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using a sample of U.S. firms during the period 1993-2015, this study examines whether mergers and acquisitions (M&A) impact the compensation of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in the bidding and integration phases of M&As. The study finds that after controlling for CEO power, CFOs’ total compensation is higher during M&A years and is driven by higher equity incentives. These results are robust to controlling for self-selection. Furthermore, CFOs receive a greater bonus during the year of acquisition and the year prior. The study also investigates if CFO compensation during M&A years is driven by M&A characteristics and finds that deal size and diversification are positively related to total compensation while completion time is negatively related. The results are robust to a number of sensitivity tests and additional analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chief%20financial%20officer" title="chief financial officer">chief financial officer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation" title=" compensation"> compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers" title=" mergers"> mergers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions" title=" acquisitions"> acquisitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180384/chief-financial-officer-compensation-in-mergers-and-acquisitions-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Effect of Financial and Institutional Ecosystems on Startup Mergers and Acquisitions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Ahluwalia">Saurabh Ahluwalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sul%20Kassicieh"> Sul Kassicieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conventional wisdom has maintained that being in proximity to entrepreneurial ecosystems helps startups to raise financing, develop and grow. In this paper, we examine the effect of a major component of an entrepreneurial ecosystem- financial or venture capital clusters on the exit of a startup through mergers and acquisitions (M&A). We find that the presence of a venture capitalist in a venture capital (VC) cluster is a major success factor for M&A exits. The location of startups in the top VC clusters did not turn out to be significant for success. Our results are robust to different specifications of the model that use different time periods, types of success, the reputation of VC, industry and the quality of the startup company. Our results provide evidence for VCs, startups and policymakers who want to better understand the components of entrepreneurial ecosystems and their relation to the M&A exits of startups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20institution" title="financial institution">financial institution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers%20and%20acquisitions" title=" mergers and acquisitions"> mergers and acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=startup%20financing" title=" startup financing"> startup financing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venture%20capital" title=" venture capital"> venture capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138942/effect-of-financial-and-institutional-ecosystems-on-startup-mergers-and-acquisitions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Value of Mergers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Yaghoubi">Reza Yaghoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stuart%20Locke"> Stuart Locke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Gibb"> Jenny Gibb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates sources of value in mergers and acquisitions. While much emphasis is put on operating synergies from acquisitions the evidence provided in this study shows that the difference between the WACCs of the combined firm and the merging firms may have a significant role on the value effect of mergers. These findings suggest that changes in the capital structure of the combined firm, compared to capital structures of the acquirer and the target, play a key role in determining the value of an acquisition. Moreover, findings of this study suggest that reducing the cost of capital of the combined firm, compared to the merging firms, is value creating even in the absence of operating synergies. Furthermore, this study shows that the component of value associated with the difference between the WACCs of the combined firm and the acquirer is mainly determined by leverage of the acquiring firm and the method of payment. While cash payment is value creating, high leverage of the acquirer prior to an acquisition can destroy value by raising the cost of capital of the firm. This is especially important to managers when they are planning an acquisition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions" title="acquisitions">acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers" title=" mergers"> mergers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergy" title=" synergy"> synergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value"> value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WACC" title=" WACC"> WACC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30712/value-of-mergers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Participation Motivation and Financing Approach of Small and Medium Enterprises in Mergers and Acquisitions in Vietnam from the Viewpoint of Intermediaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Thi%20Hoang%20Hieu">Nguyen Thi Hoang Hieu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activities have increasingly become popular in both developed and developing countries. It is also an attractive topic for researchers to exploit in various sectors such as business, economies or finance. However, activities of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in M&A activities for a long time have not been sufficiently studied to provide the complete picture of what has been really, particularly in the developing market like Vietnam. The study employs semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts who have worked for years in the M&A sector to explore the participation motivation of both buy side and sell side of M&A activities. In addition, through the interviews, the study attempts to explain how firms finance their M&A deals. The collected data then will be content-analyzed to reflect the study's expectations based on the theories and practices reviews. In addition, limitations and recommendations are given in the hope that the M&A performance in Vietnam can be improved in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers%20and%20acquisitions" title="mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vietnam" title=" Vietnam"> Vietnam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium%20enterprises" title=" small and medium enterprises"> small and medium enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content-analysis" title=" content-analysis"> content-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-structure%20in-depth%20interview" title=" semi-structure in-depth interview"> semi-structure in-depth interview</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36655/participation-motivation-and-financing-approach-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-in-mergers-and-acquisitions-in-vietnam-from-the-viewpoint-of-intermediaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Globalization and Foreign Bank Entry in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eda%20Orhun">Eda Orhun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turkey stayed as a closed economy until the beginning of 1980s. This changed with the de-regulation and the liberalization program that was adopted by the government at that time. This re-structuring program also affected the Turkish banking system by triggering more foreign bank entry. While the number of foreign banks have been increasing, the number of (local) private banks have been decreasing especially after the currency crisis of 2001. This outcome is largely due to increased acquisitions of (local) private banks by foreign entrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions" title="acquisitions">acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-regulation" title=" de-regulation"> de-regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20bank%20entry" title=" foreign bank entry"> foreign bank entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21648/globalization-and-foreign-bank-entry-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Evaluation of Merger Premium and Firm Performance in Europe </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Nnadi">Matthias Nnadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the relationship between premiums and returns in the short and long terms in European merger and acquisition (M&A) deals. The study employs Calendar Time Portfolio (CTP) model and find strong evidence that in the long run, premiums have a positive impact on performance, and we also establish evidence of a significant difference between the abnormal returns of the high premium paying portfolio and the low premium paying ones. Even in cases where all sub-portfolios show negative abnormal returns, the high premium category still outperforms the low premium category. Our findings have implications for companies engaging in acquisitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers" title="mergers">mergers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premium" title=" premium"> premium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=returns" title=" returns"> returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions" title=" acquisitions"> acquisitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30995/evaluation-of-merger-premium-and-firm-performance-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> An Extended Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning: Impact of New International Business Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20De%20Mat%C3%ADas%20Batalla">D. De Matías Batalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper develops and extended eclectic paradigm to fit the firm internationalization process with the real international business world. The approach is based on Dunning´s, introducing new concepts like mode of entry, international joint venture o international mergers and acquisitions. At the same time is presented a model to describe the Spanish international mergers and acquisitions in order to determinate the most important factor that influence in this type of foreign direct investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dunning" title="dunning">dunning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eclectic%20paradigm" title=" eclectic paradigm"> eclectic paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investment" title=" foreign direct investment"> foreign direct investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IJV" title=" IJV"> IJV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20business" title=" international business"> international business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20management" title=" international management"> international management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20firms" title=" multinational firms"> multinational firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20internationalization%20process" title=" firm internationalization process"> firm internationalization process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%26A" title=" M&A"> M&A</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25704/an-extended-eclectic-paradigm-of-dunning-impact-of-new-international-business-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Novel Aspects of Merger Control Pertaining to Nascent Acquisition: An Analytical Legal Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhargavi%20G.%20Iyer">Bhargavi G. Iyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ojaswi%20Bhagat"> Ojaswi Bhagat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often noted that the value of a novel idea lies in its successful implementation. However, successful implementation requires the nurturing and encouragement of innovation. Nascent competitors are a true representation of innovation in any given industry. A nascent competitor is an entity whose prospective innovation poses a future threat to an incumbent dominant competitor. While a nascent competitor benefits in several ways, it is also exposed significantly and is at greater risk of facing the brunt of exclusionary practises and abusive conduct by dominant incumbent competitors in the industry. This research paper aims to explore the risks and threats faced by nascent competitors and analyse the benefits they accrue as well as the advantages they proffer to the economy; through an analytical, critical study. In such competitive market environments, a rise of the acquisitions of nascent competitors by the incumbent dominants is observed. Therefore, this paper will examine the dynamics of nascent acquisition. Further, this paper hopes to specifically delve into the role of antitrust bodies in regulating nascent acquisition. This paper also aspires to deal with the question how to distinguish harmful from harmless acquisitions in order to facilitate ideal enforcement practice. This paper proposes mechanisms of scrutiny in order to ensure healthy market practises and efficient merger control in the context of nascent acquisitions. Taking into account the scope and nature of the topic, as well as the resources available and accessible, a combination of the methods of doctrinal research and analytical research were employed, utilising secondary sources in order to assess and analyse the subject of research. While legally evaluating the Killer Acquisition theory and the Nascent Potential Acquisition theory, this paper seeks to critically survey the precedents and instances of nascent acquisitions. In addition to affording a compendious account of the legislative framework and regulatory mechanisms in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union; it hopes to suggest an internationally practicable legal foundation for domestic legislation and enforcement to adopt. This paper hopes to appreciate the complexities and uncertainties with respect to nascent acquisitions and attempts to suggest viable and plausible policy measures in antitrust law. It additionally attempts to examine the effects of such nascent acquisitions upon the consumer and the market economy. This paper weighs the argument of shifting the evidentiary burden on to the merging parties in order to improve merger control and regulation and expounds on its discovery of the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. It is posited that an effective combination of factual, legal, and economic analysis of both the acquired and acquiring companies possesses the potential to improve ex post and ex ante merger review outcomes involving nascent companies; thus, preventing anti-competitive practises. This paper concludes with an analysis of the possibility and feasibility of industry-specific identification of anti-competitive nascent acquisitions and implementation of measures accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antitrust%20law" title=" antitrust law"> antitrust law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusionary%20practises%20merger%20control" title=" exclusionary practises merger control"> exclusionary practises merger control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nascent%20competitor" title=" nascent competitor"> nascent competitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145344/novel-aspects-of-merger-control-pertaining-to-nascent-acquisition-an-analytical-legal-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Dynamic Model of Heterogeneous Markets with Imperfect Information for the Optimization of Company's Long-Time Strategy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20Oborin">Oleg Oborin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is dedicated to the development of the model, which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term corporate strategies and identify the best strategies. The theoretical model of the relatively homogenous product market (such as iron and steel industry, mobile services or road transport) has been developed. In the model, the market consists of a large number of companies with different internal characteristics and objectives. The companies can perform mergers and acquisitions in order to increase their market share. The model allows the simulation of long-time dynamics of the market (for a period longer than 20 years). Therefore, a large number of simulations on random input data was conducted in the framework of the model. After that, the results of the model were compared with the dynamics of real markets, such as the US steel industry from the beginning of the XX century to the present day, and the market of mobile services in Germany for the period between 1990 and 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Economic%20Modelling" title="Economic Modelling">Economic Modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Long-Time%20Strategy" title=" Long-Time Strategy"> Long-Time Strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mergers%20and%20Acquisitions" title=" Mergers and Acquisitions"> Mergers and Acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simulation" title=" Simulation"> Simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66191/dynamic-model-of-heterogeneous-markets-with-imperfect-information-for-the-optimization-of-companys-long-time-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Financial Deepening in the Nigerian Banking Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyinyechi%20Joy%20Kingdom">Onyinyechi Joy Kingdom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have been proposed as a mechanism through which, problems associated with inefficiency or poor performance in financial institution could be addressed. The aim of this study is to examine the proposition that recapitalization of banks, which encouraged Mergers and Acquisitions in Nigeria banking system, would strengthen the domestic banks, improve financial deepening and the confidence of depositors. Hence, this study examines the impact of the 2005 M&A in the Nigerian-banking sector on financial deepening using mixed method (quantitative and qualitative approach). The quantitative process of this study utilised annual time series for financial deepening indicator for the period of 1997 to 2012. While, the qualitative aspect adopted semi-structured interview to collate data from three merged banks and three stand-alone banks to explore, understand and complement the quantitative results. Furthermore, a framework thematic analysis is employed to analyse the themes developed using NVivo 11 software. Using the quantitative approach, findings from the equality of mean test (EMT) used suggests that M&A have significant impact on financial deepening. However, this method is not robust enough given its weak validity as it does not control for other potential factors that may determine financial deepening. Thus, to control for other factors that may affect the level of financial deepening, a Multiple Regression Model (MRM) and Interrupted Times Series Analysis (ITSA) were applied. The coefficient for M&A dummy turned negative and insignificant using MRM. In addition, the estimated linear trend of the post intervention when ITSA was applied suggests that after M&A, the level of financial deepening decreased annually; however, this was statistically insignificant. Similarly, using the qualitative approach, the results from the interview supported the quantitative results from ITSA and MRM. The result suggests that interest rate should fall when capital base is increased to improve financial deepening. Hence, this study contributes to the existing literature the importance of other factors that may affect financial deepening and the economy when policies that will enhance bank performance and the economy are made. In addition, this study will enable the use of valuable policy instruments relevant to monetary authorities when formulating policies that will strengthen the Nigerian banking sector and the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers%20and%20acquisitions" title="mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recapitalization" title=" recapitalization"> recapitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20deepening" title=" financial deepening"> financial deepening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crisis" title=" financial crisis"> financial crisis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78349/the-impact-of-mergers-and-acquisitions-on-financial-deepening-in-the-nigerian-banking-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Effects of Analogy Method on Children's Learning: Practice of Rainbow Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hediye%20Saglam">Hediye Saglam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research has been carried out to bring in the 6 acquisitions in the 2014 Preschool Teaching Programme of the Turkish Ministry of Education through the method of analogy. This research is practiced based on the experimental pattern with pre-test and final test controlling groups. The working group of the study covers the group between 5-6 ages. The study takes 5 weeks including the 2 weeks spent for pre-test and the final test. It is conducted with the preschool teacher who gives the lesson along with the researcher in the in-class and out-of-class rainbow experiments of the students for 5 weeks. 'One Sample T Test' is used for the evaluation of the pre-test and final test. SPSS 17 programme is applied for the analysis of the data. Results: As an outcome of the study it is observed that analogy method affects children’s learning of the rainbow. For this very reason teachers should receive inservice training for different methods and techniques like analogy. This method should be included in preschool education programme and should be applied by teachers more often. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions%20of%20preschool%20education%20programme" title="acquisitions of preschool education programme">acquisitions of preschool education programme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analogy%20method" title=" analogy method"> analogy method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-test%2Ffinal%20test" title=" pre-test/final test"> pre-test/final test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainbow%20experiments" title=" rainbow experiments"> rainbow experiments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34151/effects-of-analogy-method-on-childrens-learning-practice-of-rainbow-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> An Examination of Earnings Management by Publicly Listed Targets Ahead of Mergers and Acquisitions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Elrazaz">T. Elrazaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines accrual and real earnings management by publicly listed targets around mergers and acquisitions. Prior literature shows that earnings management around mergers and acquisitions can have a significant economic impact because of the associated wealth transfers among stakeholders. More importantly, acting on behalf of their shareholders or pursuing their self-interests, managers of both targets and acquirers may be equally motivated to manipulate earnings prior to an acquisition to generate higher gains for their shareholders or themselves. Building on the grounds of information asymmetry, agency conflicts, stewardship theory, and the revelation principle, this study addresses the question of whether takeover targets employ accrual and real earnings management in the periods prior to the announcement of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). Additionally, this study examines whether acquirers are able to detect targets’ earnings management, and in response, adjust the acquisition premium paid in order not to face the risk of overpayment. This study uses an aggregate accruals approach in estimating accrual earnings management as proxied by estimated abnormal accruals. Additionally, real earnings management is proxied for by employing widely used models in accounting and finance literature. The results of this study indicate that takeover targets manipulate their earnings using accruals in the second year with an earnings release prior to the announcement of the M&A. Moreover, in partitioning the sample of targets according to the method of payment used in the deal, the results are restricted only to targets of stock-financed deals. These results are consistent with the argument that targets of cash-only or mixed-payment deals do not have the same strong motivations to manage their earnings as their stock-financed deals counterparts do additionally supporting the findings of prior studies that the method of payment in takeovers is value relevant. The findings of this study also indicate that takeover targets manipulate earnings upwards through cutting discretionary expenses the year prior to the acquisition while they do not do so by manipulating sales or production costs. Moreover, in partitioning the sample of targets according to the method of payment used in the deal, the results are restricted only to targets of stock-financed deals, providing further robustness to the results derived under the accrual-based models. Finally, this study finds evidence suggesting that acquirers are fully aware of the accrual-based techniques employed by takeover targets and can unveil such manipulation practices. These results are robust to alternative accrual and real earnings management proxies, as well as controlling for the method of payment in the deal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accrual%20earnings%20management" title="accrual earnings management">accrual earnings management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition%20premium" title=" acquisition premium"> acquisition premium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20earnings%20management" title=" real earnings management"> real earnings management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=takeover%20targets" title=" takeover targets"> takeover targets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127979/an-examination-of-earnings-management-by-publicly-listed-targets-ahead-of-mergers-and-acquisitions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Labor Income Share Change and Mergers and Acquisitions: Empirical Evidence of the Importance of Employees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zhang">Jie Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaomin%20Zhang"> Chaomin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are important market tools to support economic transformation and upgrading to achieve high-quality development. Based on the employee value distribution in the context of M&A and reorganization of Chinese enterprises, this paper takes China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022 as research samples to explore the impact of employee labor income share fluctuation on the success rate of M&A. The research finds that, first, when employees of the target party expect the share of labor income to decline after the merger, it will significantly inhibit the success rate of the merger. Second, when there is a vertical gap (that is, the target party has a larger scale and a higher level of corporate governance) or a horizontal gap (that is, the merger parties are in different industries and strategies) .Third, for enterprises that have completed the M&A process, the decline of labor income share will lead to higher post-M&A goodwill impairment. The research conclusions of this paper enrich the literature on the economic consequences of labor income share and the influencing factors of M&A, and provide useful reference for enterprises to better coordinate the value distribution of employees in M&A. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20income%20share" title="labor income share">labor income share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20success%20rate%20of%20M%26A" title=" the success rate of M&A"> the success rate of M&A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20distribution" title=" value distribution"> value distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goodwill%20impairment" title=" goodwill impairment"> goodwill impairment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192550/labor-income-share-change-and-mergers-and-acquisitions-empirical-evidence-of-the-importance-of-employees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Research on the Effect of the System of General Counsel on the Efficiency of M&As in State-Owned Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mao%20Ju">Mao Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The system of general counsel (GC) is an important governance structure designed for the construction of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) under the rule of law. This article is based on the setting of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and takes the efficiency of M&As to examine the implementation effect of the system of GC for SOEs. Research has found that: (1) companies implementing the system of GC for SOEs have higher efficiency in M&As, manifested in better operational and market performance, and this effect depends on the professional ability and power of the GC. This indicates that the GC of SOEs has played a positive role in the decision-making process of M&As, which helps to improve the efficiency of M&As. (2) The impact of the GC of SOEs on the efficiency of M&As is heterogeneous, and this positive effect is mainly reflected in local and commercial SOEs. (3) The path of this impact is that the GC of SOEs can help reduce ineffective M&As in advance, enhance the ability to integrate M&As after the fact and reduce the risk of goodwill impairment and bankruptcy. This article reveals the impact of the construction of SOEs under the rule of law with the system of GC as the core of M&As activities, providing intuitive evidence for the implementation effect of the GC of SOEs. The research conclusion has important practical guiding value for comprehensively deepening the construction of the rule of SOEs under the rule of law and writing a good chapter on the Chinese path to modernization of SOEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20system%20of%20general%20counsel" title="the system of general counsel">the system of general counsel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merger%20and%20acquisition%20efficiency" title=" merger and acquisition efficiency"> merger and acquisition efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-owned%20enterprises" title=" state-owned enterprises"> state-owned enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mergers%20and%20acquisitions" title=" mergers and acquisitions"> mergers and acquisitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192552/research-on-the-effect-of-the-system-of-general-counsel-on-the-efficiency-of-mas-in-state-owned-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Sparse Representation Based Spatiotemporal Fusion Employing Additional Image Pairs to Improve Dictionary Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dacheng%20Li">Dacheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Huang"> Bo Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinjin%20Han"> Qinjin Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Li"> Ming Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Remotely sensed imagery with the high spatial and temporal characteristics, which it is hard to acquire under the current land observation satellites, has been considered as a key factor for monitoring environmental changes over both global and local scales. On a basis of the limited high spatial-resolution observations, challenged studies called spatiotemporal fusion have been developed for generating high spatiotemporal images through employing other auxiliary low spatial-resolution data while with high-frequency observations. However, a majority of spatiotemporal fusion approaches yield to satisfactory assumption, empirical but unstable parameters, low accuracy or inefficient performance. Although the spatiotemporal fusion methodology via sparse representation theory has advantage in capturing reflectance changes, stability and execution efficiency (even more efficient when overcomplete dictionaries have been pre-trained), the retrieval of high-accuracy dictionary and its response to fusion results are still pending issues. In this paper, we employ additional image pairs (here each image-pair includes a Landsat Operational Land Imager and a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer acquisitions covering the partial area of Baotou, China) only into the coupled dictionary training process based on K-SVD (K-means Singular Value Decomposition) algorithm, and attempt to improve the fusion results of two existing sparse representation based fusion models (respectively utilizing one and two available image-pair). The results show that more eligible image pairs are probably related to a more accurate overcomplete dictionary, which generally indicates a better image representation, and is then contribute to an effective fusion performance in case that the added image-pair has similar seasonal aspects and image spatial structure features to the original image-pair. It is, therefore, reasonable to construct multi-dictionary training pattern for generating a series of high spatial resolution images based on limited acquisitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatiotemporal%20fusion" title="spatiotemporal fusion">spatiotemporal fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparse%20representation" title=" sparse representation"> sparse representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-SVD%20algorithm" title=" K-SVD algorithm"> K-SVD algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictionary%20learning" title=" dictionary learning"> dictionary learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74785/sparse-representation-based-spatiotemporal-fusion-employing-additional-image-pairs-to-improve-dictionary-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Retina Registration for Biometrics Based on Characterization of Retinal Feature Points</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nougrara%20Zineb">Nougrara Zineb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unique structure of the blood vessels in the retina has been used for biometric identification. The retina blood vessel pattern is a unique pattern in each individual and it is almost impossible to forge that pattern in a false individual. The retina biometrics’ advantages include high distinctiveness, universality, and stability overtime of the blood vessel pattern. Once the creases have been extracted from the images, a registration stage is necessary, since the position of the retinal vessel structure could change between acquisitions due to the movements of the eye. Image registration consists of following steps: Feature detection, feature matching, transform model estimation and image resembling and transformation. In this paper, we present an algorithm of registration; it is based on the characterization of retinal feature points. For experiments, retinal images from the DRIVE database have been tested. The proposed methodology achieves good results for registration in general. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fovea" title="fovea">fovea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optic%20disc" title=" optic disc"> optic disc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=registration" title=" registration"> registration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20images" title=" retinal images"> retinal images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72438/retina-registration-for-biometrics-based-on-characterization-of-retinal-feature-points" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Acquisitions on Prehistoric Dynamics in Central-Western Sicily</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Vintaloro">Angelo Vintaloro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent discoveries in territory never studied have given a different reading of Sicilian prehistory with the acquisition of important data on the penetration of the Minoan and Mycenaean colonization and on trade in the center-west of Sicily. The large settlement of Montagna Vecchia, in the territory of Corleone, has typical components starting from the Neolithic and was located along the road from Palermo to Agrigento, which connected the southern coast to the northern one. It was already the most important trade route on the island, as it represented a portion of the long North African/South French trade route, from the Campaniform period, at the beginning of the second millennium BC, through the mediation of the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. Years ago, it seemed that this colonization had stopped in south-eastern Sicily, but these recent discoveries changed the situation and gave us the confirmation that many peoples contributed to giving a permanent presence to this territory. Some areas of probable sacred destination have also been identified, closely linked to the subsequent Hellenic colonization of Sicily. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corleone" title="corleone">corleone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vecchia" title=" vecchia"> vecchia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preistoria" title=" preistoria"> preistoria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellenismo" title=" ellenismo"> ellenismo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137330/acquisitions-on-prehistoric-dynamics-in-central-western-sicily" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> CoP-Networks: Virtual Spaces for New Faculty’s Professional Development in the 21st Higher Education </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20AbuKhousa">Eman AbuKhousa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwan%20Z.%20Bataineh"> Marwan Z. Bataineh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 21<sup>st</sup> century higher education and globalization challenge new faculty members to build effective professional networks and partnership with industry in order to accelerate their growth and success. This creates the need for community of practice (CoP)-oriented development approaches that focus on cognitive apprenticeship while considering individual predisposition and future career needs. This work adopts data mining, clustering analysis, and social networking technologies to present the CoP-Network as a virtual space that connects together similar career-aspiration individuals who are socially influenced to join and engage in a process for domain-related knowledge and practice acquisitions. The CoP-Network model can be integrated into higher education to extend traditional graduate and professional development programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20analysis" title="clustering analysis">clustering analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20of%20practice" title=" community of practice"> community of practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20faculty%20challenges" title=" new faculty challenges"> new faculty challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network" title=" social network"> social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20influence" title=" social influence"> social influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20development" title=" professional development"> professional development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83397/cop-networks-virtual-spaces-for-new-facultys-professional-development-in-the-21st-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Vocabulary Paradigm in Learning Romanian As a Foreign Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgiana%20Ciobotaru">Georgiana Ciobotaru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vocabulary that foreign students assimilate once they start studying the Romanian language must allow them to develop the linguistic competence of oral and written expression, but also the intercultural one, necessary for their integration into the new socio-cultural environment. Therefore, the familiarization courses with Romanian as a foreign language aim at fundamental language acquisitions in order to obtain the expected level of Romanian language. They also relate differently to the new culture and the new language they come in contact with, having a distinct way of expressing themselves. Foreign students want to continue their university and postgraduate studies at specialized faculties in the country; therefore, they need both a general language for their integration into society and for interaction with others, Romanians or students from countries other than their own, but also from a specialized language that facilitates didactic communication and professional development. The complexity of the vocabulary must thus cover the daily communication needs, but also the subsequent evolution of each one. This paper aims to illustrate the most important semantic fields that students must assimilate in order to crystallize a linguistic identity in the new context of their personal and professional development and to help them cope with the culture shock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title="integration">integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural" title=" intercultural"> intercultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic" title=" linguistic"> linguistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary" title=" vocabulary"> vocabulary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135953/vocabulary-paradigm-in-learning-romanian-as-a-foreign-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Development of Chinese Film Market as Factor of Change in Global Hollywood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Adamczak">Marcin Adamczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth of Chinese film market and its dynamic incomparable to any other historical phenomenon has already made China the second world market and potential future leader in 2-3 years period. The growing power of Chines box-office and its future prospects is then the crucial and potentially disturbing factor for persistence of global Hollywood reality. The paper is based on market statistical data. The main findings of the analysis are defining of essential obstacles for the development of Chinese market and its foreign expansion. However, the new strategies employed by the industry (acquisitions of cinema chains abroad, blockbuster made with the involvement of figures from Hollywood star system, coproduction ties within Pacific basin) could be a successful remedy for current shortcomings. The main factor for development will be wider economical framework and maintenance of growth pace. The future state of Chinese film market will be one of the main factors shaping global film culture and film market in following decades of XXI century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20studies" title="production studies">production studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20market" title=" film market"> film market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20film%20market" title=" Chinese film market"> Chinese film market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88504/the-development-of-chinese-film-market-as-factor-of-change-in-global-hollywood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Student Perceptions of Defense Acquisition University Courses: An Explanatory Data Collection Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20C.%20LaDuke">Melissa C. LaDuke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overarching purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the current format of online delivery for Defense Acquisition University (DAU) courses and Air Force Acquisition (AFA) personnel participation. AFA personnel (hereafter named “student”) were particularly of interest, as they have been mandated to take anywhere from 3 to 30 online courses to earn various DAU specialization certifications. Participants in this qualitative case study were AFA personnel who pursued DAU certifications in science and technology management, program/contract management, and other related fields. Air Force personnel were interviewed about their experiences with online courses. The data gathered were analyzed and grouped into 12 major themes. The themes tied into the theoretical framework and spoke to either teacher-centered or student-centered educational practices within Defense Acquisitions University. Based on the results of the data analysis, various factors contributed to student perceptions of DAU courses, including the online course construct and relevance to their job. The analysis also found students want to learn the information presented but would like to be able to apply the information learned in meaningful ways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20theory" title="educational theory">educational theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-based%20training" title=" computer-based training"> computer-based training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interview" title=" interview"> interview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20perceptions" title=" student perceptions"> student perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20course%20design" title=" online course design"> online course design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20positionality" title=" teacher positionality"> teacher positionality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158362/student-perceptions-of-defense-acquisition-university-courses-an-explanatory-data-collection-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Auction Theory In Competitive Takeovers: Ideas For Regulators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emanuele%20Peggi">Emanuele Peggi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The regulation of competitive takeover bids is one of the most problematic issues of any legislation on takeovers since it concerns a particular type of market, that of corporate control, whose peculiar characteristic is that companies represent "assets" unique of their kind, for each of which there will be a relevant market characterized by the presence of different subjects interested in acquiring control. Firstly, this work aims to analyze, from a comparative point of view, the regulation of takeover bids in competitive scenarios, characterized by the presence of multiple takeover bids for the same target company, and contribute to the debate on the impact that various solutions adopted in some legal systems examined (Italy, UK, and USA) have had on the efficiency of the market for corporate control. Secondly, the different auction models identified by the economic literature and their possible applications to corporate acquisitions in competitive scenarios will be examined, as well as the consequences that the application of each of them causes on the efficiency of the market for corporate control and the interests of the target shareholders. The scope is to study the possibility of attributing to the management of the target company the power to design the auction in order to better protect the interests of shareholders through the adoption of ad hoc models according to the specific context. and in particular on the ground of their assessment of the buyer's risk profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=takeovers" title="takeovers">takeovers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auction%20theory" title=" auction theory"> auction theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shareholders" title=" shareholders"> shareholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20company" title=" target company"> target company</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141929/auction-theory-in-competitive-takeovers-ideas-for-regulators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Stochastic Edge Based Anomaly Detection for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitions Systems: Considering the Zambian Power Grid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukumba%20Phiri">Lukumba Phiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Tembo"> Simon Tembo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumbuso%20Joshua%20Nyoni"> Kumbuso Joshua Nyoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Zambia recent initiatives by various power operators like ZESCO, CEC, and consumers like the mines to upgrade power systems into smart grids target an even tighter integration with information technologies to enable the integration of renewable energy sources, local and bulk generation, and demand response. Thus, for the reliable operation of smart grids, its information infrastructure must be secure and reliable in the face of both failures and cyberattacks. Due to the nature of the systems, ICS/SCADA cybersecurity and governance face additional challenges compared to the corporate networks, and critical systems may be left exposed. There exist control frameworks internationally such as the NIST framework, however, there are generic and do not meet the domain-specific needs of the SCADA systems. Zambia is also lagging in cybersecurity awareness and adoption, therefore there is a concern about securing ICS controlling key infrastructure critical to the Zambian economy as there are few known facts about the true posture. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic Edged-based Anomaly Detection for SCADA systems (SEADS) framework for threat modeling and risk assessment. SEADS enables the calculation of steady-steady probabilities that are further applied to establish metrics like system availability, maintainability, and reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly" title="anomaly">anomaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge" title=" edge"> edge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintainability" title=" maintainability"> maintainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic" title=" stochastic"> stochastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153922/stochastic-edge-based-anomaly-detection-for-supervisory-control-and-data-acquisitions-systems-considering-the-zambian-power-grid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Prospects in Teaching Arabic Grammatical Structures to Non-Arab Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Toyin%20Muritala">Yahya Toyin Muritala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nonglaksana%20Kama"> Nonglaksana Kama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Yani"> Ahmad Yani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to investigate various linguistic techniques in enhancing and facilitating the acquisition of the practical knowledge of Arabic grammatical structuring among non-Arab learners of the standard classical Arabic language in non-Arabic speaking academic settings in the course of the current growth of the internationalism and cultural integration in some higher institutions. As the nature of the project requires standard investigations into the unique principal features of Arabic structurings and implications, the findings of the research work suggest some principles to follow in solving the problems faced by learners while acquiring grammatical aspects of Arabic language. The work also concentrates on the the structural features of the language in terms of inflection/parsing, structural arrangement order, functional particles, morphological formation and conformity etc. Therefore, grammatical aspect of Arabic which has gone through major stages in its early evolution of the classical stages up to the era of stagnation, development and modern stage of revitalization is a main subject matter of the paper as it is globally connected with communication and religion of Islam practiced by millions of Arabs and non-Arabs nowadays. The conclusion of the work shows new findings, through the descriptive and analytical methods, in terms of teaching language for the purpose of effective global communication with focus on methods of second language acquisitions by application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20structure" title="language structure">language structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20grammar" title=" Arabic grammar"> Arabic grammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20Arabic" title=" classical Arabic"> classical Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20communication" title=" intercultural communication"> intercultural communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Arabic%20speaking%20environment%20and%20prospects" title=" non-Arabic speaking environment and prospects"> non-Arabic speaking environment and prospects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15270/prospects-in-teaching-arabic-grammatical-structures-to-non-arab-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Old and New Paradigms for Pre-Earthquake Prevention and Post-Earthquake Regeneration of Territories in Crisis in Italy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Angela%20Bedini">Maria Angela Bedini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Bronzini"> Fabio Bronzini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the Italian territory is at seismic risk. Many earthquakes have hit Italy, and devastating effects have been generated. The specific objective of the research is to distinguish the negative approaches that have generated unacceptable social situations of marginalization, abandonment, and economic regression, from positive methodological approaches. On the basis of the different situations examined, the study proposes strategies and guidelines to obtain the best possible results, in Italy or abroad, in the event of new earthquakes. At national and international level, many theoretical studies address the aspects of prevention, while the comparisons, carried out in this study, between the techniques and the operative procedures applied and the results obtained are rare. The adopted methodology compares the different pre-earthquake urban-planning approaches, for the emergency (temporary urban planning), and for the post-earthquake (socio-economic-territorial processes) in Italy. Attention is placed on the current consolidated planning and programming acquisitions, pre and post-earthquake. The main results of the study concern the prospects in Italy of protection from seismic risks in the next decades. An integrated settlement system for a new economic and social model, aimed at the rebirth of territories in crisis, is proposed. Finally, the conclusions describe the disciplinary positions, procedures and the fundamental points generally shared by the scientific community for each approach, in order to identify the strategic choices and the disciplinary and management paths that will be followed in the coming decades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-earthquake" title="post-earthquake">post-earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20emergency" title=" seismic emergency"> seismic emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20prevention" title=" seismic prevention"> seismic prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning%20interventions%20in%20Italy" title=" urban planning interventions in Italy"> urban planning interventions in Italy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111602/old-and-new-paradigms-for-pre-earthquake-prevention-and-post-earthquake-regeneration-of-territories-in-crisis-in-italy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Understanding Profit Shifting by Multinationals in the Context of Cross-Border M&A: A Methodological Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Friedrich">Michal Friedrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cross-border investment has never been easier than in today’s global economy. Despite recent initiatives tightening the international tax landscape, profit shifting and tax optimization by multinational entities (MNEs) in the context of cross-border M&A remain persistent and complex phenomena that warrant in-depth exploration. By synthesizing the outcomes of existing research, this study aims to first provide a methodological framework for identifying MNEs’ profit-shifting behavior and quantifying its fiscal impacts via various macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches. The study also proposes additional methods and qualitative/quantitative measures for extracting insight into the profit shifting behavior of MNEs in the context of their M&A activities at industry and entity levels. To develop the proposed methods, this study applies the knowledge of international tax laws and known profit shifting conduits (incl. dividends, interest, and royalties) on several model cases/types of cross-border acquisitions and post-acquisition integration activities by MNEs and highlights important factors that encourage or discourage tax optimization. Follow-up research is envisaged to apply the methods outlined in this study on published data on real-world M&A transactions to gain practical country-by-country, industry and entity-level insights. In conclusion, this study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on profit shifting by providing a methodological toolkit for exploring profit shifting tendencies MNEs in connection with their M&A activities and to serve as a backbone for further research. The study is expected to provide valuable insight to policymakers, tax authorities, and tax professionals alike. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BEPS" title="BEPS">BEPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20M%26A" title=" cross-border M&A"> cross-border M&A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20taxation" title=" international taxation"> international taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit%20shifting" title=" profit shifting"> profit shifting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20optimization" title=" tax optimization"> tax optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176641/understanding-profit-shifting-by-multinationals-in-the-context-of-cross-border-ma-a-methodological-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Foreign Artificial Intelligence Investments and National Security Exceptions in International Investment Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhu">Ying Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent years have witnessed a boom of foreign investments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Foreign investments provide critical capital for AI development but also trigger national security concerns of host states. A notable example is an increasing number of cases in which the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) has denied Chinese acquisitions of US technology companies on national security grounds. On July 19, 2018, the Congress has reached a deal on the final draft of a new provision to strengthen CFIUS’s authority to review overseas transactions involving sensitive US technology. The question is: how to reconcile the emerging tension between, on the one hand, foreign AI investors’ expectations of a predictable investment environment, and on the other hand, host states’ regulatory power on national security? This paper provides a methodology to reconcile this tension under international investment law. Based on an examination, the national security exception clauses in international investment treaties and the application of national security justification in investor-state arbitration jurisprudence, the paper argues that a traditional interpretation of the national security exception, based on the necessity concept in customary international law, fails to take into account new risks faced by countries, including security concerns over strategic industries such as AI. To overcome this shortage, the paper proposes to incorporate an integrated national security clause in international investment treaties, which includes a two-tier test: a ‘self-judging’ test in the pre-establishment period and a ‘proportionality’ test in the post-establishment period. At the end, the paper drafts a model national security clause for future treaty-drafting practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20investment" title="foreign investment">foreign investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20investment%20law" title=" international investment law"> international investment law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security%20exception" title=" national security exception "> national security exception </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98343/foreign-artificial-intelligence-investments-and-national-security-exceptions-in-international-investment-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Assessment of Environmental Implications of Rapid Population Growth on Land Use Dynamics: A Case Study of Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Obenade">Moses Obenade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20U.%20Okeke"> Henry U. Okeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20I.%20Okpiliya"> Francis I. Okpiliya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20J.%20Aniah"> Eugene J. Aniah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population growth in Eleme has been rapid over the past 75 years with its attendant pressure on the natural resources of the area. Between 1937 and 2006 the population of Eleme grew from 2,528 to 190,194 and is projected to be above 265,707 in 2016 based on an annual growth rate of 3.4%. Using the combined technologies of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and Demography techniques as its methodology, this paper examines the environmental implications of rapid population growth on land use dynamics in Eleme between 1986 and 2015. The study reveals that between 1986 and 2006, Built-up area and Farmland increased by 72.67 and 12.77% respectively, while light and thick vegetation recorded a decrease of -6.92 and -61.64% respectively. Water body remains fairly constant with minimal changes. Also, between 2006 and 2015 covering a period of 9 years, Built-up area further increased by 53% with an annual growth rate of 2.32 km2 gaining more land area on the detriment of other land uses. Built-up area has an annual growth rate of 2.32km2 and is expected to increase from 18.67km2 in 2006 to 41.87km2 in 2016.The observed Land used/Land cover dynamics is derived by the demographic characteristics of the Study area. Eleme has a total area of 138km2 out of which the Federal Government of Nigeria compulsorily acquired an estimated area of 59.34km2 for industrial purposes excluding acquisitions by the Rivers State Government. It is evident from the findings of this study that the carrying capacity of Eleme ecosystem is under threat due to the current population growth and land consumption rates. Therefore, measures such as use of appropriate technologies in farming techniques, waste management; investment in family planning and female empowerment, maternal health and education, afforestation programs; and amendment of Land Use Act of 1978 are recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20growth" title="population growth">population growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleme" title=" Eleme"> Eleme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title=" land use"> land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20and%20remote%20sensing" title=" GIS and remote sensing"> GIS and remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40614/assessment-of-environmental-implications-of-rapid-population-growth-on-land-use-dynamics-a-case-study-of-eleme-local-government-area-rivers-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisitions&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div 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