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id="toc-Transition_into_Reform_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_into_Reform_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Transition into Reform UK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_into_Reform_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developments_prior_to_the_2024_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments_prior_to_the_2024_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Developments prior to the 2024 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developments_prior_to_the_2024_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-2024_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-2024_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Post-2024 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-2024_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Representation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Representation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Representation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Commons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Commons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 House of Commons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Commons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 London Assembly </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senedd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senedd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Senedd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senedd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scottish_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scottish_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Scottish Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scottish_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ideology and platform </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_platform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ideology and platform subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2019_European_Parliament_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_European_Parliament_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2019 European Parliament election platform as the Brexit Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_European_Parliament_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_UK_general_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_UK_general_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2019 UK general election platform as the Brexit Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_UK_general_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–2024_as_Reform_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–2024_as_Reform_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2020–2024 as Reform UK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–2024_as_Reform_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2024_UK_general_election_platform_as_Reform_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_UK_general_election_platform_as_Reform_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 2024 UK general election platform as Reform UK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_UK_general_election_platform_as_Reform_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Funding and structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Leadership </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Leadership subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frontbench_as_the_Brexit_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frontbench_as_the_Brexit_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Frontbench as the Brexit Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frontbench_as_the_Brexit_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frontbench_as_Reform_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frontbench_as_Reform_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Frontbench as Reform UK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frontbench_as_Reform_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Elections </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Elections subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2019_European_Parliament_election_as_the_Brexit_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_European_Parliament_election_as_the_Brexit_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 2019 European Parliament election as the Brexit Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_European_Parliament_election_as_the_Brexit_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 2019 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 2024 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senedd_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senedd_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Senedd elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senedd_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scottish_Parliament_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scottish_Parliament_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Scottish Parliament elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scottish_Parliament_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 London Assembly elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" > 29 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="إصلاح المملكة المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إصلاح المملكة المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87" title="রিফর্ম ইউকে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিফর্ম ইউকে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="رفرم یوکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رفرم یوکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irt%C3%AD_an_Athch%C3%B3irithe_(An_R%C3%ADocht_Aontaithe)" title="Páirtí an Athchóirithe (An Ríocht Aontaithe) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páirtí an Athchóirithe (An Ríocht Aontaithe)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81_UK" title="개혁 UK – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개혁 UK" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0UK" title="リフォームUK – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リフォームUK" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Реформировать Соединённое Королевство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Реформировать Соединённое Королевство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D0%9A" title="Реформ УК – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реформ УК" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="พรรคปฎิรูปสหราชอาณาจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคปฎิรูปสหราชอาณาจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reform UK" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Right-wing political party in the United Kingdom</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Reform_(think_tank)" title="Reform (think tank)">Reform (think tank)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #12B6CF; border-bottom:2px solid #12B6CF; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Reform UK</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg/180px-Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg/270px-Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg/360px-Logo_of_the_Reform_UK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Reform_UK" title="Leader of Reform UK">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_Reform_UK" title="Chief Whip of Reform UK">Chief Whip</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Lee Anderson (British politician)">Lee Anderson</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Commons</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_Reform_UK" title="Chairman of Reform UK">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ziauddin_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ziauddin Yusuf">Muhammad Ziauddin Yusuf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Nigel Farage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blaiklock" title="Catherine Blaiklock">Catherine Blaiklock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">23 November 2018; 6 years ago (2018-11-23) as the Brexit Party</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">124 <a href="/wiki/City_Road" title="City Road">City Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, EC1V 2NX<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolved branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Reform UK Scotland Reform UK Wales</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(November 2024)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 100,000+<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Euroscepticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard Euroscepticism">Hard Euroscepticism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a><a href="#cite_note-Politico,_April_2023-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Affiliates</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Derby" title="Reform Derby">Reform Derby</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Bolton for Change<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Northern Irish affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_UK%E2%80%93TUV_alliance" title="Reform UK–TUV alliance">Reform UK–TUV alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Turquoise and white</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Family, Community, Country<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">5 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0.8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 805<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 25<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 129<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors" class="mw-redirect" title="Directly elected mayors">Directly elected mayors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 14<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Councillors</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">43 / 18,725<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0.2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png/75px-Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png/113px-Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png/150px-Reform_UK_Party_Ballot_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reformparty.uk">reformparty.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #12B6CF;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Reform UK, colloquially known as Reform, is a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a> political party in the United Kingdom. <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> has served as the party's leader since June 2024 and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> has served as the party's deputy leader since July 2024. The party currently has five <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">members of Parliament</a> (MPs) in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> and one member of the <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a>. The party also holds representation at the local government level, with most of its local councillors having defected from the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> to Reform UK.<a href="#cite_note-Tory_to_Reform-8">[8]</a> Following Farage's resumption of the leadership during the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, there was a sharp increase in support for the party. In the election it was the third largest party by popular vote, with 14.3 per cent of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-meet-9">[9]</a> Founded in November 2018 as the Brexit Party, advocating a <a href="/wiki/No-deal_Brexit" title="No-deal Brexit">no-deal Brexit</a>, it won the most seats at the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European Parliament election in the UK</a>, but did not win any seats at the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>. The UK <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">withdrew</a> from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) in January 2020. A year later, in January 2021, the party was renamed Reform UK.<a href="#cite_note-registration1-10">[10]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a> the party advocated against further <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">lockdowns</a>. Since 2022, it has campaigned on a broader platform, in particular pledging to reduce immigration to the UK, supporting low taxation, and opposing net zero emissions.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-John_Curtice,_2024-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Farage, who owns 60% of Reform UK Party Ltd, had been the leader of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> (UKIP), a right-wing populist and <a href="/wiki/Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a> party, in the first half of the 2010s, and returned to frontline politics as leader of the Brexit Party during the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit process">Brexit process</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU membership referendum</a>, which had been called partly in response to UKIP's influence.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The party won 29 seats at the May 2019 European Parliament election, which was the best result for any single party in the 9th European Parliament. The Brexit Party campaigned for a <a href="/wiki/No-deal_Brexit" title="No-deal Brexit">no-deal Brexit</a> and there were high-profile defections to it from the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annunziata_Rees-Mogg" title="Annunziata Rees-Mogg">Annunziata Rees-Mogg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s election as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">leader of the Conservative Party</a>, Farage offered him an electoral pact at the 2019 general election, which Johnson rejected. The Brexit Party decided unilaterally not to stand candidates against sitting Conservative MPs. By May 2020, the British exit from the EU having taken place, the party focused on the reformation of British democracy and a name change from Brexit Party to Reform Party was proposed.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> began in the UK in 2020, and the Conservative government imposed a series of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">national lockdowns</a>. Farage rebranded the party as Reform UK around the end of the year and focused on <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">anti-lockdown</a> campaigning.<a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-21">[21]</a> Farage stepped down as leader in March 2021 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a>. In March 2024 <a href="/wiki/Lee_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Lee Anderson (British politician)">Lee Anderson</a>, who was elected in 2019 as a Conservative MP, defected to Reform UK, becoming the party's first <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> On 3 June 2024, Tice announced that Farage would become leader once more, with Tice continuing as chairman.<a href="#cite_note-:8-23">[23]</a> The party won 5 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a> – the first time that Reform UK had MPs elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brexit_Party">Brexit Party</h3></div> The incorporation of the Brexit Party <a href="/wiki/Private_company_limited_by_shares" title="Private company limited by shares">Limited</a> in November 2018<a href="#cite_note-Company-24">[24]</a> was formally announced on 20 January 2019 by former UKIP economics spokesperson<a href="#cite_note-ukip1-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blaiklock" title="Catherine Blaiklock">Catherine Blaiklock</a>, who served as the party's initial leader.<a href="#cite_note-independent-26">[26]</a> On 5 February 2019, it was registered with the United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a> to run candidates in any English, Scottish, Welsh and European Union elections.<a href="#cite_note-electoralcommission.org.uk-27">[27]</a> On the day of the announcement, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, who had been an independent MEP since his departure from UKIP in early December 2018, said that the party was Blaiklock's idea, but that she had acted with his full support.<a href="#cite_note-independent-26">[26]</a> On 8 February 2019, Farage stated he would stand as a candidate for the party in any potential <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">future European Parliament elections</a> contested in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> MEPs <a href="/wiki/Steven_Woolfe" title="Steven Woolfe">Steven Woolfe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a>, also formerly of UKIP, stated that they would also stand for the party,<a href="#cite_note-Newsnight-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> though Woolfe was subsequently not permitted to do so.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 1 February 2019, Blaiklock told <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> the party had raised <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>1 million in donations, and that over 200 people had come forward offering to stand for the Brexit Party at the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">May 2019 European Parliament election</a>, if the United Kingdom had not left the European Union by then.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Blaiklock resigned as party leader on 20 March 2019 over since-deleted anti-Islam messages on Twitter, including re-tweeting messages by far-right figures <a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a>, for which she apologised.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianMarch2019-33">[33]</a> Farage said that he would take over as leader, that Blaiklock was "never intended to be the long-term leader"<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and that the party "is at the moment a virtual party – it's a website".<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> On the party's launch on 12 April, asked about issues with Blaiklock, Farage said: "I set the party up, she was the administrator that got it set up. We had a couple of teething problems, yes, but are we going to be deeply intolerant of all forms of intolerance? Yes."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-36">[36]</a> In April 2019, the party's treasurer Michael McGough was removed from his position after <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> uncovered antisemitic and homophobic social media comments he had posted in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The party's lead aim was for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, and then for Britain to trade internationally on World Trade Organization terms.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-38">[38]</a> In April 2019, Farage said that there was "no difference between the Brexit party and UKIP in terms of policy, [but] in terms of personnel, there's a vast difference", criticising UKIP's connections to the far right. He also said that the party aimed to attract support from "across the board", including former UKIP voters and Conservative and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> voters who had supported Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-36">[36]</a> Later in the month he said that the party would not publish a manifesto until after the European elections had taken place,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> saying that the party would have a policy platform instead of a manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In May 2019, Farage described his admiration for how fellow <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> members, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">Five Star Movement</a>, had managed to grow from a protest group into the country's largest political party in both houses of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a>. He saw the Brexit Party doing the same kind of thing and "running a company, not a political party, hence our model of registered supporters" and building a base using an online platform.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> On 22 November 2019, the Brexit Party set out its proposals for the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 UK general election</a>. They covered a wide range of policy areas including taxation, reforming politics, immigration and the environment.<a href="#cite_note-:1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-43">[43]</a> The party received two percent of the vote in the election, with none of its 273 candidates winning a seat.<a href="#cite_note-killed-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_into_Reform_UK">Transition into Reform UK</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Former party leader <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a></figcaption></figure> Before the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">general election</a> on 8 December 2019, the party's leader Nigel Farage announced that, following Brexit, the party would change its name to the "Reform Party", and campaign for changes in the electoral system and structure of the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Italexit_(political_party)" title="Italexit (political party)">Italexit</a>, a Eurosceptic party inspired by the Brexit Party, was founded in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In November 2020, Farage and Tice announced that they had applied to the Electoral Commission to rename the Brexit Party to 'Reform UK'. They said that the party would campaign on a platform that was opposed to further <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">COVID-19 lockdowns</a> (due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a>) and that it would seek to reform aspects of UK Governance, including the BBC and House of Lords.<a href="#cite_note-:5-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-21">[21]</a> The party also gave its support to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> On 4 January 2021, the party's name change to Reform UK was approved by the Electoral Commission.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In 2021, Reform UK gained representation in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> when former Conservative and then independent MSP <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ballantyne" title="Michelle Ballantyne">Michelle Ballantyne</a> joined the party and was named Reform UK's leader in Holyrood.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> She lost her and the party's only seat in Scotland in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021 Scottish Parliament election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-National_Feb_2022-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herald_Feb_2022-51">[51]</a> and resigned as the party's leader in Scotland in February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-National_Feb_2022-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herald_Feb_2022-51">[51]</a> Farage stepped down as leader in March 2021, being replaced by party chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a> MEP <a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(television_presenter)" title="David Bull (television presenter)">David Bull</a> was appointed as deputy leader of the party on 11 March 2021.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> On 26 March 2021, it was announced that former Brexit Party MEP <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> had become the Leader of Reform UK Wales.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 2021, Reform UK announced its intention to field a full slate of candidates in the <a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> elections with leader Richard Tice standing for election in the latter.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> However, the party did not nominate a candidate for London Mayor after making a pact with <a href="/wiki/Reclaim_Party" title="Reclaim Party">Reclaim Party</a> leader and actor <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Fox" title="Laurence Fox">Laurence Fox</a>. Fox finished sixth in the mayoral election with less than 2% of the votes.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The party failed to win any seats above local level in the 2021 elections in May, and lost their deposit in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Hartlepool_by-election" title="2021 Hartlepool by-election">Hartlepool by-election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">Senedd election</a>, the party fielded a full slate of candidates in every constituency and on the regional lists, but picked up just 1.6% of the constituency vote (7th place) and 1.1% of the regional list votes (8th place).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">Scottish Parliament election</a>, no constituency candidates were fielded and the party received only 5,793 list votes across the whole country.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_London_Assembly_election" title="2021 London Assembly election">London Assembly election</a>, none of their constituency candidates were elected and the party finished tenth on the London-wide list with 25,009 votes.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments_prior_to_the_2024_general_election">Developments prior to the 2024 general election</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Current party leader <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></figcaption></figure> In October 2022, Reform UK and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic Party</a> (SDP) announced an electoral pact.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Richard Tice declared Reform's intention to stand in 630 constituencies across England, Scotland and Wales with "no ifs, no buts".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In December 2022, David White, a Conservative member of <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council</a>, and Richard Langridge, a Conservative member of <a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire District Council</a>, both defected to Reform UK to stand as <a href="/wiki/Prospective_parliamentary_candidate" title="Prospective parliamentary candidate">prospective parliamentary candidates</a> for the party.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The media gave renewed attention to Reform UK in December 2022 during the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%93present_United_Kingdom_cost-of-living_crisis" title="2021–present United Kingdom cost-of-living crisis">cost-of-living crisis</a> after Farage announced that it would stand a full slate of candidates at the next general election.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Tice remained leader of the party. After some opinion polls indicated a modest increase in support for Reform UK, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> described the party as a "threat on the Right" to the Conservative government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On the weekend of 7 and 8 October 2023, Reform UK held its party conference in London with 1,100 attendees.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On 20 October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> confirmed that Reform UK would stand in Conservative seats at the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Telegraph,_20_October_2023-75">[75]</a> and by January 2024, the party was polling around 10% of the popular vote. It was suggested that Reform UK would play the role of <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiler party</a> for the Conservatives, since it attracted former Tory voters. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> speculated that votes for the party could lead to more than 30 additional seat losses for the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In Northern Ireland, in March 2024, the party formed an <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK%E2%80%93TUV_alliance" title="Reform UK–TUV alliance">electoral pact</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (TUV), in which the two parties would stand mutually agreed candidates there.<a href="#cite_note-TUV-77">[77]</a> In April 2024, it was reported that the Reform Party had expelled a number of prospective candidates for making embarrassing public statements. Richard Tice said that "every party has their share frankly of muppets and morons".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In March, Beau Dade, the prospective candidate in <a href="/wiki/Swindon_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Swindon South (UK Parliament constituency)">South Swindon</a>, was dismissed by the party after it emerged that he had written an article saying, "The end game is to be in a position where it is possible to <a href="/wiki/Remigration" title="Remigration">re-migrate</a> hundreds of thousands – perhaps millions – of people back to their countries of origin... This is just one more unfortunate horror which the leftists and globalists and traitors have forced upon us."<a href="#cite_note-DadeReform-80">[80]</a> A spokesman for Reform UK said that it had "acted quickly" in sacking Dade, and that the party did not want to be represented by someone with his views.<a href="#cite_note-DadeReform-80">[80]</a> Two parliamentary candidates were dropped in April 2024 for comments made on social media in 2019–21. Jonathan Kay, who was set to stand in <a href="/wiki/South_Ribble_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Ribble (UK Parliament constituency)">South Ribble</a>, had tweeted in 2019 that the average IQ of Africans was "among the lowest in the world".<a href="#cite_note-ReformApril2024-81">[81]</a> Mick Greenhough, who was to stand in <a href="/wiki/Orpington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Orpington (UK Parliament constituency)">Orpington</a>, tweeted in 2019 that, "Most Jews are reasonable people. Their problem is the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> who have caused the world massive misery."<a href="#cite_note-Reform2April2024-82">[82]</a> Greenhough also claimed that the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a> was "a Jew and closer to Cultural Marxism than Christianity."<a href="#cite_note-Reform2April2024-82">[82]</a> A spokesman for Reform said that, while the party defended its "candidates' right to freedom of speech", they "act fast when we find that individuals' statements fall beneath our standards."<a href="#cite_note-ReformApril2024-81">[81]</a> Reform UK gave its support to parliamentary candidates in the 2024 UK general election that spread online conspiracy theories.<a href="#cite_note-Conspiracy_theories-83">[83]</a> Conspiracy theories that have been promoted by its candidates include calling the climate crisis "make-believe", anti-vaccine conspiracies, denying the existence of <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">chemtrail conspiracy theory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Conspiracy_theories-83">[83]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Wilson_(British_politician)" title="Alex Wilson (British politician)">Alex Wilson</a> became Reform's first London Assembly member, elected via the Londonwide voting system.<a href="#cite_note-London_Elects_2024-84">[84]</a> On 3 June 2024, Farage replaced Tice as leader of the party.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> It gained five MPs in England in the July <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-meet-9">[9]</a> and its Northern Irish affiliate TUV gaining one seat in the form of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Allister" title="Jim Allister">Jim Allister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-2024_general_election">Post-2024 general election</h3></div> Following the election, on 11 July, the multi-millionaire businessman <a href="/wiki/Zia_Yusuf" title="Zia Yusuf">Zia Yusuf</a> replaced the multi-millionaire businessman Richard Tice as chairman of the party, with Tice, now an MP, replacing Ben Habib as deputy leader.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-YahooTel-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The party plans to stand in the <a href="/wiki/2026_Scottish_Parliament_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2026 Scottish Parliament election">2026 Scottish Parliament election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> and expects to win significantly in the <a href="/wiki/Next_Senedd_election" title="Next Senedd election">2026 Senedd election</a> in Wales, under the <a href="/wiki/Senedd_Reform_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Senedd Reform Act">new more proportional system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In September 2024, Farage said that he will be surrendering all of his shares in Reform UK. This means members will have more control over the party, such as being able to vote on a constitution and motions and can remove Farage as leader if over 50% of members write to Reform UK chairmen Zia Yusuf.<a href="#cite_note-members-92">[92]</a> In October 2024, Farage called for Conservative Party councillors to join Reform UK and said "a huge number of them genuinely agree with us and what we stand for".<a href="#cite_note-Tory_councillors-93">[93]</a> In November 2024, it was reported that senior members of the party were divided about supporters of the far-right activist <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a>, with two of party's parliamentary candidates expressing sympathy for some of the supporters of Robinson who took part in August's anti-immigration protests, in the face of objections from Tice and Farage.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> There has also been division among party MP's on the <a href="/wiki/Terminally_Ill_Adults_(End_of_Life)_Bill" title="Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill">assisted suicide bill</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Tice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Anderson" class="mw-disambig" title="Lee Anderson">Anderson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Lowe</a> supporting the bill in its second reading, whilst <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_McMurdock" title="James McMurdock">McMurdock</a> opposed it.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation">Representation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Commons">House of Commons</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Reform_UK_MPs" title="List of Reform UK MPs">List of Reform UK MPs</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Lee Anderson (British politician)">Lee Anderson</a>, elected as the Conservative Party MP for <a href="/wiki/Ashfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ashfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Ashfield</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>, defected to Reform UK in March 2024, giving the party its first MP.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> He was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a> and joined by <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Rupert Lowe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_McMurdock" title="James McMurdock">James McMurdock</a>, representing <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Skegness_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Boston and Skegness (UK Parliament constituency)">Boston and Skegness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Great Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency)">Great Yarmouth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Basildon_and_East_Thurrock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Basildon and East Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)">South Basildon and East Thurrock</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3></div> In February 2019, nine MEPs, who had left UKIP in opposition to <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a>'s leadership, joined the party;<a href="#cite_note-Newsnight-30">[30]</a> by mid-April 2019, the number had increased to 14, all being members of the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> (EFDD) group in the European Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-europarl-100">[100]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>MEPs who joined the Brexit Party after foundation </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>First elected </th> <th>Joined </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>5 February 2019 (2019-02-05) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Coburn_(politician)" title="David Coburn (politician)">David Coburn </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>12 February 2019 (2019-02-12) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>10 June 1999 </td> <td>12 February 2019 (2019-02-12) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>12 February 2019 (2019-02-12) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Julia_Reid" title="Julia Reid">Julia Reid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>12 February 2019 (2019-02-12) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Aker" title="Tim Aker">Tim Aker</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>13 February 2019 (2019-02-13) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </td> <td>28 July 2017 </td> <td>13 February 2019 (2019-02-13) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>13 February 2019 (2019-02-13) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a> </td> <td>14 July 2009 </td> <td>15 February 2019 (2019-02-15) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jill_Seymour" title="Jill Seymour">Jill Seymour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>15 April 2019 (2019-04-15) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>15 April 2019 (2019-04-15) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>15 April 2019 (2019-04-15) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arnott" title="Jonathan Arnott">Jonathan Arnott</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East England (European Parliament constituency)">North East England</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>17 April 2019 (2019-04-17) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ray_Finch" title="Ray Finch">Ray Finch</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td> <td>17 April 2019 (2019-04-17) </td></tr></tbody></table> Only three of these incumbent MEPs − Farage, Gill and Bullock − were selected to stand for the Brexit Party in the 2019 election,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> which took place on 23 May 2019. 29 Brexit Party MEPs were elected to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> and former Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a> kept their seats.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> BBC News described the Brexit Party, which gained 31.6% of the vote in the UK, as "the clear winner in the UK's European elections."<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Brexit Party MEPs were not members of a group in the Parliament. MEP <a href="/wiki/Andrew_England_Kerr" title="Andrew England Kerr">Andrew England Kerr</a> was expelled from the party on 29 September 2019 over a potential conflict of interest. Farage explained that England Kerr made "comments about a business and a product that he has a direct financial investment in and we think that is unacceptable."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> MEP <a href="/wiki/Louis_Stedman-Bryce" title="Louis Stedman-Bryce">Louis Stedman-Bryce</a> resigned on 19 November 2019 in response to "The Brexit Party’s recent decision to select a Scottish candidate who has openly posted homophobic views".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_Assembly">London Assembly</h3></div> Reform UK's <a href="/wiki/Alex_Wilson_(British_politician)" title="Alex Wilson (British politician)">Alex Wilson</a> stood as a London-wide candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2024_London_Assembly_election" title="2024 London Assembly election">2024 London Assembly election</a>, earning Reform UK one seat in the London-wide assembly.<a href="#cite_note-London_Elects_2024-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senedd">Senedd</h3></div> On 15 May 2019, four Members originally elected or co-opted for UKIP (<a href="/wiki/Caroline_Jones_(politician)" title="Caroline Jones (politician)">Caroline Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandy_Jones_(politician)" title="Mandy Jones (politician)">Mandy Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rowlands_(Welsh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Rowlands (Welsh politician)">David Rowlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a>) joined the Brexit Party,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> with Reckless being appointed as leader of their group,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> which was known as Plaid Brexit in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In May 2020, Reckless said that Nigel Farage is "consulted over key decisions... but he doesn't micro-manage us here," and that in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021 Senedd election</a> it would campaign to scrap the current system of devolution and replace it with a directly elected first minister accountable to Welsh MPs.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> This policy announcement triggered the departure from the party's group in the Senedd of both Jones's and David Rowlands. They formed a new members group, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Independent Alliance for Reform">Independent Alliance for Reform</a>, which sought to reform rather than abolish the Senedd.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-111">[111]</a> The remaining Brexit Party Senedd group member, Mark Reckless, left to join the <a href="/wiki/Abolish_the_Welsh_Assembly_Party" title="Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party">Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The Brexit Party contested the <a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021 Senedd election</a> on a platform of ending lockdowns, investing in the NHS, giving parents greater control over education, building the <a href="/wiki/M4_relief_road" title="M4 relief road">M4 relief road</a>, and cutting local government,<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> but did not win any seats.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scottish_Parliament">Scottish Parliament</h3></div> On 11 January 2021, independent MSP <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ballantyne" title="Michelle Ballantyne">Michelle Ballantyne</a> joined Reform UK. She first sat as a Conservative but left the party in 2020 over opposition to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> lockdown restrictions,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> continuing to sit as an independent until January 2021 when she joined the party in Scotland and was appointed leader there.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Ballantyne continued to sit with the party until the <a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021 Scottish Parliament election</a> in May, when she lost her seat to a candidate from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a>. She resigned as the party's leader in Scotland in February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-National_Feb_2022-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herald_Feb_2022-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3></div> As of March 2024, two thirds of Reform UK's local councillors were elected for the Conservative Party who defected over to Reform UK.<a href="#cite_note-Tory_to_Reform-8">[8]</a> In October 2024, Farage called on Conservative Party councillors to join Reform UK, saying that he was contacting over a thousand of them and that "a huge number of them genuinely agree with us and what we stand for".<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Reform won a by-election in the Marton ward of Blackpool Council on 3 October 2024, with its vote share rising from 9.5% secured at the last election in 2023 to 38.8% <a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In October 2024 two <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Conservative Party">Scottish Conservative Party</a> councillors serving on <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire_Council" title="Aberdeenshire Council">Aberdeenshire Council</a> defected to the party and became Reform UK's first local representatives in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_platform">Ideology and platform</h2></div> The British politics professor <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Goodwin" title="Matthew Goodwin">Matthew Goodwin</a> described the party as national populists,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> while Goodwin and others have also described the Brexit Party as <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TournierSol2021-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-CombeiReggi2024-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-ColeStaffordHeinz2022-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> right-wing <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lockard2020-128">[128]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">radical right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Webb2024-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Graef2022-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waring2021-131">[131]</a> Farage said in May 2024 that Reform UK is becoming a "brand new Conservative movement".<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In January 2024, the French newspaper <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> described Reform UK as a <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> party.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> also called the party far-right but soon retracted its statement and apologised to Reform UK, writing that describing the party as far-right "fell short of our usual editorial standards".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Commenting on the incident, political scientist <a href="/wiki/Tim_Bale" title="Tim Bale">Tim Bale</a> wrote that labelling Reform UK as far-right is unhelpful, and that it "causes too visceral a reaction and at the same time is too broad to be meaningful". Bale noted the importance of distinguishing between the "<a href="/wiki/Extreme_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme right">extreme right</a>" and "populist radical right".<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Reform UK itself rejects the descriptor, and has threatened legal action against media using it.<a href="#cite_note-Naughtie_2024_h130-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_European_Parliament_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party">2019 European Parliament election platform as the Brexit Party</h3></div> The party's constitution was published by the Electoral Commission as a result of a freedom of information request in May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> It described the party as seeking to "promote and encourage those who aspire to improve their personal situation and those who seek to be self-reliant, whilst providing protection for those genuinely in need; favour the ability of individuals to make decisions in respect of themselves; seek to diminish the role of the State; lower the burden of taxation on individuals and businesses."<a href="#cite_note-politico-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">SDP</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">Patrick O'Flynn</a>, who was elected as a UKIP MEP under Farage's leadership and supported the Brexit Party in the 2019 European elections, commented on the constitution's description of the party as following <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> and described them as having a <a href="/wiki/Thatcherite" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatcherite">Thatcherite</a> ideological core.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Glancy" title="James Glancy">James Glancy</a>, one of the party's MEPs, has compared the party to the <a href="/wiki/Referendum_Party" title="Referendum Party">Referendum Party</a>, being a "united and diverse group of people from different political backgrounds".<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The party's first non-Brexit-related policy was announced on 4 June 2019: a proposition to transform <a href="/wiki/British_Steel_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="British Steel Limited">British Steel</a> into a partly <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker-owned</a> company, in what was described as "a hybrid of Conservative and Labour policy".<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The party also supported cutting Britain's foreign aid budget, scrapping the proposed <a href="/wiki/HS2" class="mw-redirect" title="HS2">HS2</a> project and introducing free WiFi on all British public transport.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The party also said it would scrap all interest paid on student tuition fees, reimburse graduates for historic interest payments made on their loans,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> and pledged to abolish <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In July 2019, the Brexit Party signed a cross-party declaration alongside the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>, calling for <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> to be replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional system</a> for Westminster elections.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_UK_general_election_platform_as_the_Brexit_Party">2019 UK general election platform as the Brexit Party</h3></div> On 22 November 2019, the Brexit Party set out its policy proposals for the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 UK general election</a>. Its key policies for the election included:<a href="#cite_note-:1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-43">[43]</a> <ul><li>No extension to the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Brexit transition</a> period</li> <li>No privatisation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">NHS</a></li> <li>Reducing immigration</li> <li>Cutting <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Value-added tax in the United Kingdom">VAT</a> on domestic fuel</li> <li>Banning the UK exporting its waste</li> <li>Providing free <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> in deprived regions</li> <li>Scrapping the <a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom">television licence</a> fee</li> <li>Abolishing <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Inheritance tax in the United Kingdom">inheritance tax</a></li> <li>Scrapping <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_2" title="High Speed 2">High Speed 2</a> (HS2)</li> <li>Abolishing interest on <a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">student loans</a></li> <li>Changing planning to help house building</li> <li>Reforming the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">Reform the voting system</a> to make it more representative</li> <li>Abolish the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li> <li>Making MPs who switch parties subject to recall petitions</li> <li>Reform the postal voting system to combat fraud</li> <li>Introduce <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">Citizens’ Initiatives</a> to allow people to call <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">referendums</a>, subject to a 5 million threshold of registered voter signatures and time limitations on repeat votes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–2024_as_Reform_UK">2020–2024 as Reform UK</h3></div> Following the UK's departure from the European Union on 31 January 2020 Farage sought a new right-wing populist project for the party under its new name of Reform UK, opposing further COVID-19 restrictions, paralleling right-wing populist anti-lockdown sentiments in other countries.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In October 2021, at the party conference, leader Richard Tice criticised the Conservative Party as a party of "high tax". He said that his party would stand on a low-tax and low-regulation platform. The party supports raising the threshold at which people start paying income tax from £12,500 to £20,000, and exempting the smallest businesses from corporation tax. He also criticised the Conservative Party's plans to decarbonise the economy, saying that the UK should instead focus on exploiting reserves of shale gas. Tice has also said that <a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">net zero</a> is an "absurdity" and "the greatest act of financial self-harm ever imposed on a country" that will "achieve nothing".<a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Telegraph,_20_October_2023-75">[75]</a> He has said that energy companies should be owned by the government or British pension funds to stop profits going abroad.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_UK_general_election_platform_as_Reform_UK">2024 UK general election platform as Reform UK</h4></div> On 17 June 2024, Reform UK launched their manifesto - which they described as a contract - with Farage presenting it during an interview. The policy proposals include: <ul><li>Tax cuts, including: raising the minimum threshold of <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">income tax</a> to £20,000, raising the higher rate threshold from £50,271 to £70,000,<a href="#cite_note-Sky_News,_June_2024-149">[149]</a> abolishing <a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Stamp duty in the United Kingdom">stamp duty</a> for properties below £750,000, and abolishing <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Inheritance tax in the United Kingdom">taxes on inheritances</a> below £2 million.<a href="#cite_note-ITVrun-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCrun-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Reducing legal immigration by freezing "non-essential" immigration, and eliminating <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a> by ending the settlement of any illegal immigrants, returning migrants who arrive on boats <a href="/wiki/English_Channel_migrant_crossings_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="English Channel migrant crossings (2018–present)">crossing the English Channel</a> back to France. To encourage companies to employ British workers, they would raise employers <a href="/wiki/National_Insurance" title="National Insurance">National Insurance</a> to 20% for foreign workers.<a href="#cite_note-ITVrun-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCrun-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Scrapping and rejecting <a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">net zero</a> as "the greatest act of negligence". Reform UK wants to increase drilling for gas and oil, seeing their expansion as growth opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-Sky_News,_Reform_UK_policies-152">[152]</a> It would also "fast-track" clean <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a> and shale gas licences.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph,_Reform_UK_policies-153">[153]</a> It pledges to support the environment with tree planting, recycling and less single use plastics.<a href="#cite_note-BBCrun-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCrunS-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-LGCrun-155">[155]</a></li> <li>Eradicating waiting lists within two years by giving the NHS an extra £17bn a year and increasing the use of the private sector in the NHS, giving tax breaks to nurses and doctors to increase their number, and other measures including less tax for private healthcare and insurance, offering vouchers for private healthcare and looking to France's insurance-based health model.<a href="#cite_note-BBCrun-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITVrun-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sky_News,_Reform_UK_policies-152">[152]</a></li> <li>Increasing the number of police officers by 40,000 in five years, "clamp down on all crime and antisocial behaviour", by instituting <a href="/wiki/Zero_tolerance" title="Zero tolerance">zero tolerance</a> policing.<a href="#cite_note-STDrun-156">[156]</a></li> <li>Introducing a "patriotic curriculum" in schools, such that, for example, where imperialism or slavery is covered, examples are also given of non-European instances. "<a href="/wiki/Transgender_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender ideology">Transgender ideology</a>" would be banned, no gender questioning, social transitioning or pronoun swapping would be allowed in schools, universities would have to offer two-year courses to reduce student debt.<a href="#cite_note-ITVrun-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCrun-151">[151]</a> Scrap interest on <a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">student loans</a> and extend the loan capital repayment periods to 45 years.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Encouraging the use of private schools via a 20% tax relief on private schooling.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li>Increasing defence spending to 2.5% of GDP in three years, and then to 3% over the following three. 30,000 additional people would be <a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">recruited to join the army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STDrun-156">[156]</a></li> <li>Scrapping HS2, saving, it says, £25bn. <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Low_Emission_Zone" title="Ultra Low Emission Zone">ULEZ</a> and Low Traffic Neighbourhoods would be banned. <a href="/wiki/National_Infrastructure_Commission" title="National Infrastructure Commission">National Infrastructure Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/UK_Infrastructure_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Infrastructure Bank">Infrastructure Bank</a> merged. Focus on new rail and road infrastructure in coastal regions, Wales, the North and the Midlands.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Public utilities</a> and critical infrastructure would come under 50% <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">public ownership</a>, the other 50% being owned by UK <a href="/wiki/Pension_funds" class="mw-redirect" title="Pension funds">pension funds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LGCrun-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-STDrun-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li>Increasing the farming budget to £3bn, focus on small farms, bring young people into farming.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>Stopping EU fleets taking British fishing quotas, ban massive supertrawlers, and other fisheries measures.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li>Replacing the existing second chamber, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, with a more democratic smaller alternative, having a referendum on the replacement of <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> with a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li>Eliminating the <a href="/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television licensing in the United Kingdom">TV licence fee</a>, calling the BBC "institutionally biased".<a href="#cite_note-BBCrun-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Leaving the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sky_News,_Reform_UK_policies-152">[152]</a></li> <li>Leaving the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) unless it is reformed.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph,_Reform_UK_policies-153">[153]</a></li> <li>Immediately cutting the rate of corporation tax from 25% to 20% and then further reduce corporation tax to 15% in the third year of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-IFS-165">[165]</a></li> <li>£150 billion per year in spending reductions, including public services and working-age benefits.<a href="#cite_note-IFS-165">[165]</a></li></ul> Reform UK says that the total cost of its manifesto would be £140 billion but say that they would raise £150 billion. According to Reform UK, this money would be raised from the scrapping of <a href="/wiki/Net_zero_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero emissions">net zero</a> subsidies, the ending of payments of interest on <a href="/wiki/Quantitative_easing" title="Quantitative easing">quantitive easing</a> reserves to banks, the halving of foreign aid, cuts to working age benefits and other public spending reductions.<a href="#cite_note-IFS-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph,_Reform_UK_policies-153">[153]</a> The party says that it would "cut bureaucracy […] without touching frontline services,"<a href="#cite_note-LGCrun-155">[155]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Fiscal_Studies" title="Institute for Fiscal Studies">Institute for Fiscal Studies</a> says that the savings required "would almost certainly require substantial cuts to the quantity or quality of public services."<a href="#cite_note-IFS-165">[165]</a> Analysis has found that Reform UK's tax plans disproportionately benefit high earners.<a href="#cite_note-Sky_News,_June_2024-149">[149]</a> Reform UK wants to raise the higher rate threshold of tax from £50,271 to £70,000, which would result in a tax cut of close to £6,000 for the top 10% of earners and far outweigh any benefit to the lowest earners.<a href="#cite_note-Sky_News,_June_2024-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding_and_structure">Funding and structure</h2></div> In its early days, The Brexit Party officially had three members, who were Farage, Tracey Knowles and Mehrtash A’Zami. The party opted for signing up registered supporters rather than members. The party structure was criticised for not providing the party's over 115,000 paying registered supporters<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> with any voting power to influence party policy;<a href="#cite_note-business-structure-167">[167]</a> Farage retained a high level of control over decision-making, including hand-picking candidates himself.<a href="#cite_note-business-structure-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Since 2021, the party has options to become a member, rather than a supporter.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The Reform Party is a limited company (the Reform UK Party Limited)<a href="#cite_note-INDY-170">[170]</a> with fifteen <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a>. Farage owned 53% of the shares in the company, giving him a controlling majority. The other shareholders were Tice, who holds about a third, and Chief Executive Paul Oakden and Party Treasurer Mehrtash A'Zami who each held less than seven percent.<a href="#cite_note-:9-171">[171]</a> In August 2024 Paul Oakden was removed and Farage took over his shares, giving him 60% ownership.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-172">[172]</a> Farage has said the party would largely be funded by small donations and that they raised "£750,000 in donations online, all in small sums of less than £500" in their first ten days. The party also accepts large donations.<a href="#cite_note-Tele001-173">[173]</a> He further said that the party would not be taking money from the key former UKIP funder <a href="/wiki/Arron_Banks" title="Arron Banks">Arron Banks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian2-174">[174]</a> Farage personally faced questions during the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 electoral campaign</a> after <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a> revealed <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage#Arron_Banks_funding" title="Nigel Farage">undeclared travel and accommodation benefits</a> provided by Banks before Farage joined the Brexit Party, and on 21 May 2019 the European Parliament formally opened an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> In response to the reporting, the Brexit Party banned Channel 4 News from its events.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In 2019, £6.4m was donated to the party by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Harborne" title="Christopher Harborne">Christopher Harborne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-eye1517-177">[177]</a> and £200,000 by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hosking" title="Jeremy Hosking">Jeremy Hosking</a>, a former donor to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tele001-173">[173]</a> 2023 donations included £200,000 from <a href="/wiki/Terence_Mordaunt" title="Terence Mordaunt">Terence Mordaunt</a>'s company First Corporate Consultants Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-Allegretti_Willoughby_2024_i732-178">[178]</a> Two days before the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European election</a>, Farage accused the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a> of "interfering in the electoral process" after the independent watchdog visited the Brexit Party headquarters for "active oversight and regulation" of party funding.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Official donations of £500 or more must be given by a "permissible donor", who should either be somebody listed on the British electoral roll or a business registered at <a href="/wiki/Companies_House" title="Companies House">Companies House</a> and operating in Britain. When asked if the party took donations in foreign currency, Farage replied: "Absolutely not, we only take sterling – end of conversation." <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer">Shadow Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a> called for "a full and open and transparent, independent inquiry into the funding of Mr Farage".<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The Electoral Commission reported in July 2019 that following its visit it made recommendations to the party for more robust internal controls on permissible donations, as those in place had not been adequate, and that the party had returned a donation of £1,000 whose source could not be identified as acceptable.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> said that 80% of the party's funding, in loans and donations, came from Tice. It reported Tice as saying that the Conservatives spend £35 million annually, while Reform spends less than £1.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> During the week following the 3 June 2024 announcement of Farage's resumption of party leadership, ITV News reported that party membership increased by 50% to 45,000.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On 4 June 2024, it was reported that Reform UK had accepted "more than £2.3 million from oil and gas interests, highly polluting industries, and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">climate science deniers</a> since December 2019".<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Reform_UK" title="Leader of Reform UK">Leader of Reform UK</a></div> Reform UK has had three leaders. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blaiklock" title="Catherine Blaiklock">Catherine Blaiklock</a> was its first leader, in early 2019.<a href="#cite_note-guard-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> was leader from March 2019 until March 2021, when he resigned and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> took on the role.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> On 3 June 2024 it was announced that Tice had invited Farage to return as leader, an offer Farage accepted. <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Leader (Birth) </th> <th scope="col">Portrait </th> <th scope="col">Took office </th> <th scope="col">Left office </th> <th scope="col">Tenure length </th> <th scope="col">Deputy Leader(s) </th> <th scope="col">Chair </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blaiklock" title="Catherine Blaiklock">Catherine Blaiklock</a> (born 1963) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blank.jpg/60px-Blank.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blank.jpg/90px-Blank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blank.jpg/120px-Blank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="150" /></a> </td> <td>20 January 2019 </td> <td>20 March 2019 </td> <td>60 days </td> <td rowspan="2">Vacant </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> (2019–2024) <a href="/wiki/Zia_Yusuf" title="Zia Yusuf">Zia Yusuf</a> (2024–present) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (born 1964) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/60px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/90px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td>22 March 2019<a href="#cite_note-:0-187">[187]</a> </td> <td>6 March 2021 </td> <td>1 year and 350 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> (born 1964) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tice photographed from below" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg/60px-Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg/90px-Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Richard_Tice_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td>6 March 2021 </td> <td>3 June 2024 </td> <td>3 years and 90 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(television_presenter)" title="David Bull (television presenter)">David Bull</a> (2021–2023) <a href="/wiki/Ben_Habib" title="Ben Habib">Ben Habib</a> (2023–2024) </td></tr> <tr> <td>(2) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (born 1964) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/60px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/90px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Nigel_Farage_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td>3 June 2024<a href="#cite_note-:0-187">[187]</a> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>180 days </td> <td>Richard Tice </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_4t9lw122rvj5fjgrms9nkng0whbe66v"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" coords="904,30,1007,50" title="Richard Tice" alt="Richard Tice" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" coords="985,16,1088,37" title="Nigel Farage" alt="Nigel Farage" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Catherine_Blaiklock" coords="45,3,186,24" title="Catherine Blaiklock" alt="Catherine Blaiklock" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_4t9lw122rvj5fjgrms9nkng0whbe66v" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/4t9lw122rvj5fjgrms9nkng0whbe66v.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frontbench_as_the_Brexit_Party">Frontbench as the Brexit Party</h3></div> As well as the leader and chairman, other leadership roles were assigned to <a href="/wiki/Brian_Monteith" title="Brian Monteith">Brian Monteith</a> as Chief Whip in the European Parliament (before Brexit)<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(television_presenter)" title="David Bull (television presenter)">David Bull</a> as health spokesperson during the 2019 election.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frontbench_as_Reform_UK">Frontbench as Reform UK</h3></div> On 20 March 2023, Richard Tice, then leader, held a press conference to announce Reform UK's first frontbench team.<a href="#cite_note-spokespeople-190">[190]</a> The roles were as follows: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Portfolio </th> <th>Spokesperson </th> <th>Term </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Leader </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td>3 June 2024<a href="#cite_note-:8-23">[23]</a> – present </td> <td>MP for <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy and Foreign Policy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – present </td> <td>Also Deputy Leader and MP for <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Skegness_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Boston and Skegness (UK Parliament constituency)">Boston and Skegness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(television_presenter)" title="David Bull (television presenter)">David Bull</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – 12 July 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brexit and the Union </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ben_Habib" title="Ben Habib">Ben Habib</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – 12 July 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Immigration and Justice </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – present </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Business and Agriculture </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Rupert Lowe</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – present </td> <td>MP for <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Great Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency)">Great Yarmouth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chief Whip in the House of Commons </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Lee Anderson (British politician)">Lee Anderson</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] </td> <td>9 July 2024 – present </td> <td>MP for <a href="/wiki/Ashfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ashfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Ashfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Defence and National Security </td> <td>Frederick Chedham </td> <td>20 March 2023 – 18 June 2024<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education and the Family </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belinda_de_Lucy" title="Belinda de Lucy">Belinda de Lucy</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – 12 July 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culture </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alex_Phillips_(TV_presenter)" title="Alex Phillips (TV presenter)">Alex Phillips</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – 12 July 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fisheries </td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_Mummery" title="June Mummery">June Mummery</a> </td> <td>20 March 2023 – 12 July 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> In January 2021, former Conservative and then independent MSP <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ballantyne" title="Michelle Ballantyne">Michelle Ballantyne</a> joined the party and assumed the role of Leader of Reform UK Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> She resigned this role in February 2022, and was replaced by Martyn Greene. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party_election_results" title="Brexit Party election results">Brexit Party election results</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK_election_results" title="Reform UK election results">Reform UK election results</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_European_Parliament_election_as_the_Brexit_Party">2019 European Parliament election as the Brexit Party</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</a></div> The Brexit Party stood candidates in Great Britain at the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament election</a>, including the former Conservative Party <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> the journalist, <a href="/wiki/Annunziata_Rees-Mogg" title="Annunziata Rees-Mogg">Annunziata Rees-Mogg</a> (a former Conservative general election candidate and the sister of the Conservative MP and Brexit advocate, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Jacob Rees-Mogg</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Leave_Means_Leave" title="Leave Means Leave">Leave Means Leave</a> co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-guardian2-174">[174]</a> the writers, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Fox" title="Claire Fox">Claire Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Heartfield" title="James Heartfield">James Heartfield</a> (both once part of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_(UK,_1978)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1978)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> and later writers for <a href="/wiki/Spiked_(magazine)" title="Spiked (magazine)">Spiked</a>),<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Waiton" title="Stuart Waiton">Stuart Waiton</a> (a fellow Spiked contributor)<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Glancy" title="James Glancy">James Glancy</a>, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Marine">Royal Marines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a> who was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_Gallantry_Cross" title="Conspicuous Gallantry Cross">Conspicuous Gallantry Cross</a>,<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Daubney" title="Martin Daubney">Martin Daubney</a>, a journalist and commentator,<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bull (politician)">David Bull</a>, author and television presenter,<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Brian_Monteith" title="Brian Monteith">Brian Monteith</a>, a former Conservative Party <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">MSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Rupert Lowe</a>, a businessman<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> and retired Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Roger_Lane-Nott" title="Roger Lane-Nott">Roger Lane-Nott</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Longworth_(businessman)" title="John Longworth (businessman)">John Longworth</a>, the former director-general of the British Chambers of Commerce, announced he would be standing as a candidate for the party on 15 April 2019.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The party was not registered in Northern Ireland and did not field candidates there.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> A survey of 781 Conservative Party councillors found that 40% planned to vote for the Brexit Party.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> On 17 April 2019, the former Labour and <a href="/wiki/Respect_Party" title="Respect Party">Respect Party</a> MP <a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> announced his support for the Brexit Party "for one-time only" in the 2019 European Parliament election.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> On 24 April, the political columnist <a href="/wiki/Tim_Montgomerie" title="Tim Montgomerie">Tim Montgomerie</a> announced that he would vote for the party and endorsed Widdecombe's candidature,<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> and the Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Allan_(politician)" title="Lucy Allan (politician)">Lucy Allan</a> described the candidates of the party as "fantastic".<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> On 2 May, one of the party's candidates for the North West constituency, Sally Bate, resigned from the party in response to previous comments made by Claire Fox, the lead candidate in the constituency, on the <a href="/wiki/Warrington_bomb_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrington bomb attacks">Warrington bomb attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In May 2019, several polls forecast the party polling first for the European elections,<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> though earlier polls had suggested it would come third to Labour and the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> The party held 14 seats, acquired through defections, going into the elections, and saw an increase of 15. It won five more seats than UKIP, had at the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">previous election</a>, under Farage's leadership. The party won 29 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">election</a>, becoming the biggest single party in the <a href="/wiki/9th_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="9th European Parliament">9th European Parliament</a>. The <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU Union</a> also won 29 seats in <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a>, but it was an alliance and not a party. Three of the 29 resigned the whip in December 2019 to support the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>, while a fourth, <a href="/wiki/John_Longworth_(businessman)" title="John Longworth (businessman)">John Longworth</a>, was expelled for "repeatedly undermining" the party's election strategy.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Share of votes </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td>30.52% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">29 / 73<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>1st </td></tr></tbody></table> The 29 MEPs elected were as follows: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>First elected </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bull (politician)">David Bull </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </td> <td>28 July 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Daubney" title="Martin Daubney">Martin Daubney</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>10 June 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lance_Forman" title="Lance Forman">Lance Forman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Claire_Fox" title="Claire Fox">Claire Fox</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a> </td> <td>1 July 2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Glancy" title="James Glancy">James Glancy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benyamin_Habib" class="mw-redirect" title="Benyamin Habib">Benyamin Habib</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Harris_(politician)" title="Lucy Harris (politician)">Lucy Harris </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heaver" title="Michael Heaver">Michael Heaver</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christina_Jordan" title="Christina Jordan">Christina Jordan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_England_Kerr" title="Andrew England Kerr">Andrew England Kerr</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Longworth_(businessman)" title="John Longworth (businessman)">John Longworth </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Rupert Lowe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belinda_De_Lucy" class="mw-redirect" title="Belinda De Lucy">Belinda De Camborne Lucy </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Monteith" title="Brian Monteith">Brian Monteith</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East England (European Parliament constituency)">North East England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_Mummery" title="June Mummery">June Mummery</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Overgaard-Nielsen" title="Henrik Overgaard-Nielsen">Henrik Overgaard-Nielsen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Patten_(politician)" title="Matthew Patten (politician)">Matthew Patten </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Phillips_(Brexit_Party_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Phillips (Brexit Party politician)">Alexandra Phillips </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jake_Pugh" title="Jake Pugh">Jake Pugh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Annunziata_Rees-Mogg" title="Annunziata Rees-Mogg">Annunziata Rees-Mogg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rowland_(politician)" title="Robert Rowland (politician)">Robert Rowland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_Stedman-Bryce" title="Louis Stedman-Bryce">Louis Stedman-Bryce</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Tennant_(politician)" title="John Tennant (politician)">John Tennant </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East England (European Parliament constituency)">North East England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Wells_(British_politician)" title="James Wells (British politician)">James Wells </a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> </td> <td>23 May 2019 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_general_election">2019 general election</h3></div> On April 19, Farage said that the party intended to stand candidates at the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> but would not to stand candidates against the 28 Eurosceptic Conservative MPs who opposed the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Brexit withdrawal agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Peterborough_by-election" title="2019 Peterborough by-election">Peterborough by-election</a> in June, the Brexit Party came second with 28% of the vote, 7% ahead of the Conservatives and 2% behind Labour. Following <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s election as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>, Farage unveiled the names of 635 general election candidates for the Brexit Party, including himself.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> On 8 September 2019, Farage wrote an article in the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Telegraph">Sunday Telegraph</a> and the party took out advertisements in Sunday newspapers offering an electoral pact with the Conservative Party in the forthcoming general election, in which the Brexit Party would not be opposed by the Conservatives in traditional Labour Party seats in the north of England, the Midlands and Wales, and the Brexit Party would not contest seats in which they could split the Leave vote. Farage wrote that Boris Johnson should ask himself "does he want to sign a non-aggression pact with me and return to Downing Street?"<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg/220px-Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg/330px-Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg/440px-Brexit_Party_seats_contested_in_the_2019_GE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="1039" /></a><figcaption>Constituencies, highlighted, which the Brexit Party contested at the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a>.</figcaption></figure> Farage's proposition was rejected by Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> On the 11 November, Farage said that his party would not stand in any of the 317 seats won by the Conservatives at the last election. Conservative Party chairman <a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">James Cleverly</a> welcomed this, although he stated that the parties had not been in contact.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Newsnight" title="Newsnight">Newsnight</a> reported that conversations between members of the Brexit Party and the pro-Brexit Conservative group, the <a href="/wiki/European_Research_Group" title="European Research Group">European Research Group</a> (ERG) had led to this decision.<a href="#cite_note-newsnight11-220">[220]</a> The Brexit Party is reported to have requested that Boris Johnson publicly state he would not extend the Brexit transition period beyond the planned date of 31 December 2020 and that he wished for a Canada-style free-trade agreement with the EU. Johnson did make a statement covering these two issues, something which Farage referenced as key when announcing he was standing down some candidates, but both the Brexit Party and the Conservatives denied that any deal was done between them.<a href="#cite_note-newsnight11-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The decision to not run in those seats met with criticism by some Brexit Party supporters and candidates, and some candidates who had been selected to vie for <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> seats opted to run as <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent candidates</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Pro-Brexit</a> platform.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> The party failed to win any seats in the general election.<a href="#cite_note-killed-44">[44]</a> Its best second places were in <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Barnsley Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Barnsley Central</a>, where Victoria Felton won 30.4% of the vote,<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Barnsley East (UK Parliament constituency)">Barnsley East</a>, where Jim Ferguson won 29.2%.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> High third places were in <a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hartlepool (UK Parliament constituency)">Hartlepool</a>, where Richard Tice won 25.8% of the vote,<a href="#cite_note-hull-226">[226]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_West_and_Hessle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle (UK Parliament constituency)">Hull West and Hessle</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dewberry" title="Michelle Dewberry">Michelle Dewberry</a> won 18%.<a href="#cite_note-hull-226">[226]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">Votes </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Share </th> <th>Seats won </th> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>± </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">644,257 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.01 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>0% </td> <td>TBD </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_general_election">2024 general election</h3></div> On 22 May 2024, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> announced the date of the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">general election</a> as 4 July. The next day, leader Richard Tice launched the Reform UK campaign, promising to field candidates in 630 seats including himself in <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Skegness_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Boston and Skegness (UK Parliament constituency)">Boston and Skegness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> He said that the party wanted to make this the “immigration election”.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Nigel Farage initially ruled out standing, saying that it was "not the right time" but promised to "do my bit to help".<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] In the first week of the campaign, Reform UK's average predicted vote in opinion polls rose from 11% to 13%, although many commentators predicted their vote share would be squeezed<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> and the Conservatives announced policies targeted at Reform voters, such as <a href="/wiki/National_service" title="National service">national service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> On 3 June, Farage became the leader of Reform UK. Following this, opinion pollsters reported an increase in support for the party, in two cases polling within 2% of the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> BBC political analyst Peter Barnes commented on 9 June that the change in leadership "has clearly had a positive impact on the party's performance in the polls," and that this "has come at the expense of the Conservatives."<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> A poll of 1,000 viewers conducted after the BBC's seven-party debate held on 7 June found Farage to be the winner with 25% support, his closest rival being Labour Party deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a>, on 19%. The debate majored on D-Day, war veterans, immigration and the NHS.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Farage said that his aim was to make Reform the <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Loyal_Opposition" title="His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition">Official Opposition</a> party in Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Reform would be standing in 609 out of 650 constituencies (all in Great Britain).<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> As part of an electoral pact with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic Party</a>, the two parties stood aside from each other in six constituencies and over a dozen candidates stood under a joint Reform-SDP banner.<a href="#cite_note-SDP_Pact-237">[237]</a> On 10 June, the Reform UK candidate for <a href="/wiki/Bexhill_and_Battle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bexhill and Battle (UK Parliament constituency)">Bexhill and Battle</a>, Ian Gribbin, was reported as having said in 2022 that: "Britain would be in a far better state today had we taken Hitler up on his offer of neutrality." Following these reports, Gribbin stated that he apologised without reservation for the comment and any upset caused.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> A party spokesman defended Gribbin by saying that "his historical perspective of what the UK could have done in the 30s was shared by the vast majority of the British establishment including the BBC of its day, and is probably true," that the comments made by Gribbin were not endorsements of the stances and that the party would continue to support him.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> The Times reported on 13 June that 41 of the Reform UK candidates for the 2024 general election were <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> friends with the British neo-fascist <a href="/wiki/Gary_Raikes" title="Gary Raikes">Gary Raikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> After a number of revelations about the party's prospective parliamentary candidates,<a href="#cite_note-tns001-242">[242]</a> Farage said on 18 June that the party had hired a vetting company, but had been "stitched up" by them. The company, vetting.com, responded that there had not been sufficient time to complete their work, the election having been called earlier than expected.<a href="#cite_note-tns001-242">[242]</a> In the campaign, the party used the slogan "Britain Needs Reform".<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Its party election video, broadcast nationally on 13 June, showed silently and continuously for 4 minutes and 40 seconds the six words "Britain is Broken. Britain Needs Reform."<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> On 13 June, <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> polling put Reform at 19% and the Conservatives 18%. Farage declared "We are now the opposition to Labour."<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> On 15 June, the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Laura_Kuenssberg" title="Laura Kuenssberg">Laura Kuenssberg</a> said that "the most optimistic Reform politicians can't name more than five or six seats where they reckon they could win."<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> On the same day, opinion pollsters Survation published the results of a survey of 42,269 voters employing <a href="/wiki/Multilevel_regression_with_poststratification" title="Multilevel regression with poststratification">multilevel regression with poststratification</a> (MRP) which predicted that Reform would win seven seats and YouGov's MRP survey predicted five seat wins.<a href="#cite_note-PoliticoYou-247">[247]</a> On 20 June, the BBC reported that while Farage has been criticised by some Muslim organisations for saying that a growing number of young Muslims do not subscribe to British values, Muslim entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Zia_Yusuf" title="Zia Yusuf">Zia Yusuf</a> had just given the party a donation amounting to hundreds of thousands of pounds and said that the country has lost control of its borders. He said that it was his "patriotic duty" to fund Farage and Reform UK.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Farage was criticised during the campaign for suggesting that the West had provoked Russia's invasion of Ukraine by expanding the European Union and NATO military alliance eastwards. Farage also said that "of course" the war was the fault of Vladimir Putin.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> On 27 June, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a> revealed alleged homophobic, racist and Islamophobic comments made by some party campaigners in <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-251">[251]</a> including an individual calling Rishi Sunak a "<a href="/wiki/Paki_(slur)" title="Paki (slur)">Paki</a>" (a racist slur against those of South Asian heritage in the UK),<a href="#cite_note-smh-252">[252]</a> and suggesting the army should shoot at <a href="/wiki/English_Channel_migrant_crossings_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="English Channel migrant crossings (2018–present)">small boats bringing illegal migrants</a> to the UK,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-251">[251]</a> and another campaigner calling the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT flag">LGBT flag</a> "degenerate". Sunak responded that hearing the racist slur against him "hurts and it makes me angry".<a href="#cite_note-AP-racist-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Farage described the anti-gay comments as "vulgar, drunk and wrong"<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> and condemned the other individual's racist comments, before suggesting that the programme was a "set up" by Channel 4, as the individual who made the racist slur against Sunak, Andrew Parker, was an actor and that it alluded to foul play.<a href="#cite_note-AP-racist-253">[253]</a> The party later said it had made a complaint against Channel 4 for "electoral interference" over the broadcast,<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> although reports on 28 June suggested the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral Commission">Electoral Commission</a> had not received such a complaint from Reform.<a href="#cite_note-lbc-258">[258]</a> Channel 4 commented: "We met Mr Parker for the first time at Reform UK party headquarters, where he was a Reform party canvasser. We did not pay the Reform UK canvasser or anyone else in this report. Mr Parker was not known to Channel 4 News and was filmed covertly via the undercover operation."<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Following the report, Reform UK dropped its support for three election candidates due to past racist comments,<a href="#cite_note-lbc-258">[258]</a> and on 30 June, one candidate defected to the Conservatives over a perceived lack of leadership from Reform on the issue.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> At the election the party won 5 seats at the election and came second place in a further 98 seats.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Reform UK's presence split the right-wing vote, allowing Labour to win seats on small margins including <a href="/wiki/Poole_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Poole (UK Parliament constituency)">Poole</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dorset_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)">South Dorset</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rother_Valley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rother Valley (UK Parliament constituency)">Rother Valley</a>. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">Votes </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Share </th> <th>Seats won </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">± </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,117,221 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14.3% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;">5 / 650<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0.8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government_2">Local government</h3></div> The party first stood at local government level in two by-elections in <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a> on 25 July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> They did not win either.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> A councillor elected to <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Borough_Council" title="Rochdale Borough Council">Rochdale</a> defected to the party in July 2019 from Labour, making for the first councillor;<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> shortly after a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> councillor there also defected.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> All 12 of <a href="/wiki/Rotherham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Rotherham's</a> then UKIP councillors defected to the Brexit Party in July 2019, as did all 5 of <a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a>'s UKIP councillors.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> On 13 September 2019, ten independent councillors on <a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartlepool Borough Council">Hartlepool Borough Council</a> defected to the Brexit Party. They then formed a pact with the three Conservatives to hold 13 of the 33 seats.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> In September 2019, a Conservative councillor for <a href="/wiki/Surrey_County_Council" title="Surrey County Council">Surrey (county)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmbridge_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmbridge Borough Council">Elmbridge (borough)</a> defected to the party, after his party decided he would not be reselected.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> The 13 councillors of the Hartlepool council group left the party in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The Rotherham group left to form the Rotherham Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> The party won two seats in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2021 United Kingdom local elections">2021 United Kingdom local elections</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/2021_Derby_City_Council_election" title="2021 Derby City Council election">Derby</a>, one a hold from a previous defection and the other a gain. These were the first council seats won at election by the party, as all their previous ones had been via defections.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> This left them with eight councillors in total; six in Derby and two more from defections, one in <a href="/wiki/Redbridge_London_Borough_Council" title="Redbridge London Borough Council">Redbridge</a> from the Conservatives, and one in <a href="/wiki/Swale_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swale Borough Council">Swale</a> from UKIP, both in April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> Councillors in the Derby City group are members of an affiliate party named "<a href="/wiki/Reform_Derby" title="Reform Derby">Reform Derby</a>", in alignment with Reform UK.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In December 2021, days before the <a href="/wiki/2021_North_Shropshire_by-election" title="2021 North Shropshire by-election">North Shropshire by-election</a>, local councillor and Deputy Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Market_Drayton" title="Market Drayton">Market Drayton</a> Town Council, Mark Whittle, defected to the party from the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> It was reported that all of Reform UK's candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2022 United Kingdom local elections">2022 United Kingdom local elections</a> "will campaign on the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a> and restarting exploration in the North Sea".<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Three of the eight council seats held by the party were up for re-election in 2022, all of which had arisen from defections. Both <a href="/wiki/2022_Derby_City_Council_election" title="2022 Derby City Council election">Derby</a> seats were held, but a seat in Redbridge was lost. No new seats were gained.<a href="#cite_note-latest-283">[283]</a> In December 2022, two former Conservative councillors – one in <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Barnsley</a> and the other in <a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire</a> – defected to the party.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Another Conservative councillor, Barry Gwilt, of the Fazeley on <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District#Political_control" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield District Council</a>, defected to Reform UK in January 2023.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2023 United Kingdom local elections">2023 United Kingdom local elections</a>, Reform UK won six seats out of the 8,519 up for election<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> and averaged 6% of the vote in the wards where it stood.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> The six seats won were all in the City of Derby, whose new council proceeded to elect Reform Derby leader Alan Graves to the position of Mayor for 2023/24.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> In March 2024, <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a> councillor Maria Bowtell defected from the Conservatives and joined the party.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2024 United Kingdom local elections">2024 English local elections</a>, Reform UK took approximately 11% of the vote where it stood candidates,<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> and won two seats on <a href="/wiki/Havant_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Havant Borough Council">Havant Borough Council</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> and one on the London Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-London_Elects_2024-84">[84]</a> Richard Tice claimed that his party was becoming the real opposition to Labour.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> On 18 June, four Conservatives from the <a href="/wiki/Tendring_District#Political_control" title="Tendring District">Tendring District Council</a> defected to Reform with Jeff Bray becoming leader of the council group.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> In October 2024, Reform UK won a council by-election in <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool Council</a> for the seat vacated by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Smith_(politician)" title="Sarah Smith (politician)">Sarah Smith</a> who was elected MP for <a href="/wiki/Hyndburn_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hyndburn (UK Parliament constituency)">Hyndburn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> At the end of October, a second council by-election was won in <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senedd_elections">Senedd elections</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th colspan="3">Regional vote </th> <th colspan="3">Constituency vote </th> <th>Overall seats </th> <th>Change </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021</a> </td> <td>11,730 votes </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 20<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>17,405 votes </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 40<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 60<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New Party </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scottish_Parliament_elections">Scottish Parliament elections</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th colspan="3">Regional vote </th> <th colspan="3">Constituency vote </th> <th>Overall seats </th> <th>Change </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021</a> </td> <td>5,793 votes </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 56<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 73<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 129<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New Party </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_Assembly_elections">London Assembly elections</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th colspan="3">Regional vote </th> <th colspan="3">Constituency vote </th> <th>Overall seats </th> <th>± </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_London_Assembly_election" title="2021 London Assembly election">2021</a> </td> <td>25,009 votes </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 11<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>62,263 votes </td> <td>2.4% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 14<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 25<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New Party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_London_Assembly_election" title="2024 London Assembly election">2024</a> </td> <td>145,409 votes </td> <td>5.9% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 11<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>188,420 votes </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 14<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 25<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #12B6CF; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party_election_results" title="Brexit Party election results">Brexit Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom#2019" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Opinion polling for 2019 European Parliament election in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling for the 2019 United Kingdom general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general election">Opinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Registrations/PP7931">"Reform UK Registration"</a>. 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He told the paper: "This was Catherine's idea entirely – but she has done this with my full knowledge and my full support.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=The+new+Ukip%3F+Nigel+Farage+offers+%27full+support%27+for+another+Brexit+party&rft.date=2019-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fbusiness%2Fbrexit%2Fthe-new-ukip-nigel-farage-offers-full-support-for-another-brexit-party-37729406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-electoralcommission.org.uk-27"><a href="#cite_ref-electoralcommission.org.uk_27-0">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/252526/GB-and-NI-political-register-updates-since-27-01-2019.pdf">"Changes to the registers of political parties made since 27 January 2019: The Brexit Party"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a>. 5 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421185402/http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/252526/GB-and-NI-political-register-updates-since-27-01-2019.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2019. 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Retrieved 16 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brexit+Party%3A+Registration+Details&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.electoralcommission.org.uk%2FEnglish%2FRegistrations%2FPP7931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Pickard2019" class="citation web cs1">Jim Pickard (8 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/d3197116-2bcf-11e9-a5ab-ff8ef2b976c7">"New 'Brexit Party' backed by Nigel Farage launches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123736/https://www.ft.com/content/d3197116-2bcf-11e9-a5ab-ff8ef2b976c7">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019. <q>A new political party backed by Nigel Farage has been launched in an attempt to attract hardline Conservative activists unhappy with Theresa May's attempt to forge a compromise Brexit plan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=New+%27Brexit+Party%27+backed+by+Nigel+Farage+launches&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft.au=Jim+Pickard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fd3197116-2bcf-11e9-a5ab-ff8ef2b976c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce2019" class="citation news cs1">Bruce, Andy (8 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727051932/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-farage-idUKKCN1PX1Y5">"Farage ready to be new 'Brexit Party' candidate if EU exit delayed"</a>. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113173430/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/12/former-ukip-leader-nigel-farage-says-his-brexit-party-wont-take-money-from-arron-banks">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+says+Brexit+party+won%27t+take+money+from+Arron+Banks&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fapr%2F12%2Fformer-ukip-leader-nigel-farage-says-his-brexit-party-wont-take-money-from-arron-banks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2019" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (3 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/apr/03/brexit-party-official-removed-after-antisemitic-posts">"Brexit party official removed after antisemitic posts"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Brexit+party+official+removed+after+antisemitic+posts&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2Fapr%2F03%2Fbrexit-party-official-removed-after-antisemitic-posts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.com-38"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc.com_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48244917">"Farage: May deceiving public over deal"</a>. BBC News. 12 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513171248/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48244917">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2019. 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The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/05/12/nigel-farage-interview-end-campaign-brexit-party-will-lot-bigger/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+interview%3A+%27At+the+end+of+this+campaign+the+Brexit+Party+will+be+a+lot+bigger+than+the+Conservatives%27&rft.date=2019-05-12&rft.aulast=Malnick&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F05%2F12%2Fnigel-farage-interview-end-campaign-brexit-party-will-lot-bigger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2019" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Paul (19 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/19/nigel-farage-brexit-party-on-the-road-populism">"Rage, rapture and pure populism: on the road with Nigel Farage"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rage%2C+rapture+and+pure+populism%3A+on+the+road+with+Nigel+Farage&rft.date=2019-05-19&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fmay%2F19%2Fnigel-farage-brexit-party-on-the-road-populism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50515516">"Brexit Party: 12 key policies explained"</a>. BBC News. 22 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725130927/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50515516">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413152449/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-italexit/italexit-popular-senator-launches-party-to-take-italy-out-of-eu-idUSKCN24M1N8">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Italexit%21+Popular+senator+launches+party+to+take+Italy+out+of+EU&rft.date=2020-07-21&rft.aulast=Amante&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-italy-politics-italexit%2Fitalexit-popular-senator-launches-party-to-take-italy-out-of-eu-idUSKCN24M1N8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506074754/https://www.thebrexitparty.org/reformuk/">"It's time: From Brexit to Reform UK"</a>. ReformUK: The Brexit Party. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebrexitparty.org/reformuk/">the original</a> on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2020. <q>Our party of Reform is the only political party that supports the Great Barrington Declaration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReformUK%3A+The+Brexit+Party&rft.atitle=It%27s+time%3A+From+Brexit+to+Reform+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebrexitparty.org%2Freformuk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/party-registration-applications/party-registration-decisions">"Party registration decisions"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Electoral+Commission&rft.atitle=Party+registration+decisions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electoralcommission.org.uk%2Fwho-we-are-and-what-we-do%2Fparty-registration-applications%2Fparty-registration-decisions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/michelle-ballantyne-former-scottish-conservative-msp-joins-nigel-farages-reform-uk-12185085">"Michelle Ballantyne: Former Scottish Conservative MSP joins Nigel Farage's Reform UK"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613162917/https://news.sky.com/story/michelle-ballantyne-former-scottish-conservative-msp-joins-nigel-farages-reform-uk-12185085">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Michelle+Ballantyne%3A+Former+Scottish+Conservative+MSP+joins+Nigel+Farage%27s+Reform+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fmichelle-ballantyne-former-scottish-conservative-msp-joins-nigel-farages-reform-uk-12185085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Feb_2022-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Feb_2022_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Feb_2022_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Feb_2022_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarton-Crosbie2022" class="citation news cs1">Garton-Crosbie, Abbi (16 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.scot/news/19928649.reform-party-michelle-ballantyne-quits-scottish-leader/">"Reform Party: Michelle Ballantyne quits as Scottish leader"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Reform+Party%3A+Michelle+Ballantyne+quits+as+Scottish+leader&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Garton-Crosbie&rft.aufirst=Abbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.scot%2Fnews%2F19928649.reform-party-michelle-ballantyne-quits-scottish-leader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herald_Feb_2022-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herald_Feb_2022_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herald_Feb_2022_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herald_Feb_2022_51-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodger2022" class="citation news cs1">Rodger, Hannah (16 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/19928340.leader-scotlands-reform-uk-party-michelle-ballantyne-quits-year/">"Leader of Scotland's Reform UK party Michelle Ballantyne quits after a year"</a>. The Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509175544/https://www.heraldscotland.com/politics/19928340.leader-scotlands-reform-uk-party-michelle-ballantyne-quits-year/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=Leader+of+Scotland%27s+Reform+UK+party+Michelle+Ballantyne+quits+after+a+year&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fpolitics%2F19928340.leader-scotlands-reform-uk-party-michelle-ballantyne-quits-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-56311599">"Nigel Farage: Brexit-backing politician to quit as leader of Reform UK"</a>. BBC News. 6 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019090525/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-56311599">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage%3A+Brexit-backing+politician+to+quit+as+leader+of+Reform+UK&rft.date=2021-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-56311599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/TheReformPartyUK/posts/757565695128197">"We are delighted to announce Dr David Bull as the new Deputy Leader of Reform UK!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505044259/https://www.facebook.com/TheReformPartyUK/posts/757565695128197">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+are+delighted+to+announce+Dr+David+Bull+as+the+new+Deputy+Leader+of+Reform+UK%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FTheReformPartyUK%2Fposts%2F757565695128197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonelects.org.uk/im-voter/election-results/results-2021">"Results 2021"</a>. London Elects. Retrieved 18 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=London+Elects&rft.atitle=Results+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonelects.org.uk%2Fim-voter%2Felection-results%2Fresults-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFreformukwales2021" class="citation web cs1">@reformukwales (26 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/reformukwales/status/1375379315144196097">"After almost a quarter of a century of one party rule it's time to reform Wales Nathan was a leading figure in the fight to ensure UK laws are created by politicians accountable to us Now it's time to reform those laws @NathanGillMEP #Senedd21 #Wales2021 #ReformUK"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 26 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+almost+a+quarter+of+a+century+of+one+party+rule+it%27s+time+to+reform+Wales+Nathan+was+a+leading+figure+in+the+fight+to+ensure+UK+laws+are+created+by+politicians+accountable+to+us+Now+it%27s+time+to+reform+those+laws+%40NathanGillMEP+%23Senedd21+%23Wales2021+%23ReformUK&rft.date=2021-03-26&rft.au=reformukwales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Freformukwales%2Fstatus%2F1375379315144196097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2021" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Joe (30 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/reform-party-leader-richard-tice-london-assembly-b927086.html">"Reform Party leader Richard Tice to run for London Assembly"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411201256/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/reform-party-leader-richard-tice-london-assembly-b927086.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reform+Party+leader+Richard+Tice+to+run+for+London+Assembly&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Freform-party-leader-richard-tice-london-assembly-b927086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-56570104">"Welsh Parliament election 2021: North Wales regional candidates"</a>. BBC News. 10 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411201248/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-56570104">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Welsh+Parliament+election+2021%3A+North+Wales+regional+candidates&rft.date=2021-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-politics-56570104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/news/19204329.scottish-parliament-election-2021-south-scotland-lothian-regional-list-candidates-announced/">"Scottish Parliament Election 2021: South Scotland and Lothian regional list candidates announced"</a>. East Lothian Courier. 1 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411201257/https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/news/19204329.scottish-parliament-election-2021-south-scotland-lothian-regional-list-candidates-announced/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+Lothian+Courier&rft.atitle=Scottish+Parliament+Election+2021%3A+South+Scotland+and+Lothian+regional+list+candidates+announced&rft.date=2021-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastlothiancourier.com%2Fnews%2F19204329.scottish-parliament-election-2021-south-scotland-lothian-regional-list-candidates-announced%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c27kz1m3j9mt/london-elections-2021">"London Mayor"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019023005/https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c27kz1m3j9mt/london-elections-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+Mayor&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fc27kz1m3j9mt%2Flondon-elections-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57019456">"Elections 2021: Conservatives hail historic Labour defeat in Hartlepool by-election"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830172600/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57019456">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Elections+2021%3A+Conservatives+hail+historic+Labour+defeat+in+Hartlepool+by-election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-57019456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cqwn14k92zwt/welsh-parliament-election-2021">"Welsh Parliament election 2021"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009132408/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cqwn14k92zwt/welsh-parliament-election-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Welsh+Parliament+election+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fcqwn14k92zwt%2Fwelsh-parliament-election-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c37d28xdn99t/scottish-parliament-election-2021">"Scottish Parliament election 2021"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011204736/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c37d28xdn99t/scottish-parliament-election-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scottish+Parliament+election+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fc37d28xdn99t%2Fscottish-parliament-election-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonelects.org.uk/im-voter/election-results/results-2021">"Results 2021"</a>. London Elects. 9 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817051855/https://www.londonelects.org.uk/im-voter/election-results/results-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=London+Elects&rft.atitle=Results+2021&rft.date=2021-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonelects.org.uk%2Fim-voter%2Felection-results%2Fresults-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c27kz1m3j9mt/london-elections-2021#london-assembly">"London Assembly"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916100443/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c27kz1m3j9mt/london-elections-2021#london-assembly">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+Assembly&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fc27kz1m3j9mt%2Flondon-elections-2021%23london-assembly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReform_UK2022" class="citation web cs1">Reform UK [@reformparty_uk] (21 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/reformparty_uk/status/1583488630064283649">"Reform UK & SDP Agree General Election Pact"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 22 October 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reform+UK+%26+SDP+Agree+General+Election+Pact&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft.au=Reform+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Freformparty_uk%2Fstatus%2F1583488630064283649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdp.org.uk/2022/10/22/reform-uk-and-sdp-agree-general-election-pact/">"Reform UK and SDP agree general election pact"</a>. SDP. 22 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022144652/https://sdp.org.uk/2022/10/22/reform-uk-and-sdp-agree-general-election-pact/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SDP&rft.atitle=Reform+UK+and+SDP+agree+general+election+pact&rft.date=2022-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdp.org.uk%2F2022%2F10%2F22%2Freform-uk-and-sdp-agree-general-election-pact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-69052837">"Nigel Farage rules out standing for Reform UK in general election"</a>. BBC. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigel+Farage+rules+out+standing+for+Reform+UK+in+general+election&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2024-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-69052837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/politics/barnsley-councillor-resigns-from-conservatives-to-join-reform-party-3946989">"Barnsley councillor resigns from Conservatives to join Farage's Reform party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield Star">Sheffield Star</a>. 8 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208173824/https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/politics/barnsley-councillor-resigns-from-conservatives-to-join-reform-party-3946989">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sheffield+Star&rft.atitle=Barnsley+councillor+resigns+from+Conservatives+to+join+Farage%27s+Reform+party&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbarnsley-councillor-resigns-from-conservatives-to-join-reform-party-3946989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reformparty.uk/candidates_announced_for_witney_and_barnsley">"Candidates announced for Witney and Barnsley!"</a>. reformparty.uk. 8 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209021355/https://www.reformparty.uk/candidates_announced_for_witney_and_barnsley">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reformparty.uk&rft.atitle=Candidates+announced+for+Witney+and+Barnsley%21&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformparty.uk%2Fcandidates_announced_for_witney_and_barnsley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/11/24/no-deals-tories-reform-uk-will-field-full-slate-candidates-next/">"I didn't spend 25 years battling for Brexit only to watch the Tories give it away"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 24 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221216135300/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/11/24/no-deals-tories-reform-uk-will-field-full-slate-candidates-next/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2022. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190429232531/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/28/forty-years-ago-thatcherism-swept-britain-could-our-new-parties-repeat-the-trick">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Forty+years+ago%2C+Thatcherism+swept+Britain.+Could+our+new+parties+repeat+the+trick%3F&rft.date=2019-04-28&rft.aulast=Bale&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2019%2Fapr%2F28%2Fforty-years-ago-thatcherism-swept-britain-could-our-new-parties-repeat-the-trick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Camilla Long, "Now he's shed the swivel-eyed loons, Farage has a truly dangerous proposition: the truth", The Sunday Times, 28 April 2019, p. 21. "The Brexit Party is more dangerous than anything Farage has ever done [...] He appears to have spent the past two years learning from the mistakes of Jeremy Corbyn and indeed his own former party, producing a leaner, greener, more efficient populist monster"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffery2019" class="citation news cs1">Jeffery, Max (15 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/05/15/positive-populist-nigel-farage-get-many-voters-possible-brexit/">"Positive and populist, Nigel Farage's Brexit Party is out to get as many voters as possible"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/05/15/positive-populist-nigel-farage-get-many-voters-possible-brexit/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Positive+and+populist%2C+Nigel+Farage%27s+Brexit+Party+is+out+to+get+as+many+voters+as+possible&rft.date=2019-05-15&rft.aulast=Jeffery&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F05%2F15%2Fpositive-populist-nigel-farage-get-many-voters-possible-brexit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrace2019" class="citation web cs1">Crace, John (13 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/13/nigel-farage-brexit-party-event-terrifying-glimpse-future">"'NI-GEL!' Brexit party event offers terrifying glimpse of a possible future"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518054436/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/13/nigel-farage-brexit-party-event-terrifying-glimpse-future">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27NI-GEL%21%27+Brexit+party+event+offers+terrifying+glimpse+of+a+possible+future&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft.aulast=Crace&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fmay%2F13%2Fnigel-farage-brexit-party-event-terrifying-glimpse-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZulianello2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zulianello, Mattia (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2019.21">"Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries"</a>. Government and Opposition. 55 (2): 327–347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2019.21">10.1017/gov.2019.21</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11368%2F3001222">11368/3001222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+and+Opposition&rft.atitle=Varieties+of+Populist+Parties+and+Party+Systems+in+Europe%3A+From+State-of-the-Art+to+the+Application+of+a+Novel+Classification+Scheme+to+66+Parties+in+33+Countries&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=327-347&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11368%2F3001222&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fgov.2019.21&rft.aulast=Zulianello&rft.aufirst=Mattia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fgov.2019.21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-TournierSol2021-124"><a href="#cite_ref-TournierSol2021_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarine_Tournier2021" class="citation book cs1">Karine Tournier (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nh8SEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17">"From UKIP to Brexit: The Right-Wing Populist Surge in the UK"</a>. In Karine Tournier-Sol; Marie Gayte (eds.). The Faces of Contemporary Populism in Western Europe and the US. Springer Nature. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030538897" title="Special:BookSources/9783030538897"><bdi>9783030538897</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+UKIP+to+Brexit%3A+The+Right-Wing+Populist+Surge+in+the+UK&rft.btitle=The+Faces+of+Contemporary+Populism+in+Western+Europe+and+the+US&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9783030538897&rft.au=Karine+Tournier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNh8SEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CombeiReggi2024-125"><a href="#cite_ref-CombeiReggi2024_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudia_Roberta_CombeiValeria_Reggi2024" class="citation book cs1">Claudia Roberta Combei; Valeria Reggi (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-43ZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1997">Appraisal, Sentiment and Emotion Analysis in Political Discourse: A Multimodal, Multi-method Approach</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000989687" title="Special:BookSources/9781000989687"><bdi>9781000989687</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appraisal%2C+Sentiment+and+Emotion+Analysis+in+Political+Discourse%3A+A+Multimodal%2C+Multi-method+Approach&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781000989687&rft.au=Claudia+Roberta+Combei&rft.au=Valeria+Reggi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-43ZEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColeStaffordHeinz2022-126"><a href="#cite_ref-ColeStaffordHeinz2022_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlistair_ColeIan_StaffordDominic_Heinz2022" class="citation book cs1">Alistair Cole; Ian Stafford; Dominic Heinz (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKWTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA152">"Democratic Decline? Civil society and trust in government"</a>. In Paul Chaney; Ian Jones (eds.). Civil Society in an Age of Uncertainty: Institutions, Governance and Existential Challenges. Polity Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781447353447" title="Special:BookSources/9781447353447"><bdi>9781447353447</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Democratic+Decline%3F+Civil+society+and+trust+in+government&rft.btitle=Civil+Society+in+an+Age+of+Uncertainty%3A+Institutions%2C+Governance+and+Existential+Challenges&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781447353447&rft.au=Alistair+Cole&rft.au=Ian+Stafford&rft.au=Dominic+Heinz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKWTEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZulianello2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zulianello, Mattia (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7CB95AE2CA7274D5F4716EC11708ACD8/S0017257X19000216a.pdf/varieties_of_populist_parties_and_party_systems_in_europe_from_stateoftheart_to_the_application_of_a_novel_classification_scheme_to_66_parties_in_33_countries.pdf">"Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries"</a> (PDF). Government and Opposition: 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816002402/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7CB95AE2CA7274D5F4716EC11708ACD8/S0017257X19000216a.pdf/varieties_of_populist_parties_and_party_systems_in_europe_from_stateoftheart_to_the_application_of_a_novel_classification_scheme_to_66_parties_in_33_countries.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+and+Opposition&rft.atitle=Varieties+of+Populist+Parties+and+Party+Systems+in+Europe%3A+From+State-of-the-Art+to+the+Application+of+a+Novel+Classification+Scheme+to+66+Parties+in+33+Countries&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Zulianello&rft.aufirst=Mattia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F7CB95AE2CA7274D5F4716EC11708ACD8%2FS0017257X19000216a.pdf%2Fvarieties_of_populist_parties_and_party_systems_in_europe_from_stateoftheart_to_the_application_of_a_novel_classification_scheme_to_66_parties_in_33_countries.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockard2020-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Lockard2020_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_A._Lockard2020" class="citation book cs1">Craig A. Lockard (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xW7LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA774">Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History</a>. Cengage Learning. p. 774. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-357-36547-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-357-36547-2"><bdi>978-0-357-36547-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322195813/https://books.google.com/books?id=xW7LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA774">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Societies%2C+Networks%2C+and+Transitions%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pages=774&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-357-36547-2&rft.au=Craig+A.+Lockard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxW7LDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webb2024-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Webb2024_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Webb2024" class="citation book cs1">Paul Webb (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jqb1EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">Advanced Introduction to Party Systems</a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781035313297" title="Special:BookSources/9781035313297"><bdi>9781035313297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Introduction+to+Party+Systems&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781035313297&rft.au=Paul+Webb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJqb1EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graef2022-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Graef2022_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosefin_Graef2022" class="citation book cs1">Josefin Graef (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=snxTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2020">Imagining Far-right Terrorism: Violence, Immigration, and the Nation State in Contemporary Western Europe</a>. Routledge. p. 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000534993" title="Special:BookSources/9781000534993"><bdi>9781000534993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+Far-right+Terrorism%3A+Violence%2C+Immigration%2C+and+the+Nation+State+in+Contemporary+Western+Europe&rft.pages=2020&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781000534993&rft.au=Josefin+Graef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsnxTEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waring2021-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Waring2021_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Waring2021" class="citation book cs1">Alan Waring (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yzxIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">"Corporate and Radical-Right Authoritarianism: A Fusion of Mutual Interests and Dark Money"</a>. 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The New Authoritarianism Vol 3: A Risk Analysis of the Corporate/Radical-Right Axis. ibidem-Verlag. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-38-3821493-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-38-3821493-1"><bdi>978-38-3821493-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corporate+and+Radical-Right+Authoritarianism%3A+A+Fusion+of+Mutual+Interests+and+Dark+Money&rft.btitle=The+New+Authoritarianism+Vol+3%3A+A+Risk+Analysis+of+the+Corporate%2FRadical-Right+Axis&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=ibidem-Verlag&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-38-3821493-1&rft.au=Alan+Waring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyzxIEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4nn0jpejqno">"Reform becoming new Conservative movement - Farage"</a>. BBC News. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reform+becoming+new+Conservative+movement+-+Farage&rft.date=2024-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc4nn0jpejqno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDucourtieux2024" class="citation web cs1">Ducourtieux, Cécile (5 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/01/05/in-the-uk-the-far-right-reform-uk-party-hopes-to-capitalize-on-the-conservatives-weakness_6402317_4.html">"Far-right Reform UK party hopes to capitalize on Conservatives' weakness"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. 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Retrieved 28 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brexitcentral.com&rft.atitle=If+the+Brexit+Party+wants+further+triumphs%2C+Nigel+Farage+should+drop+its+%27shrink+the+state%27+philosophy&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.aulast=O%27Flynn&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrexitcentral.com%2Fif-the-brexit-party-wants-further-triumphs-nigel-farage-should-drop-its-shrink-the-state-philosophy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGQ7o5gBVPQ&t=83">"Brexit Party vows to take on and represent Gibraltar's interests in Europe"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207011214/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGQ7o5gBVPQ&t=83">Archived</a> 7 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, GBC News, 16 May 2019, via YouTube </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Helen Pidd, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jun/04/brexit-party-plans-john-lewis-style-rescue-of-british-steel">"Brexit party plans 'John Lewis-style' rescue of British Steel"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604175513/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jun/04/brexit-party-plans-john-lewis-style-rescue-of-british-steel">Archived</a> 4 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian, 4 June 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbrexitparty_uk2019" class="citation web cs1">@brexitparty_uk (18 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/brexitparty_uk/status/1151846331348115456">"Let's upgrade Britain's internet. 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Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Former+Tory+MSP+to+lead+Scots+wing+of+rebranded+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-scotland-politics-55617824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48034732">"Ann Widdecombe to stand for Brexit Party"</a>. BBC News. 24 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424074946/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48034732">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ann+Widdecombe+to+stand+for+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48034732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2019" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (23 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/23/former-communist-claire-fox-standing-as-mep-for-farages-brexit-party">"Former communist standing as MEP for Farage's Brexit party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504014507/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/23/former-communist-claire-fox-standing-as-mep-for-farages-brexit-party">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+communist+standing+as+MEP+for+Farage%27s+Brexit+party&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fapr%2F23%2Fformer-communist-claire-fox-standing-as-mep-for-farages-brexit-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2019" class="citation news cs1">Alexander, Steven (6 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/uk/farage-plays-down-candidates-previous-defence-of-ira-38081201.html">"Farage plays down candidate's previous defence of IRA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506111946/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/uk/farage-plays-down-candidates-previous-defence-of-ira-38081201.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019. 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BBC News. 25 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190620003507/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-48044192">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+MEP+candidates+in+Scotland%3F&rft.date=2019-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-scotland-politics-48044192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bylinetimes.com/2019/05/13/astroturfers-of-britain-part-two-who-is-behind-brexit-party-recruitment-and-its-pr-makeover/">"AstroTurfers of Britain Part Two: Who is Behind Brexit Party Recruitment and its PR Makeover?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Byline_Times" title="Byline Times">Byline Times</a>. 13 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200214150640/https://bylinetimes.com/2019/05/13/astroturfers-of-britain-part-two-who-is-behind-brexit-party-recruitment-and-its-pr-makeover/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2020. 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Retrieved 24 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=European+elections%3A+Leave+and+Remain+party+candidates&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Feuropean-elections-leave-and-remain-party-candidates-5txzr23c8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2019" class="citation news cs1">Anthony, Andrew (27 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/27/martin-daubney-nigel-farage-brexit-party-radioactive-wolves">"He shot radioactive wolves, dropped acid – and now he backs Nigel Farage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818225337/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/apr/27/martin-daubney-nigel-farage-brexit-party-radioactive-wolves">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=He+shot+radioactive+wolves%2C+dropped+acid+%E2%80%93+and+now+he+backs+Nigel+Farage&rft.date=2019-04-27&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fapr%2F27%2Fmartin-daubney-nigel-farage-brexit-party-radioactive-wolves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Brexit_Party2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brexit Party">The Brexit Party</a> [@brexitparty_uk] (25 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/brexitparty_uk/status/1121367753485635584">"Our latest candidate to be announced is @drdavidbull doctor, author and television presenter"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 28 April 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+latest+candidate+to+be+announced+is+%40drdavidbull+doctor%2C+author+and+television+presenter&rft.date=2019-04-25&rft.au=The+Brexit+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fbrexitparty_uk%2Fstatus%2F1121367753485635584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaplain2019" class="citation web cs1">Chaplain, Chloe (28 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/european-elections-2019-candidates-mep-who-standing-eu-vote-full-list/">"European elections 2019: the full list of MEP candidates standing in next month's EU vote"</a>. i (newspaper). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426041042/https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/european-elections-2019-candidates-mep-who-standing-eu-vote-full-list/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=i+%28newspaper%29&rft.atitle=European+elections+2019%3A+the+full+list+of+MEP+candidates+standing+in+next+month%27s+EU+vote&rft.date=2019-04-28&rft.aulast=Chaplain&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Feuropean-elections-2019-candidates-mep-who-standing-eu-vote-full-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2019" class="citation web cs1">Wilkinson, Graeme (29 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/vote-eu-elections-poll-brexit-2811117">"Vote in our EU elections poll as the Brexit row rumbles on"</a>. Cornwall Live. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501225832/https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/vote-eu-elections-poll-brexit-2811117">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornwall+Live&rft.atitle=Vote+in+our+EU+elections+poll+as+the+Brexit+row+rumbles+on&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwalllive.com%2Fnews%2Fcornwall-news%2Fvote-eu-elections-poll-brexit-2811117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongworth2019" class="citation news cs1">Longworth, John (14 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/04/14/standing-brexit-party/">"Why I'm standing for the Brexit Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/04/14/standing-brexit-party/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+I%27m+standing+for+the+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2019-04-14&rft.aulast=Longworth&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F14%2Fstanding-brexit-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/politics/enniskillen-bomb-campaigner-aileen-quinton-stands-for-brexit-party-at-european-election-1-8910201">"Enniskillen bomb campaigner Aileen Quinton stands for Brexit Party at European election"</a>. Newsletter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521191710/https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/politics/enniskillen-bomb-campaigner-aileen-quinton-stands-for-brexit-party-at-european-election-1-8910201">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsletter&rft.atitle=Enniskillen+bomb+campaigner+Aileen+Quinton+stands+for+Brexit+Party+at+European+election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsletter.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fenniskillen-bomb-campaigner-aileen-quinton-stands-for-brexit-party-at-european-election-1-8910201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48000600">"Brexit: Labour must back another referendum – Tom Watson"</a>. BBC News. 21 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422050701/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48000600">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+Labour+must+back+another+referendum+%E2%80%93+Tom+Watson&rft.date=2019-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48000600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince2019" class="citation news cs1">Prince, Emily (18 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420233809/https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/george-galloway-endorses-nigel-farage-1-6005487">"George Galloway backs Nigel Farage's new Brexit party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_European" title="The New European">The New European</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/george-galloway-endorses-nigel-farage-1-6005487">the original</a> on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+European&rft.atitle=George+Galloway+backs+Nigel+Farage%27s+new+Brexit+party&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theneweuropean.co.uk%2Ftop-stories%2Fgeorge-galloway-endorses-nigel-farage-1-6005487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2019" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Martin (18 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17582739.socialist-george-galloway-under-fire-for-backing-nigel-farages-brexit-party-in-eu-elections/">"Socialist George Galloway under fire for backing Nigel Farage's Brexit Party in EU elections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422092328/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17582739.socialist-george-galloway-under-fire-for-backing-nigel-farages-brexit-party-in-eu-elections/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=Socialist+George+Galloway+under+fire+for+backing+Nigel+Farage%27s+Brexit+Party+in+EU+elections&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2F17582739.socialist-george-galloway-under-fire-for-backing-nigel-farages-brexit-party-in-eu-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Montgomerie2019" class="citation web cs1">Tim Montgomerie [@montie] (24 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/montie/status/1120990769307889664">"I'd intended to abstain in the European Elections but as a resident of Wiltshire (part of the SW Region) I'll now be voting for @brexitparty_uk. I have always admired Ann Widdecombe and May's failure to put her in the Lords was a travesty. I'll be voting Widders with enthusiasm"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). 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BBC News. 24 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424190604/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-shropshire-48040513">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2019. 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Politics Home. 2 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504172657/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/news/103617/brexit-party-candidate-quits-over-colleague-claire-foxs">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politics+Home&rft.atitle=Brexit+Party+candidate+quits+over+colleague+Claire+Fox%27s+%27ambiguous+position%27+on+IRA+bombing&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicshome.com%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitical-parties%2Fnews%2F103617%2Fbrexit-party-candidate-quits-over-colleague-claire-foxs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKentish2019" class="citation news cs1">Kentish, Benjamin (18 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-party-farage-eu-election-opinion-poll-yougov-conservatives-ukip-a8875631.html">"Tories and Labour to lose out to Nigel Farage's Brexit Party in European elections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418080102/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-party-farage-eu-election-opinion-poll-yougov-conservatives-ukip-a8875631.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Tories+and+Labour+to+lose+out+to+Nigel+Farage%27s+Brexit+Party+in+European+elections&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft.aulast=Kentish&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fbrexit-party-farage-eu-election-opinion-poll-yougov-conservatives-ukip-a8875631.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aol.co.uk/news/2019/05/02/brexit-party-continues-to-surge-in-the-polls-for-the-european-el/">"Brexit Party continues to surge in the polls for the European elections as Change UK fall behind Lib Dems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>. 2 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502145435/https://www.aol.co.uk/news/2019/05/02/brexit-party-continues-to-surge-in-the-polls-for-the-european-el/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. 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The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+%27has+questions+to+answer%27+over+Reform+racism%2C+says+Rishi+Sunak&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Rowena&rft.au=Stacey%2C+Kiran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjun%2F28%2Fstarmer-shocked-by-reform-volunteers-racist-and-homophobic-comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ckmg1mldk0mo">"Reform UK activist's racial slur hurts, says Sunak"</a>. 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The Telegraph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Reform+candidate+defects+to+Tories+amid+racism+row&rft.date=2024-06-30&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.au=Hardaker%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F06%2F30%2Fpolitics-election-latest-news-sunak-farage-bbc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansfield2024" class="citation news cs1">Mansfield, Mark (30 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.cymru/news/reform-uk-candidate-drops-out-and-backs-tories-amid-racism-row/">"Reform UK candidate drops out and backs Tories amid racism row"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nation.Cymru" title="Nation.Cymru">Nation.Cymru</a>. 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Retrieved 18 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gloucestershirelive&rft.atitle=Gloucester+to+have+Brexit+Party%27s+first+ever+council+candidates&rft.date=2019-06-29&rft.aulast=Gibbon&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gloucestershirelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fgloucester-news%2Fgloucester-first-place-country-field-3032107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/26/local-byelections-lib-dems-win-two-seats-brexit-party-none">"Local byelections: Lib Dems win two seats, Brexit party none"</a>. The Guardian. 26 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726074021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/26/local-byelections-lib-dems-win-two-seats-brexit-party-none">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Local+byelections%3A+Lib+Dems+win+two+seats%2C+Brexit+party+none&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fjul%2F26%2Flocal-byelections-lib-dems-win-two-seats-brexit-party-none&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_Radio_Manchester2019" class="citation web cs1">BBC Radio Manchester [@BBCRadioManc] (3 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/BBCRadioManc/status/1146446174783778816">"The former Labour leader of Rochdale Council Colin Lambert has defected to the Brexit Party. He led the authority for three years between 2011 and 2014. Councillor Alan McCarthy is also joining the Brexit Party. He's resigned the Labour whip on Rochdale Council"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 6 July 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+former+Labour+leader+of+Rochdale+Council+Colin+Lambert+has+defected+to+the+Brexit+Party.+He+led+the+authority+for+three+years+between+2011+and+2014.+Councillor+Alan+McCarthy+is+also+joining+the+Brexit+Party.+He%27s+resigned+the+Labour+whip+on+Rochdale+Council.&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft.au=BBC+Radio+Manchester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FBBCRadioManc%2Fstatus%2F1146446174783778816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://democracy.rochdale.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=150">"Councillor details – Councillor Alan McCarthy"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Councillor+details+%E2%80%93+Councillor+Alan+McCarthy&rft.pub=Democracy.rochdale.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemocracy.rochdale.gov.uk%2FmgUserInfo.aspx%3FUID%3D150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatham2019" class="citation web cs1">Statham, Nick (10 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/liberal-democrat-councillor-stuns-colleagues-16563821">"Lib Dem councillor stuns colleagues by quitting to join The Brexit Party"</a>. men. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710182715/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/liberal-democrat-councillor-stuns-colleagues-16563821">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=men&rft.atitle=Lib+Dem+councillor+stuns+colleagues+by+quitting+to+join+The+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.aulast=Statham&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fgreater-manchester-news%2Fliberal-democrat-councillor-stuns-colleagues-16563821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-49030786">"UKIP councillors switch to Brexit Party"</a>. BBC News. 18 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190718223053/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-49030786">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UKIP+councillors+switch+to+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2019-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-south-yorkshire-49030786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/news/derby-news/derbys-five-ukip-councillors-defected-3096267">"Derby's five UKIP councillors have defected to the Brexit Party"</a>. Derby Telegraph. 16 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717153436/https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/news/derby-news/derbys-five-ukip-councillors-defected-3096267">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Derby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Derby%27s+five+UKIP+councillors+have+defected+to+the+Brexit+Party&rft.date=2019-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derbytelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fderby-news%2Fderbys-five-ukip-councillors-defected-3096267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tees-49686398">"Brexit Party takes control of Hartlepool Council"</a>. BBC News. 13 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917180051/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tees-49686398">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit+Party+takes+control+of+Hartlepool+Council&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-tees-49686398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/surrey-first-brexit-party-councillor-16939861">"Surrey has its first Brexit Party councillor but residents didn't get a say"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surrey+has+its+first+Brexit+Party+councillor+but+residents+didn%27t+get+a+say&rft.pub=Surrey+Live&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getsurrey.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fsurrey-news%2Fsurrey-first-brexit-party-councillor-16939861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tees-51400045">"Hartlepool Council no longer under Brexit Party control"</a>. BBC. 6 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508064838/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tees-51400045">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2021. 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Retrieved 11 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Local+election+results+in+maps+and+charts&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc8v36l6d54do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/politics/reform-uk-win-seats-in-havant-borough-council-4616419">"Reform UK on Havant Borough Council seats - residents want change"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reform+UK+on+Havant+Borough+Council+seats+-+residents+want+change&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portsmouth.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Freform-uk-win-seats-in-havant-borough-council-4616419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-68950267">"Reform UK becoming real opposition to Labour, says Richard Tice"</a>. BBC News. 3 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reform+UK+becoming+real+opposition+to+Labour%2C+says+Richard+Tice&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-68950267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdcdemocracy.tendringdc.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?bcr=1">"Your Councillors"</a>. tdcdemocracy.tendringdc.gov.uk. 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tdcdemocracy.tendringdc.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Your+Councillors&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftdcdemocracy.tendringdc.gov.uk%2FmgMemberIndex.aspx%3Fbcr%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkinson2024" class="citation web cs1">Parkinson, Shelagh (4 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/news/reform-uk-win-marton-by-election-in-blackpool-as-candidate-jim-oneill-takes-the-seat-from-labour-4811015">"Reform UK win Marton by-election in Blackpool as candidate Jim O'Neill takes the seat from Labour"</a>. Blackpool Gazette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blackpool+Gazette&rft.atitle=Reform+UK+win+Marton+by-election+in+Blackpool+as+candidate+Jim+O%27Neill+takes+the+seat+from+Labour&rft.date=2024-10-04&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=Shelagh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpoolgazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2Freform-uk-win-marton-by-election-in-blackpool-as-candidate-jim-oneill-takes-the-seat-from-labour-4811015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clyg2x6v9yzo">"Reform UK ousts Labour in local by-election"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 1 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Reform+UK+ousts+Labour+in+local+by-election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fclyg2x6v9yzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReform+UK" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>James Dennison. 2020. "<a href="//doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsaa026" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1093/pa/gsaa026">How Niche Parties React to Losing Their Niche: The Cases of the Brexit Party, the Green Party and Change UK.</a>" Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 73, Pages 125–141</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/conspiracy-theory-and-nationalist-groups-backed-reform-uk-at-general-election-13175679">Conspiracy theory and nationalist groups embraced Reform UK at general election</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. Published 10 July 2024.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reformparty.uk">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104721252#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">Renegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Referendum results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland protocol">Northern Ireland protocol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_negotiation_between_the_UK_and_the_EU" title="Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU">Trade negotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Framework" title="Windsor Framework">Windsor Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brexit" title="Timeline of Brexit">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendum question</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"<a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015#Referendum_question" title="European Union Referendum Act 2015">Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendum legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015" title="European Union Referendum Act 2015">European Union Referendum Act 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_(Date_of_Referendum_etc.)_Regulations_2016" title="European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016">European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union_Referendum_(Conduct)_Regulations_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016">The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">1972 Accession Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_opt-outs_from_EU_legislation" title="United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation">UK opt-outs from EU legislation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_relating_to_the_European_Communities_and_the_European_Union" title="Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the European Communities and the European Union">Legislation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(UK)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (UK)">European Communities Act 1972</a> <ul><li>Amendments: <a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1986" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1993" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1998" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_2002" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Amendment)_Act_2008" title="European Union (Amendment) Act 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Act_2011" title="European Union Act 2011">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area_Act_1993" title="European Economic Area Act 1993">European Economic Area Act 1993</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed bills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Bill_2004%E2%80%932005" title="European Union Bill 2004–2005">European Union Bill 2004–05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(Repeal)_Bills" title="European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills">European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Bill_2013%E2%80%9314" title="European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14">European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European Parliament election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By-elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">2014 Clacton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Heywood_and_Middleton_by-election" title="2014 Heywood and Middleton by-election">2014 Heywood and Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">2014 Rochester and Strood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Communities" title="Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities">UK accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973 EC enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">UK membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975 EC membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._No._No._(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="No. No. No. (Margaret Thatcher)">No. No. No.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Rebels" title="Maastricht Rebels">Maastricht Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">The European Union: In or Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_speech" title="Bloomberg speech">Bloomberg speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_Competences_Review" title="Balance of Competences Review">Balance of Competences Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">2015–16 renegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Euroscepticism in the UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Campaign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Issues in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Endorsements in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Fear" title="Project Fear">Project Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_unlawful_campaigning_in_the_2016_EU_referendum" title="Allegations of unlawful campaigning in the 2016 EU referendum">Unlawful campaigning allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Movie" title="Brexit: The Movie">Brexit: The Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-EU_leaflet" title="Pro-EU leaflet">Pro-EU leaflet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaign organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaign_organisations_supporting_Remain_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="List of campaign organisations supporting Remain in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Remain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Stronger_in_Europe" title="Britain Stronger in Europe">Britain Stronger in Europe</a> (official campaign)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_In_for_Britain" title="Labour In for Britain">Labour In for Britain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vote_Leave" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a> (official campaign)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave.EU" title="Leave.EU">Leave.EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeLeave" title="BeLeave">BeLeave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Out" title="Grassroots Out">Grassroots Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Leave" title="Labour Leave">Labour Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_an_Independent_Britain" title="Campaign for an Independent Britain">Campaign for an Independent Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Association" title="The Freedom Association">The Freedom Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_Off_Out" title="Better Off Out">Better Off Out</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Britain_Out" title="Get Britain Out">Get Britain Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Aftermath of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Aftermath of referendum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political party leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Conservative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 Conservative Party leadership election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2020_Scottish_Conservatives_leadership_election" title="February 2020 Scottish Conservatives leadership election">Scottish, February 2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">UKIP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Brexit" title="Opposition to Brexit">Opposition to Brexit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">Proposed second referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote">People's Vote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoke_Article_50_and_remain_in_the_EU_petition" title="Revoke Article 50 and remain in the EU petition">Petition to revoke Article 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_By_Donkeys" title="Led By Donkeys">Led By Donkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollocks_to_Brexit" title="Bollocks to Brexit">Bollocks to Brexit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2017 United Kingdom local elections">2017 local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2018 United Kingdom local elections">2018 local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2019 United Kingdom local elections">2019 local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By-elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Witney_by-election" title="2016 Witney by-election">2016 Witney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Richmond_Park_by-election" title="2016 Richmond Park by-election">2016 Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sleaford_and_North_Hykeham_by-election" title="2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham by-election">2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Copeland_by-election" title="2017 Copeland by-election">2017 Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Stoke-on-Trent_Central_by-election" title="2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election">2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Peterborough_by-election" title="2019 Peterborough by-election">2019 Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Brecon_and_Radnorshire_by-election" title="2019 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election">2019 Brecon and Radnorshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="International reactions to the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_to_Leave" class="mw-redirect" title="March to Leave">March to Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Alliance" title="Brexit Alliance">Brexit Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Collar_Conservativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Collar Conservativism">Blue Collar Conservativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Independent Alliance for Reform">Independent Alliance for Reform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union">Miller I case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_invocation_of_Article_50_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union">Invocation of Article 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_divorce_bill" title="Brexit divorce bill">Brexit divorce bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2017" title="Brexit negotiations in 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2018" title="Brexit negotiations in 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2019" title="Brexit negotiations in 2019">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">Parliamentary votes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-deal_Brexit" title="No-deal Brexit">No-deal Brexit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yellowhammer" title="Operation Yellowhammer">Operation Yellowhammer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_British_prorogation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 British prorogation controversy">Prorogation of Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_The_Prime_Minister_and_Cherry_v_Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland">Miller II / Cherry case</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_negotiation_between_the_UK_and_the_EU" title="Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU">Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_for_finance" title="Fish for finance">Fish for finance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of Brexit">Impact of Brexit and potential effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">on Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Northern_Ireland_Executive_formation" title="2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation">2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_the_Irish_border" title="Brexit and the Irish border">Brexit and the Irish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol" title="Northern Ireland Protocol">Northern Ireland Protocol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol_Bill" title="Northern Ireland Protocol Bill">proposed changes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea_border" title="Irish Sea border">Irish Sea border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Framework" title="Windsor Framework">Windsor Framework</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">on Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit_on_the_European_Union" title="Impact of Brexit on the European Union">on the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_arrangements_for_science_and_technology" title="Brexit and arrangements for science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_Brexit" title="Economic effects of Brexit">Economic effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">EU–UK relations after Brexit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">White papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_plan" title="Brexit plan">Brexit plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal_Bill_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal Bill plan">Repeal Bill plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chequers_plan" title="Chequers plan">Chequers plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement_plan" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement plan">Brexit withdrawal agreement plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enacted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Notification_of_Withdrawal)_Act_2017" title="European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017">Notification of Withdrawal Act 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">Withdrawal Act 2018</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Safeguards_Act_2018" title="Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018">Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019">Cooper–Letwin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_(No._2)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019">Benn Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020">Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Internal_Market_Act_2020" title="United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020"> Internal Market Act 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Future_Relationship)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020">Future Relationship Act 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Continuity)_(Scotland)_Act_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020">UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Withdrawal_from_EU_(Referendum)_Bills" title="Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills">Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Legal_Continuity)_(Scotland)_Bill_2018" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018">UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Withdrawal_Agreement_(Public_Vote)_Bill_2017%E2%80%9319" title="European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19">European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_50p_coin" title="Brexit 50p coin">Brexit 50p coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Britain" title="Change Britain">Change Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_with_Ed_Miliband" title="Chaos with Ed Miliband">Chaos with Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Research_Group" title="European Research Group">European Research Group</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Enemies_of_the_People_(headline)" title="Enemies of the People (headline)">Enemies of the People</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave_Means_Leave" title="Leave Means Leave">Leave Means Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_By_Donkeys" title="Led By Donkeys">Led By Donkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_United" title="More United">More United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Future_Forum" title="Northern Future Forum">Northern Future Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_European" title="The New European">The New European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Britain" title="Open Britain">Open Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_second_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="Proposed second Scottish independence referendum">Proposed second Scottish independence referendum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reform UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Brexit" title="Rue du Brexit">Rue du Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Brexit_terms" title="Glossary of Brexit terms">Terminology (Glossary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufton_Street" title="Tufton Street">Tufton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory" title="Voting pencil conspiracy theory">Voting pencil conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_EU_law_(UK_Law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retained EU law (UK Law)">Retained EU law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_in_popular_culture" title="Brexit in popular culture">Media depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remainiacs" class="mw-redirect" title="Remainiacs">Remainiacs</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_the_48%25" title="Postcards from the 48%">Postcards from the 48%</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_Tonight_(video_game)" title="Not Tonight (video game)">Not Tonight</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Uncivil_War" title="Brexit: The Uncivil War">Brexit: The Uncivil War</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BorderIrish" title="BorderIrish">@BorderIrish</a> (2018–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Brexit" title="Category:Brexit">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nigel_Farage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nigel_Farage" title="Template:Nigel Farage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nigel_Farage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nigel Farage (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nigel_Farage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nigel Farage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nigel_Farage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>MP for <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a> (2024–)</li> <li>Leader of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reform UK</a> (2024–present)</li> <li>Leader of <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">MEP for South East England</a> (1999–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">2010</a></li></ul></li> <li>European elections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">Clegg–Farage debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">EFFD</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 by-elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">Clacton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">Rochester & Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_in_United_Kingdom_constituencies_(2010%E2%80%932015)#South_Thanet" title="Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies (2010–2015)">South Thanet polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">UKIP leadership resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 European election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clacton_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Clacton in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">Clacton in the 2024 general election</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="3346" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/50px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/75px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/100px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="166" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Crowned_Portcullis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/50px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/75px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/100px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Out" title="Grassroots Out">Grassroots Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Point_(UKIP_poster)" title="Breaking Point (UKIP poster)">Breaking Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Results</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_vote_in_favour_of_Brexit" title="Causes of the vote in favour of Brexit">causes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Nigel_Farage" title="Political positions of Nigel Farage">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Nigel_Farage" title="Electoral history of Nigel Farage">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKIP:_The_First_100_Days" title="UKIP: The First 100 Days">UKIP: The First 100 Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Ukippers" title="Meet the Ukippers">Meet the Ukippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election#Electoral_pacts_and_unilateral_decisions" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">Conservative pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage_Coutts_bank_scandal" title="Nigel Farage Coutts bank scandal">Coutts bank scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKIP_Calypso" title="UKIP Calypso">UKIP Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Revolution:_The_Year_That_Changed_Everything" title="The Purple Revolution: The Year That Changed Everything">The Purple Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">The Nigel Farage Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_News" title="GB News">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Uncivil_War" title="Brexit: The Uncivil War">Brexit: The Uncivil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nigel_Farage" title="Category:Nigel Farage">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reform_UK_(formerly_the_Brexit_Party)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#12B6CF;color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reform_UK" title="Template:Reform UK"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reform_UK" title="Template talk:Reform UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reform_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reform UK"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reform_UK_(formerly_the_Brexit_Party)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reform UK</a> (formerly the Brexit Party)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#12B6CF;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blaiklock" title="Catherine Blaiklock">Catherine Blaiklock</a> (January–March 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;;width:1%">Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> (2019–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_Yusuf" title="Zia Yusuf">Zia Yusuf</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;;width:1%">Co-Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(television_presenter)" title="David Bull (television presenter)">David Bull</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Habib" title="Ben Habib">Ben Habib</a> (2023–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#12B6CF;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Political representation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Reform_UK_MPs" title="List of Reform UK MPs">MPs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Lee Anderson (British politician)">Lee Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Rupert Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McMurdock" title="James McMurdock">James McMurdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_European_Parliament" title="Ninth European Parliament">Ninth European Parliament</a> (elected in <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019</a> left Parliament <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Jan 2020</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bull_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bull (politician)">David Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Daubney" title="Martin Daubney">Martin Daubney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Forman" title="Lance Forman">Lance Forman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Fox" title="Claire Fox">Claire Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Glancy" title="James Glancy">James Glancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Habib" title="Ben Habib">Ben Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Harris_(politician)" title="Lucy Harris (politician)">Lucy Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heaver" title="Michael Heaver">Michael Heaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Jordan" title="Christina Jordan">Christina Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_England_Kerr" title="Andrew England Kerr">Andrew England Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Longworth_(businessman)" title="John Longworth (businessman)">John Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Lowe" title="Rupert Lowe">Rupert Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_de_Lucy" title="Belinda de Lucy">Belinda de Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Monteith" title="Brian Monteith">Brian Monteith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Mummery" title="June Mummery">June Mummery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Overgaard-Nielsen" title="Henrik Overgaard-Nielsen">Henrik Overgaard-Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Patten_(politician)" title="Matthew Patten (politician)">Matthew Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Phillips_(TV_presenter)" title="Alex Phillips (TV presenter)">Alex Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Pugh" title="Jake Pugh">Jake Pugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunziata_Rees-Mogg" title="Annunziata Rees-Mogg">Annunziata Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rowland_(politician)" title="Robert Rowland (politician)">Robert Rowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Stedman-Bryce" title="Louis Stedman-Bryce">Louis Stedman-Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tennant_(politician)" title="John Tennant (politician)">John Tennant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tice" title="Richard Tice">Richard Tice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wells_(British_politician)" title="James Wells (British politician)">James Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_European_Parliament" title="Eighth European Parliament">Eighth European Parliament</a> (elected on the UKIP list in <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Aker" title="Tim Aker">Tim Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arnott" title="Jonathan Arnott">Jonathan Arnott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coburn_(politician)" title="David Coburn (politician)">David Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Finch" title="Ray Finch">Ray Finch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Reid" title="Julia Reid">Julia Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Seymour" title="Jill Seymour">Jill Seymour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a> (elected on the UKIP list in <a href="/wiki/2016_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2016 National Assembly for Wales election">2016</a> or subsequently co-opted)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Jones_(politician)" title="Caroline Jones (politician)">Caroline Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandy_Jones_(politician)" title="Mandy Jones (politician)">Mandy Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rowlands_(politician)" title="David Rowlands (politician)">David Rowlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> (co-opted on the Conservative list in <a href="/wiki/2016_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2016 Scottish Parliament election">2016</a> not re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ballantyne" title="Michelle Ballantyne">Michelle Ballantyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> (elected in <a href="/wiki/2024_London_Assembly_election" title="2024 London Assembly election">2024</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Wilson_(British_politician)" title="Alex Wilson (British politician)">Alex Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFEBF2;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party_election_results" title="Brexit Party election results">Brexit Party election results</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK_election_results" title="Reform UK election results">Reform UK election results</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Derby" title="Reform Derby">Reform Derby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK%E2%80%93TUV_alliance" title="Reform UK–TUV alliance">Reform UK–TUV alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_Contract_with_You" title="Our Contract with You">2024 general election manifestos/contract</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Political parties in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Political parties in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legislatures of the United Kingdom">Legislatures of the United Kingdom</a> (and their current compositions)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (650)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (404, including 43 <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative_Party" title="Labour and Co-operative Party">Labour Co-op</a>*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>† (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (5)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reform</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green (E&W)</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">TUV</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">UUP</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> (13)‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (805)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">Crossbenchers</a> (184)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (187)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">UUP</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green (E&W)</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords#List_of_Non-affiliated_Peers" title="Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords">Non-affiliated</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords#List_of_Independent_Peers" title="Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords">Independents</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Lords Spiritual</a> (25)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> (129)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a> (22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Party" title="Alba Party">Alba</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament">Presiding Officer</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a> (60)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a> (30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> (90)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Unionist" title="Independent Unionist">Independent Unionists</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Nationalist" title="Independent Nationalist">Independent Nationalist</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a> (25)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">London Conservatives</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Green_Party" title="London Green Party">London Greens</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">London Liberal Democrats</a> (2)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reform UK</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolish_the_Welsh_Assembly_Party" title="Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party">Abolish the Welsh Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Party" title="Animal Welfare Party">Animal Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspire_(political_party)" title="Aspire (political party)">Aspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Peoples_Alliance" title="Christian Peoples Alliance">Christian Peoples Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green (NI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Party_(UK)" title="Heritage Party (UK)">Heritage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Justice_%26_Anti-Corruption_Party" title="The Justice & Anti-Corruption Party">Justice & Anti-Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Independents" title="Lincolnshire Independents">Lincolnshire Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propel_(political_party)" title="Propel (political party)">Propel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_Party" title="Reclaim Party">Reclaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejoin_EU" title="Rejoin EU">Rejoin EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party" title="Women's Equality Party">Women's Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Britain" title="Workers Party of Britain">Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Party" title="Yorkshire Party">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">*<a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a> candidates stand jointly with the Labour Party. ‡5 independent MPs work together in the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Alliance_(UK)" title="Independent Alliance (UK)">Independent Alliance</a> <a href="/wiki/Technical_group" title="Technical group">technical group</a>. †Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionists</a> do not take their seats.</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_representation" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom by representation">List of political parties by representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_Independence_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UKIP" title="Template:UKIP"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FDEE00">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UKIP" title="Template talk:UKIP"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FDEE00">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UKIP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UKIP"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FDEE00">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_Independence_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_Independence_Party_leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK Independence Party leaders">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sked" title="Alan Sked">Alan Sked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes_(politician)" title="Michael Holmes (politician)">Michael Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Pearson,_Baron_Pearson_of_Rannoch" title="Malcolm Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch">Lord Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bolton_(British_politician)" title="Henry Bolton (British politician)">Henry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Braine_(politician)" title="Richard Braine (politician)">Richard Braine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Mountain_(politician)" title="Pat Mountain (politician)">Patricia Mountain</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddy_Vachha" title="Freddy Vachha">Freddy Vachha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Booth" title="Graham Booth">Graham Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Monckton,_3rd_Viscount_Monckton_of_Brenchley" title="Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley">Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(politician)" title="Peter Whittle (politician)">Peter Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Mountain_(politician)" title="Pat Mountain (politician)">Patricia Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Jane" title="Rebecca Jane">Rebecca Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Tenconi" title="Nick Tenconi">Nick Tenconi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lott" title="David Lott">David Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrina_Holdsworth" title="Petrina Holdsworth">Petrina Holdsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whittaker_(UKIP_politician)" title="John Whittaker (UKIP politician)">John Whittaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crowther" title="Steve Crowther">Steve Crowther</a></li> <li>Paul Oakden</li> <li>Tony McIntyre</li> <li>Kirstan Herriot</li> <li>Ben Walker</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Neil Hamilton (politician)">Neil Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Evans" title="Suzanne Evans">Suzanne Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a></li> <li>Pete Muswell (interim)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treasurers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mackinlay" title="Craig Mackinlay">Craig Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Andreasen" title="Marta Andreasen">Marta Andreasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Wheeler" title="Stuart Wheeler">Stuart Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Reid_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Reid (lawyer)">Andrew Reid</a></li> <li>Mark Harland</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><div id="Organisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">2006 leadership (Farage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2009 UK Independence Party leadership election">2009 leadership (Pearson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">2010 leadership (Farage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">July–September 2016 leadership (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October%E2%80%93November_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="October–November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">October–November 2016 leadership (Nuttall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 UK Independence Party leadership election">2017 leadership (Bolton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 UK Independence Party leadership election">2018 leadership (Batten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 UK Independence Party leadership election">2019 leadership (Braine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 UK Independence Party leadership election">2020 leadership (Vachha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2021 UK Independence Party leadership election">2021 leadership (Hamilton)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 UK Independence Party leadership election (page does not exist)">2024 leadership election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party_representation_and_election_results" title="UK Independence Party representation and election results">National Electoral Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_League" title="Anti-Federalist League">Anti-Federalist League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breakaway groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(political_party)" title="Veritas (political party)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Deal_(British_political_party)" title="New Deal (British political party)">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_London" title="One London">One London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Alliance" title="Brexit Alliance">Brexit Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Demand_a_Referendum_Now" title="We Demand a Referendum Now">We Demand a Referendum Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_from_Europe" title="Independence from Europe">Independence from Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Independents" title="Thurrock Independents">Thurrock Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brexit Party/Reform UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6D3177;color:#FDEE00;"><div id="Political_representation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political representation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former MEPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Agnew" title="Stuart Agnew">Stuart Agnew</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Aker" title="Tim Aker">Tim Aker</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Andreasen" title="Marta Andreasen">Marta Andreasen</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arnott" title="Jonathan Arnott">Jonathan Arnott</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Bashir" title="Amjad Bashir">Amjad Bashir</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Bloom" title="Godfrey Bloom">Godfrey Bloom</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Booth" title="Graham Booth">Graham Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bours" title="Louise Bours">Louise Bours</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bufton" title="John Bufton">John Bufton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bullock" title="Jonathan Bullock">Jonathan Bullock</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carver" title="James Carver">James Carver</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Clark" title="Derek Clark">Derek Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coburn_(politician)" title="David Coburn (politician)">David Coburn</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Colman" title="Trevor Colman">Trevor Colman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Dartmouth</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Finch" title="Ray Finch">Ray Finch</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gill" title="Nathan Gill">Nathan Gill</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Helmer" title="Roger Helmer">Roger Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holmes_(politician)" title="Michael Holmes (politician)">Michael Holmes</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilroy-Silk" title="Robert Kilroy-Silk">Robert Kilroy-Silk</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Knapman" title="Roger Knapman">Roger Knapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Mote" title="Ashley Mote">Ashley Mote</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nattrass" title="Mike Nattrass">Mike Nattrass</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">Patrick O'Flynn</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Reid" title="Julia Reid">Julia Reid</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Sinclaire" title="Nikki Sinclaire">Nikki Sinclaire</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Titford" title="Jeffrey Titford">Jeffrey Titford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whittaker_(UKIP_politician)" title="John Whittaker (UKIP politician)">John Whittaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wise_(politician)" title="Tom Wise (politician)">Tom Wise</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Woolfe" title="Steven Woolfe">Steven Woolfe</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Seymour" title="Jill Seymour">Jill Seymour</a> (defected)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former MPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Carswell" title="Douglas Carswell">Douglas Carswell</a> (defected)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Reckless" title="Mark Reckless">Mark Reckless</a> (voted out)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Spink" title="Bob Spink">Bob Spink</a> (voted out)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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from Commons</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: People <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104721252#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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