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search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="ws-noexport"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14688030">.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-mainblock{border:1px solid #ACA;background-color:#E6F2E6;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-notes{border-bottom:1px solid #A0A0A0;background-color:#FAFAFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .contributor-text{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #header-title-text{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #ws-data{display:none}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #ws-data.ws-data-show{display:block}</style></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14182871">.mw-parser-output .wst-header-mainblock{margin:4px auto 4px auto;padding:0 3px;display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back,.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{display:flex;flex:1 4 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wst-unknown-mainblock headertemplate"><div class="wst-header-back searchaux wst-unknown-back wst-header-nav-empty"><div class="wst-header-back-arrow">←</div><div class="wst-header-back-link"></div></div><div class="wst-header-central-cell wst-unknown-central-cell"><span class="wst-header-title wst-unknown-title"><span id="header-title-text">The New International Encyclopædia</span> (<span id="header-year-text">1902</span>)<br id="header-title-break" /><span class="contributor-text">edited by <span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Author:Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Author:Daniel Coit Gilman">Daniel Coit Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Author:Harry_Thurston_Peck" title="Author:Harry Thurston Peck">Harry Thurston Peck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Frank_Moore_Colby" title="Author:Frank Moore Colby">Frank Moore Colby</a></span></span></span></div><div class="wst-header-forward searchaux wst-unknown-forward wst-header-nav-empty"><div class="wst-header-forward-link"></div><div 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href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">sister projects</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclopedia" class="extiw" title="w:The New International Encyclopedia">Wikipedia article</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_International_Encyclopedia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:New International Encyclopedia">Commons category</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029706" class="extiw" title="d:Q1029706">Wikidata item</a></li></ul><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13856904">.mw-parser-output .wst-shortcut{display:table;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #999;margin:2px 0px 2px 8px;float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .wst-shortcut>div{display:table-row-group;background-color:#fff}.mw-parser-output .wst-shortcut>div>div{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .wst-shortcut>div>div>div{display:table-cell;font-size:86%;font-weight:bold;padding:4px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incomplete-document.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Incomplete-document.svg/48px-Incomplete-document.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Incomplete-document.svg/72px-Incomplete-document.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Incomplete-document.svg/96px-Incomplete-document.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This work is <b>incomplete</b>. <i>If you'd like to help expand it, see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">help pages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Style_guide" title="Wikisource:Style guide">style guide</a>, or leave a comment on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="Talk:The New International Encyclopædia">talk page</a>.</i> <br /><div style="font-size: small">(sources: see <a href="/wiki/Talk:The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="Talk:The New International Encyclopædia">Information about this edition</a>)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Project_Disclaimer" class="mw-redirect" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Project Disclaimer">Disclaimer for this project</a>.</li></ul> </div></div><div class="ws-noexport" id="ws-data" style="speak:none"><span id="ws-article-id">649467</span><span id="ws-title">The New International Encyclopædia</span><span id="ws-editor"><a href="/wiki/Author:Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Author:Daniel Coit Gilman">Daniel Coit Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Author:Harry_Thurston_Peck" title="Author:Harry Thurston Peck">Harry Thurston Peck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author:Frank_Moore_Colby" title="Author:Frank Moore Colby">Frank Moore Colby</a></span></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13089542">.mw-parser-output .wst-center{text-align:center;display:table;margin:0 auto 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wst-center.wst-center-nomargin>p{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="wst-center tiInherit wst-center-nomargin"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg/700px-NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg/1050px-NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg/1400px-NIE_1905_Frontispiece_-_The_World.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3281" data-file-height="1766" /></a></span> </p><p><br /> <span style="line-height:1.50em;display:inline-block;font-size:120%;"><b>Volumes</b></span> </p> </div> <table style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_I_A_-_Aristogoras" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume I A - Aristogoras">I A - Aristogoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_II_Aristarchus_-_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume II Aristarchus - Bessières">II Aristarchus - Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_III_Bessus_-_Cairns" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume III Bessus - Cairns">III Bessus - Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_IV_Cairo_-_Classification_of_Ships" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume IV Cairo - Classification of Ships">IV Cairo - Classification of Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_V_Classis_-_Da_Vinci" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume V Classis - Da Vinci">V Classis - Da Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_VI_Davioud_-_Ellery" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume VI Davioud - Ellery">VI Davioud - Ellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_VII_Ellesmere_-_Fontanel" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume VII Ellesmere - Fontanel">VII Ellesmere - Fontanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_VIII_Fontanes_-_Goethe" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume VIII Fontanes - Goethe">VIII Fontanes - Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_IX_Goethite_-_Heritable_Jurisdictions" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume IX Goethite - Heritable Jurisdictions">IX Goethite - Heritable Jurisdictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_X_Herjulfson_-_Ishpeming" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume X Herjulfson - Ishpeming">X Herjulfson - Ishpeming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XI_Ishtar_-_Latitudinarians" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XI Ishtar - Latitudinarians">XI Ishtar - Latitudinarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XII_Latium_-_Manna" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XII Latium - Manna">XII Latium - Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XIII_Manna-Croup_-_Morganitic_Marriage" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XIII Manna-Croup - Morganitic Marriage">XIII Manna-Croup - Morganitic Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XIV_Morgan_City_-_Omul" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XIV Morgan City - Omul">XIV Morgan City - Omul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XV_Ona_-_Pickering" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XV Ona - Pickering">XV Ona - Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XVI_Pickersgill_-_Reid" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XVI Pickersgill - Reid">XVI Pickersgill - Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XVII_Reifferscheid_-_Servian_Wall" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XVII Reifferscheid - Servian Wall">XVII Reifferscheid - Servian Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XVIII_Service-berry_-_Tagus" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XVIII Service-berry - Tagus">XVIII Service-berry - Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XIX_Taharka_-_Vampire" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XIX Taharka - Vampire">XIX Taharka - Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Volume_XX_Van_-_Zyrians" title="The New International Encyclopædia/Volume XX Van - Zyrians">XX Van - Zyrians</a></li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13860676/mw-parser-output/.prp-pages-output">.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output .wst-rh-3>:first-child,.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output .wst-rh-3>:last-child{text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:bold;width:45%}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output .wst-rh-3>:nth-child(2){width:10%}</style><span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="Title" data-page-number="Title" data-page-name="Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/9" data-page-index="9" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_1st_ed._v._01.djvu/9"><span id="pageindex_9" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span> </p> <table style="margin:0 auto 0 auto;border-spacing:0;;border:1px solid black;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;">  </td> <td style="padding:0;"> <table style="border:1px solid black;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;text-align:center;"> <p><span style="letter-spacing: 1ex;"><span style="font-size:182%;">THE NEW</span></span> </p><p><span style="letter-spacing: 1ex;"><span style="font-size:182%;">INTERNATIONAL</span></span> </p><p><span style="letter-spacing: 1ex;"><span style="font-size:182%;">ENCYCLOPÆDIA</span></span> </p><p><span class="templateunderlined" style="text-decoration-thickness:auto;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-style:double;"><span class="wst-gap __gap" style="display:inline-block; inline-size:2em"></span></span> </p><p><br /> EDITORS </p><p>DANIEL COIT GILMAN, LL. D. </p><p><span style="font-size:69%;">PRESIDENT OF JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY (1876-1901)</span> </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9031029">.mw-parser-output .nowrap,.mw-parser-output .nowrap a:before,.mw-parser-output .nowrap .selflink:before{white-space:nowrap}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9031029"><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:69%;"><span class="wst-gap __gap" style="display:inline-block; inline-size:10em"></span>AFTERWARDS PRESIDENT OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON<span class="wst-gap __gap" style="display:inline-block; inline-size:10em"></span></span></span> </p><p>HARRY THURSTON PECK, P<span style="font-size: 83%;">H</span>. D., L. H. D. </p><p><span style="font-size:69%;">PROFESSOR IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY</span> </p><p>FRANK MOORE COLBY, M. A. </p><p><span style="font-size:69%;">LATE PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS</span> </p><p><span style="font-size:69%;">IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY</span> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> VOLUME I </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> <span style="font-size: 120%;">NEW YORK</span> </p><p><span style="font-size: 120%;">DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY</span> </p><p><span style="font-size: 120%;">1905</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="padding:0;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;">  </td></tr></tbody></table>  </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14318802">.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer{box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.25em;clear:both;width:auto;page-break-before:always;break-before:page}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child{display:table;border:2px solid #88A;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0 0;empty-cells:hide;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto 0 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