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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tribunal_de_commerce&params=48.8559_N_2.3468_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8559°N 2.3468°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8559; 2.3468</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French courts handling commercial cases</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce%2C_2009.jpg/250px-Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce%2C_2009.jpg/375px-Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce%2C_2009.jpg/500px-Parigi_-_Tribunal_de_Commerce%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tribunal_de_commerce_de_Paris" title="Tribunal de commerce de Paris">Tribunal de commerce de Paris</a>, 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <i><b>tribunal de commerce</b></i> (plural <i><b>tribunaux de commerce</b></i>, literally "commercial courts") are the oldest courts in the <a href="/wiki/Justice_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice in France">French judicial organization</a>. They were created at the end of the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tribunal_de_commerce&params=48.8559_N_2.3468_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.8559°N 2.3468°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.8559; 2.3468</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Business_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Business courts">commercial court</a> has jurisdiction over commercial cases: disputes between merchants, disputes over commercial acts, controversies involving commercial corporations, and bankruptcy proceedings. </p><p>The judges of the commercial courts are not career judges but elected traders. They are elected for terms of two or four years by an electoral college made up of current and former judges of the commercial courts and traders’ delegates (délégués consulaires), who are themselves traders elected in the area within the jurisdiction of the court. </p><p>There are 134 commercial courts in France.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_de_commerce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice in France">Justice in France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Droit_p%C3%A9nal_en_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Droit pénal en France (page does not exist)">Droit pénal en France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_criminal_law" class="extiw" title="fr:French criminal law">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_p%C3%A9nal_(France)" title="Code pénal (France)">Code pénal (France)</a> (Penal code) - Distinguish from <i>Code de procédure pénale</i> (Code of penal procedure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a> - in <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> jurisdictions; does not apply in France - See <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal (France)">Court of Appeal (France)</a> for appeals under French (<a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil</a>) law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal (France)">Court of Appeal (France)</a> - differs considerably from common law jurisdictions - See <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a> for appeals in common law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour_d%27assise" class="mw-redirect" title="Cour d'assise">Cour d'assise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Cassation">Court of Cassation</a> -general discussion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(France)" title="Court of Cassation (France)">Court of Cassation (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_de_grande_instance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunal de grande instance (page does not exist)">Tribunal de grande instance</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_de_grande_instance" class="extiw" title="fr:Tribunal de grande instance">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Tribunal_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Tribunal (France)">Police Tribunal (France)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_de_commerce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chambersandpartners.com/guide/practice-guides/location/241/6593/1418-200">FRANCE - LAW & PRACTICE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_ordinary_courts-18-fr-en.do?member=1">Ordinary courts - France</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_de_commerce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greffe-tc-paris.fr/en/">Court Registrar of the Commercial Court of Paris</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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