CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Procopius: Buildings | New at LacusCurtius & Livius</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//x.bidswitch.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.criteo.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ib.adnxs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//aax.amazon-adsystem.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//bidder.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cas.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gum.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//tpc.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ad.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//googleads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagservices.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.g.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.swid.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//a.teads.tv' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid.media.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//adserver-us.adtech.advertising.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fastlane.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid-server.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hb-api.omnitagjs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//mtrx.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//apex.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//u.openx.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="New at LacusCurtius & Livius » Feed" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="New at LacusCurtius & Livius » Comments Feed" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="New at LacusCurtius & Livius » Procopius: Buildings Comments Feed" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.7.2-RC1-59780"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyFkF0OgkAMhC/kWpAYfDGeZWHrutL9Ce1KuL1AjERN8HHa+WbSwpBUG4NgEGgoWpUoWxcYhtgbbRgsxUbTvmXewT/vsvRJ1OPwA/i82p2xKAyYp23sHCrSA8wkaUEGlpFwK+COknTbvTRwDuCjyTSxPc4ZRqXI8qW2Esl1uOYuavtkr/sOxQWrGt3DZP2cbHW5cHXByQhyQz+1pty8PzdzF38u66oui1NxrO5PWmGczw==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzEEOwiAQheELCUNtU1fGswCdEFoEMjPUcHurG3cuunx5+X54VeVLFswCNbUQM0Nox3RI4XgIYb8abfQIrsW0gEvFbypFR5Y6sPSE2jNf4G/oqxhWlGo/3PbSRAWKy9kEWYk58I8/nvfhNpl5HofJrG8ww0/G&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jcEKg0AMRH+oaVhorR7Eb9E16IpZg8min2889FZ6GYbhPQYPgbhlo2zIBWQtU8qKcdvJd5be0AmmMfW0Ejv2jKoP/K0daZzIXNdvB6PzvyJ+A8MgO6mCJ6fCYLN/6e113IZXU9WfUL/DcgHSTkDo&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1737671034i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1738686361' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/style.css?m=1448660486i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9HPLdUtyClNz8wr1i9KTcrJTwcy0/WTi5G5ekCujj52Temp+bo5+cmJJZn5eSgc3bScxMwikFb7XFtDE1NLExMLc0OTLACohS2q&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-15-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-18-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcsKQjEMBX/ImlsQry7ET5GahrbXNCmmRfx7H7gRN+7OwGEGbs2hSifpUIdrPFIRg4V6C3j5MNgQqBoHk4HlcKUYYry/Z5G0RrMV/C06FUEwxRLYsSa1L/iR9Uz1mc0bSKznwK/DsR787Kd5P/ntbnkAuNBIYA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"2325967","postID":"5861","siteURL":"http:\/\/rambambashi.wordpress.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/rambambashi.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"babdd1b383","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9L5B-1wx","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/reader\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Shortlink copied to clipboard."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJxdjd0KwjAMhV/ILGjRXYmPIl1bRmubhiZ1+vZuIKJeHT7OHy4MrpIGUiwdOPc5kmAKytbd3ozSCa+RHE49Zo8tZKvBA1dR+aWhRBqS7PBrN62ZrMCtPp7/3pTr/HldavPWC7hsRYJsRVcY74dNgCrB7LmtE5dy3o/GjKejMSa9AH5ZR9Y='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p9L5B-1wx' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Frambambashi.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fprocopius-buildings%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Frambambashi.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fprocopius-buildings%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Procopius: Buildings" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Although the Buildings, in its English translation by Dewing (Loeb edition), has been on Lacus since 2003, the original Greek was not, nor was it to be found anywhere else online; and for years tho…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2012-04-19T09:16:37+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2012-04-19T09:43:30+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="New at LacusCurtius & Livius" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/Images/Roman/Greek_squiggles.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="150" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="100" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="249643311490" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Procopius: Buildings" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/Images/Roman/Greek_squiggles.png?w=144" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/osd.xml" title="New at LacusCurtius & Livius" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <meta name="description" content="Although the Buildings, in its English translation by Dewing (Loeb edition), has been on Lacus since 2003, the original Greek was not, nor was it to be found anywhere else online; and for years those who visited my orientation page have been reading there, "I have no intention of transcribing the original Greek text: the…" /> <style type="text/css"> #headerimg{ background: url(https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/header.jpg) no-repeat; } #header h1 a, .description { color:#E5F2E9; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wa_smart = { 'network_id': 3905, 'site_id': 474853, 'page_id': 1572546, 'blog_id': 2325967, 'post_id': 5861, 'theme': 'pub/contempt', 'target': 'wp_blog_id=2325967;language=en', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'top': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135099 }, 'inline': { 'enabled': true, 'format_id': 110354, 'max_slots': 20, 'max_blaze_slots': 20 }, 'belowpost': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134071 }, 'bottom_sticky': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 117571 }, 'sidebar': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134686 }, 'sidebar_sticky_right': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135281 }, 'gutenberg_rectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134788 }, 'gutenberg_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135073 }, 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135098 }, 'gutenberg_skyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135088 }, 'sidebar_widget_mediumrectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137624 }, 'sidebar_widget_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137625 }, 'sidebar_widget_wideskyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137626 }, 'shortcode': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137678 } }; wa_smart.cmd = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function __ATA_CC() {var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?personalized-ads-consent=([^;]*)(;|$)');return v ? 1 : 0;} var __ATA_PP = { 'pt': 1, 'ht': 0, 'tn': 'contempt', 'uloggedin': 0, 'amp': false, 'consent': __ATA_CC(), 'gdpr_applies': false, 'ad': { 'label': { 'text': 'Advertisements' }, 'reportAd': { 'text': 'Report this ad' } }, 'disabled_slot_formats': [ 'IAD' ], 'siteid': 8982, 'blogid': 2325967 }; var __ATA = __ATA || {}; __ATA.cmd = __ATA.cmd || []; __ATA.criteo = __ATA.criteo || {}; __ATA.criteo.cmd = __ATA.criteo.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var g=Date.now||function(){return+new Date};function h(a,b){a:{for(var c=a.length,d="string"==typeof a?a.split(""):a,e=0;e<c;e++)if(e in d&&b.call(void 0,d[e],e,a)){b=e;break a}b=-1}return 0>b?null:"string"==typeof a?a.charAt(b):a[b]};function k(a,b,c){c=null!=c?"="+encodeURIComponent(String(c)):"";if(b+=c){c=a.indexOf("#");0>c&&(c=a.length);var d=a.indexOf("?");if(0>d||d>c){d=c;var e=""}else e=a.substring(d+1,c);a=[a.substr(0,d),e,a.substr(c)];c=a[1];a[1]=b?c?c+"&"+b:b:c;a=a[0]+(a[1]?"?"+a[1]:"")+a[2]}return a};var l=0;function m(a,b){var c=document.createElement("script");c.src=a;c.onload=function(){b&&b(void 0)};c.onerror=function(){b&&b("error")};a=document.getElementsByTagName("head");var d;a&&0!==a.length?d=a[0]:d=document.documentElement;d.appendChild(c)}function n(a){var b=void 0===b?document.cookie:b;return(b=h(b.split("; "),function(c){return-1!=c.indexOf(a+"=")}))?b.split("=")[1]:""}function p(a){return"string"==typeof a&&0<a.length} function r(a,b,c){b=void 0===b?"":b;c=void 0===c?".":c;var d=[];Object.keys(a).forEach(function(e){var f=a[e],q=typeof f;"object"==q&&null!=f||"function"==q?d.push(r(f,b+e+c)):null!==f&&void 0!==f&&(e=encodeURIComponent(b+e),d.push(e+"="+encodeURIComponent(f)))});return d.filter(p).join("&")}function t(a,b){a||((window.__ATA||{}).config=b.c,m(b.url))}var u=Math.floor(1E13*Math.random()),v=window.__ATA||{};window.__ATA=v;window.__ATA.cmd=v.cmd||[];v.rid=u;v.createdAt=g();var w=window.__ATA||{},x="s.pubmine.com"; w&&w.serverDomain&&(x=w.serverDomain);var y="//"+x+"/conf",z=window.top===window,A=window.__ATA_PP&&window.__ATA_PP.gdpr_applies,B="boolean"===typeof A?Number(A):null,C=window.__ATA_PP||null,D=z?document.referrer?document.referrer:null:null,E=z?window.location.href:document.referrer?document.referrer:null,F,G=n("__ATA_tuuid");F=G?G:null;var H=window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight,I=n("usprivacy"),J=r({gdpr:B,pp:C,rid:u,src:D,ref:E,tuuid:F,vp:H,us_privacy:I?I:null},"","."); (function(a){var b=void 0===b?"cb":b;l++;var c="callback__"+g().toString(36)+"_"+l.toString(36);a=k(a,b,c);window[c]=function(d){t(void 0,d)};m(a,function(d){d&&t(d)})})(y+"?"+J);}).call(this); </script> <script> var sas_fallback = sas_fallback || []; sas_fallback.push( { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 120,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'belowpost' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 310,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'inline' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 140,formFactor: \'003\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'sidebar' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 110,formFactor: \'002\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'top' } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.doNotSellCallback = function() { var linkElements = [ 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=vertical_footer"]', 'a[href^="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_segment_"]', ].join(','); var dnsLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); dnsLink.href = 'https://wordpress.com/advertising-program-optout/'; dnsLink.classList.add( 'do-not-sell-link' ); dnsLink.rel = 'nofollow'; dnsLink.style.marginLeft = '0.5em'; dnsLink.textContent = 'Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information'; var creditLinks = document.querySelectorAll( linkElements ); if ( 0 === creditLinks.length ) { return false; } Array.prototype.forEach.call( creditLinks, function( el ) { el.insertAdjacentElement( 'afterend', dnsLink ); }); return true; }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.google_analytics_uacct = "UA-52447-2"; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-52447-2']); _gaq.push(['_gat._anonymizeIp']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'wordpress.com']); _gaq.push(['_initData']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-5861 single-format-standard customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled has-marketing-bar has-marketing-bar-theme-contempt"> <div id="page"> <div id="header"> <div id="headerimg" onclick="location.href='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com';" style="cursor: pointer;"> <h1><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/">New at LacusCurtius & Livius</a></h1> <div class="description"></div> </div> </div> <ul id="pagebar" class="menu pagebar"><li ><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/">Home</a></li><li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/about/">About…</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-5717"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/book-reviews/">Book Reviews</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2634"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/common-errors/">Common Errors</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2880"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/museums/">Museums</a></li> </ul> <div id="grad" style="height: 65px; width: 100%; background: url(https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blue_flower/topgrad.jpg);"> </div> <div id="content" class="widecolumn"> <div class="post-5861 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-history category-byzantium category-classics category-lacuscurtius category-online-texts tag-byzantine-architecture tag-polytonic-greek tag-procopius" id="post-5861"> <h2>Procopius: Buildings</h2> <div class="entry"> <div style="width: 160px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/Images/Roman/Greek_squiggles.png" alt="" width="150" height="100" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Byzantine squiggles:<br />a rather mild example.</p></div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Although the <em>Buildings</em>, in its English translation by Dewing (Loeb edition), has been on Lacus since 2003, the original Greek was not, nor was it to be found anywhere else online; and for years those who visited my orientation page have been reading there, “I have no intention of transcribing the original Greek text: the paucity of readers of ancient Greek out there make it a case of diminishing returns.”</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">It’s probably still true. The anecdotal evidence I have is that people who read Greek also have access to the TLG. But it recently became useful to me to run a software test on a product I’m developing, and since I’ve been unable to find the Greek text of the <em>Buildings</em> online, other than in a xerox of Migne (wonderful in its time but not so reliable and somewhat superseded by more recent text scholarship) the <em>Buildings</em> became my test document. Perseus has the Greek text of the <em>Wars</em> and of the <em>Secret History</em>, which are also reproduced in a GoogleBooks/Archive.Org xerox: ‘my’ <em>Buildings</em>, when complete, will put all of Procopius online.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">All this by way of saying that <a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Buildings/home.html#B1" target="index"><strong>Book I</strong></a> of the Greek text of the <em>Buildings</em> has now joined its English translation onsite, in 3 webpages. As elsewhere onsite, the text and the translation are crosslinked, if for now only rudimentarily: I’ll be putting in the chapter-by-chapter crosslinks, by and by. The other Books are on their way.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The “software product” — an overblown name for it, but hey, ya do computer stuff, ya follow da rules and give it a fancy IP-sounding moniker — may be more important than the test document. I mentioned it <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/03/20/damn-people/">in an earlier post</a>: an automatic text expander that lets you type ancient (polytonic) Greek without worrying about the breathings and accents. For those few who input even a small amount of Greek from time to time, it’s a boon; currently catching about 92% of non-technical text, and not much less even of text with high technical content. The expander, which runs on Macintosh only, takes the form of a Typinator “set” which works nicely now, but the good folks at Typinator <a href="http://www.ergonis.com/products/typinator/" target="offsite">(see their website)</a> have asked me to hold off on releasing it until they in turn update Typinator to its next version: as a beta-tester for them I’d found some minor bugs, impacting the handling of Greek, that they’ve now fixed; but their new version is not available yet. The set will be available on their site and on mine, very likely within a coupla weeks.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">At any rate, the test succeeded. I hadn’t used any of Procopius to create the expander dictionary, but my set caught about 90% of his somewhat technical text, and frankly, without it I would never have been able to input 45 pages of ancient Greek in three days; and typing in all the squiggles one by one is so depressing that I wouldn’t have tried: it’s currently the longest Greek text on my site. (Yes, you still have to proofread; but we all proofread anyway, rihgt?)</p> <div id="atatags-370373-67c58f4be5919"> <script type="text/javascript"> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initVideoSlot('atatags-370373-67c58f4be5919', { sectionId: '370373', format: 'inread' }); }); </script> </div><span id="wordads-inline-marker" style="display: none;"></span> <div id="atatags-26942-67c58f4be5a71"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-26942-67c58f4be5a71', location: 120, formFactor: '001', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span>Print</span></a></li><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Procopius%3A%20Buildings&body=https%3A%2F%2Frambambashi.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fprocopius-buildings%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="4a54e01913" data-email-share-track-url="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li><a href="#" class="sharing-anchor sd-button share-more"><span>More</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul><div class="sharing-hidden"><div class="inner" style="display: none;"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-5861" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-5861" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-2325967-5861-67c58f4be618b' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250303#blog_id=2325967&post_id=5861&origin=rambambashi.wordpress.com&obj_id=2325967-5861-67c58f4be618b' data-name='like-post-frame-2325967-5861-67c58f4be618b' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div></div> <p class="postmetadata alt"> <small> This entry was posted on Thursday, April 19th, 2012 at 9:16 am and is filed under <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/category/ancient-history/" rel="category tag">ancient history</a>, <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/category/byzantium/" rel="category tag">Byzantium</a>, <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/category/classics/" rel="category tag">Classics</a>, <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/category/lacuscurtius/" rel="category tag">LacusCurtius</a>, <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/category/online-texts/" rel="category tag">online texts</a>. You can follow any responses to this entry through the <a href='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/feed/'>RSS 2.0</a> feed. You can <a href="#respond">leave a response</a>, or <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/trackback/" rel="trackback">trackback</a> from your own site. </small> </p> <nav id="nav-below"> <h3 class="assistive-text">Post navigation</h3> <span class="nav-previous"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/03/26/dio-continued/" rel="prev">« Previous Post</a></span> <span class="nav-next"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/23/counting-years-2/" rel="next">Next Post »</a></span> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="comments"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment</h3><form action="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form"><div class="comment-form__verbum transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='5861' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="9695dd9b8e" /> <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div></form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <ul> <li id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/"> <div><label for="s" class="search-label">Search</label><input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </div> </form></li> <li id="media_image-3" class="widget widget_media_image"><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><a href="http://www.karwansaraypublishers.com/shop/books/ancient-warfare/edge-of-empire.html"><img width="181" height="225" src="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=181" class="image wp-image-6149 alignnone attachment-181x225 size-181x225" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=181 181w, https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=362 362w, https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=121 121w, https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=242 242w" sizes="(max-width: 181px) 100vw, 181px" data-attachment-id="6149" data-permalink="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/edge_of_empire/" data-orig-file="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif" data-orig-size="464,575" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="edge_of_empire" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=242" data-large-file="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/edge_of_empire.gif?w=450" /></a></li> <li id="top-posts-2" class="widget widget_top-posts"><h2 class="widgettitle">Top Posts</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/06/03/common-errors-36-a-needles-eye/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Common Errors (36): A Needle's Eye</a></li><li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/01/21/an-important-source-from-babylon-the-nabonidus-chronicle-abc-7/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">An Important Source from Babylon: The Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)</a></li><li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/05/15/common-errors-9-the-gnostic-gospels/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Common Errors (9): The Gnostic Gospels</a></li><li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/virgil/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Why Virgil's Aeneid is Bad</a></li><li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/05/01/more-nonsense-about-sodom-and-gomorrah/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">More Nonsense about Sodom and Gomorrah</a></li></ul></li> <li id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h2 class="widgettitle"><label for="subscribe-field">Email Subscription</label></h2> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="2325967" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="2325967"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="5ae55f2618" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Sign me up! </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 357 other subscribers </div> </div> </li> <li id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/feed/"><img src="https://mainzerbeobachter.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/rss.gif"/> Subscribe to feed</a></div> </li> <li id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><a href="https://twitter.com/LacusCurtius" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false" data-show-screen-name="false" data-text-color="#333333" data-link-color="#0066cc">Follow @LacusCurtius</a> Bill Thayer's tweets <a href="https://twitter.com/JonaLendering" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false" data-show-screen-name="false" data-text-color="#333333" data-link-color="#0066cc">Follow @JonaLendering</a> Jona Lendering's tweets (in Dutch)</div> </li> <li id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2014/08/27/interview-with-jim-west/">Interview with Jim West</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2014/07/28/casey-on-the-mythicist-jesus/">Casey on the Mythicist Jesus</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2013/04/23/dutch-history/">Dutch History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/why-pearses-mithras-pages-are-important/">Why Pearse’s Mithras Pages Are Important</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/gregorovius-sort-of/">Gregorovius, sort of</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/10/28/j-d-grainger-the-syrian-wars/">J.D. Grainger, The Syrian Wars</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/09/14/original-research-at-wikipedia/">“Original research” at Wikipedia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/5977/">Minucius Felix</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/23/counting-years-2/">Counting Years, 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/" aria-current="page">Procopius: Buildings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="linkcat-1482992" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widgettitle">Also of interest</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://consensusandcrises.wordpress.com/" title="A History of the Netherlands">Consensus and Crises</a> A History of the Netherlands</li> </ul> </li> <li id="linkcat-1356" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widgettitle">Blogroll</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://www.achemenet.com/">Achemenet</a></li> <li><a href="http://storyofamerica.wordpress.com">American History</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ancient-warfare.com/cms/?utm_source=livius&utm_medium=banner">Ancient Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.attalus.org/">Attalus.org</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/blog/" title="(Dutch)">Bijbelaantekeningen</a> (Dutch)</li> <li><a href="http://oi.uchicago.edu/">Chicago Oriental Institute</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.forumromanum.org/index2.html">Forum Romanum</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ancient-warfare.com/cms/index.php?option=com_myblog&Itemid=98">Jasper Oorthuys’ Blog</a></li> <li><a href="http://judithweingarten.blogspot.com/">Judith Weingarten's Blog</a></li> <li><a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html">LacusCurtius</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.livius.org/">Livius.org</a></li> <li><a href="http://mainzerbeobachter.wordpress.com/" title="(Dutch)">Mainzer Beobachter</a> (Dutch)</li> <li><a href="http://www.parthia.com/">Parthia.com</a></li> <li><a href="http://phoenicia.org/">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.livius.org/00iran.html">Photos from Iran</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/">Roger Pearse's Blog</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.theoi.com/">Theoi Project</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-2">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-2" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2014/08/'> August 2014  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2014/07/'> July 2014  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2013/04/'> April 2013  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2013/02/'> February 2013  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/12/'> December 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/10/'> October 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/09/'> September 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/05/'> May 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/'> April 2012  (2)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/03/'> March 2012  (2)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/02/'> February 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/01/'> January 2012  (1)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/10/'> October 2011  (3)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/09/'> September 2011  (2)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/08/'> August 2011  (2)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/07/'> July 2011  (12)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/06/'> June 2011  (11)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/05/'> May 2011  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/04/'> April 2011  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/03/'> March 2011  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/02/'> February 2011  (2)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2011/01/'> January 2011  (3)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/12/'> December 2010  (7)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/11/'> November 2010  (9)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/10/'> October 2010  (5)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/09/'> September 2010  (10)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/08/'> August 2010  (12)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/07/'> July 2010  (12)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/06/'> June 2010  (16)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/05/'> May 2010  (24)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/04/'> April 2010  (16)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/03/'> March 2010  (11)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/02/'> February 2010  (7)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2010/01/'> January 2010  (9)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/12/'> December 2009  (19)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/11/'> November 2009  (17)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/10/'> October 2009  (10)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/09/'> September 2009  (13)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/08/'> August 2009  (20)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/07/'> July 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/06/'> June 2009  (33)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/05/'> May 2009  (17)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/04/'> April 2009  (19)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/03/'> March 2009  (11)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/02/'> February 2009  (7)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2009/01/'> January 2009  (10)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/12/'> December 2008  (15)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/11/'> November 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/10/'> October 2008  (7)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/09/'> September 2008  (6)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/08/'> August 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/07/'> July 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/06/'> June 2008  (8)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/05/'> May 2008  (11)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/04/'> April 2008  (5)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/03/'> March 2008  (9)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/02/'> February 2008  (9)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2008/01/'> January 2008  (5)</option> <option value='https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2007/12/'> December 2007  (10)</option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-2" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </li> <li id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h2 class="widgettitle">Meta</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> </ul> </li> <div id="atatags-286348-67c58f4bec0a4"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-286348-67c58f4bec0a4', location: 140, formFactor: '003', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script> </ul> </div> <div id="footer"> <p> <br /> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </p> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2025107d8bf6c02970a26c6b0c26b0fcfc89796aa30f84307cffd8fd28d2bcca53dd7a" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile →': 'Edit your profile →', 'View profile →': 'View profile →', 'Contact': 'Contact', 'Send money': 'Send money', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { function init() { document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { if ( typeof __ATA.insertInlineAds === 'function' ) { __ATA.insertInlineAds(); } } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> ( function () { var setupPrivacy = function() { // Minimal Mozilla Cookie library // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}}; // Implement IAB USP API. window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) { // Validate callback. if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) { return; } // Validate the given command. if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie. if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) { callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true ); return; } // Check for cookie. var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Invalid cookie. if ( null === consent ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data. callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true ); }; // Initialization. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Internal functions. var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() { var value = '1YNN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() { var value = '1YYN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() { var value = '1---'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) { var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); } var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() { if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) { return window.doNotSellCallback(); } return false; } // Look for usprivacy cookie first. var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Found a usprivacy cookie. if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) { // If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail. if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) { return; } // CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page. maybeCallDoNotSellCallback(); // We're all done, no more processing needed. return; } // We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie. var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' ); // No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California. // This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers, // only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region. if ( null === ccpaCookie ) { var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true ); request.onreadystatechange = function () { if ( 4 === this.readyState ) { if ( 200 === this.status ) { // Got a geo response. Parse out the region data. var data = JSON.parse( this.response ); var region = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : ''; var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1; // Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. if ( ccpa_applies ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } else { // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } } }; // Send the geo request. request.send(); } else { // We found a CCPA applies cookie. if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } } ); }; // Kickoff initialization. if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); } else { setupPrivacy(); } } )(); </script>  <div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget"> <div class="hide-on-button ads-active" data-hide-timeout="30" data-consent-expiration="180" id="eu-cookie-law" style="display: none" > <form method="post"> <input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" /> Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br /> To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: <a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow"> Cookie Policy </a> </form> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-contempt actnbr-has-follow actnbr-has-actions"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-comment" href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/#respond"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-comment" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M12 16l-5 5v-5H5c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v9c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-7z"/></g></svg> <span>Comment </span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> New at LacusCurtius & Livius </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 357 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="2325967" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="5ae55f2618" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Frambambashi.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fprocopius-buildings%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://rambambashi.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> New at LacusCurtius & Livius </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Frambambashi.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fprocopius-buildings%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"> <a href="https://wp.me/p9L5B-1wx"> <span class="actnbr-shortlink__text">Copy shortlink</span> <span class="actnbr-shortlink__icon"><svg class="gridicon gridicons-checkmark" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M9 19.414l-6.707-6.707 1.414-1.414L9 16.586 20.293 5.293l1.414 1.414"/></g></svg></span> </a> </li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://rambambashi.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/procopius-buildings/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/reader/blogs/2325967/posts/5861"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20250116"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20250204"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/rambambashi.wordpress.com\/2012\/04\/19\/procopius-buildings\/":5861}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js?ver=20111117" id="twitter-widgets-js"></script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/modules/widgets/top-posts/style.css?m=1685115060i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/mobile-useragent-info.js?m=1609849039i&ver=20241018" id="mobile-useragent-info-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="verbum-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from New at LacusCurtius & Livius","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","siteId":2325967,"postId":5861,"mustLogIn":true,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":true,"connectURL":"https:\/\/rambambashi.wordpress.com\/public.api\/connect\/?action=request&from_comments=yes","logoutURL":"https:\/\/rambambashi.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?action=logout&_wpnonce=548f844d72","homeURL":"https:\/\/rambambashi.wordpress.com\/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":"https:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536?s=96","enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core\/paragraph","core\/list","core\/code","core\/list-item","core\/quote","core\/image","core\/embed","core\/quote","core\/code"],"embedNonce":"c394135bbb","verbumBundleUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/features\/verbum-comments\/dist\/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1738686361,"iframeUniqueId":0,"colorScheme":false} /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jkEOwjAMBD9EakUV6gnxltCY4tZxQu1Q8XuCEAJx4Lo7s1rYihuzGIrBifPkCteJRGHLawxR3chBFRXmFgXjbtYdfDmpfgyKE5oC1tbmhdBx2MAwFQ6GP/mfHaal0deKFS9BIuP6hklGrvF1JpIa3FBiXp9VyXw/E3OXSBp+TAc/9MN+33vv5wfgVVS4'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/assets/dynamic-loader.js?m=1737671034i&minify=false&ver=8faf228ea9885f52f2fc" id="verbum-dynamic-loader-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?m=1685112397i'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20250303#ver=20250303&origin=https://rambambashi.wordpress.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?68" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'2325967','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'2325967','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'5861','subd':'rambambashi'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5XaGUuOTlwaD85flAmcm1mcmZsaDhkV11YdWFnNncxc1tjZG9XVXhRZmhSYUFEMXVJdlp1Q2dGaT0lXXxFb1RyWzM3ZWV0ZjI4SmVUVlVdWWNTSi5sUmxLZmpQK09bRz1aTHYvLU8uc3xRNmRFd210bV0/Nnl0QnRpTWwwN3BJaTNNVXxsfnAmM3gteFtWNEJzMHU5LlFPX2MrR3FkWHdMQj96Y0JwLWFITyxJN3F6a1FfQW1sMGFdLUU3Sz1nT3JEYmtaJjBXQnlCTXBpdHx4W3c1SjhGc350T2J5RWNZeENTNFglZlEwL0VdMWlNfEN3ZjVVWm5zbXVDcVpudW5qUi1UNGI5bjFsK25sMmF4eGglM20sVStjeWE5LWR5ZlBfejhRdT00S1pPfFpSN1ldT3VFV0xDRkNza0FVLyV6'}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '2325967', '5861' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/contempt","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Etc/GMT-0" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202510"></script><div id="marketingbar" class="marketing-bar noskim "><div class="marketing-bar-text">Design a site like this with WordPress.com</div><a class="marketing-bar-button" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar">Get started</a><a class="marketing-bar-link" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Create your website at WordPress.com" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar"></a></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window._tkq = window._tkq || []; window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_impression', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); document.querySelectorAll( '#marketingbar > a' ).forEach( link => { link.addEventListener( 'click', ( e ) => { window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_cta_click', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); } ); }); </script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> <script type='disabled' id='wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:wp-i18n:after:1'> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script> (function() { 'use strict'; const fetches = {}; const promises = {}; const urls = { 'wp-hooks': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v20.0.3/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1740663140i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38', 'wp-i18n': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v20.0.3/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1740663140i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151', 'verbum': 'https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1739372488i&minify=false&ver=9d441fa76e2f0f23ffc9' }; const loaders = { 'verbum': () => { fetchExternalScript('wp-hooks'); fetchExternalScript('wp-i18n'); fetchExternalScript('verbum'); promises['wp-hooks'] = promises['wp-hooks'] || loadWPScript('wp-hooks'); promises['wp-i18n'] = promises['wp-i18n'] || promises['wp-hooks'].then( () => loadWPScript('wp-i18n') ); promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || promises['wp-i18n'].then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); return promises['verbum']; }, }; const scriptExtras = { 'wp-i18n': { translations: 0, before: 0, after: 1 }, }; window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { loadScript: (handle) => { if (!loaders[handle]) { console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); } return loaders[handle](); } }; function fetchExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); return fetches[handle]; } function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); const template = document.getElementById(id); if (!template) { return Promise.reject(); } const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; document.body.appendChild( script ); return Promise.resolve(); } function loadExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } return fetches[handle].then(() => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.onload = () => resolve(); script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); script.src = urls[handle]; document.body.appendChild(script); }); }); } function loadExtra(handle, pos) { const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; let promise = Promise.resolve(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); } return promise; } function loadWPScript(handle) { // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); } } )(); </script> </body> </html>