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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <b>1913 <a href="/wiki/Houghton-le-Spring_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Houghton-le-Spring (UK Parliament constituency)">Houghton-le-Spring</a> by-election</b> was a <a href="/wiki/UK_Parliamentary_by-elections" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Parliamentary by-elections">Parliamentary by-election</a> held on 18 March 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constituency returned one <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a>, elected by the <a href="/wiki/First_past_the_post" class="mw-redirect" title="First past the post">first past the post</a> voting system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vacancy">Vacancy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Vacancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cameron_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Cameron (UK politician)">Robert Cameron</a> had been Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Houghton-le-Spring_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Houghton-le-Spring (UK Parliament constituency)">Houghton-le-Spring</a> since 1895. He died on 13 February 1913. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Previous_results">Previous results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Previous results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cameron was elected unopposed in December 1910, however, he was opposed at the election before. </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">General election January 1910</a> Electorate 17,504 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FFD700; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cameron_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Cameron (UK politician)">Robert Cameron</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>10,393 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>70.3 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>−1.9 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td class="fn">Hugh Sidney Streatfield </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">4,382 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">29.7 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">6,011 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">40.6 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−3.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">14,775 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">84.4 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #FFD700"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">-1.9 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liberals chose a Grimsby man, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Edward Wing">Tom Wing</a> to defend the seat. He was elected at the <a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January 1910 general election</a> as <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Grimsby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)">Grimsby</a>, but lost that seat at the <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">general election in December 1910</a>. </p><p>The Unionists selected local barrister, Thomas Richardson as their candidate. His father had been Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hartlepool (UK Parliament constituency)">Hartlepool</a>. </p><p>Labour intervened with an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a> member, <a href="/wiki/William_House_(trade_unionist)" title="William House (trade unionist)">William House</a>, who was sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Durham_Miners%27_Association" title="Durham Miners' Association">Durham Miners' Association</a>, for whom he had been President since 1900. House stood for the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Auckland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bishop Auckland (UK Parliament constituency)">Bishop Auckland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January</a> and <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">December 1910 general elections</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the recent past, there had been a good working relationship between the local miners and the local Liberal Association to the point that by 1913, miners still dominated the local Liberal association. Every miners lodge in the constituency was represented at Wing's selection meeting. During the campaign, many miners lodge officials spoke on platforms in support of Wing.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came as something of a slap in the face to both the Independent Labour Party and the Durham Miners Association who had hoped that the local miners would support their candidate, House. This split in the local miners lodges was good news for the Unionist campaign. They knew that their only hoping of winning was if the Labour candidate took half or the Liberal vote, allowing the Unionists the chance to come through the middle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Result">Result</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Result"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liberal Party held the seat with a significantly reduced majority. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Wing_MP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Tom_Wing_MP.jpg/120px-Tom_Wing_MP.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Tom_Wing_MP.jpg/180px-Tom_Wing_MP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Tom_Wing_MP.jpg/240px-Tom_Wing_MP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Tom Wing</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Houghton-le-Spring by-election, 1913 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FFD700; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wing_(Liberal_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Wing (Liberal politician)">Thomas Wing</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>6,930 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>43.6 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>−26.7 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionist Party (UK)">Unionist</a> </td> <td class="fn">Thomas Richardson </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">4,807 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">30.2 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.5 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E4003B; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_House_(trade_unionist)" title="William House (trade unionist)">William House</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">4,165 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">26.2 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+26.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">2,123 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">13.4 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−27.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">15,902 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">83.6 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #FFD700"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">-13.6 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the autumn of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place. House's parliamentary interests moved on to the Mid Durham constituency, while Richardson never stood again. </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>General Election 1914/15: Houghton-le-Spring Electorate 19,722 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #FFD700; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wing_(Liberal_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Wing (Liberal politician)">Thomas Wing</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E4003B; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/W._P._Richardson_(trade_unionist)" title="W. P. Richardson (trade unionist)">W. P. Richardson</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionist Party (UK)">Unionist</a> </td> <td class="fn"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>At the eleventh hour, the Labour party replaced W. P. Richardson as candidate with another local miner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Richardson_(Labour_politician)" title="Robert Richardson (Labour politician)">Robert Richardson</a> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">General election 14 December 1918</a>: Houghton-le-Spring Electorate 32,552 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E4003B; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Richardson_(Labour_politician)" title="Robert Richardson (Labour politician)">Robert Richardson</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>7,315 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>36.3 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b> </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #FFD700; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wing_(Liberal_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Wing (Liberal politician)">Thomas Wing</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">6,626 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">32.9 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #ffdead; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="National Democratic and Labour Party">National Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"> <ul><li>John Lindsley</li></ul> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">6,185 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">30.8 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><i>New</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">689 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">3.4 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">20,126 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">61.8 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <b>gain</b> from <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>Lindsley was the endorsed candidate of the Coalition Government.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCraig1987" class="citation book cs1">Craig, F.W.S. (1987). <i>Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987</i>. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+British+Parliamentary+By-elections+1833%E2%80%931987&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Research+Services&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=F.W.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1913+Houghton-le-Spring+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Political Change and the Labour Party 1900-1918</i> by <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Tanner" title="Duncan Tanner">Duncan Tanner</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Craig, F. W. S. (1974). British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 (1 ed.). London: Macmillan.</li> <li>Who's Who: www.ukwhoswho.com<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The citation is not specific enough to facilitate source verification (May 2012)">not specific enough to verify</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Debrett's House of Commons 1916</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:By-elections_to_the_30th_UK_Parliament" title="Template:By-elections to the 30th UK Parliament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:By-elections_to_the_30th_UK_Parliament" title="Template talk:By-elections to the 30th UK Parliament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:By-elections_to_the_30th_UK_Parliament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:By-elections to the 30th UK Parliament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_29th_Parliament_«_By-elections_to_the_30th_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_»_31st_Parliament_»" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">« <i><a href="/wiki/Template:By-elections_to_the_29th_UK_Parliament" title="Template:By-elections to the 29th UK Parliament">29th Parliament</a></i> «</span> <span style="padding:0 3.5em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1900%E2%80%931918)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)">By-elections</a> to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the December 1910 United Kingdom general election">30th Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">» <i><a href="/wiki/Template:By-elections_to_the_31st_UK_Parliament" title="Template:By-elections to the 31st UK Parliament">31st Parliament</a></i> »</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1911</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>February: <a href="/wiki/1911_Arfon_by-election" title="1911 Arfon by-election">Arfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Cambridge_University_by-election" title="1911 Cambridge University by-election">Cambridge University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Horncastle_by-election" title="1911 Horncastle by-election">Horncastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Westbury_by-election" title="1911 Westbury by-election">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Forest_of_Dean_by-election" title="1911 Forest of Dean by-election">Forest of Dean</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1911_North_East_Lanarkshire_by-election" title="1911 North East Lanarkshire by-election">North East Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Brentford_by-election" title="1911 Brentford by-election">Brentford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Bootle_by-election" title="1911 Bootle by-election">Bootle</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1911_Haddingtonshire_by-election" title="1911 Haddingtonshire by-election">Haddingtonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Cheltenham_by-election" title="1911 Cheltenham by-election">Cheltenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_East_Dorset_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 East Dorset by-election">East Dorset</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1911_Birmingham_South_by-election" title="1911 Birmingham South by-election">Birmingham South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Barnstaple_by-election" title="1911 Barnstaple by-election">Barnstaple</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1911_Ross_and_Cromarty_by-election" title="1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election">Ross & Cromarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Brighton_by-election" title="1911 Brighton by-election">Brighton</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1911_Kingston_upon_Hull_Central_by-election" title="1911 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election">Kingston upon Hull Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Glasgow_Tradeston_by-election" title="1911 Glasgow Tradeston by-election">Glasgow Tradeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_St_Augustine%27s_by-election" title="1911 St Augustine's by-election">St Augustine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_West_Ham_North_by-election" title="1911 West Ham North by-election">West Ham North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_East_Wicklow_by-election" title="1911 East Wicklow by-election">East Wicklow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_North_East_Cork_by-election" title="1911 North East Cork by-election">North East Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_East_Cork_by-election" title="1911 East Cork by-election">East Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Luton_by-election" title="1911 Luton by-election">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Wellington_by-election" title="1911 Wellington by-election">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Bethnal_Green_South_West_by-election" title="1911 Bethnal Green South West by-election">Bethnal Green South West</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1911_Middleton_by-election" title="1911 Middleton by-election">Middleton</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1911_Kilmarnock_Burghs_by-election" title="1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election">Kilmarnock Burghs</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1911_North_Tyrone_by-election" title="1911 North Tyrone by-election">North Tyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Keighley_by-election" title="1911 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1911_Bristol_East_by-election" title="1911 Bristol East by-election">Bristol East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Oldham_by-election" title="1911 Oldham by-election">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_South_Somerset_by-election" title="1911 South Somerset by-election">South Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Hitchin_by-election" title="1911 Hitchin by-election">Hitchin</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1911_North_Ayrshire_by-election" title="1911 North Ayrshire by-election">North Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Govan_by-election" title="1911 Govan by-election">Govan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1912</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1912_Carmarthen_District_by-election" title="1912 Carmarthen District by-election">Carmarthen District</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1912_Edinburgh_East_by-election" title="1912 Edinburgh East by-election">Edinburgh East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Glasgow_St_Rollox_by-election" title="1912 Glasgow St Rollox by-election">Glasgow St Rollox</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1912_Manchester_South_by-election" title="1912 Manchester South by-election">Manchester South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Hereford_by-election" title="1912 Hereford by-election">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_South_East_Essex_by-election" title="1912 South East Essex by-election">South East Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Leominster_by-election" title="1912 Leominster by-election">Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Epsom_by-election" title="1912 Epsom by-election">Epsom</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1912_Nottingham_East_by-election" title="1912 Nottingham East by-election">Nottingham East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Forest_of_Dean_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 Forest of Dean by-election">Forest of Dean</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1912_Hackney_South_by-election" title="1912 Hackney South by-election">Hackney South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_North_West_Norfolk_by-election" title="1912 North West Norfolk by-election">North West Norfolk</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1912_Hythe_by-election" title="1912 Hythe by-election">Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Holmfirth_by-election" title="1912 Holmfirth by-election">Holmfirth</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1912_Ilkeston_by-election" title="1912 Ilkeston by-election">Ilkeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Hanley_by-election" title="1912 Hanley by-election">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Crewe_by-election" title="1912 Crewe by-election">Crewe</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1912_Manchester_North_West_by-election" title="1912 Manchester North West by-election">Manchester North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_East_Carmarthenshire_by-election" title="1912 East Carmarthenshire by-election">East Carmarthenshire</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1912_Midlothian_by-election" title="1912 Midlothian by-election">Midlothian</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1912_Taunton_by-election" title="1912 Taunton by-election">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Bolton_by-election" title="1912 Bolton by-election">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Bow_and_Bromley_by-election" title="1912 Bow and Bromley by-election">Bow & Bromley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1913</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1913_Flint_Boroughs_by-election" title="1913 Flint Boroughs by-election">Flint Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Londonderry_City_by-election" title="1913 Londonderry City by-election">Londonderry City</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1913_East_Waterford_by-election" title="1913 East Waterford by-election">East Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_East_Antrim_by-election" title="1913 East Antrim by-election">East Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Chorley_by-election" title="1913 Chorley by-election">Chorley</a></li> <li>March: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houghton-le-Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Kendal_by-election" title="1913 Kendal by-election">Kendal</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1913_Shrewsbury_by-election" title="1913 Shrewsbury by-election">Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Whitechapel_by-election" title="1913 Whitechapel by-election">Whitechapel</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1913_Newmarket_by-election" title="1913 Newmarket by-election">Newmarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Altrincham_by-election" title="1913 Altrincham by-election">Altrincham</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1913_Leix_by-election" title="1913 Leix by-election">Leix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Wandsworth_by-election" title="1913 Wandsworth by-election">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Dover_by-election" title="1913 Dover by-election">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Leicester_by-election" title="1913 Leicester by-election">Leicester</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1913_St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square_by-election" title="1913 St George's, Hanover Square by-election">St George's, Hanover Square</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1913_Chesterfield_by-election" title="1913 Chesterfield by-election">Chesterfield</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1913_North_Cork_by-election" title="1913 North Cork by-election">North Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Linlithgowshire_by-election" title="1913 Linlithgowshire by-election">Linlithgowshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Reading_by-election" title="1913 Reading by-election">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Keighley_by-election" title="1913 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1913_Wick_Burghs_by-election" title="1913 Wick Burghs by-election">Wick Burghs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_South_Lanarkshire_by-election" title="1913 South Lanarkshire by-election">South Lanarkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1914_North_West_Durham_by-election" title="1914 North West Durham by-election">North West Durham</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1914_Wycombe_by-election" title="1914 Wycombe by-election">Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Cork_City_by-election" title="1914 Cork City by-election">Cork City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Bethnal_Green_South_West_by-election" title="1914 Bethnal Green South West by-election">Bethnal Green South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Poplar_by-election" title="1914 Poplar by-election">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Leith_Burghs_by-election" title="1914 Leith Burghs by-election">Leith Burghs</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1914_Belfast_East_by-election" title="1914 Belfast East by-election">Belfast East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_East_Fife_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 East Fife by-election">East Fife</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1914_Great_Grimsby_by-election" title="1914 Great Grimsby by-election">Great Grimsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_North_East_Derbyshire_by-election" title="1914 North East Derbyshire by-election">North East Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Ipswich_by-election" title="1914 Ipswich by-election">Ipswich</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1914_Brighton_by-election" title="1914 Brighton by-election">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Oxford_University_by-election" title="1914 Oxford University by-election">Oxford University</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1914_Birmingham_West_by-election" title="1914 Birmingham West by-election">Birmingham West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_East_Worcestershire_by-election" title="1914 East Worcestershire by-election">East Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_North_Galway_by-election" title="1914 North Galway by-election">North Galway</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1914_Swansea_District_by-election" title="1914 Swansea District by-election">Swansea District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_West_Wicklow_by-election" title="1914 West Wicklow by-election">West Wicklow</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1914_Bolton_by-election" title="1914 Bolton by-election">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_The_Hartlepools_by-election" title="1914 The Hartlepools by-election">The Hartlepools</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1914_Londonderry_City_by-election" title="1914 Londonderry City by-election">Londonderry City</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1914_East_Galway_by-election" title="1914 East Galway by-election">East Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Tullamore_by-election" title="1914 Tullamore by-election">Tullamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Sheffield_Attercliffe_by-election" title="1914 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election">Sheffield Attercliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>February: <a href="/wiki/1915_Norwich_by-election" title="1915 Norwich by-election">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Swansea_District_by-election" title="1915 Swansea District by-election">Swansea District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Scarborough_by-election" title="1915 Scarborough by-election">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Shipley_by-election" title="1915 Shipley by-election">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Howdenshire_by-election" title="1915 Howdenshire by-election">Howdenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Thirsk_and_Malton_by-election" title="1915 Thirsk and Malton by-election">Thirsk & Malton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Wigtownshire_by-election" title="1915 Wigtownshire by-election">Wigtownshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Chesterton_by-election" title="1915 Chesterton by-election">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Saffron_Walden_by-election" title="1915 Saffron Walden by-election">Saffron Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Liverpool_Kirkdale_by-election" title="1915 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election">Liverpool Kirkdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Mid_Antrim_by-election" title="1915 Mid Antrim by-election">Mid Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Maidstone_by-election" title="1915 Maidstone by-election">Maidstone</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1915_Carmarthen_Boroughs_by-election" title="1915 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election">Carmarthen Boroughs</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1915_Mid_Durham_by-election" title="1915 Mid Durham by-election">Mid Durham</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1915_Kilmarnock_Burghs_by-election" title="1915 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election">Kilmarnock Burghs</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1915_Preston_by-election" title="1915 Preston by-election">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Dublin_College_Green_by-election" title="1915 Dublin College Green by-election">Dublin College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_North_Tipperary_by-election" title="1915 North Tipperary by-election">North Tipperary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Keighley_by-election" title="1915 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1915_Arfon_by-election" title="1915 Arfon by-election">Arfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Glasgow_Central_by-election" title="1915 Glasgow Central by-election">Glasgow Central</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1915_Dublin_Harbour_by-election" title="1915 Dublin Harbour by-election">Dublin Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Appleby_by-election" title="1915 Appleby by-election">Appleby</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1915_Heywood_by-election" title="1915 Heywood by-election">Heywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Uxbridge_by-election" title="1915 Uxbridge by-election">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Cardiff_by-election" title="1915 Cardiff by-election">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Kingston_by-election" title="1915 Kingston by-election">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_St_Helens_by-election" title="1915 St Helens by-election">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_St_Austell_by-election" title="1915 St Austell by-election">St Austell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Merthyr_Tydfil_by-election" title="1915 Merthyr Tydfil by-election">Merthyr Tydfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Tiverton_by-election" title="1915 Tiverton by-election">Tiverton</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1915_Cleveland_by-election" title="1915 Cleveland by-election">Cleveland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1916_Newington_West_by-election" title="1916 Newington West by-election">Newington West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square_by-election" title="1916 St George's, Hanover Square by-election">St George's, Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Portsmouth_by-election" title="1916 Portsmouth by-election">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_North_West_Staffordshire_by-election" title="1916 North West Staffordshire by-election">North West Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Chesterton_by-election" title="1916 Chesterton by-election">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Bradford_Central_by-election" title="1916 Bradford Central by-election">Bradford Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Mile_End_by-election" title="1916 Mile End by-election">Mile End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Rotherham_by-election" title="1916 Rotherham by-election">Rotherham</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1916_Liverpool_East_Toxteth_by-election" title="1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election">Liverpool East Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_North_Louth_by-election" title="1916 North Louth by-election">North Louth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_South_Tyrone_by-election" title="1916 South Tyrone by-election">South Tyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Bolton_by-election" title="1916 Bolton by-election">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Chester_by-election" title="1916 Chester by-election">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Droitwich_by-election" title="1916 Droitwich by-election">Droitwich</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1916_Cockermouth_by-election" title="1916 Cockermouth by-election">Cockermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Hertford_by-election" title="1916 Hertford by-election">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_South_Shields_by-election" title="1916 South Shields by-election">South Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Harborough_by-election" title="1916 Harborough by-election">Harborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Hyde_by-election" title="1916 Hyde by-election">Hyde</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1916_Wimbledon_by-election" title="1916 Wimbledon by-election">Wimbledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Dublin_University_by-election" title="1916 Dublin University by-election">Dublin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Ossory_by-election" title="1916 Ossory by-election">Ossory</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1916_Tewkesbury_by-election" title="1916 Tewkesbury by-election">Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_South_Londonderry_by-election" title="1916 South Londonderry by-election">South Londonderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Widnes_by-election" title="1916 Widnes by-election">Widnes</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1916_Berwickshire_by-election" title="1916 Berwickshire by-election">Berwickshire</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1916_Bodmin_by-election" title="1916 Bodmin by-election">Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Berwick-upon-Tweed_by-election" title="1916 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Colne_Valley_by-election" title="1916 Colne Valley by-election">Colne Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Abingdon_by-election" title="1916 Abingdon by-election">Abingdon</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1916_Mansfield_by-election" title="1916 Mansfield by-election">Mansfield</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1916_North_Ayrshire_by-election" title="1916 North Ayrshire by-election">North Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_St_Pancras_West_by-election" title="1916 St Pancras West by-election">St Pancras West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Winchester_by-election" title="1916 Winchester by-election">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_North_Fermanagh_by-election" title="1916 North Fermanagh by-election">North Fermanagh</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1916_West_Cork_by-election" title="1916 West Cork by-election">West Cork</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1916_Hornsey_by-election" title="1916 Hornsey by-election">Hornsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Ashton-under-Lyne_by-election" title="1916 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election">Ashton-under-Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Sheffield_Hallam_by-election" title="1916 Sheffield Hallam by-election">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Whitechapel_by-election" title="1916 Whitechapel by-election">Whitechapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Derby_by-election" title="1916 Derby by-election">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Edinburgh_and_St_Andrews_Universities_by-election" title="1916 Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election">Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1917</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1917_Inverness-shire_by-election" title="1917 Inverness-shire by-election">Inverness-shire</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1917_North_Roscommon_by-election" title="1917 North Roscommon by-election">North Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1917_Dublin_University_by-election" title="February 1917 Dublin University by-election">Dublin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Rotherham_by-election" title="1917 Rotherham by-election">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Rossendale_by-election" title="1917 Rossendale by-election">Rossendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_West_Perthshire_by-election" title="1917 West Perthshire by-election">West Perthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Tamworth_by-election" title="1917 Tamworth by-election">Tamworth</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1917_Stockton-on-Tees_by-election" title="1917 Stockton-on-Tees by-election">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Oxford_by-election" title="1917 Oxford by-election">Oxford</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1917_Aberdeen_South_by-election" title="1917 Aberdeen South by-election">Aberdeen South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1917_Belfast_South_by-election" title="April 1917 Belfast South by-election">Belfast South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Ealing_by-election" title="1917 Ealing by-election">Ealing</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1917_South_Longford_by-election" title="1917 South Longford by-election">South Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Edinburgh_South_by-election" title="1917 Edinburgh South by-election">Edinburgh South</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1917_Epping_by-election" title="1917 Epping by-election">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Henley_by-election" title="1917 Henley by-election">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Liverpool_Abercromby_by-election" title="1917 Liverpool Abercromby by-election">Liverpool Abercromby</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/July_1917_Belfast_South_by-election" title="July 1917 Belfast South by-election">Belfast South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Fulham_by-election" title="1917 Fulham by-election">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_South_Dublin_by-election" title="1917 South Dublin by-election">South Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_East_Clare_by-election" title="1917 East Clare by-election">East Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_South_Monmouthshire_by-election" title="1917 South Monmouthshire by-election">South Monmouthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Cambridge_by-election" title="1917 Cambridge by-election">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Chesterton_by-election" title="1917 Chesterton by-election">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Dundee_by-election" title="1917 Dundee by-election">Dundee</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1917_Edinburgh_and_St_Andrews_Universities_by-election" title="1917 Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election">Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Kilkenny_City_by-election" title="1917 Kilkenny City by-election">Kilkenny City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Norwich_by-election" title="1917 Norwich by-election">Norwich</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/October_1917_Dublin_University_by-election" title="October 1917 Dublin University by-election">Dublin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Islington_East_by-election" title="1917 Islington East by-election">Islington East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Spalding_by-election" title="1917 Spalding by-election">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Basingstoke_by-election" title="1917 Basingstoke by-election">Basingstoke</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1917_Salford_North_by-election" title="1917 Salford North by-election">Salford North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_North_Armagh_by-election" title="1917 North Armagh by-election">North Armagh</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1917_Wisbech_by-election" title="1917 Wisbech by-election">Wisbech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Southampton_by-election" title="1917 Southampton by-election">Southampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1918_Mid_Armagh_by-election" title="1918 Mid Armagh by-election">Mid Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1918_Prestwich_by-election" title="January 1918 Prestwich by-election">Prestwich</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1918_South_Armagh_by-election" title="1918 South Armagh by-election">South Armagh</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1918_Waterford_City_by-election" title="1918 Waterford City by-election">Waterford City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Manchester_South_by-election" title="1918 Manchester South by-election">Manchester South</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1918_East_Tyrone_by-election" title="1918 East Tyrone by-election">East Tyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Tullamore_by-election" title="1918 Tullamore by-election">Tullamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Birmingham_West_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 Birmingham West by-election">Birmingham West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Keighley_by-election" title="1918 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1918_Ross_by-election" title="1918 Ross by-election">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Exeter_by-election" title="1918 Exeter by-election">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Newcastle-upon-Tyne_by-election" title="1918 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election">Newcastle-upon-Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Wansbeck_by-election" title="1918 Wansbeck by-election">Wansbeck</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1918_Gravesend_by-election" title="1918 Gravesend by-election">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Bridgwater_by-election" title="1918 Bridgwater by-election">Bridgwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_East_Cavan_by-election" title="1918 East Cavan by-election">East Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Clapham_by-election" title="1918 Clapham by-election">Clapham</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1918_Finsbury_East_by-election" title="1918 Finsbury East by-election">Finsbury East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Manchester_North_East_by-election" title="1918 Manchester North East by-election">Manchester North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Fareham_by-election" title="1918 Fareham by-election">Fareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_East_Grinstead_by-election" title="1918 East Grinstead by-election">East Grinstead</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1918_Canterbury_by-election" title="1918 Canterbury by-election">Canterbury</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1918_Banbury_by-election" title="1918 Banbury by-election">Banbury</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1918_St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square_by-election" title="1918 St George's, Hanover Square by-election">St George's, Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Bath_by-election" title="1918 Bath by-election">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Mid_Norfolk_by-election" title="1918 Mid Norfolk by-election">Mid Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Elgin_Burghs_by-election" title="1918 Elgin Burghs by-election">Elgin Burghs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_South_Shields_by-election" title="1918 South Shields by-election">South Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1918_Prestwich_by-election" title="October 1918 Prestwich by-election">Prestwich</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1918_Wilton_by-election" title="1918 Wilton by-election">Wilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Lists of UK by-elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1801%E2%80%931806)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1801–1806)">1801–1806</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1806%E2%80%931818)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1806–1818)">1806–1818</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1818%E2%80%931832)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1818–1832)">1818–1832</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1832%E2%80%931847)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1832–1847)">1832–1847</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1847%E2%80%931857)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1847–1857)">1847–1857</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1857%E2%80%931868)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1857–1868)">1857–1868</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1868%E2%80%931885)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1868–1885)">1868–1885</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1885%E2%80%931900)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1885–1900)">1885–1900</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1900%E2%80%931918)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)">1900–1918</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1918%E2%80%931931)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1918–1931)">1918–1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1931%E2%80%931950)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1931–1950)">1931–1950</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1950%E2%80%931979)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1950–1979)">1950–1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1979%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1979–2010)">1979–2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(2010%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)">2010–present</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland#Westminster_by-elections" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_House_of_Lords" title="By-elections to the House of Lords">Hereditary peers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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