CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: vertical and horizontal dot spacing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: vertical and horizontal dot spacing"> <meta name="keywords" content="vertical and horizontal dot spacing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="vertical and horizontal dot spacing" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="vertical and horizontal dot spacing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1847</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vertical and horizontal dot spacing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1847</span> Influence of Readability of Paper-Based Braille on Vertical and Horizontal Dot Spacing in Braille Beginners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Doi">K. Doi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Nishimura"> T. Nishimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fujimoto"> H. Fujimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The number of people who become visually impaired and do not have sufficient tactile experiences has increased by various disease. Especially, many acquired visually impaired persons due to accidents, disorders, and aging cannot adequately read Braille. It is known that learning Braille requires a great deal of time and the acquisition of various skills. In our previous studies, we reported one of the problems in learning Braille. Concretely, the standard Braille size is too small for Braille beginners. And also we are short of the objective data regarding easily readable Braille size. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct various experiments for evaluating Braille size that would make learning easier for beginners. In this study, for the purpose of investigating easy-to-read conditions of vertical and horizontal dot spacing for beginners, we conducted one Braille reading experiment. In this our experiment, we prepared test pieces by use of our original Braille printer with controlling function of Braille size. We specifically considered Braille beginners with acquired visual impairments who were unfamiliar with Braille. Therefore, ten sighted subjects with no experience of reading Braille participated in this experiment. Size of vertical and horizontal dot spacing was following conditions. Each dot spacing was 2.0, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9, 3.1mm. The subjects were asked to read one Braille character with controlled Braille size. The results of this experiment reveal that Braille beginners can read Braille accurately and quickly when both vertical and horizontal dot spacing are 3.1 mm or more. This knowledge will be helpful data in considering Braille size for acquired visually impaired persons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper-based%20Braille" title="paper-based Braille">paper-based Braille</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing" title=" vertical and horizontal dot spacing"> vertical and horizontal dot spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readability" title=" readability"> readability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquired%20visual%20impairment" title=" acquired visual impairment"> acquired visual impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braille%20beginner" title=" Braille beginner"> Braille beginner</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74994/influence-of-readability-of-paper-based-braille-on-vertical-and-horizontal-dot-spacing-in-braille-beginners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1846</span> Numerical Analysis of Prefabricated Horizontal Drain Induced Consolidation Using ABAQUS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjana%20R.%20Menon">Anjana R. Menon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjana%20Bhasi"> Anjana Bhasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the numerical analysis of Prefabricated Horizontal Drain (PHD) induced consolidation of clayey deposits, using ABAQUS. PHDs are much like Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) installed in horizontal layers, used mainly for enhancing the consolidation of clayey fill embankments, and dredged mud deposits. The efficiency of the system depends mainly on the spacing and layout of the drain. Hence, two spacing related parameters are defined, namely WH (width to horizontal spacing ratio) and VH (vertical to horizontal spacing ratio), and the finite element models are developed based on plane strain unit cell conditions under various combinations of these parameters. The analysis results, in terms of degree of consolidation (U), are compared with the established theories. Based on the analysis, a set of equations are proposed to analyse the PHD induced consolidation. The proposed method is found to be reasonably accurate. Further, the effect of PHDs at different spacing ratios, in accelerating consolidation of a clayey embankment fill is analysed in terms of pore pressure dissipation rate, and settlement. The PHD is found to accelerate the rate of pore pressure dissipation by more than 50%, thus reducing the time for final settlement significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title="ABAQUS">ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plane%20strain" title=" plane strain"> plane strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefabricated%20horizontal%20drain" title=" prefabricated horizontal drain"> prefabricated horizontal drain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67741/numerical-analysis-of-prefabricated-horizontal-drain-induced-consolidation-using-abaqus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1845</span> The Simultaneous Effect of Horizontal and Vertical Earthquake Components on the Seismic Response of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Shokrollahi">Mahdi Shokrollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past years, much research has been conducted on the vulnerability of structures to earthquakes, which only horizontal components of the earthquake were considered in their seismic analysis and vertical earthquake acceleration especially in near-fault area was less considered. The investigation of the mappings shows that vertical earthquake acceleration can be significantly closer to the maximum horizontal earthquake acceleration, and even exceeds it in some cases. This study has compared the behavior of different members of three steel moment frame with a buckling-restrained brace (BRB), one time only by considering the horizontal component and again by considering simultaneously the horizontal and vertical components under the three mappings of the near-fault area and the effect of vertical acceleration on structural responses is investigated. Finally, according to the results, the vertical component of the earthquake has a greater effect on the axial force of the columns and the vertical displacement of the middle of the beams of the different classes and less on the lateral displacement of the classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20earthquake%20acceleration" title="vertical earthquake acceleration">vertical earthquake acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-fault%20area" title=" near-fault area"> near-fault area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame" title=" steel frame"> steel frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20and%20vertical%20component%20of%20earthquake" title=" horizontal and vertical component of earthquake"> horizontal and vertical component of earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling-restrained%20brace" title=" buckling-restrained brace"> buckling-restrained brace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91326/the-simultaneous-effect-of-horizontal-and-vertical-earthquake-components-on-the-seismic-response-of-buckling-restrained-braced-frame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1844</span> Horizontal and Vertical Illuminance Correlations in a Case Study for Shaded South Facing Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Matour">S. Matour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mahdavinejad"> M. Mahdavinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Fayaz"> R. Fayaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Daylight utilization is a key factor in achieving visual and thermal comfort, and energy savings in integrated building design. However, lack of measured data related to this topic has become a major challenge with the increasing need for integrating lighting concepts and simulations in the early stages of design procedures. The current paper deals with the values of daylight illuminance on horizontal and south facing vertical surfaces; the data are estimated using IESNA model and measured values of the horizontal and vertical illuminance, and a regression model with an acceptable linear correlation is obtained. The resultant illuminance frequency curves are useful for estimating daylight availability on south facing surfaces in Tehran. In addition, the relationship between indirect vertical illuminance and the corresponding global horizontal illuminance is analyzed. A simple parametric equation is proposed in order to predict the vertical illumination on a shaded south facing surface. The equation correlates the ratio between the vertical and horizontal illuminance to the solar altitude and is used with another relationship for prediction of the vertical illuminance. Both equations show good agreement, which allows for calculation of indirect vertical illuminance on a south facing surface at any time throughout the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran%20daylight%20availability" title="Tehran daylight availability">Tehran daylight availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20illuminance" title=" horizontal illuminance"> horizontal illuminance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20illuminance" title=" vertical illuminance"> vertical illuminance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffuse%20illuminance" title=" diffuse illuminance"> diffuse illuminance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73872/horizontal-and-vertical-illuminance-correlations-in-a-case-study-for-shaded-south-facing-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1843</span> Analysis of Building Response from Vertical Ground Motions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20C.%20Yao">George C. Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao-Yu%20Tu"> Chao-Yu Tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Chung%20Chen"> Wei-Chung Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fung-Wen%20Kuo"> Fung-Wen Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Shan%20Chang"> Yu-Shan Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building structures are subjected to both horizontal and vertical ground motions during earthquakes, but only the horizontal ground motion has been extensively studied and considered in design. Most of the prevailing seismic codes assume the vertical component to be 1/2 to 2/3 of the horizontal one. In order to understand the building responses from vertical ground motions, many earthquakes records are studied in this paper. System identification methods (ARX Model) are used to analyze the strong motions and to find out the characteristics of the vertical amplification factors and the natural frequencies of buildings. Analysis results show that the vertical amplification factors for high-rise buildings and low-rise building are 1.78 and 2.52 respectively, and the average vertical amplification factor of all buildings is about 2. The relationship between the vertical natural frequency and building height was regressed to a suggested formula in this study. The result points out an important message; the taller the building is, the greater chance of resonance of vertical vibration on the building will be. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20ground%20motion" title="vertical ground motion">vertical ground motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20amplification%20factor" title=" vertical amplification factor"> vertical amplification factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component" title=" component"> component</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73421/analysis-of-building-response-from-vertical-ground-motions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1842</span> Analytical and Numerical Study of Formation of Sporadic E Layer with Taking into Account Horizontal and Vertical In-Homogeneity of the Horizontal Wind </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgi%20Dalakishvili">Giorgi Dalakishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goderdzi%20G.%20Didebulidze"> Goderdzi G. Didebulidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Todua"> Maya Todua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possibility of sporadic E (Es) layer formation in the mid-latitude nighttime lower thermosphere by horizontal homogeneous and inhomogeneous (vertically and horizontally changing) winds is investigated in 3D by analytical and numerical solutions of continuity equation for dominant heavy metallic ions Fe+. The theory of influence of wind velocity direction, value, and its shear on formation of sporadic E is developed in case of presence the effect of horizontally changing wind (the effect of horizontal convergence). In this case, the horizontal wind with horizontal shear, characterized by compressibility and/or vortices, can provide an additional influence on heavy metallic ions Fe+ horizontal convergence and Es layers density, which can be formed by their vertical convergence caused as by wind direction and values and by its horizontal shear as well. The horizontal wind value and direction have significant influence on ion vertical drift velocity and its minimal negative values of divergence necessary for development of ion vertical convergence into sporadic E type layer. The horizontal wind horizontal shear, in addition to its vertical shear, also influences the ion drift velocity value and its vertical changes and correspondingly on formation of sporadic E layer and its density. The atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), with relatively smaller horizontal wave length than planetary waves and tidal motion, can significantly influence location of ion vertical drift velocity nodes (where Es layers formation expectable) and its vertical and horizontal shear providing ion vertical convergence into thin layer. Horizontal shear can cause additional influence in the Es layers density than in the case of only wind value and vertical shear only. In this case, depending on wind direction and value in the height region of the lower thermosphere about 90-150 km occurs heavy metallic ions (Fe+) vertical convergence into thin sporadic E type layer. The horizontal wind horizontal shear also can influence on ions horizontal convergence and density and location Es layers. The AGWs modulate the horizontal wind direction and values and causes ion additional horizontal convergence, while the vertical changes (shear) causes additional vertical convergence than in the case without vertical shear. Influence of horizontal shear on sporadic E density and the importance of vertical compressibility of the lower thermosphere, which also can be influenced by AGWs, is demonstrated numerically. For the given wavelength and background wind, the predictability of formation Es layers and its possible location regions are shown. Acknowledgements: This study was funded by Georgian Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation Grant no. FR17-357. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-homogeneous" title="in-homogeneous">in-homogeneous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sporadic%20E" title=" sporadic E"> sporadic E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermosphere" title=" thermosphere"> thermosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128943/analytical-and-numerical-study-of-formation-of-sporadic-e-layer-with-taking-into-account-horizontal-and-vertical-in-homogeneity-of-the-horizontal-wind" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1841</span> Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Cohesionless Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Arora">V. K. Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20Prakash"> Suraj Prakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile foundations are provided to transfer the vertical and horizontal loads of superstructures like high rise buildings, bridges, offshore structures etc. to the deep strata in the soil. These vertical and horizontal loads are due to the loads coming from the superstructure and wind, water thrust, earthquake, and earth pressure, respectively. In a pile foundation, piles are used in groups. Vertical piles in a group of piles are more efficient to take vertical loads as compared to horizontal loads and when the horizontal load per pile exceeds the bearing capacity of the vertical piles in that case batter piles are used with vertical piles because batter piles can take more lateral loads than vertical piles. In this paper, a model study was conducted on three vertical pile group with single positive and negative battered pile subjected to lateral loads. The batter angle for battered piles was ±35◦ with the vertical axis. Piles were spaced at 2.5d (d=diameter of pile) to each other. The soil used for model test was cohesionless soil. Lateral loads were applied in three stages on all the pile groups individually and it was found that under the repeated action of lateral loading, the deflection of the piles increased under the same loading. After comparing the results, it was found that the pile group with positive batter pile fails at 28 kgf and the pile group with negative batter pile fails at 24 kgf so it shows that positive battered piles are stronger than the negative battered piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20piles" title="vertical piles">vertical piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20battered%20piles" title=" positive battered piles"> positive battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20battered%20piles" title=" negative battered piles"> negative battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionless%20soil" title=" cohesionless soil"> cohesionless soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loads" title=" lateral loads"> lateral loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20test" title=" model test"> model test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428/behaviour-of-laterally-loaded-pile-groups-in-cohesionless-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1840</span> Behavior of a Vertical Pile under the Effect of an Inclined Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Mohamed%20Abdrabbo">Fathi Mohamed Abdrabbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Elsayed%20Gaaver"> Khaled Elsayed Gaaver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musab%20Musa%20Eldooma"> Musab Musa Eldooma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an attempt made to investigate the behavior of a single vertical steel hollow pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load at various inclination angles α through FEM package MIDAS GTS/NX 2019. The effect of the inclination angle and slenderness ratio on the performance of the pile was investigated. Inclined load caring capacity and pile stiffness, as well as lateral deformation profiles along with the pile, were presented. The global, vertical, and horizontal load displacements, as well as the deformation profiles along with the pile and the pile stiffness, are significantly affected by α. Whereas P-Y curves of the pile are independent of α., also the slenderness ratios are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile. In addition, there was a noticeable effect of the horizontal component on the vertical behavior of the pile, whereas there was no influence of the presence of vertical load on the horizontal behavior of the pile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundations" title="deep foundations">deep foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles" title=" piles"> piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20load" title=" inclined load"> inclined load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20deformations" title=" pile deformations"> pile deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145253/behavior-of-a-vertical-pile-under-the-effect-of-an-inclined-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1839</span> IT Systems of the US Federal Courts, Justice, and Governance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Zernik">Joseph Zernik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanics of rip currents are complex, involving interactions between waves, currents, water levels and the bathymetry, that present particular challenges for numerical models. Here, the effects of a grid-spacing dependent horizontal mixing on the wave-current interactions are studied. Near the shore, wave rays diverge from channels towards bar crests because of refraction by topography and currents, in a way that depends on the rip current intensity which is itself modulated by the horizontal mixing. At low resolution with the grid-spacing dependent horizontal mixing, the wave motion is the same for both coupling modes because the wave deviation by the currents is weak. In high-resolution case, however, classical results are found with the stabilizing effect of the flow by feedback of waves on currents. Lastly, wave-current interactions and the horizontal mixing strongly affect the intensity of the three-dimensional rip velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-justice" title="e-justice">e-justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federal%20courts" title=" federal courts"> federal courts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20regulation" title=" banking regulation"> banking regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20899/it-systems-of-the-us-federal-courts-justice-and-governance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1838</span> Turbulence Modeling and Wave-Current Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Bennis">A. C. Bennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Dumas"> F. Dumas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ardhuin"> F. Ardhuin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Blanke"> B. Blanke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanics of rip currents are complex, involving interactions between waves, currents, water levels and the bathymetry, that present particular challenges for numerical models. Here, the effects of a grid-spacing dependent horizontal mixing on the wave-current interactions are studied. Near the shore, wave rays diverge from channels towards bar crests because of refraction by topography and currents, in a way that depends on the rip current intensity which is itself modulated by the horizontal mixing. At low resolution with the grid-spacing dependent horizontal mixing, the wave motion is the same for both coupling modes because the wave deviation by the currents is weak. In high-resolution case, however, classical results are found with the stabilizing effect of the flow by feedback of waves on currents. Lastly, wave-current interactions and the horizontal mixing strongly affect the intensity of the three-dimensional rip velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title="numerical modeling">numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave-current%20interactions" title=" wave-current interactions"> wave-current interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20modeling" title=" turbulence modeling"> turbulence modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rip%20currents" title=" rip currents "> rip currents </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20848/turbulence-modeling-and-wave-current-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1837</span> Behavior of A Vertical Pile Under the Effect of an Inclined Load in Loose Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Mohamed%20Abdrabbo">Fathi Mohamed Abdrabbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Esayed%20Gaaver"> Khaled Esayed Gaaver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musab%20Musa%20Eldooma"> Musab Musa Eldooma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an attempt made to investigate the behavior of a single vertical steel hollow pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load at various inclination angles α through FEM package MIDAS GTS/NX 2019. The effect of the inclination angle and slenderness ratio on the performance of the pile was investigated. Inclined load caring capacity and pile stiffness, as well as lateral deformation profiles along with the pile, were presented. The global, vertical, and horizontal load displacements of pile head, as well as the deformation profiles along the pile and the pile stiffness, are significantly affected by α. It was observed that the P-Y curves of the pile-soil system are independent of α. Also, the slenderness ratios are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile. In addition, there was a noticeable effect of the horizontal load component of the applied load on the vertical behavior of the pile, whereas there was no influence of the presence of vertical load on the horizontal behavior of the pile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundation" title="deep foundation">deep foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles" title=" piles"> piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20load" title=" inclined load"> inclined load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20deformations" title=" pile deformations"> pile deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145277/behavior-of-a-vertical-pile-under-the-effect-of-an-inclined-load-in-loose-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1836</span> Effect of Prefabricated Vertical Drain System Properties on Embankment Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Namaei"> Ali Namaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the effect of prefabricated vertical drain system properties on embankment behavior by calculating the settlement, lateral displacement and induced excess pore pressure by numerical method. In order to investigate this behavior, three different prefabricated vertical drains have been simulated under an embankment. The finite element software PLAXIS has been carried out for analyzing the displacements and excess pore pressures. The results showed that the consolidation time and induced excess pore pressure are highly depended to the discharge capacity of the prefabricated vertical drain. The increase in the discharge capacity leads to decrease the consolidation process and the induced excess pore pressure. Moreover, it was seen that the vertical drains spacing does not have any significant effect on the consolidation time. However, the increase in the drains spacing would decrease the system stiffness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20drain" title="vertical drain">vertical drain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefabricated" title=" prefabricated"> prefabricated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embankment" title=" embankment"> embankment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109050/effect-of-prefabricated-vertical-drain-system-properties-on-embankment-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1835</span> Design and Optimization of Soil Nailing Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Akbari">Fereshteh Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrokh%20Jalali%20Mosalam"> Farrokh Jalali Mosalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hedayatifar"> Ali Hedayatifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Aminjavaheri"> Amirreza Aminjavaheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The soil nailing is an effective method to stabilize slopes and retaining structures. Consequently, the lateral and vertical displacement of retaining walls are important criteria to evaluate the safety risks of adjacent structures. This paper is devoted to the optimization problems of retaining walls based on ABAQOUS Software. The various parameters such as nail length, orientation, arrangement, horizontal spacing, and bond skin friction, on lateral and vertical displacement of retaining walls are investigated. In order to ensure accuracy, the mobilized shear stress acting around the perimeter of the nail-soil interface is also modeled in ABAQOUS software. The observed trend of results is compared to the previous researches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20walls" title="retaining walls">retaining walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nailing" title=" soil nailing"> soil nailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQOUS%20software" title=" ABAQOUS software"> ABAQOUS software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20displacement" title=" lateral displacement"> lateral displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20displacement" title=" vertical displacement"> vertical displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154028/design-and-optimization-of-soil-nailing-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1834</span> Permissible Horizontal Displacements during the Construction of Vertical Shafts in Soft Soils at the Valley of Mexico: Case History</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20M.%20De%20La%20Rosa%20R.">Joel M. De La Rosa R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the results obtained when monitoring the horizontal deformations of the soil mass are detailed, during each of the construction stages of several vertical shafts located in the soft soils of the Valley of Mexico, by means of the flotation method. From the analysis of these results, the magnitude and percentage relationship with respect to the diameter and depth of excavation of the horizontal deformations that occurred during the monitoring period is established. Based on the horizontal deformation monitoring system and the information provided by the supervisor's site log, the construction stages that have the greatest impact on deformations are established. Additionally, an analysis of the deformations is carried out, which takes into account the resistance and deformability characteristics of the excavated soils, as well as the prevailing hydraulic conditions. This work will allow construction engineers and institutions in charge of infrastructure works in the Valley of Mexico to establish permissible ranges for horizontal deformations that can occur in very soft and saturated soils, during the different construction stages; improving response protocols to potentially dangerous behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20shaft" title="vertical shaft">vertical shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation%20method" title=" flotation method"> flotation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=very%20soft%20clays" title=" very soft clays"> very soft clays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20supervision" title=" construction supervision"> construction supervision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137807/permissible-horizontal-displacements-during-the-construction-of-vertical-shafts-in-soft-soils-at-the-valley-of-mexico-case-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1833</span> Analyzing Time Lag in Seismic Waves and Its Effects on Isolated Structures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizan%20Ahmad">Faizan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenna%20Wong"> Jenna Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Time lag between peak values of horizontal and vertical seismic waves is a well-known phenomenon. Horizontal and vertical seismic waves, secondary and primary waves in nature respectively, travel through different layers of soil and the travel time is dependent upon the medium of wave transmission. In seismic analysis, many standardized codes do not require the actual vertical acceleration to be part of the analysis procedure. Instead, a factor load addition for a particular site is used to capture strength demands in case of vertical excitation. This study reviews the effects of vertical accelerations to analyze the behavior of a linearly rubber isolated structure in different time lag situations and frequency content by application of historical and simulated ground motions using SAP2000. The response of the structure is reviewed under multiple sets of ground motions and trends based on time lag and frequency variations are drawn. The accuracy of these results is discussed and evaluated to provide reasoning for use of real vertical excitations in seismic analysis procedures, especially for isolated structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20analysis" title="seismic analysis">seismic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20accelerations" title=" vertical accelerations"> vertical accelerations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20lag" title=" time lag"> time lag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolated%20structures" title=" isolated structures"> isolated structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77961/analyzing-time-lag-in-seismic-waves-and-its-effects-on-isolated-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1832</span> Traffic Calming Measures at Rural Roads in Dhofar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Bakhit%20Kashoob">Mohammed Bakhit Kashoob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salim%20Al-Maashani"> Mohammed Salim Al-Maashani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdullah%20Al-Marhoon"> Ahmed Abdullah Al-Marhoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic calming measures are different design features or strategies used to reduce the speed of a traveling vehicle on a particular road. These calming measures are common on rural roads of Oman. Some of these measures are road speed limits, vertical deflections, horizontal deflections, and road signs. In general, vertical deflections such as rumble strips, road studs (cat’s eye), speed tables, and speed humps are widely used. In this paper, as vehicle speeding is a major cause of road traffic crashes and high fatalities in Oman, the effectiveness of existing traffic calming measures at current locations on rural roads is assessed. The study was conducted on the rural roads of Dhofar Governorate, which is located in the south of Oman. A special focus is given to the calming measures implemented on the mountain roads of Dhofar. It is shown that vertical deflection calming measures are effective in reducing vehicle speed to 20 to 40 kph, depending on the vertical deflection type and spacing. Calming measures are also proposed at locations with a high probability of traffic crashes based on the number of traffic crashes at these locations, road type, and road geometry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20roads" title=" rural roads"> rural roads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed" title=" speed"> speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20calming%20measures" title=" traffic calming measures"> traffic calming measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20crash" title=" traffic crash"> traffic crash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153200/traffic-calming-measures-at-rural-roads-in-dhofar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1831</span> Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge Hinge Replacement and Horizontal and Vertical Earthquake Restrainers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumars%20ZandParsa">Kumars ZandParsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quynh%20Nguyen"> Quynh Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Moradi"> Hadi Moradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are old cast-in-place concrete box girder bridges in California with inter-span hinges that are designed based on old earthquake codes. Hinge removal is part of the bridges’ earthquake retrofitting project, and hinges were removed and replaced with modified hinges per new earthquake codes. The span that has a hinge is divided into short and long cantilevers in which the short cantilever supports the long cantilever. In the recent bridge hinge replacement, the length of the short and long cantilevers were 20ft and 80ft, respectively. The seat in the new design is wider than the old design, and the horizontal and vertical movements of the deck at the hinge location must be computed to check if restraints are needed. In this paper, besides considering the conventional reinforced concrete box girder bridges, the hinge removal operations, along with the response spectrum analysis based on the El Centro 1940 earthquake, will be presented to verify if vertical and horizontal restrainers are needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hinge%20replacement" title="hinge replacement">hinge replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restrainers" title=" restrainers"> restrainers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20earthquake" title=" vertical earthquake"> vertical earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" response spectrum analysis"> response spectrum analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156093/reinforced-concrete-box-girder-bridge-hinge-replacement-and-horizontal-and-vertical-earthquake-restrainers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1830</span> Studying Frame-Resistant Steel Structures under Near Field Ground Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Hashemi">S. A. Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khoshraftar"> A. Khoshraftar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the influence of the vertical seismic component on the non-linear dynamics analysis of three different structures. The subject structures were analyzed and designed according to recent codes. This paper considers three types of buildings: 5-, 10-, and 15-story buildings. The non-linear dynamics analysis of the structures with assuming elastic-perfectly-plastic behavior was performed using Ram Perform-3D software; the horizontal component was taken into consideration with and without the incorporation of the corresponding vertical component. Dynamic responses obtained for the horizontal component acting alone were compared with those obtained from the simultaneous application of both seismic components. The results show that the effect of the vertical component of the ground motion may increase the axial load significantly in the interior columns and consequently, the stories. The plastic mechanisms would be changed. The P-Delta effect is expected to increase. The punching base plate shear of the columns should be considered. Moreover, the vertical component increases the input energy when the structures exhibit inelastic behavior and are taller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20behavior" title="inelastic behavior">inelastic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" non-linear dynamic analysis"> non-linear dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20component" title=" vertical component"> vertical component</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30902/studying-frame-resistant-steel-structures-under-near-field-ground-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1829</span> Horizontal-Vertical and Enhanced-Unicast Interconnect Testing Techniques for Network-on-Chip</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdiar%20Hosseinghadiry">Mahdiar Hosseinghadiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razali%20Ismail"> Razali Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Fotovati"> F. Fotovati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important and challenging tasks in testing network-on-chip based system-on-chips (NoC based SoCs) is to verify the communication entity. It is important because of its usage for transferring both data packets and test patterns for intellectual properties (IPs) during normal and test mode. Hence, ensuring of NoC reliability is required for reliable IPs functionality and testing. On the other hand, it is challenging due to the required time to test it and the way of transferring test patterns from the tester to the NoC components. In this paper, two testing techniques for mesh-based NoC interconnections are proposed. The first one is based on one-by-one testing and the second one divides NoC interconnects into three parts, horizontal links of switches in even columns, horizontal links of switches in odd columns and all vertical. A design for testability (DFT) architecture is represented to send test patterns directly to each switch under test and also support the proposed testing techniques by providing a loopback path in each switch. The simulation results shows the second proposed testing mechanism outperforms in terms of test time because this method test all the interconnects in only three phases, independent to the number of existed interconnects in the network, while test time of other methods are highly dependent to the number of switches and interconnects in the NoC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on%20chip" title="on chip">on chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interconnection%20testing" title=" interconnection testing"> interconnection testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal-vertical%20testing" title=" horizontal-vertical testing"> horizontal-vertical testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20unicast" title=" enhanced unicast"> enhanced unicast</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16767/horizontal-vertical-and-enhanced-unicast-interconnect-testing-techniques-for-network-on-chip" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1828</span> 3D Numerical Analysis of Stone Columns Reinforced with Horizontal and Vertical Geosynthetic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khalili"> A. Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improvement and reinforcement of soils with poor strength and engineering properties for constructing low height structures or structures such as liquid storage tanks, bridge columns, and heavy structures have necessitated applying particular techniques. Stone columns are among the well-known methods applied in such soils. This method provides an economically justified way for improving engineering properties of soft clay and loose sandy soils. Stone column implementation in these soils increases their bearing capacity and reduces the settlement of foundation build on them. In the present study, the finite difference based FLAC3D software was used to investigate the performance and effect of soil reinforcement through stone columns without lining and those with geosynthetic lining with different levels of stiffness in horizontal and vertical modes in clayey soils. The results showed that soil improvement using stone columns with lining in vertical and horizontal modes results in improvement of bearing capacity and foundation settlement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC3D" title=" FLAC3D"> FLAC3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetic" title=" geosynthetic"> geosynthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title=" stone column"> stone column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79453/3d-numerical-analysis-of-stone-columns-reinforced-with-horizontal-and-vertical-geosynthetic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1827</span> Effect of Model Dimension in Numerical Simulation on Assessment of Water Inflow to Tunnel in Discontinues Rock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Farhadian">Hadi Farhadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayoon%20Katibeh"> Homayoon Katibeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater inflow to the tunnels is one of the most important problems in tunneling operation. The objective of this study is the investigation of model dimension effects on tunnel inflow assessment in discontinuous rock masses using numerical modeling. In the numerical simulation, the model dimension has an important role in prediction of water inflow rate. When the model dimension is very small, due to low distance to the tunnel border, the model boundary conditions affect the estimated amount of groundwater flow into the tunnel and results show a very high inflow to tunnel. Hence, in this study, the two-dimensional universal distinct element code (UDEC) used and the impact of different model parameters, such as tunnel radius, joint spacing, horizontal and vertical model domain extent has been evaluated. Results show that the model domain extent is a function of the most significant parameters, which are tunnel radius and joint spacing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20inflow" title="water inflow">water inflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinues%20rock" title=" discontinues rock"> discontinues rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30558/effect-of-model-dimension-in-numerical-simulation-on-assessment-of-water-inflow-to-tunnel-in-discontinues-rock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1826</span> Comparative Analysis between Thailand and the United States of a Wholesale Exemption for Vertical Restraint Regarding Intellectual Property Licensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanpetchuda%20Krutkrua">Sanpetchuda Krutkrua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suphawatchara%20Malanond"> Suphawatchara Malanond</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Competition law is not a new thing in Thailand. Thailand first passed the first competition law during the Second World War in order to stop business operator monopolizing food and basic living supplies. The competition law in Thailand has been amended several times during the past eighty years in order to make it suitable for the current economic and social condition. In 2017, Thailand enacted the current Trade Competition Act of B.E. 2560, which contain several changes to the regime in order to enhance a prevention of collusive practices and monopolization through both vertical restraints and horizontal restraints. Section 56 of the Act provides exemptions for the vertical relationship; i.e., the arrangement in form of complementary relationship, between business operators, franchising agreements between franchisor and franchisee, and licensing agreement between licensor and licensee. The key is that such agreements must not be excessive, create monopolization or attempt to monopolize, or cause any impacts the consumers regarding price, quality, quantity of the goods. The goal of the paper is to explore the extent of the exemption under Section 56 and its sequential regulations regarding vertical trade restraints in the case intellectual property licensing. The research will be conducted in form of a comparative analysis on exemptions for collusive practices under the United States Antitrust law and the Thai Competition Act of B.E. 2560. The United Antitrust law, fairly similar to the Thai Competition Act of B.E. 2561, views the intellectual property licensing to have pro-competitive benefits to the market as long as the intellectual property licensing agreement does not harm the competition amongst the business operators that could have or would have been competitors. The United States Antitrust law identifies the relationship between the parties of the agreement whether such agreement is horizontal or vertical or both. Even though the nature of licensing agreements is primarily vertical, the relationship between licensor and licensees can also be horizontal if they could have been potential competitors in the market as well. The United States Antitrust law frowns upon, if not prohibits, the horizontal restraints regarding the intellectual property licensing but does not impose the same restrictions on the vertical trade restraints regarding intellectual property licensing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antitrust" title="antitrust">antitrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20law" title=" competition law"> competition law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20restraint" title=" vertical restraint"> vertical restraint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20licensing" title=" intellectual property licensing"> intellectual property licensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20law" title=" comparative law"> comparative law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104361/comparative-analysis-between-thailand-and-the-united-states-of-a-wholesale-exemption-for-vertical-restraint-regarding-intellectual-property-licensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1825</span> Design and Validation of a Darrieus Type Hydrokinetic Turbine for South African Irrigation Canals Experimentally and Computationally</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maritz%20Lourens%20Van%20Rensburg">Maritz Lourens Van Rensburg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chantel%20Niebuhr"> Chantel Niebuhr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilizing all available renewable energy sources is an ever-growing necessity, this includes a newfound interest into hydrokinetic energy systems, which open the door to installations where conventional hydropower shows no potential. Optimization and obtaining high efficiencies are key in these installations. In this study a vertical axis Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine is designed and constructed to address certain drawbacks experience by axial flow horizontal axis turbines in an irrigation channel. Many horizontal axis turbines have been well developed and optimized to have high efficiencies but depending on the conditions experienced in an open channel, the performance of these turbines may be adversely affected. The study analyses how the designed vertical axis turbine addresses the problems experienced by a horizontal axis turbine while still achieving a satisfactory efficiency. To be able to optimize the vertical axis turbine, a computational fluid dynamics model was validated to the experimental results obtained from the power generated from a test turbine installation operating at various rotational speeds. It was found that an accurate validated model can be obtained through validation of generated power output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrokinetic" title="hydrokinetic">hydrokinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darrieus" title=" Darrieus"> Darrieus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20turbine" title=" vertical axis turbine "> vertical axis turbine </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120998/design-and-validation-of-a-darrieus-type-hydrokinetic-turbine-for-south-african-irrigation-canals-experimentally-and-computationally" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1824</span> Thermodynamic Modeling of Methane Injection in Gas-Condensate Reservoir Core: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20S.%20Alavi">F. S. Alavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mowla"> D. Mowla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Esmaeilzadeh"> F. Esmaeilzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the core of Sarkhoon Gas Condensate Reservoir located in the south of Iran was thermodynamically modeled in order to study the natural depletion process and methane injection phenomena for enhanced gas-condensate recovery using the Eclipse 300 compositional simulator. Modeling was performed for three different core lengths with different production and injection flow rates in both vertical and horizontal cases. According to the results, the final condensate in place value in the natural depletion process is approximately independent of the production rate for a given pressure drop. The final condensate in place value is lower in vertical cases compared to horizontal cases. An increase in the injection flow rate leads to a decrease in the percentage of gascondensate recovery. In cores of equal length, gas condensate recovery percent is higher in vertical cases in comparison to horizontal cases. For a constant injection rate, decreasing the core length leads to a decrease in gas condensate recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20simulation" title="reservoir simulation">reservoir simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20injection" title=" methane injection"> methane injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20condensate%20recovery" title=" enhanced condensate recovery"> enhanced condensate recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20core" title=" reservoir core"> reservoir core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153704/thermodynamic-modeling-of-methane-injection-in-gas-condensate-reservoir-core-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1823</span> A Multiple Beam LTE Base Station Antenna with Simultaneous Vertical and Horizontal Sectorization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sanad">Mohamed Sanad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20Hassan"> Noha Hassan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A low wind-load light-weight broad-band multi-beam base station antenna has been developed. It can generate any required number of beams with the required beamwidths. It can have horizontal and vertical sectorization at the same time. Vertical sectorization doubles the overall number of beams. It will be very valuable in LTE-A and 5G. It can be used to serve vertically split inner and outer cells, which improves system performance. The intersection between the beams of the proposed multi-beam antenna can be controlled by optimizing the design parameters of the antenna. The gain at the points of intersection between the beams, the null filling and the overlap between the beams can all be modified. The proposed multi-beam base station antenna can cover an unlimited number of wireless applications, regardless of their frequency bands. It can simultaneously cover all, current and future, wireless technology generations such as 2G, 3G, 4G (LTE), --- etc. For example, in LTE, it covers the bands 450-470 MHz, 690-960 MHz, 1.4-2.7 GHz and 3.3-3.8 GHz. It has at least 2 ports for each band in each beam for ±45° polarizations. It can include up to 72 ports or even more, which could facilitate any further needed capacity expansions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station%20antenna" title="base station antenna">base station antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-beam%20antenna" title=" multi-beam antenna"> multi-beam antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20antenna" title=" smart antenna"> smart antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20sectorization" title=" vertical sectorization"> vertical sectorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86214/a-multiple-beam-lte-base-station-antenna-with-simultaneous-vertical-and-horizontal-sectorization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1822</span> Quantification of Effects of Structure-Soil-Structure Interactions on Urban Environment under Rayleigh Wave Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Kumar">Neeraj Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Narayan"> J. P. Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of multiple Structure-Soil-Structure Interactions (SSSI) on the seismic wave-field is generally disregarded by earthquake engineers, particularly the surface waves which cause more damage to buildings. Closely built high rise buildings exchange substantial seismic energy with each other and act as a full-coupled dynamic system. In this paper, SSI effects on the building responses and the free field motion due to a small city consisting 25- homogenous buildings blocks of 10-storey are quantified. The rocking and translational behavior of building under Rayleigh wave loading is studied for different dimensions of the building. The obtained dynamic parameters of buildings revealed a reduction in building roof drift with an increase in number of buildings ahead of the considered building. The strain developed by vertical component of Rayleigh may cause tension in structural components of building. A matching of fundamental frequency of building for the horizontal component of Rayleigh wave with that for vertically incident SV-wave is obtained. Further, the fundamental frequency of building for the vertical vibration is approximately twice to that for horizontal vibration. The city insulation has caused a reduction of amplitude of Rayleigh wave up to 19.3% and 21.6% in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively just outside the city. Further, the insulating effect of city was very large at fundamental frequency of buildings for both the horizontal and vertical components. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the insulating effects of city falling in the path of Rayleigh wave propagation in seismic hazard assessment for an area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-soil-structure%20interactions" title="structure-soil-structure interactions">structure-soil-structure interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20wave%20propagation" title=" Rayleigh wave propagation"> Rayleigh wave propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20simulation" title=" finite difference simulation"> finite difference simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response%20of%20buildings" title=" dynamic response of buildings"> dynamic response of buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75186/quantification-of-effects-of-structure-soil-structure-interactions-on-urban-environment-under-rayleigh-wave-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1821</span> Theoretical, Numerical and Experimental Assessment of Elastomeric Bearing Stability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20A.%20Guzman">Manuel A. Guzman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20Forcellini"> Davide Forcellini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Moreno"> Ricardo Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20H.%20Giraldo"> Diego H. Giraldo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elastomeric bearings (EB) are used in many applications, such as base isolation of bridges, seismic protection and vibration control of other structures and machinery. Their versatility is due to their particular behavior since they have different stiffness in the vertical and horizontal directions, allowing to sustain vertical loads and at the same time horizontal displacements. Therefore, vertical, horizontal and bending stiffnesses are important parameters to take into account in the design of EB. In order to acquire a proper design methodology of EB all three, theoretical, finite element analysis and experimental, approaches should be taken into account to assess stability due to different loading states, predict their behavior and consequently their effects on the dynamic response of structures, and understand complex behavior and properties of rubber-like materials respectively. In particular, the recent large-displacement theory on the stability of EB formulated by Forcellini and Kelly is validated with both numerical simulations using the finite element method, and experimental results set at the University of Antioquia in Medellin, Colombia. In this regard, this study reproduces the behavior of EB under compression loads and investigates the stability behavior with the three mentioned points of view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastomeric%20bearings" title="elastomeric bearings">elastomeric bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20tests" title=" experimental tests"> experimental tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large-displacement%20theory" title=" large-displacement theory"> large-displacement theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94260/theoretical-numerical-and-experimental-assessment-of-elastomeric-bearing-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1820</span> Deformation and Crystallization in a 7075-T651 Friction Stir Weld</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Paglia">C. S. Paglia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deformation and the crystallization in a 7075-T651 friction stir weld, in particular for regions directly in contact with the mechanical action of the rotating probe, have been investigated by means of optical microscopy. The investigation enabled to identify regions of the weld differently affected by the deformation caused by the welding process. The highly deformed grains in the horizontal direction close to the plate margin were indicative of shear movements along the horizontal plane, while highly deformed grains along the plate margin in the vertical direction were indicative of vertical shear movements of opposite directions, which superimposed the shear movement along the horizontal plane. The vertical shear movements were not homogeneous through the plate thickness. The microstructure indicated that after the probe passes, the grain growth may take place under static conditions. The small grains microstructure of the nugget region, formed after the main dynamic recrystallization process, develops to an equiaxed microstructure. A material transport influenced by the rotating shoulder was also observed from the trailing to the advancing side of the weld. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA7075-T651" title="AA7075-T651">AA7075-T651</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title=" friction stir welding"> friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124625/deformation-and-crystallization-in-a-7075-t651-friction-stir-weld" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1819</span> Soft Ground Improved by Prefabricated Vertical Drains with Vacuum and Thermal Preloading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gia%20Lam%20Le">Gia Lam Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20T.%20Bergado"> Dennis T. Bergado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Ngoc%20Truc%20Nguyen"> Thi Ngoc Truc Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on behaviors of improved soft clay using prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) combined with vacuum and electro-osmotic preloading. Large-scale consolidations of reconstituted soft Bangkok clay were conducted for PVD improvement with vacuum (vacuum-PVD), and vacuum combined with heat (vacuum-thermo-PVD). The research revealed that vacuum-thermo-PVD gives high efficiency of the consolidation rate compared to the vacuum-PVD. In addition, the magnitude of settlement of the specimen improved by the vacuum-thermo-PVD is higher than the vacuum-PVD because the assistance of heat causes the collapse of the clay structure. Particularly, to reach 90% degree of consolidation, the thermal-vacuum-PVD reduced about 58% consolidation time compared to the vacuum-PVD. The increase in consolidation rate is resulted from the increase in horizontal coefficient of consolidation, Ch, the reduction of the smear effect expressed by the ratio of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the undisturbed zone, kh, and the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the smeared zone, ks. Furthermore, the shear strength, Su, increased about 100% when compared using the vacuum-thermal-PVD to the vacuum PVD. In addition, numerical simulations gave reasonable results compared to the laboratory data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVD%20improvement" title="PVD improvement">PVD improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20preloading" title=" vacuum preloading"> vacuum preloading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefabricated%20vertical%20drain" title=" prefabricated vertical drain"> prefabricated vertical drain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20PVD" title=" thermal PVD"> thermal PVD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73298/soft-ground-improved-by-prefabricated-vertical-drains-with-vacuum-and-thermal-preloading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1818</span> Going Horizontal: Confronting the Challenges When Transitioning to Cloud</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harvey%20Hyman">Harvey Hyman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Hull"> Thomas Hull</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the largest cancer treatment centers in the United States, we continuously confront the challenge of how to leverage the best possible technological solutions, in order to provide the highest quality of service to our customers – the doctors, nurses and patients at Moffitt who are fighting every day for the prevention and cure of cancer. This paper reports on the transition from a vertical to a horizontal IT infrastructure. We discuss how the new frameworks and methods such as public, private and hybrid cloud, brokering cloud services are replacing the traditional vertical paradigm for computing. We also report on the impact of containers, micro services, and the shift to continuous integration/continuous delivery. These impacts and changes in delivery methodology for computing are driving how we accomplish our strategic IT goals across the enterprise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20infrastructure" title=" IT infrastructure"> IT infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20architecture" title=" IT architecture"> IT architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title=" healthcare"> healthcare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66676/going-horizontal-confronting-the-challenges-when-transitioning-to-cloud" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=61">61</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=62">62</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20horizontal%20dot%20spacing&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>