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The Role of Vaccines in Preventing Liver Diseases – Vaccine Studies
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id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-100" class="post-100 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-liver-diseases tag-acip-guidelines tag-cirrhosis tag-hbv-vaccination tag-hcv-vaccine-development tag-hepatitis-b-hbv tag-hepatitis-c-hcv tag-hepatocellular-carcinoma-hcc tag-immunization-guidelines tag-liver-diseases tag-vaccine-coverage" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://vaccine-studies.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/banner-01-min-scaled-e1731048269504.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">The Role of Vaccines in Preventing Liver Diseases</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T12:14:59+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">November 8, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://vaccine-studies.com/archive/author/vaccine-studies/" title="View all posts by vaccine-studies" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">vaccine-studies</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Liver diseases with hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis, and liver cancer are serious health problems around the world, killing millions of people yearly. Significantly, vaccination has played a vital role in the war against these liver diseases and provides a great tool that can drastically cut the incidence of these conditions. Vaccines play a significant role not only in the development of liver disease outbreaks but also in the control of their spread. The paper delves into these and other details of the prevention of liver diseases by vaccines, with regard to advances so far, the challenges encountered, and vaccination efforts in process.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vaccination is key in preventing liver diseases, especially those caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Viral infections are the major causes of chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Effective vaccines against HBV have lowered the prevalence of HBV infection and its related complications tremendously.</span></p> <h4><b>Hepatitis B Vaccination</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HBV vaccination is the best prospective public health success. It is 95% efficient in the prevention of infection by HBV and is recommended for all infants, children, and adults who are at potential risk of getting infected with HBV. Vaccination programs to combat HBV are very wide and widely implemented, and there has been a dramatic decline in the incidence of HBV infection across the globe.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/publication-trends/index/liver diseases" target="_blank" title="liver diseases - yearwise publication trends">liver diseases</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 550, "2015": 670, "2016": 1015, "2017": 935, "2018": 1333, "2019": 1719, "2020": 2557, "2021": 3589, "2022": 4486, "2023": 7353, "2024": 3240 }; var keywordsArray = ["Liver diseases","Hepatitis B (HBV)","Hepatitis C (HCV)","HBV vaccination","HCV vaccine development","Cirrhosis","Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)","Immunization guidelines","ACIP guidelines","Vaccine coverage"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h4><b>Guidelines and Recommendations for Vaccination</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The ACIP has put in place comprehensive guidelines for vaccination against HBV infections. The committee recommends universal vaccination of infants within the first 24 hours of life, with the completion of the vaccine series. In addition, adolescents and adults who were previously not vaccinated are also recommended to consider vaccination against HBV infections. The guidelines ensure that vaccination of the high-risk populations, which include healthcare workers and individuals with chronic liver diseases, and those who could possibly be at a risk of acquiring HBV infection, receive high priority.</span></p> <h4><b>The effect of immunization of hepatitis B on public health</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The HBV vaccine had an enormous impact on public health. Today, the rate of chronic HBV infection has decreased remarkably in populations with high rates of HBV vaccination. The success of the HBV vaccination program in reducing HBV infection will, in turn, lead to a decline in the incidence of the subsequent liver cirrhosis and HCC. Such experience can only remind us of the crucial need to maintain the high vaccination coverage so as to sustain the public health gains as accrued.</span></p> <h4><b>Challenges of Vaccinating against Hepatitis B</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vaccination against HBV has faced several challenges despite the success of the programs. The first among these is the successful administration of the vaccine to newly born children. Lack of knowledge at birth, logistical challenges, and a series of unavailabilities of health facilities in different parts all contribute toward delaying proper vaccination. In addition, there are gaps in vaccination coverage for susceptible older children and adults in areas where resources are limited.</span></p> <h4><b>Improving Vaccination Coverage</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other coverage-promoting strategies include better healthcare infrastructures, public information campaigns, and inclusion of provisions for vaccination under the rubric of other health programs. Innovative methods like mobile vaccination units and community-based approaches are used to increase coverage of vulnerable and underserved populations.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/recent-publications/index/liver diseases" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="liver diseases - yearwise publication list">liver diseases</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Diosgenin attenuates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease through the hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent signaling pathway.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944952", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Egg white-derived peptides reduced blood glucose in high-fat-diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice regulating the hepatic gluconeogenic signaling and metabolic profile.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38855929", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Liver enzyme profiles after initiating biological treatment in children with inflammatory bowel diseases.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946705", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The signaling pathways in obesity-related complications.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946722", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "LTR Retrotransposon-Derived LncRNA LINC01446 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Angiogenesis by Regulating the SRPK2\/SRSF1\/VEGF Axis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945203", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment and Metabolic Syndrome Among Transgender Veterans.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954413", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Association between protein-energy malnutrition and healthcare use among adult patients after liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944761", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Variational autoencoders for generative modeling of drug dosing determinants in renal, hepatic, metabolic, and cardiac disease states.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38949489", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Preexisting maternal immunity to AAV but not Cas9 impairs in utero gene editing in mice.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950310", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "[Pathophysiology and Diagnostics of Immune Thrombocytopenia].", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950548", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cardiovascular complications during delivery hospitalizations in inflammatory bowel disease patients.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38953945", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Effect of Exercise on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Application in Obesity Treatment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954390", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The lipid side of unfolded protein response.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38844203", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The role and mechanism of SUMO modification in liver disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38878635", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Clinical effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on obesity treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38878905", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Novel insights into the potential applications of stem cells in pulmonary hypertension therapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38849894", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Siglec-H plasmacytoid dendritic cells protects against acute liver injury by suppressing IFN-\u03b3\/Th1 response and promoting IL-21 CD4 T cells.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38849082", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Innate-like T cells in liver disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38879436", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Improved liver disease prediction from clinical data through an evaluation of ensemble learning approaches.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38849815", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Myocardial infarction accelerates the progression of MASH by triggering immunoinflammatory response and induction of periosti.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38838640", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Liver diseases","Hepatitis B (HBV)","Hepatitis C (HCV)","HBV vaccination","HCV vaccine development","Cirrhosis","Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)","Immunization guidelines","ACIP guidelines","Vaccine coverage"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h4><b>Vaccinating against Hepatitis C</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unlike HBV, no vaccine is yet available against HCV. However, active pursuit of the development of a viable HCV vaccine is currently underway. Efforts toward the development of a viable HCV vaccine have been very complicated due to the highly genetically variable nature of the virus and the need to elicit a strong, long-lasting immune response from the vaccine. Current ongoing research, notwithstanding all the complexities, gives hope that sooner or later, some HCV vaccines will be available.</span></p> <h4><b>Vaccination in Prevention of Liver Cancer</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vaccination against HBV has a direct impact on reducing the incidence of liver cancer. Chronic HBV infection is the major risk factor in the development of HCC. Decreasing the factor responsible for most of the cases of liver cancer through vaccination impacts a decrease in the incidence of liver cancer. This preventive measure is very important, especially in areas where HBV infection and cases of liver cancer are rampant.</span></p> <h4><b>Future Directions in Vaccine Development</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The future for developing vaccines against liver diseases is bright. Advances in the fields of immunology and molecular biology can lead to the development of more effective vaccines. A great deal of research is currently taking place with the view to improving the efficacy of existing vaccines, developing new vaccines for other liver diseases, and improving vaccine delivery. All of these are focused on providing overall protection against liver diseases and decreasing their global burden. </span></p> <h4><b>Conclusion</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vaccination represents one of the most foundational strategies for the prevention of liver disease. The HBV vaccination program reflects just one example of how vast the difference a vaccine can make in terms of public health. Both ongoing efforts invested in the development of an HCV vaccine and in the increase of vaccination coverage are among major priorities toward the liver disease response. Considering that vaccination has remained unparalleled, it has almost certainly brought about enormous reductions in the incidence and impact of the disease, thereby improving health outcomes for millions of people globally.</span></p> <p></p> <h4><b>References</b></h4> <ol> <li>Schweitzer, A., Horn, J., Mikolajczyk, R.T., Krause, G. and Ott, J.J., 2015. <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)61412-X/abstract">Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013.</a> <i>The Lancet</i>, <i>386</i>(10003), pp.1546-1555.</li> <li>Cox, A.L., 2020. <a href="https://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/content/10/2/a036947.short">Challenges and promise of a hepatitis C virus vaccine.</a> <i>Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine</i>, <i>10</i>(2), p.a036947.</li> <li>Lok, A.S. and McMahon, B.J., 2009. <a href="https://journals.lww.com/hep/citation/2009/09000/chronic_hepatitis_b__update_2009_.1.aspx">Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009.</a> <i>Hepatology</i>, <i>50</i>(3), pp.661-662.</li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Emerging challenges in hepatitis B vaccination strategies for global control of HBV infection.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hepatitis B and C—global prevalence, management, and prevention.</span></li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">liver diseases</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://vaccine-studies.com/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "lGFHK4wBWBy50K-rcS9q": { "aid": "lGFHK4wBWBy50K-rcS9q", "name": "A. 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", "email": "csirlin@ucsd.edu", "slug_tail": "c-sirlin" }, "vCm3K4wBWBy50K-roHii": { "aid": "vCm3K4wBWBy50K-roHii", "name": "M. Reiser", "citation_count": 52771, "hindex": 109, "paper_count": 1844, "affiliation": "Institut f\u00fcr Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. ", "email": "Maximilian.Reiser@med.uni-muenchen.de", "slug_tail": "m-reiser" }, "moPLK4wBWBy50K-r9dws": { "aid": "moPLK4wBWBy50K-r9dws", "name": "P. Taylor", "citation_count": 42105, "hindex": 107, "paper_count": 586, "affiliation": "Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. ", "email": "ptaylor@mail.nih.gov", "slug_tail": "p-taylor" }, "1hPWKowBWBy50K-rEsSF": { "aid": "1hPWKowBWBy50K-rEsSF", "name": "C. 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