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Agrophys." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Bogdan Adam Saletnik" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Anna Puchalska-Sarna" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Aneta Saletnik" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tomasz Lipa" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Bohdan Dobrzański" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Czesław Puchalski" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/01/11" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/01/11" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="43" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="75" /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content="" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/pdf-176998-99298?filename=Static magnetic fields as.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="magnetic fields; viability; proliferation; structure; cells" /> <title> Static magnetic fields as a factor in modification of tissue and cell structure: a review </title> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=647f0be740353a0019caf2e3&product=inline-share-buttons&source=platform" async="async"></script>  </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="d-none d-md-block"> </div> <div class="d-block d-md-none"> <div class="mMenu"> <a href="#" onclick="$('#mMenuCollapse').slideToggle(400); 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}); </script> <div class="subtitleUnderline"></div> <div class="magAbstractAuthors"> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_254116" onmouseover="highlightAffs('1', 1, 254116); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('1', 0, 254116); return false;"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Bogdan-Saletnik/254116" class="black">Bogdan Adam Saletnik</a> <span class=""> <sup> 1 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:bsaletnik@ur.edu.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-218X" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_254117" onmouseover="highlightAffs('2', 1, 254117); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('2', 0, 254117); return false;"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Anna-Puchalska-Sarna/254117" class="black">Anna Puchalska-Sarna</a> <span class=""> <sup> 2 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:apuchalska@ur.edu.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2208-9109" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_254118" onmouseover="highlightAffs('1', 1, 254118); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('1', 0, 254118); return false;"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Aneta-Saletnik/254118" class="black">Aneta Saletnik</a> <span class=""> <sup> 1 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:asaletnik@ur.edu.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-3120" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_105718" onmouseover="highlightAffs('3', 1, 105718); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('3', 0, 105718); return false;"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Tomasz-Lipa/105718" class="black">Tomasz Lipa</a> <span class=""> <sup> 3 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:tomasz.lipa@up.lublin.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-1495" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_105716" onmouseover="highlightAffs('4', 1, 105716); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('4', 0, 105716); return false;"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Bohdan-Dobrzański/105716" class="black">Bohdan Dobrzański</a> <span class=""> <sup> 4 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:b.dobrzanski@ipan.lublin.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-5297" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_64664" onmouseover="highlightAffs('1', 1, 64664); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('1', 0, 64664); return false;"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Czesław-Puchalski/64664" class="black">Czesław Puchalski</a> <span class=""> <sup> 1 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:cpuchalski@ur.edu.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-2678" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div style="height: 10px;line-height: 10px;font-size: 0;"> </div> <a class="articleDetails" href="#" onclick="$('#articleDetailsId').toggle(200); $('#moreDetailsId').toggle(); $('#hideDetailsId').toggle(); $('[rel=contributionRel]').toggle(200); return false; " id="moreDetailsId"><div class="dirLeft icon icon-angle-down"></div>More details</a> <a class="articleDetails" href="#" onclick="$('#articleDetailsId').toggle(200); $('#hideDetailsId').toggle(); $('#moreDetailsId').toggle(); $('[rel=contributionRel]').toggle(200); return false; " id="hideDetailsId"><div class="dirLeft icon icon-angle-up"></div>Hide details</a> <div id="articleDetailsId"> <div class="affiliations"> <div class="simple-list"> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_1" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('254116,254118,64664', 1, 1); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('254116,254118,64664', 0, 1); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">1</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszów University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_2" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('254117', 1, 2); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('254117', 0, 2); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">2</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Laboratory of Physiotherapy in Developmental Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_3" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('105718', 1, 3); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('105718', 0, 3); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">3</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_4" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('105716', 1, 4); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('105716', 0, 4); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">4</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="simple-list pad-top-12 pad-bot-10"> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Final revision date: 2023-12-04</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Acceptance date: 2023-12-14</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Publication date: 2024-01-11</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="simple-list"> <div class="list-row-small"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23"> <div class="em-085"><b>Corresponding author</b></div> <div class="em-095"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Bogdan-Saletnik/254116" class="corrAuthorLink" class="black">Bogdan Adam Saletnik</a>   <a href="mailto:bsaletnik@ur.edu.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a><br/> Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23"> <div class="em-095"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Author-Tomasz-Lipa/105718" class="corrAuthorLink" class="black">Tomasz Lipa</a>   <a href="mailto:tomasz.lipa@up.lublin.pl"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a><br/> Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function highlightAuthors(a, on, aff){ var a = a.split(','); if(on == 1) $('#aff_'+aff).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#aff_'+aff).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); for(i = 0; i < a.length; i++){ if(on == 1) $('#author_'+a[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#author_'+a[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); } } function highlightAffs(affs, on, author){ var affs = affs.split(','); if(on == 1) $('#author_'+author).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#author_'+author).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); for(i = 0; i < affs.length; i++){ if(on == 1) $('#aff_'+affs[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#aff_'+affs[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); } } </script> <div style="height: 8px;line-height: 8px;font-size: 0;"> </div> <div class="magBibliography2">Int. Agrophys. 2024, 38(1): 43-75</div>  <div class="magBibliography2"> <div class="dirLeft" style="padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 10px;"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/176998"><div class="dirLeft icon icon-angle-right"></div>DOI: <span class="magBibliographyDOI">https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/176998</span></a> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> <div class="abstractButtons"> <a class="abstractFullText dirLeft" target="_blank" onclick="pdfStats(176998);return true;" href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/pdf-176998-99298?filename=Static magnetic fields as.pdf"> <div class="abstractFullTextButton dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft icon icon-file-pdf-o"></div> Article <span class="block">(PDF)</span> </div> </a> <a href="#references" class="abstractLink dirLeft"> <span class="block">References</span><span class="block"> </span><span class="block">(200)</span> </a> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="highlights"> <div class="abstractLabel">HIGHLIGHTS</div> <div class=""> <ul> <li>The static magnetic field (SMF) is an indispensable factor in the natural environment.</li> <li>A moderate SMF in the most commonly used range of 2–80 mT has a potential application in the formation and re-modeling of plants and animals, including human cells.</li> <li>SMFs can significantly change the potential of the cell membrane, and thus can have a significant impact on the properties of the cell.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="abstractLabel">KEYWORDS</div> <div class="abstractContent"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Keyword-magnetic+fields/37959" class="singleKeyword">magnetic fields<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Keyword-viability/47293" class="singleKeyword">viability<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Keyword-proliferation/5483" class="singleKeyword">proliferation<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Keyword-structure/19524" class="singleKeyword">structure<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Keyword-cells/389545" class="singleKeyword">cells</a> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="abstractLabel">TOPICS</div> <div class="abstractContent"> <a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Topic-Physics+of+Plant+Materials/9003" class="singleKeyword">Physics of Plant Materials<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Topic-Environmental+Physics/9004" class="singleKeyword">Environmental Physics</a> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="abstractLabel">ABSTRACT</div> <div class="abstractContent realAbstract" >This review is intended to contribute to the evidence of the effects of static magnetic field on cells and tissue, as well as to present research results that will elucidate the complex matters involved in the formation and remodeling of cells. The cell characteristics studied in the papers that are reviewed include cell viability and proliferation, aggregation and their differentiation, structure and membrane potential. A moderate static magnetic field in the most commonly used range of 2-80 mT has potential application in the formation and remodeling of plant and human cells. However, in the case of cancer cells, the range of fields commonly used was 0.2-9 T. Magnetism promotes changes in plant cell growth, which prompts the cell to proliferate, thereby ensuring an increased rate of biomass production. Some researches presented the enhancement of the differentiation of plant cells and skeletal muscle tissue by over 30% at 80 mT static magnetic field. Changes in the cell cycle and growth reflect directly on the cell number and viability and provide useful information to detect modifications in the cell machinery. Static magnetic field, depending on its intensity, enhances cell proliferation and thus may improve, among other processes, tissue regeneration, wound healing and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Researchers showed, among other things, that cells under the influence of static magnetic field changed their shape, had a larger chloroplast, stiffer cell wall, density of the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm contained several mitochondria. Numerous studies also discussed the behavior of the cell membrane of plant and animal organisms, including humans, under the influence of an static magnetic field. The effects of static magnetic field on the cell membrane of plant and human cells were similar. The research results indicate that static magnetic fields can significantly change membrane depolarization and its potential that regulates ion movement and thus can have a significant impact on the properties and biological functionality of the cell. Studies have shown that continuous application of static magnetic field caused deformation and damage of cell membrane. Based on the theoretical analyses presented also in this review, it can be concluded that static magnetic field affects cells and tissue, giving them changes in properties and behaviors and modulates, e.g. in the activity of ion channels. Thus it may produce effects leading to changes in the functioning of the cell. It is possible to formulate directions for further research aimed at using static magnetic fields for the non-invasive remodeling and formation of plant and human cells.</div> <a class="anchor" id="funding"></a> <div class="abstractLabel">FUNDING</div> <div class="abstractContentReal"> <div class="">This work was supported by the program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education “Regional Initiative of Excellence” in the years 2019–2022 (project number 026/RID/2018/19; the amount of financing totaling PLN 9 542 500.00).</div> </div> <a class="anchor" id="conflictOfInterests"></a> <div class="abstractLabel">CONFLICT OF INTEREST</div> <div class="abstractContentReal"> <div class="">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</div> </div> <a class="anchor" id="references"></a> <div class="abstractLabel"><span class="block">REFERENCES</span><span class="block"> </span><span class="block">(200)</span></div> <div class="abstractContent"> <a class="anchor" id="1"></a> <div class="ref" id="ref_1"> <div class="dirLeft refNo">1.</div> <div class="dirLeft refText"> <div style="word-break: break-word;">Abdolmaleki P., Ghanati F., Sahebjamei H., and Sarvestani A.S., 2007. 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