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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelota mixteca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="/wiki/File:Pelota_mixteca_ball,_glove,_%26_player_(S_Kraft).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pelota_mixteca_ball%2C_glove%2C_%26_player_%28S_Kraft%29.jpg/250px-Pelota_mixteca_ball%2C_glove%2C_%26_player_%28S_Kraft%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Pelota_mixteca_ball%2C_glove%2C_%26_player_%28S_Kraft%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A <i>pelota mixteca</i> player with rubber ball and glove. The striking surface of the glove (facing down in this photo) is studded with nails driven into the glove</figcaption></figure><p><i><b>Pelota mixteca</b></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a>-style ball") is a team sport similar to a net-less tennis game. The players wear sturdy, elaborately decorated gloves affixed to a heavy flat striking surface, using them to strike a small solid ball. The game has roots extending back hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of years. </p><p>Today, the game is played in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican state">Mexican state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a> and in emigrant communities including those in the <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a> areas. </p><p>The members of each five-player team take their positions on one-half of a long narrow court—roughly 100 m long by 11 m wide—which has been measured out on compacted soil. To serve, the ball is first bounced on a flat stone, and then struck on the rebound. The complex scoring system is similar to tennis. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gloves,_balls,_and_variations"><span id="Gloves.2C_balls.2C_and_variations"></span>Gloves, balls, and variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelota_mixteca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gloves, balls, and variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The large gloves, which are usually studded with nails, weigh between 3–6 kg (7–12 lbs).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the ball was traditionally made of wool,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a wide variety of materials are used today: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg/250px-Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg/375px-Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg/500px-Pelota_mixteca_de_forro_ball_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A deerskin-lined <i>pelota mixteca de forro</i> ball</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The most commonly played game uses a ball made of rubber rolled with stocking thread, and fitted with a suede outer lining. The resultant ball weighs about 300–330 grams (12 oz) and measures 8–10 cm (3–4 in) in diameter (see photo on left). To differentiate it from other versions, this game is sometimes referred to as <i>pelota mixteca de forro</i> ("Mixtec-style lined ball").<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A version named <i>pelota mixteca de hule</i> ("Mixtec-style rubber ball") uses a heavier, 900 gram rubber ball, with no outer lining, often painted in bright colors (see photo above).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A version of the game played in the Los Angeles area uses a plastic ball weighing 1–1½ kg.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The little-known <i>pelota mixteca del valle</i> uses a very light (less than 100 gram) sponge ball which is struck with a wooden paddle strapped to the hand.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>The game is claimed by many writers to be a descendant of the 3000+ year old <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a>, perhaps the particular version shown on reliefs at the Mixtec archaeological site of <a href="/wiki/Dainzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dainzu">Dainzu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heiner Gillmeister, on the other hand, has argued that <i>pelota mixteca</i> may instead be descended from a Franco-<a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Real_tennis" title="Real tennis">real tennis</a>, likely through intermediate games similar to the <a href="/wiki/Basque_pelota" title="Basque pelota">Basque pelota</a> or <a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a>, and from there brought to <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this would put the game's roots back 412 years ago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelota_mixteca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Penick. Martinez.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federación Mexicana de Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Penick. Filloy Nadal (p. 30) finds a slightly lighter ball, at 170–280 grams.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federación Mexicana de Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales, which also states that a heavier glove is used, weighing between 5 and 7 kg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martinez.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federación Mexicana de Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Taladoire.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillmeister, p. 71-75, which is supported by Collins, p. 259.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelota_mixteca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Collins, Tony</span> (2005) <i>Encyclopedia Of Traditional British Rural Sports</i>, Routledge, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-35224-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-35224-X">0-415-35224-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Federación Mexicana de Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales, A.C.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010015912/http://www.codeme.org.mx/autoctonoytradicional/Deportes/Mixteca.html">Ulama</a>, accessed October 2007.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilloy_Nadal,_Laura2001" class="citation book cs1">Filloy Nadal, Laura (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sportoflifedeath00emic/page/20">"Rubber and Rubber Balls in Mesoamerica"</a></span>. In E. Michael Whittington (ed.). <i>The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame</i>. New York: Thames & Hudson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sportoflifedeath00emic/page/20">20–31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05108-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05108-9"><bdi>0-500-05108-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rubber+and+Rubber+Balls+in+Mesoamerica&rft.btitle=The+Sport+of+Life+and+Death%3A+The+Mesoamerican+Ballgame&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=20-31&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-500-05108-9&rft.au=Filloy+Nadal%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsportoflifedeath00emic%2Fpage%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelota+mixteca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Gillmeister, Heiner</span> (1997) <i>Tennis: A Cultural History</i>, New York University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-3121-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-3121-5">978-0-8147-3121-5</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Martinez , Gabriel</span> (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oaxacalifornia.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid=2">Un juego ancestral</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714223426/http://www.oaxacalifornia.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid=2">Archived</a> 2011-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i>El Oaxaqueño</i>, N 167: 14 November 2005, accessed October 2007.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Penick, Tom</span> (2005) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomzap.com/mixtecball.html">Pelota Mixteca:Modern version of a traditional game</a>"</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Taladoire, Eric</span> (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=DC6E94E592F567966284E1376A6828D8.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=186662">Could We Speak of the Super Bowl at Flushing Meadows?: La pelota mixteca, a third pre-Hispanic ballgame, and its possible architectural context</a>, <i>Ancient Mesoamerica</i> (2003), 14: 319–342</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelota_mixteca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yvLUYnUqeA">A short video of an actual game in Oaxaca</a> Note the player on the far right as he serves the ball, first bouncing it against a flat stone.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6soAiA_GG0">A shorter video of an actual game in Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKmB-o8vXT8">A short video of a game in Ejutla de Crespo, Oaxaca</a>. This court is wider and shorter than the court in the first two videos.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/sakraft1/sets/72157594330034590/">A set of Flickr photos of a game</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayavase.com/dainzu/figure5.html">Rubbings from the site of Dainzú</a>, by Ruth Hardinger. A rubbing of 'Ballplayer #36', one of several carved figures at the pre-Columbian Oaxacan site of Dainzú, engaged in an action resembling the playing of pelota mixteca.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelota_mixteca&oldid=1259583727">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelota_mixteca&oldid=1259583727</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Team_sports" title="Category:Team sports">Team sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mixtec" title="Category:Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Oaxaca" title="Category:Sport in Oaxaca">Sport in Oaxaca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ball_games" title="Category:Ball games">Ball games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesoamerican_sports" title="Category:Mesoamerican sports">Mesoamerican sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Guerrero" title="Category:Sport in Guerrero">Sport in Guerrero</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 23:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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