CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913517380b565fc2',cH: 'gyQjnyWeFEPUBGVX9vklV0YQyhW7D8OQa22Wsce4pnI-1739788107-1.2.1.1-yd23enO.UmP5iFRDClkX2YxNzBkXJ9TUxMu1ffQ2DKIEEU57Orp_7F2Hu35ZMOCY',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=energy%20absorbing%20capacity&__cf_chl_tk=T83JlizXRDrtsGfWPii.LUL8ugOhSuhS2U.n_DxuWoQ-1739788107-1.0.1.1-uNu2bJYcqkCW9MTJf_C6030ncwtlyzuls0QGASXNQHU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788107',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=energy%20absorbing%20capacity&__cf_chl_f_tk=T83JlizXRDrtsGfWPii.LUL8ugOhSuhS2U.n_DxuWoQ-1739788107-1.0.1.1-uNu2bJYcqkCW9MTJf_C6030ncwtlyzuls0QGASXNQHU",md: "JdCEJG14.Ju5tnKHHpp4t_mgEhoAqXC6sBW3nHnGgyQ-1739788107-1.2.1.1-iiFmBn7lKR26.aePGEOdSjBogLx6eYW8CaxEkMoE3eakrN.8nDtg3trCoOn0tUuYFw4.Z54dR5n8m4QYacQbtJ7l8BCLI7jhbWmYJT0FzOpSE9dCzA5V.fPtsBrifOMZENtMrajPgKP1hLjV1cHzSyoev4zDX1MVGXDu.hrGm8D.bZwerx2uBP3nLKnDWhmZ03wzc9tvjxzc2._TxaIP3RUhj.CBBJ_Wgzy9pKUyQPb0sY3xNtAmwN.GNMaBe2JTVxd7E.Mw4aN70hiY1MLeh6ZLEN3A8E1JcjCODHOXAN0jf47oFopR3hWIruT9jiEnjNYCR09VI8KO6I.xKy5xClUFOrHT.6Xn0nyrb0Vp5q7hkSrjf6xL0syp1qgzql1ODND9SHqE.6s0E0cyek6lWY58xaWIR.EW046hPUnJdqoiXCWBWrjhwvJ8ZmDV7TkCgxcWI4i95EzNhc5WLuE08DfN1DOONBg6igMBkC3mJT0mOSsVCvG8pXOCpQO2v8zM6IESsqQLJFVN2erFeQCk.aNf2fbGKKs567CsFCU4.j90c7PsnAV7_qRvjSRqj.r.BFNDo0ggDvqdBnVa_bvuAACByYfHRdCHopUI5wSBhfXMq.UIdBvKqTUmBfd_Q9NhfhE6yHkZI3N5MMUBb0b0XVjlmChsXdNklmihnmdUOQJ1ccIXkw4Pa1JmS1yc_4KPwfsTXuIM49jqE9N0hU5mYjmFanIsF_ywJynhG6DvR0VMqT_fPvZNj.S7h8QAojCd0vGtYSdI72Q6fdLBDPCWVvHK470h81FHFWUPHOq3_UcOn8P_gBs_yl6iitCXusIW4a1E_yr6xb9yA11JB4xnD0FR8srBH5AyWE2gAoXJkkc4gGbOFD_H7boxxuY2dsCsfM1gDLzH939WE5VwTmUHnT6QDEaYatWBYuKB.pwKVYRxV8Zf4YTG5KKn.n9Oh6hTVeKICVALuiqdQDbXiCMHPCL.XOfr.woqd0cvVIVKS6ukIGf.yqWtEhNVwuIlalWDm2x1GddafA64W6TbsrORsxLCIrtRKwyc6Eg1vfb1Nc8pFWEWJek9tCE_mw7euwtfaoyTPhDa_pfUrCPjAh.2mAwGJCk.Gr1oJnUzu6EFfHi2.5adS20Bx6EecjuZq_N56EM5vYe864cFpg03r.JETytnwv45_eFGqzZSsicgt6sTZB1tZj7BKkmp_I_IH41Lz1MM6ZEsnnRc5cSvc_9K.R.W3pLc2EU3YIKy1qQrIhRVoMeO_OthE04lsj1kyHx7a8ra7At02oY6IVKC.FK7SS4fzw18NiRxi3OaNXcFup3_.RZSayM6VFdfI3sw10RViONZk_5wVhVvouFVOwkQ0wkiacy35YbEwI3oSNxegOaak.062PJh1aGbF3ZICW0unRW8RqU2wMLdqYUPRuyJznPzVvc1Pj9bD5jsnfeWnRES7.m9WLac0H_1ffUdFEWpyNILO1TStR6l2_3uOVTE.UFVSRBa.doEAQY_p_MXdWDB4RgqQrZi_3jfmTdUrxsbV1a6MhqUnyKfb9NEqIZ5JjUMmoHI.xVQJfhE4yUTLdZu6b6c7NHU0KXEVc.QPAM.tVkg1SsCrL7ZARZiqes08vQtcXYwPIT2S2lySwKgexVT1_SurL0p0N2Zefmq8EePJig5qagMUn16rrSIaOdtNWZcoc8eZJzGo.lkXWhZh1aclzFC5ORMu8fFqkvLwo3nHJK3iL.kbDVl0TL3hSaUl6erPBuhbXV4.0mgM0qJpjZFjlo6O4tfsGYwNeL14k8kDaajFGoKVEn862vw3U37Rpk7VgV4Wupiv5FW7JRuEQAzX.rCfZvuFRJAB.9Bai7Rktueu4xtKUHxStdpulOkXMUvsHRumwt8LQWYQZ9WPqs63auKxuK5Thy8kZNJ2cRfTr2OzOM1XgVjeq42Mfr9Pf84wkz8zEsOmhAwYgKw9EYc79d910lzb3U78dR3rE_CSk0fXr2GmMzs1vKlfYDmWw",mdrd: "ubOAgKbC1rTUMb.a2MdYYOniUG0ojYAspZ8ZUxTOXtk-1739788107-1.2.1.1-YmGFFv5K58E1zIrN.rg9HlCTBSlJPaRul2Ndpnbs4smqaXdGp9ts2KNB5mNpF.hg_b5MzhUFJFm4WO_tiqhmwMIeWHSBQ1BxXHHfswEfOtDxyIcOI1koQX.aMNCpU9O_OIU2kFoWAD2tbMOKpAAtYtyxxH7mTpk3dKSmM648rh90dCQ9tmgGcPJlN75ZHHFu36.NAcDCcjTINE45ulVKXFnU_mZU8nM7IthMs_FWh3sxXtulDoqseCut6fnMWLsLM8DNG3.3miUBg6FUPCBlNL0PspovxwjEihFImgbzqQ_nSNH8evnSLJwcgOY6kgY7wCGyKqLEQMgE6zQGgYEPYzX43xljN4PficEqE4TgEeCchP9PSTC_ukh2iVqcaesuUQIopjMdq.O1G_YUqvkZLq1XZUwnmJTAcW8ePGMovOWpfJOo3iaxxWojKigEGEs2WI3SORSLGwAzkOvab2mgA6oI.ktiIPTE4I.3Ivl25TXpIkSH07v1pcVCUkXBr9ERujbjWemUF7tsdxSF4EyxtzIitIPzvapI8AHwtKgOojKAUjnXRtIxe.uycpdEXWDch8b5u.I5KE8iF21LEImzMEdurIe6hnWKZMuN05lK6PEW.kRFYPG28enflP6lQE8M7ItrHJTwlBi6h1S92oGb60.sSrRa_iObMMEqZZILcIDtllle2d9onLP7WXKohO8Bl5I1MLmrEfelpCeSpsIpPBw4YVP2xcMbY5CYXax3t1C4HNSqpSv_0vvVbODw2CCtXJ63C7q6CBCam4H9EvywpADuIAQ3ZNuS_pjy9caUOd6FXe_tZg3Wx.Z1AJRMOdqcU7l58Co0uBoYBM_EBRCcX0.V4lWAqxfIaVJsDcBuQZDa3VzTbFCVEs5cLIkDmMbD5o_KvZHV5BUjd54YjCkOXrXPD9WJO888.B0jmUWHQrXVblnx5cDLYLtIysljKO7aXyMVhuPfeSG63UstaSCJrK5MMPjO5YazvWX5gLrEX3UZrRVm7frFDGO9xHUPhVxPjFdjxESSFbSZt2BgA9rw2ei7nCwQXFS3myNf0g_WdgtOZ3mmvpLJoMSVUK6Bf94VsfoMqFD0OIhJJgSAJ_e32xx9pdpJdOcQU9qi0RkUADTPqhyrVgM0EBZYRvd9XustYV9EvKNnVTcCbZmNVv2hv.o0h1.1Y_yZjDhNSM5g2xPz5aI_I4JR5doAS7vop6Y.rc2bJ18KCzYIJjeaTuILj5okwsWOCntQIPcaNOGCxt0Ib7F23D2cCQnvMrNfaQy6uO4jcpp1yar3aUbNtV5pF.iIAIzq4ty1nHDpJXbnNvB5ooWosIpnNZamL9V50UISKDpgqUNZPXbxNEAdAm7217oBnLIecVXSLaieCwmT4us6te0KrA18TkBECP42iAaCDW73xjmD5tw_K2VLytjZoy114vdDF460gsMcWc1NzK7zle47GV7w3rGEpCXFrfry816oKnFUe1A8QAFyxLKogHiYh0GJD3DqYBCfI.T9Ivu1s3wKRjaiNFZdFH7eVZHdwpdjbrga7JYcQvu32SYRU4lh7X8ahdOoh79tNiSu6Lx7VT7Chjjac3rLh2QHFcsB1MClKV.vhzJtYcwDehO.nj6LI8NWNHDk_nMaHiq508GfdQssv2AQMF09YEUiN1jX2JkbBMxubmhXJLHKgpdlvB5D7e1x1NN4wsgmcpRDuvCmN.FNtjom0pggEYxyrbzDHjqVdt3JdqYpbDEJVReME4U3suwXDB9CAyS3.nIOj8NkZCptNhi99jt_1VR_gyXaOo8JN1IEeHM53zX3Hya0g0zwEcObe4n5D8iUjNQBr2IDRs6sn55UiLSlf3D1BjPdukfoHxF6CwNRMcN2LKRqXovNpuNzdIw_ErBlAq0yF2Dn9Jek49mGN0C8r1NQ5lL2TzEB90k9CkZ.Vsa.WeeXbOMHNBi2IuuiN8PCr.a.Ua9VxDW49ckkOagLlMbEwFYO3GJWx4XcSMUD_O9QeSiN_Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913517380b565fc2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=energy%20absorbing%20capacity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=T83JlizXRDrtsGfWPii.LUL8ugOhSuhS2U.n_DxuWoQ-1739788107-1.0.1.1-uNu2bJYcqkCW9MTJf_C6030ncwtlyzuls0QGASXNQHU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>