CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91348c0c0f50fd8d',cH: 'fRitty7kB_2246qOV..mogpQpeksPRgWqxyCuvAHcWg-1739782407-1.2.1.1-6LDWSpyoBXFG7ckHK5mT4CUW2VZ5HCcj4kMQJlT59rtgvvT_EoYUD6qx7w14B_CU',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=aircraft&__cf_chl_tk=ObT7vZjSzJrp7_4dQ4Ycl_GKE.q7RE8ahbtrsgsmEQg-1739782407-1.0.1.1-nHYndq0URAes_TOlgFP9C1d8GtAI204Ias7K.i86FDU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782407',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=aircraft&__cf_chl_f_tk=ObT7vZjSzJrp7_4dQ4Ycl_GKE.q7RE8ahbtrsgsmEQg-1739782407-1.0.1.1-nHYndq0URAes_TOlgFP9C1d8GtAI204Ias7K.i86FDU",md: "E0LqfZW.X8yEm49BK5gDqjnMi8AR1r1fkchMn4Yy9xY-1739782407-1.2.1.1-nYuWrtZNy5va4mXe_ZX4ZvFuXtJr..tmMUJQhko5yd0s0_ScdwJlQhlDqKOUFDdcFi859o4mozWygC8l9RXNZaB7niLbNotBTueL53NFBfjYutOqgYS6.Qh4HzHDTvrhhhEmQxjLZctV_nz5lw_XK4ujEE364020YGL.bdoVdOWmgDTdYGuRTI5HsHDokC5SMCM85enSvgbmPQhd1w3HwJ4pN1eqsAuCxCgV5LnGkSdtJ2jslFIKkzoMscBeAiccl__F15ukUSv76kViRAem3hwKco2qwZ3WQI_4vtg1KCVVCnEda240ey3TEZ_vvEXfgyP7GZA8flwXga0rCHEmOgas59MbwvGGjS6pLYzgy0jvTpRtjdUTsr.6NuS96MY0fnOq6LffInr_sAnMA2e4hgP4U0M3suzdgg4gzpW2XKS4TZ2NZa84A0eMs5zGjV6_1uVq.8opNdTxsMsiU6bDsKS2ToSdSnHx8IiuBZ2s3YVU1wgybGOvO0DryFYuleC4.gAZRv.FdLWHOx1mPw.V3Eh8VDgeBMDb_VXpHHmIrURQVW1NodOyDRs9AwY82cjUtZzI.4BH0807dvbfNpuDC4htbeCTQpwVuih7Of2YzoTvZuE7UJn3W.PVFenOQDVqKANIir6eSPRdj5moDSavqN_7jyYMq8qElco9mt6Kk5VdwmHDl28UcLmXcunLQsQ6LcO96LmFQ4Bd5ZaJJpTxZS5iQOM2WiZODxyT1OWCDJTFr3LxFeQN5U7HE1Ok99IBGIvwB8DoNfMap9rxLT6YskYeKq5Jq7aT.PDItiUlYCwQIy2PGwPhrc97yMQrrM7qfzc_DUb3zPxOsnaM12YLyo5.ICDbsw2Tki9sCKxoPCBd0ypt9A2rHEmvqQSeo4mCvJU24eK4tDs4.4pvfZT0WsrSvSIcjzqtBb6YBMEtSjqmXt6ilhWClUETIvS75ZLnkz_tBaqiu3S.H8h0xm_hOnTnpzp9HE2sHW7dqLsndamiJCK_EkPXcG0nJ08_2LTa0iQe6EbYAh5LovPFJ4pGOY2kUPe_DocFvYSbNgQqChK1DROxwUaabUOTtCui3jG3oOkjqGMHBv9Bpj6n5EEEAmZNqvo91BmwsmQ.lbDUKqBLtGYNLoWvXV59KWN7xyRNFZz0yftBHR1cOzvz0ifiW6mu.jXZykdv0uOnen9cnUlxcdttvByg03n13MnOAx2zmu9yHh0mximmo9fxgp2Pz21HbifZphYWDsqojJEk7w1HktZK7APGsMEc.I0SSt2jtWA.5IDd_0jYscRdofoR3VY7Y7PeREN.uRb6rdWr34Xiyd5eSBJ0T185yJme3y78wHIR8iP1tfpOWljFKSi3FtNyNQtMGljJge11u0BjE05q09dZelBprJAfoAKWYwDqM8oQtXOwkEyUgzidhTtCdygYOLNeeoo60RePtTS.6T2VV0E1w7haKy1yBwXPPXnoQd7.TalWmbLoA4tIW.4vuhvTChg0hfBI0kOl_yO4yneAJy1rM.xka37VZsRNlJf9PJrAN9fMVjqPvqIyAiClrqAPmBbi8RQIpkBcCQa6DvuVqdKMn9bTTu_uCGPQEHO1JQhbPIeBt2XaCR2K6JC1z3OeDq0SnOZIUL5In75DkO4NDimWd5YrnXp7MwgEkrzZsD_0e0Gms0YS6JveD6Iv2x0kbxNIDyQcO5ADDtKydPWy_5._KZEWdhFngcwAPWLf4nFIy8qmuvdkRA_MxtZq7vMUoPlOTqq2hVtmJogmth_1TLXx_9ztL5Utbn7tZxLH1ZxDsU0H6Rg4O.V6bf5uuTB7XcoJ5zEL2y2hbyDjkk7KJVyXuFkVU7sBPghXTqM02VBpSPlPLjnpisBtdj_Y8Ov4ySwGuNvpGAVyIThFHT38YUGOigyV4Tdmhzrud_mqITBH1X4fwcVV.MOcJPc7bA",mdrd: "KXfDqCM8em.0M8ljM2LMSKYOLoG699Wf2VHix0w5NhI-1739782407-1.2.1.1-PGyN67XBg_ZAauhJSsyk0DeX.bbsRlrVrGrlfQY19yHJnR9siwQ3MYDKmctRZo_RhGF4ULBPvaKuDeadMo3kO3KI3YilTNFnlQzPch25SmOvq5NlfAmg8yeE0EGN4er87j0409roSvDJ30z1DrIZR0905TfOgnd470czxT5O7FE1JTYbFZ.YgxozfaS2aRmKTxWKyrtwZdPrHl4MwRFJl0YPsAh9Sg2T.jq9lMMH8ClLeqVtjEmkWJ8edj4yljay2heXSYoqBkORmXhKkDPzRlgXSYmWa0EGaYqI6SuIF.cYA2urNdb7YtEA0QQxv8TqlvDoryQxUUr_9BF3y3GJkOlnha9CfGTLn4wpteohpHxBZiNmgl0R4.kl7o5V6x7_NvhmPpnkfk4tJOVBGXcQ4D23FVTBuxYOkxOrqlsp4WGCLLebqDivj4W996Ch732tRADyt6zbgAWzSen1.Pc_UWwrwrHLgGDZ7EtjeLl4zJLXM9KDxM6cwncKgXWs20VVlw3ghjf4nZw7Di5ILOo3gnRrW85JRihxivcZmvZCfLjuAFIPQk777y06TGTX9HJ0a5Qpi6TnnTDvk7rnln0eo_BgnfUS1.L3qBmuMFENHcr0DIdxNlRDZMKgE6I0CPo4J8QGS8M2ZHj6yc1WyzzXtXpv34V23_.tdYoQOJ2GioBAh7kU3ZHPAzGtS5Vz1sohirDrC44CHnc5gzMVNNX8sKzK5gQeyZO96naje5foQ0jn6kFd5WQ23isvUYo43zkeTcCRMl3qauZfW0Ph8R0NBBb29orQLYefgpgi3nxemTxxmKMkd7qx.bldj0HmIq5rtOvhEMh11qlP9b8pdYXZn.TEIUY1z2_8hT8EgomFJ2lIPM7lKP7qWre4uWS8IkrM8.qtR0vzf.V8x8XPS84vc7_GGA2HCqt6MVTATrv9G5jGt7XE.qKEw7jLzrbSJWvFixwqPGt.bzMsCEBhfGwgaKgLSBfJ8idBnwNUWj8PZ.o3ThhjvFYq6QVsWY4v69BwRyF0T9EU6GSbY3QcYNRqF1Lcvf4DmZuiZG8GtPCIe7Odkry.AmmmH2T8VuT.ZYbFWmDV9mNgvLMZW4ZaiUrOhrND95WpINx1WV73V9vJMNPj7sffI5oIlhuHWo5rRx6dYTcgSIw2BPdeP2H5YuRTmvPcuYN9n9XEoUlOoqNHGdlkZa6o178LjJfnLovmUlUlTp.O_Z6oaenvGRqgFPYhnJzakdETJJLR8pqqGo3ALtS8Vv6UeTU8qqTC_YfCLPsOkf4.Mn4yjBnKckdFDepHAaP2zN7hxH99lN0qQaaMrT3Jxp33UTpH3I4.qAvVJorqgCvKriPZmYybu1aQ_pDz8M_VsCdOMqPJc1a7EMj4NtCjyGbeGK5wyjiWblhWp9ZkppYv3AQoE3VUHKCBT2DUt1moHltPrs2ZtoDQ8lqwgnBNvOooxgXzq2DTgH..2T88redchnWEkFrYOScQQMNmLlUJOJhdpFwT0G3WC5SEyuVuoE164HizHsRu5NmoU8EZ2nOHhwVdSXcebQNEV_mlivH43JV5FzlFThtH50QD5WA2cRm6PrhsjpgE4IH1jUG1C5nQ6pHIVyhBlo5ciOF4sNw9z8BoTg3TmRJQ6q3i8oBx4OSyMQ98L8NW0lYSras1YA_CXWdcV2Kz9LpYVBWWcFuwXs5w7eNz6p5mmV6Kndak9g.li4CALmxQkHE4R1kUgb9B_7G1ZdmQTqA.aw6EPpoqLyKuDo4e7sj_JdKM3M9NeOKxkmlET3K7VFHy2HG2yrSDTZwE9PoXg4K0Z0PmalNVtYuPnqONaKlaPOhPsRM76o43xIzBAHtCW3hjbo5fYW55Ea6SJ_2IyM0v_UtIs1mL8GmVrKizANdTaBuQTkfY_u0hQRNtU4jeytl.VumnA_PpCjiZRozGizOoZP25jSlYh10oWv46yQ0qu1P2iGqQ2tf2JunoT4X6VXVNQ7Lk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91348c0c0f50fd8d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=aircraft&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ObT7vZjSzJrp7_4dQ4Ycl_GKE.q7RE8ahbtrsgsmEQg-1739782407-1.0.1.1-nHYndq0URAes_TOlgFP9C1d8GtAI204Ias7K.i86FDU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>