CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913412fc2efef8d0',cH: 'Fgdso4tVcDT7fr1tLR.1Elh8DPEToYCLVbbnlrMBpn0-1739777448-1.2.1.1-iYY3qRAU2gE_mMmkFCrR9yE.EY8CAOoMRtKJ6wQsKmWv0bKv6HLR_ssf46v8mkej',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=integrity&__cf_chl_tk=QvVFpZs7mWpHbS8Vymcd92av4S1KWnCUiNxMxJmM9JA-1739777448-1.0.1.1-O_7q4QPOojk9oqZ_VHOFvlme6HFrOJGKJWHogdKgcc4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777448',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=integrity&__cf_chl_f_tk=QvVFpZs7mWpHbS8Vymcd92av4S1KWnCUiNxMxJmM9JA-1739777448-1.0.1.1-O_7q4QPOojk9oqZ_VHOFvlme6HFrOJGKJWHogdKgcc4",md: "ETBuTSREtgX2YxkG.yZpGFz5.AhoBIqjW5psO8sE6w4-1739777448-1.2.1.1-z.TZxCXnZuAUDeDzqKMBXjwLAgGJzpP.z64MjdWuJk9OWEcTZgDWuV8wsCui.IpHabJp0WHvlmuQ4IOrsFJh890siiZ32q4ZvVBSy8pM_3eeY.Waw10fi.MFy7oy2mN.hC404hnoH79Q8GFMndYkPCoyVLmorR_a99qiKzr7xnm8u9qUq54vUleyKMoFvDN3njH4v0KxA3i0N1gj45ndrsjxfFKx1wdsERxkRk891UVRvL5H_iuetyJI1me8LXMI.LOnoz9eOysr26P6r4gwQTZfAVNYbCMHDw.tsFVdfj77M_A3hbLWPmsWzW3XjQkWkm9HYJfOoQlUkihENdQ_ikfwwp_1i_tNj130.oOgt3WZQEjuRq0xSPKL779gINnObGIlv43MYMqsLZfs5Z7OfLw5x_dGJqPxrsxeM6XnnpKH6eYXtD_WYnxDX4.Ggjh9XC._mMEtzdEvxmt4cyq2MinbPTWNAKgwjjBESzXMDjr.d6TQXFsNtEk.JsvUpIq1q157Tn8yGFuC4y50xUeVSdKKCvFgeVarh1K5phAMlAiaJwYuTS0ksgKVD9lPY3_Vr91RspQVHhXk7_GK2JsGmRAgzEWXw_kePof6Zx6H3alOREEk8lAL4Oak.DJn8ZLsS8QBdTnLDPEPgF0umQ2UisA16brLyGOEVFWoYk.Hl8qIRJ8ZTT0aqJbn_4Qbi8Y_KKuCIDvNTHDPD3A6PpBZ88R3rV5eycqrjaTiS.L6SlPmg2jOw.fApN2_vuTiWLe9t21MvpyPjNJR1_lxMwEJ7h.GO4OLsbh_AXDOlvijjz82DTjwj8Zdxymz9GO0Cadz6h69JeRvQn2EV74AtnKgugos4b_cbOZEYqf.UOiFYYiwEG_0b3pFvHD7RLSO8jy48HA1XCi7p9VRA.Gup1jdNr7m0hvZt42ZCM3SHx5_F9pIzh.qYasSCJop_swu5Wtz3qrR5iwtAkYkgfwi2d9dlWYOe7LnYOIrB_1Wr6_BvPZdR83HhkNfObvGPN1yAljs1ImlEN9IF70i_XF2V17uOXinIyt8_HTn6qW13YhCCpY2QiHBPA._R_s1svZaU2PZqf9yOF7LSatZpX.B9oOBE8kjpY4hVSxDOabRdBN4LRwxFRlaBCMLM1UJ05k2kSgNr1n7P9pjxd.KXcnLr_8Bpdhe8Rr06PBc3ZeXJ8_2KJuq1F3qH.ryLzzU1iHqLcL2iZFdtcwWu2MCMmzaH8I7FSJ0Iw7FiYSJMn1fzxwhPewiFYedbQSf7gzIAxiLh9yP14xtZimYc2JtsOcvQY1b3rOmAD1UjgxIWhC59bmgDelasa1fMZSH8eo3N4h2sHpkuhmVGzmqGA1Yn1ZHh3FOugtW5l1QMPzktpop872gpeB3t6REkHb3ISXJbuHzFTRSCjG2FmBJN9OAvM4.FTACzfNq68NA0WN__DLr3Z0Msh3Bsw.tpfaBz8_WUcr2e6bzeYP4XWdRf_BkQaYvN7WC9GuVMufz.Jo4MI6VeUodhqp.C.crz3eDjPAuSQUbQ5J5lo1QuZX2uiznO8IVoxxplh7wE4_FiOkqQTxUujPfmSbVjOmQ7xFtc68Esgiae9g5nP5Xw2F7Yyg3I2DM1YjhoQ.kmk9L8SaNSBgGRuSSPS0bl4qikEl.zAnDZrb_M7kvzfre9dfzeSPMeC.wiNaioEgjB6v.tl9o8ZPs_6eN7rDxjNNp7.w3ltpCxYzeOVFm.SL02DOpEMEDT876J4fA6Pzg1c1lZF7mmkSr5UoCTqjF.QzQ440xoyJbA743caDKL5yaZX9dQihXZtdE2OMpWcxiJfk1uRlHpNUvJfPu0q1IGmUUm842vD9dlvdS26Zv.yKCeJ_oNHAfwChwH1PpMQwTVgR6nPEtinQ50ygMiwekTlKF6mTl4.atyZ8NBsPHRe_6t3qmG3ZngMREAR8.yA",mdrd: "0p5eiCHn1gLbrcmH_5CQK4X8ss14ZRm1EajLa4Bs_ZI-1739777448-1.2.1.1-dHcTC7sVMUQCQMKREQt9FuGM_BOCAFzJQ83woRwIgCz7TzJt1lLFQXX4OjZJDh_LZ2r89P.8TLxGrg9cDz_18YC8Lx9Sr95e7ni1T32vrjlkcg7RJVrY._UXQTtdIT1idIntlwTTbJAzkAx3zVkVfFZPrre76LhzNBvpKdYIBMjdDYYZRIKNHVgJ5cjOp_jl_rUw4mFwE8QbP7dqE0S1JHZcTCZqP7fYf.mgHunbxQWvpE.tA_euQ4ab74vfmswA9uC18yMjisZ8rNRK0XfZume6jjAaQxQ4swUVUlqLrQP9S5QR6nQVcUVlml5sXU10uwe.PXejIAGkW7KE7uGhqjABRmDSLDSvUBlZQ4RDGwN2vv1x0arbm_C1xSU9algYrOXmCF5B9nAgyh1Sl2byEwNTqvehyAOK_T8RwbXyIlatOCPwIbDnd3FlIZbOXUbvHlMnvI5rnyQTVEVMaaPEVgs1j9LmDobs1i48_8g4x7ErVflkk7FtHfzq3wSdx_Z4.7QXQMD30.AFqMb3DZ1yf9v7Oknszn.NvyJW.ATb47hp.ljGp8KMQL0V.iiHFIKmKJJOMLKC0qAh_qDfCCeMd0IYi.7qkvtpTDdouzKlnvXpaxiibxWEpFTCdlqZX9wZIVoIo51x.2.rm2WdZyNpXzNvPIodBQoKZcPl0WvIf0C66TNH3ZZTikiHOLeulGSs4AJKDrNklLiL8Qe2a8hskDQgVTbxpYK3fsfe4vdz2MtJIAaEb4wfZTFqyXHccEzRSVDumz0wK0VvG_eM2cQx8F4YGNPkk1CDAeDUoefM4n_kqwG0n6Lgt_pdrLpdN9xJ_bqpmAhTLlx8tLBT7JzfYjGbqzN4sFP.JZmI5nqif_j1pdpRX276cZdHmVSFaljojIr_KBBmOiNaPMhZb29r3qrk6tuTFz7HhYobdPp8fE3EjxGDIUCRQ4_h24wjM8cFi5D_P79H3UeMIeNGw5O9ZF7aHne9EXSfXvp7zQZaJFYEPAuiVa9L7m.ISnc5ytQfgIzpmrwwHYXFcXxgzQ.vBsAVjEYTHGn6BPu28rxlTtGpJ3_WBUUi6eEi6JaTFGG6h3UE_1iZdUevwcRaWAQurVprXxq7yR3uMPGkTsUzLeSY5uaj1bSOkLw56x8x1AlmVFydUMr.tkqoXluOjiDDSbaxPYliH8pP3ZJaMFMlcyTvY7ytkxZRV2XIt1FOf5iULegp9M06BNOhfgw8ZxQ9m7t0QReaW2AakUvwq_Nda2vffnXXwlKABKni4t29_CcQ.jszT20hi6yzu.54Rv2YmVwjPpISd0wym2q57t3lmmfz2li7DAd4sJsnxKimyxbtk0LnqFutrUCSDgFNKAtK5aa7E70AqyGBXV1tbPNC83wFglCh58KkQloHk_axtpi9wD6SYcvzYdl_Eq.nXc_613FF09..xbrVHMre.S3Tt3lV6eNBg61r2v.NkeCPiHSdoh2XJSdWyJgkRK9VlS9t04qWyfrZ4Qk.onGa1aywrXe.AzwX2chjvHRbA1nJsAFImV83y1e26AkHhje9ezHeUNWpRFw2kIQe9pR2y1r6eHSMtCuxJXL4uLDn3jd6HwSVR_pE3xsIoyBZoEE3tWek4UofvBpIGQj8t.L0Lsxr..xAGurWBqEY01tK9ZRUu9xP5.h.wfSwBtcfk3mp61RJzPpuc2eL2VqhJG0Y9S866VpuhBt7cmuR9.3iKtZLJQ4oRXPzZS83VNWTy_lZvbzoSkBQlZP5uzIcbhdljsBf1gq2ebNVrHxquxIkYHjNZsT5S4e6tFfjvo45.3o2OynQBn1_bouW7wNSlUq07KE.llMzQY5vPSdL9VC_IiLTTyT5o5YPsu62dUIPyGliyfFMSEps1xAhWBzRs0yTn964qKUlZoik6ewuE_2kqVAKa0GYTqQR4EQK7WqV8KbFAx7ZAa8GDmVjEPgFNVD8igaPqWYVjPetmp3yiTCTs0W5ogYn"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913412fc2efef8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=integrity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=QvVFpZs7mWpHbS8Vymcd92av4S1KWnCUiNxMxJmM9JA-1739777448-1.0.1.1-O_7q4QPOojk9oqZ_VHOFvlme6HFrOJGKJWHogdKgcc4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>